Chapter 26 Chapter VII

In 1895, after the Japanese seized Taiwan, they exploited foreign oil in a certain place.Once, a Japanese saw a group of Taiwanese people curiously watching the oil well room, so he told his companion that he wanted to watch the Chinese light the sky lanterns. What is sky lantern lighting? I saw that the Japanese filled a spoonful of oil with an iron spoon, asked a Taiwanese fellow to open his mouth, poured foreign oil into his mouth suddenly, and then lit a match, and the Taiwanese fellow was regarded as alive. Burning to death as a sky lantern, a group of Japanese people were having fun on the sidelines!

In the early twentieth century, a group of Americans formed an Asian expedition to cross the Tengger Desert.They held the Stars and Stripes on China's territory, but they did not allow Chinese scientists to participate in the investigation. You Chinese have tails (braids: author's note) behind your buttocks, and you can only do this kind of work.An American member of the inspection team rode on the back of a hired Chinese guide and said like driving a horse. Even though the Chinese counterparts gritted their teeth with hatred, they were still unreasonably excluded from the delegation.

The investigation team cut off the water on the way to the vast desert where there are thousands of miles of uninhabited people.The foreigners actually killed the camel team and the Chinese guide for their own survival, and used camel blood and human blood to help them cross the desert. At the International Geological Congress, the Americans boasted of this as a feat to the world. A country without science will have no basic dignity. This kind of national humiliation deeply hurt the heart of a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty.In the year when Master Huang Jiqing was just born, this scholar of the late Qing Dynasty went east to Japan and resolutely entered the Department of Geology, Tokyo Imperial University. International students majoring in geology.

His name is Zhang Hongzhao, and the Chinese geological circles call him the founding father of Chinese geology.When Huang Jiqing called him Mr. Zhang was already a pioneer in China's geology. In June 1911, Zhang Hongzhao returned to the motherland with a pure heart.At this time, the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen broke out.After the success of the Wuchang Uprising, Zhang Hongzhao was invited to Nanjing to participate in the preparations for the Provisional Government of the Republic of China. In January of the following year, the Nanjing Provisional Government was announced. President Sun Yat-sen personally approved the establishment of the Geology Section of the Mining Department under the Ministry of Industry of the government, and appointed Zhang Hongzhao as the section chief.

The word "geology" has officially appeared for the first time in China's thousands of years of government power. Section Chief Zhang, as China's first geological chief, said loudly to the people of the country: Those who seek the country should make the best use of the land to benefit the people.If you want to make the most of the geographical advantages, you can't help but investigate the geology!He also said: It may not be too late to make up for the dead sheep. If we lose this, we don’t want to, but if we talk about the strength of the window, I don’t know it yet!

The words of the former teacher had a great influence on the young Huang Jiqing, and played an important role in enlightening him to devote his whole life to the geological cause. In 1928, Huang Jiqing graduated from Peking University with a bachelor's degree in geology with honors.The graduates of the same class also included Li Chunyu, Zhu Sen and Yang Zengwei. The first two later became academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and famous geologists.Only Yang Zengwei went into business because of his family's difficulties.In fact, there were only four of Huang Jiqing's geology graduates in total.

Before the 20th century, geological science in China was zero.By the end of the 1920s, when Huang Jiqing graduated, there were still only a few people who were fighting the world, but these few people were all great figures. Looking back, the Chinese nation was born in the 20th century. The rapid rise of the century, we have to admit that they contributed a lot.The people mentioned here, besides Zhang Hongzhao, are Ding Wenjiang and Weng Wenhao. Zhang, Ding, and Weng are the first generation of geological masters in China who returned from overseas.They jointly created my country's first institution of higher learning specialized in cultivating geological talents - the Geological Research Class, which later became known as the Central Geological Survey.The institute was established in 1913, and only 30 students were enrolled in the first batch.The teaching of the Institute of Geology is very strict, and an elimination system is implemented for the students.When this group of students graduated three years later, only 18 of them received diplomas.Among them are Xie Jiarong who has been introduced, Ye Liangfu who became a famous educator, Zhu Tingyou who discovered Jingxing Iron Mine, a feed mine for Shougang, Wang Zhuquan who discovered Datong Coal Mine in Shanxi, and Pei Wenzhong, who excavated Zhoukoudian Jiren in Beijing.Later, the Geological Survey Institute did not recruit students, and became a working entity under the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of the Nationalist Government. The first batch of students were recruited as geological surveyors of the Institute.Since it was the only geological work department in China in the 1920s and 1930s, outstanding students from universities across the country, including those who returned from studying abroad, were absorbed into the institute to engage in geological sciences. This situation lasted until the founding of New China in 1949.

Due to the academic level and practical work ability of the three masters Zhang, Ding, and Weng, coupled with the continuous absorption of elites from all walks of life, the Geological Survey Institute was already full of talents when it developed into the 1940s, and became a veritable world-class famous scientific research institute. As a research institution, its overall academic level and researchers are first-class, and it is also known as the Whampoa Military Academy of Chinese Geological Sciences in China.Later, New China discovered so many large mines, large oil fields, and uranium minerals used in hydrogen bombs and atomic bombs in a very short period of time, which is inseparable from the fact that all the basic personnel of this investigation institute were preserved before liberation.This article focuses on the discovery of the Daqing Oilfield and a series of events that occurred later. Tracing its origin is not unrelated to the history of this institute.This is because Li Siguang never belonged to a geological survey institute, and besides him, almost all geological undertakings in New China, including pioneers in the oil industry, came from this institute.

All the grievances and grievances in the world are always mixed with many historical factors, and the issue of Daqing Oilfield is no exception. Huang Jiqing does not belong to the first generation of Chinese masters such as Zhang, Ding, Weng, Li (Siguang), nor is he one of the Eighteen Arhats, but with his own genius and diligence, he quickly became a master in the field of geological science. After leaving school, Huang Jiqing, like all outstanding young geologists at that time, was hired as an investigator by the Central Geological Survey.Weng Wenhao was the director at that time, and Ding Wenjiang was in charge of technology.Weng and Ding are good friends. Ding served as the first director of the investigation institute. Later, Ding once galloped through the political arena and became the supervisor of Shanghai City (equivalent to the mayor) and then became the general manager of Beipiao Coal Mine.Few people under the age of 50 today know the name Ding Wenjiang, but in China at the beginning of the 20th century, Ding Wenjiang was very famous.I read the book "Ding Wenjiang Science and Chinese New Culture" written by an American scholar named Charlotte Firth translated and published by Hunan Science and Technology Press in 1974. The sport's standard-bearers and masters of science stood in awe.Furth commented on Ding Wenjiang in the original book published by Harvard University:...he is China's Huxley, a representative figure who advocated science and promoted the development of new culture in China in the 1920s and 1930s...As an outstanding scientist, he He was the first Chinese to do so, studying Western science from both a technical and a philosophical point of view, and he considered it his duty to educate his fellow man on the principles of scientific thought.The role played by Ding Wenjiang (scientists as cultural and political leaders) is unprecedented in the historical development of China... This outstanding scientist and political leader has influenced Huang Jiqing's career and life. huge influence.Maybe it's a coincidence, maybe it's an opportunity.At the moment when the young Huang Jiqing just stepped into the society and determined to use the knowledge he learned in the classroom to contribute to saving the suffering nation, Master Ding Wenjiang, who was at the peak of his energy and career, planned the Chinese A feat in the history of modern geological science - the Geological Survey of the Southwest Frontier of China.He chose two routes, one from Chongqing to Guizhou, and the other from Xuzhou, Sichuan to Yunnan.Ding Wenjiang not only personally led a team, but also sent two right-hand men to form another team. They were Huang Jiqing and Zhao Yazeng, a young geologist who was well-known in the geological field at that time.

I knew Zhao Yazeng from photos. He was tall and scholarly.In contrast, the short Huang Jiqing looked naive.That photo was taken in 1929 when Zhao Yazeng and Huang Jiqing crossed the Qinling Mountains at Baocheng Jitou Pass.This expedition field trip left an unforgettable impression on Huang Jiqing throughout his life. In order to obtain as much field information as possible, Huang Jiqing and Zhao Yazeng sometimes asked for directions side by side, and sometimes set up their own routes, entering the wild virgin forest and the mountainous area of ​​ethnic minorities alone.To us today, traveling to a strange place seems romantic.But in those days, field trips were a life-threatening adventure at any time. In November, when Huang Jiqing was on his way to Xuyong, Sichuan, a bad news came from Zhaotong, Yunnan that he could not accept—his friend and companion Zhao Ya was brutally killed by bandits.Zhao Yazeng died suddenly and tragically.This young scientist born in the north did not know how to deal with the evil deeds of the bandits in the south.On this day, in a small bamboo inn where he was staying, a group of armed bandits suddenly came.The locals have experience, as long as they encounter such a situation, they will take the initiative to open the door and open the cabinet, and let it be.Zhao Yazeng didn't know that when he heard the bandits were coming, he tried his best to hold the door firmly.

The bandit howled for him to open the door, but he couldn't hold it open anymore, and even pressed his body against the door together.The bandits were in a hurry, and they just pulled out their guns... An outstanding scientist just fell into a pool of blood. When the bad news came out, the whole country was shocked.Huang Jiqing was even more distraught, but this did not stop him from continuing to forge ahead.After wiping away his tears and burying his friend's body, he crossed mountains and entered the uninhabited primitive mountains and rivers of Guizhou by himself, until he joined Ding Wenjiang and others in June 1930.The field trip lasted one year and three months, and Huang Jiqing traveled more than 10,000 miles alone, setting a record for the longest one-way trip in the geological history of China.When Ding Wenjiang grieved over the loss of his great disciple Zhao Yazeng, Huang Jiqing's professionalism brought great relief to the master.Tomorrow's geological hope in China is none other than Degan!Ding Wenjiang praised it in front of Weng Wenhao and Hu Shi, then the standard bearer of the new culture.It was later proved that Master Ding's prediction was correct.On the basis of obtaining a large number of first-hand materials, from 1930 to 1932, Huang Jiqing devoted himself to the field of scientific research and published six monographs on the Qinling Mountains and Sichuan geology, the Permian strata in southern China, and coral fossils. .Among them, the Permian strata in southern China is the first summary of chronological strata in my country, which laid the foundation for the division of Permian strata in China, which has direct guiding significance for geological prospecting.As soon as his monograph was published, it immediately caused a sensation in the Chinese and foreign academic circles.Since then, Huang Jiqing has also gained the reputation of Huang Erman in the scientific and technological circles.