Chapter 29 chapter Ten

From 1940 to 1943, his eyes turned to Xinjiang in the Western Regions.And in the next half century, Huang Jiqing has consistently poured a considerable part of his enthusiasm into the beautiful and mysterious places in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. As winter approached in 1942, Huang Jiqing led five senior officials to start a geological survey of Xinjiang oilfields, which was an epoch-making expedition in the history of Chinese science.He is the captain himself.The team members are: Yang Zhongjian, a famous vertebrate paleontologist, Cheng Yuqi, a famous mineral deposit scientist, Zhou Zongjun, a geomorphologist, Bian Meinian, a geologist, and Weng Wenbo, a famous geophysicist. This is a powerful camp. Later, they all became academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and internationally renowned science masters.During this 197-day field trip, Huang Jiqing and his team not only made a major contribution to the geological survey of Tianshan Duzishan Oilfield and the delineation of the oilfield scale, but also through the detailed on-site inspection in Datong, Huang Jiqing has a unique insight. It is the first in the world to put forward two scientific theories, the theory of continental oil generation and the theory of multi-stage oil generation.In his 1943 monograph on the Xinjiang Petroleum Geological Survey Report in English, he aimed at the theory that large oilfields survive only in marine strata that dominate the international geoscience community, and clearly pointed out that continental sedimentary strata also have the possibility of large oilfields.It is entirely possible to find large oil fields comparable to the California oil fields in the United States and the Baku oil fields in the Soviet Union in places such as the Duzi Mountain and the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China, and under other continental sedimentary strata in China.

What a boldness this is!What a vision!It seems to have struck an earth-shattering thunder on the heads of the authorities in the international geoscience circle, and it has brought exciting news to the development of the petroleum industry of the Chinese nation and even the entire society.In the following decades, Huang Jiqing's theory was confirmed without exception.The Dagang Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield, Renqiu Oilfield we know today... and a large number of well-known oilfields such as the Tarim Oilfield discovered in the 1980s are all in continental strata without exception.Among them, the most prominent one is naturally Daqing oil. Huang Jiqing's continental oil generation theory is the most basic and only credible theoretical basis for the major breakthrough in the discovery of Daqing oilfield.We hold such a solemn view today that we are definitely not talking nonsense because of the dominance of some emotion.This is like the first oil blowing well in Daqing that year, which was drilled for more than 3,600 meters before seeing the surging black gold. A great scientific theory that has been proven to be correct, if it is not based on long, deep and arduous research Basically, it is absolutely impossible to produce, and it will never be possible to produce!

The reason why I asked readers to follow me across decades of historical time and space is still for the dispute about the discovery of the Daqing Oilfield. One day in December 1954, heavy snow fell over the city of Beijing. Baiwanzhuang, the dormitory building of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.The office address of the General Committee of the Republic's first oil combat command is located here. "Old Huang, thank you for coming." Party Secretary Liu Yi called Huang Jiqing and Xie Jiarong next door to his office for a meeting. "According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the party group of the Ministry decided to hold the first oil survey work meeting on January 20 next year." Liu Yi did not wait for Huang and Xie to sit down, and began to convey the instructions from above: "Comrade He Changgong asked our General Survey Committee to Draw up a plan for the direction and tasks of the national oil census next year. This task is very heavy. It is not only the first paper that our general committee submits to the higher authorities and the people of the whole country, but also directly related to the future direction of our country's oil industry. .From now on, I'm afraid we'll have to lose some sleep! I'd like to hear from both of you."

Huang Jiqing was straightforward by nature. He glanced at Xie Jiarong and said, "It doesn't matter if we sleep less for such a big strategic plan. The problem is that the country's current financial resources are still limited. The demand is very urgent, which requires us to be as accurate as possible in terms of direction and technology when formulating plans and assigning tasks. What do you say, Lao Xie?" Xie Jiarong, who is six years older, has a very different personality from his friend Huang Jiqing. He rarely speaks, or as some people say, he is not good at speaking.But in life and work, he is definitely a good old man - Huang Yusheng, Huang Jiqing's youngest son, who is now a senior engineer and technician of a certain company in the United States, told me this. "De Gan is right, we need to conduct detailed discussions and research on each specific project." Xie Jiarong said.

"I agree with your opinions. However, technical issues are very complicated, and we need to have unanimous opinions." Liu Yi paused and asked a question: "In the future, if there are major differences of opinion on scientific and technological issues, what should we do? Lao Huang made the final decision, what do you think? He set his sights on Xie Jiarong." "I have no objection. Degan is more familiar with oil than I am. We have been friends for decades and we won't fall out." Xie Jiarong smiled. This plot is excerpted from a reminiscence article written by Huang Jiqing.According to Huang himself: This is an agreement between the three gentlemen, and it has not been announced to the masses.I think it is credible because, as I said before, Liu Yi was an administrative cadre of the three giants of the General Committee at that time, and Huang Jiqing and Xie Jiarong were undoubtedly the masters in technology.Although Xie Jiarong had worked in petroleum geology before, he was a mineral deposit scientist after all, and his expertise was mainly in prospecting.Huang Jiqing is different. On the one hand, he is a basic geologist who studies the tectonics. At the same time, he personally organized and led the survey and exploration work of several oil and gas fields. He is a veritable expert in petroleum geology.

After Huang and Xie accepted the order, they started the intense and busy decision-making work. In the vast land, where is the oil field? It is really too difficult to answer this question, and no one dares to speak wild words. A year ago, Li Siguang, Minister of Geology, also described China's oil resource prospects when he was summoned by Mao Zedong, but this was after all a generalization.What Huang Jiqing and the others have to do now is a very specific and decisive strategic deployment, that is, it must be pointed out: Which place has shown the conditions for surviving oil fields, and the exploration team can be pulled in; which place may be a large oil field, it should be included General survey and exploration projects; and although there is no sign of any oil field that may survive in any place, once a breakthrough is made, it will be a great discovery, so it should be determined to invest in it.

Now, that's what Huang Jiqing and Xie Jiarong have to do. "It shouldn't be a problem to arrange census tasks in the Sichuan Basin and the Ordos Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Basin?" Huang Jiqing asked Xie Jiarong. "No problem." Xie Jiarong nodded in agreement. "A piece of Xinjiang and the Qaidam Basin in Qihai should also be included?" "It should. We have done some work in these places in the past, and if we work harder now, it is very possible to find a large oil field!" Xie Jiarong added. Huang Jiqing spread out a large map like a wall, and drew a red circle on it with a red pen: "In addition to the piece of North China that you and I agreed on, there is another piece that I want to do most!" Throwing the pen on the table, he said while pacing in the room, very emotional.

"Which one?" "Here!" Huang Jiqing turned around and bent over the map, pointing his finger at the rooster's head. "You mean the Songliao Plain?" "Yes." Huang Jiqing's arm strongly drew an arc on the map, and then said passionately: "From the topographical map, our east has a very prominent feature: the Greater Khingan Mountains, the Taihang Mountains and the western part of Henan include The area including Funiu Mountain forms a plateau mountainous area running north-north-east-southeast-west. To the east and west of them are the Songliao Plain and the North China Plain. These two plains can almost be connected by the Bohai Bay and the Lower Liaohe Plain to form a A continuous plain and shallow marine sedimentary belt. Earlier, the German geologist Richthofen named this large-scale landform feature, called the Xing'an structural line. Do you still remember that our Professor Glip (the famous American geologist The author, an early professor of Peking University, also paid great attention to this, and he believed that the above-mentioned sedimentary belt is the sedimentary belt of the earth wall that is beginning to form on the crust..."

"Li Siguang called it the trough of New China." Xie Jiarong interjected. "Yes, I also agreed with their views in the past, but since I proposed that large continental sedimentary basins can generate oil and form economically valuable oil and gas fields, I am very interested in large basins, especially mesozoic and newborn basins. generation of continental basins." "You mean that the Songliao Plain may also be a continental oil-bearing basin?" "That's right." Huang Jiqing asked Xie Jiarong: "Do you still remember that I have been studying geological data in eastern China in the late 1940s? Once I went to your house and asked for a big bundle!"

Xie Jiarong laughed: "That's the case. Your sister-in-law insisted on letting you keep a sack of banknotes." Huang Jiqing laughed loudly: "At that time, how many catties of millet could a sack of banknotes buy from Lao Jiang?! Sister-in-law lost money." Big!" "Let's get down to business." Huang Jiqing continued to elaborate: "One day, when I was looking at geological data, I suddenly had an idea: why not take the large subsidence zone in eastern China as the research object of oil and natural gas survival! This point you and I am also aware that there are sporadic Cretaceous sand shale formations on the southern edge of the Songliao Basin. The continental formations here are likely to exist in the middle of the basin. Although we have not found any obvious ones so far, I think it is only discovered by the first It is nothing more than a cover-up of the four lines. Another point can be proved that the third line of Moras-type structures appeared on both sides of the North China Plain, that is, the Changxindian line in Hebei and the Guanzhuang line in Shandong: when they extend to the middle of the plain, they change phases. It is sandy and muddy lake deposits. From these facts, we have reason to believe that the Songliao Basin, like the North China Basin, may be a continental oil-bearing basin!"

"Finished?" "It's over." — After talking endlessly, Huang Jiqing poured himself a cup of tea, then sat quietly and waited for Xie Jiarong to express his opinion. Although Xie and Huang are different in age, they are disciples of the four masters Chu Zhang, Ding, Weng and Grip, and they were the pillars of Chinese geology in the 1930s and 1940s.Both have successively served as the chairman of the Geological Society of China, and have served the Central Geological Survey for decades.New China's petroleum geology industry has made two masters walk side by side in the same trench.Xie Jiarong's personality is introverted, and he appears sophisticated and stable.Huang Jiqing is outspoken, giving the impression that he is a person full of passion and vitality.Whether in life or work, Huang Jiqing regards Xie Jiarong as his elder brother.At this moment, when he confides a grand plan that has been conceived in his heart for a long time, he really wants to hear this elder brother's opinion.In Huang Jiqing's view, Xie Jiarong's attitude is too important, because he understands that Xie Jiarong will never say a word against science. technical decision-makers. "You... don't agree?" Huang Jiqing looked at Xie Jiarong silent for a long time, feeling very anxious. "Me? Ask me? Hey, I agree with both hands!" Xie Jiarong seldom smiled, but this time he smiled: "We not only need to include Songliao in the plan, but also must send a team to do it! This point of view, I said last year I mentioned it before, and it coincides with you." "Great!" This is what Huang Jiqing wanted to hear.He quickly picked up the red pen and drew a very eye-catching red circle on the head of the rooster-shaped map.