Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Sea Breeze in the Gulf of Mexico

In a blink of an eye, it was January 1978. 5th.3:40 p.m., Washington Dulles Airport. Flight TWA891 landed slowly... The delegation of China Petroleum Corporation headed by Sun Jingwen arrived in the United States.Han Xu, director of the Chinese Liaison Office in the United States, Bergold, an official from the U.S. Department of Energy, and dozens of representatives from the U.S.-China Trade Promotion Association and overseas Chinese came to the airport to welcome them.After the simple ceremony, the delegation arrived at the Shoham Hotel by car. "You've worked hard all the way! I arranged a Chinese restaurant for you tonight, what do you think?" Comrade Han Xu asked everyone enthusiastically.

"There are us Chinese here in Washington?" Someone asked in amazement. "No, it's a Chinese restaurant run by Taiwanese." Han Xu said. "Taiwanese? Then... can we go eat?" Someone carefully looked at the head of the group, Sun Jingwen, to see what he had to say. Sun Jingwen was also stunned: "This...Director Han, we listen to you. Before going abroad, the comrades from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs made it very clear that when we arrived in the United States, who should we meet, what should we say, basic necessities of life? arrangement." Han Xu smiled and said: "At present, all the Chinese in the United States are from Taiwan, and there are basically none from the mainland. Most of the Taiwanese are in the United States, and most of them come to do business. They have no political background, so we go to them to open Chinese restaurant, it doesn't matter."

"Then let's go! We are flying with a foreign airline, and the whole journey is full of bread, sandwiches, etc. It makes my stomach feel nauseous... Now I want to eat a bowl of pickles and millet porridge." The words of the head of the group reached the whole group on the heart of man. "That's right, just a bowl of pickles and millet porridge!" Secretary-General Qin Wencai was also happy: "Okay, if we continue like this, we can save a lot of food expenses when we go abroad this time!" "It's a small saving, my daughter wants me to bring back the 'three big things'... Secretary-General, I suggest: arrange as many porridge dinners as possible in the future." Someone publicly suggested.

"Hahaha...you're so poor and crazy!" A joke instantly dissipated the tense atmosphere of setting foot in the United States. "Listen, all of you: our oil delegation represents China, and we always want to give the Chinese people a face. Even when we eat, we can't look poor. We should eat white rice and braised pork. ! In front of foreigners, especially Americans, you must not be too stingy!" Sun Jingwen spoke, and it would be good if he didn't say what he said, but it caused a roar of laughter. "When we come to the United States and eat white rice and braised pork all day long, they really think of us as poor ghosts who came out of the slums!"

"Really?" Sun Jingwen was a little confused, so he asked Han Xu in a low voice: "Hey, what do you think richer Americans usually eat?" Han Xu thought for a while and said, "There is nothing good, just steak, cheese, and hamburgers." "Oh, don't mention that cheese and hamburger to me again! I feel like throwing up when I smell it..." Sun Jingwen, a tall and burly man, bent over and felt pain, pitiful and funny. "Then Minister Sun, you are about to suffer. In addition to hamburgers and cheese, here are cheese and hamburgers." Han Xu said.

This time it was Sun Jingwen's turn to smile. He confidently kicked a cardboard box in front of him and said, "It's full of malted milk, enough to last me for a while." Han Xu shook his head with a wry smile, and said in his heart: That means we Chinese are capable. On the 6th, at around 9 am, the delegation arrived at the US Department of Energy building at 2000 M Street.In the conference hall on the second floor, the delegation listened to a briefing on the development status of the US oil industry by US oil experts.The exchange meeting lasted until 4 p.m., and the working style of the Americans left a deep impression on the delegation: Although it was the first contact between Chinese and American experts, they seemed to pay little attention to diplomatic etiquette. For example, lunch was also held in the conference hall. It is casual and does not affect communication.

"Why are the Americans so enthusiastic about cooperating with us to develop oil? It must be said that the cooperation between the two countries in the development of oil is promising and promising?" "I see that the US imperialists have some kind of conspiracy and trap in it?" "No way! They really want to cooperate with us!" Members of the delegation were somewhat surprised by the enthusiastic attitude of the US officials.After exchanging views, Sun Jingwen, Li Renjun, and Qin Wencai believed that it should be said that the attitude of the United States to cooperate with China in the oil field is positive. No matter what the purpose is, this information should be reported to the domestic high-level in a timely manner.

At 6:00 p.m., the Ministry of Energy hosted a banquet in honor of the Chinese Petroleum Corporation delegation at the White House.Minister Schlesinger was on a temporary business trip, so the banquet was hosted by Deputy Minister O'Reilly.The American host pays great attention to details. In the banquet hall of the White House, he specially chose the pictures of ladies from the Tang Dynasty and the screens of ancient landscape paintings, which made the Chinese delegation who traveled across the ocean feel at home. At the banquet, Deputy Minister O'Reilly delivered a welcome speech, again emphasizing and expressing the desire for US-China oil cooperation.The head of the delegation, Sun Jingwen, said some official words politely and somewhat ambiguously with the "calibre" that had been prepared in the country. "Training" is done.This is one of the disciplines that all officials who go abroad must abide by.

"We in China have been self-enclosed and blocked by others for many years. In the past, we have always emphasized self-reliance, so we really know very little about the outside world. After arriving in the United States, we found that the 'imperialists' were so enthusiastic, and at least they seemed to be It is indeed a little unexpected that they are very friendly to cooperate with us in the oil industry, and their enthusiasm and enthusiasm have made the string that has been tense in our hearts even tighter: Are they 'imperialists' again? Is there any conspiracy? Could it be that they want to do something in China? In fact, looking back at that period of history now, we realize that the Americans really wanted to cooperate with us sincerely, and of course their purpose was to dominate the world. The intention of imperialism is also that it wants to win over China and achieve its strategic goal of countering and containing the former Soviet Union by developing China... and we have correctly used this strategy of the United States under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of reform and opening up This intention has created a rare opportunity for the development of China's oil industry." Thirty years later, Qin Wencai, when looking back at that period of history, pointedly expressed the original intention of the Americans.

In the last 30 years of the 20th century, countries in the world have become more and more dependent on each other. Those countries that seek hegemony also feel that relying on a country's own capabilities is often unable to do what it wants. However, since the 1960s The initial struggle between the imperialist camp and the socialist camp has also become more intricate.We are among the enemies, and we are among the enemies. This was the basic pattern of the world situation at that time.After the first Middle East War, the Western powers represented by the United States obviously felt the pressure from the former Soviet Union—worrying that once the Soviet Union entered the Middle East and controlled oil resources, not only the United States’ intention to dominate the world would be completely destroyed, but even the United States itself would be destroyed. China's economy and national security will be threatened unprecedentedly.How to prevent the power of the Soviet Union and achieve the goal of containing the "polar bear", the Americans racked their brains, and finally thought of playing the "China card"-although China once made the Americans lose face in the Korean War, political and international In a relationship, there are never permanent enemies and permanent friends.

The 20th century is the century of oil, and oil is the most important weapon in international relations in this century.After World War II, the world entered the Cold War era.Oil has played the role of a hot weapon in this Cold War era.There are not many oil resources in the United States, and it is also the birthplace of the modern oil industry. It is a country with strong strength in oil exploration and oil technology.But the nature of imperialism determines its ambition to expand abroad.It is an important global strategy to control the world's major oil resources, especially the control of oil resources in the Middle East.Since the end of World War II, the United States has spent a lot of effort to cultivate its "brothers" in the Middle East, including Muslim countries like Iran.However, the results of the first Middle East War made Americans feel unprecedented worries—the infiltration of the Soviets into the Middle East changed the pattern of the United States dominating the Arab region, and with the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan and its alliance with Iraq, Even a Muslim country like Iran, once armed with US dollars, has begun to part ways with the Americans.Against such a background, the "Uncle Sam" in the United States is really worried. "Red China can be our temporary friend in the struggle with the Soviet Union." President Nixon said this in 1964.So after he came to power, he took many actions to be good to China: ended the Vietnam War, visited Beijing publicly in 1972, and extended his warm hands to Mao Zedong. After Nixon stepped down, the first director of the US Liaison Office in China sent by President Reagan to Beijing was Bush—later the president of the United States.This appointment by the US government is meaningful, but the Chinese at the time did not know it. The thin Bush, the Chinese didn’t know him in the past. In fact, this George Bush was an oil industrialist, and his political capital came from his successful development of the oil industry. The political history of the United States in the 20th century is itself a history of oil. development history.The Mobil oil empire founded by John D. Rockefeller was the driving force behind the United States becoming an economic power and dominating the world in the 20th century.Qin Wencai naturally did not know that when he became the deputy director of Yumen Oilfield, China's first oilfield, in 1958, there was already an oil company named "Zapata" in Texas on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.At that time, this company was really nothing among the many big-name oil companies in the United States.But the president of the "Zapata" company is an extraordinary person. He is active all day long between Texas and Wall Street in New York, conducting oil development transactions and investments one after another, and soon became the American oil empire. An important figure in China, but also accumulating power in the political circle.This person is none other than George Bush, the 41st President of the United States. "Welcome all friends from China to visit my home!" On the evening of the 8th, the delegation of the Chinese Petroleum Corporation arrived in Houston, the famous oil city in the United States. In my own home, entertain the Chinese delegation with a family banquet. "I know you are not very used to Western food, so I specially invited the chef of the Chinese restaurant to cook some Chinese dishes..." Bush has been in Beijing for several years, and he understands the living habits of the Chinese people very well. The way of acceptance warmly entertained the delegation of China Petroleum Corporation. "What we didn't expect at the time was that there would be two American presidents in this elegant and elegant oil house." Qin Wencai told me in an interview.He recalled that after the delegation arrived at Bush's home, the Bush couple first invited them to look at various photographic works Bush brought back from China, and then visited their farm.At the dinner, Bush made the following basic content: China-US oil cooperation has very broad and bright prospects.China's continental shelf is rich in oil resources, while the offshore oil exploration and development technology of the United States has always been at the forefront of the world.Therefore, I believe that the oil cooperation between the two countries will have a very good prospect. Although at that time everyone was not clear about the real intention of Americans being particularly enthusiastic about the oil development between the two countries, but Qin Wencai and the others felt that the words from Bush seemed to be more credible. "Because Bush has been quite friendly to China during his years in China." This is what everyone thinks, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs also evaluates this way. However, Qin Wencai and members of the delegation did not know much about Bush at the time.They only know that Bush was born in oil, and doing oil business is his specialty, but they don’t know that since the Nixon regime, the U.S. government has been secretly dominating the relationship with China because of the “oil issue”. After Zhou Enlai signed the "Shanghai Communiqué between China and the United States", Bush, an oil giant, was sent to China as the first "Director of the Liaison Office".And this Bush is also amazing. Not only did he return to the United States after completing the mission of the "China trip", he later became the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and later he became the president of the United States of America, and he personally provoked the fight for oil. The first "Iran-Iraq War".This is not over yet, his son—Bush Jr. later became the president of the United States of America, and targeted oil, and launched another "Desert Storm" in the Middle East—to send the disobedient Iraqi President Sarah Damm was thrown out of power, and today's Iraqi people are in dire straits-this is all a later story. Qin Wencai and his Chinese oil company delegation have the most frequent activities in Houston, where the American oil industry is concentrated and the birthplace of the American oil industry. Houston is in the state of Texas. On the morning of January 10, 1901, a man named Al Hamid desperately climbed up from the well he drilled on a small hill called Schindlertop here to tell his brother Kur Especially, when there was no oil in the well, a world-shocking explosion and angry roar were brewing.Suddenly, from 100 feet below the feet of the two brothers, a jet of black liquid jumped out of the well mouth like a giant dragon, sprayed straight into the air, hundreds of feet high, and then fell on the ground like black rain. Smash the drilling rig to pieces and sprinkle the red land of Texas... "Oil! We've found oil!" Brothers Hamid and Coulter ran around ecstatically holding the flowing black gold, pouring Their harvest was told to all Texans. Texas, which has never been favored by the United States, has since become the hottest place in the United States. Gold prospectors and bankers have flocked here. The most famous one is of course Mr. Rockefeller. The Mobil Oil Company he founded here not only changed the world. The American economy also changed the political status of the United States in the world, and at the same time announced the end of the coal era created by the British and the arrival of a new era of oil. The discovery of oil in Texas made the world what it is today in the twentieth century. All oil people in the world know Texas, but it is not easy to gain experience and technology here, especially in a capitalist country like the United States that is very hostile to communism.If it is pushed back a few years, it is simply incredible that the delegation of the Petroleum Corporation of the People's Republic of China can come here to study and visit.But now it is different. Now the Americans specially invite the delegation of the Chinese Petroleum Corporation to come here, and the enthusiasm is unimaginable. After the delegation arrives in Texas, they can see almost everything they want to see.Within four days, Qin Wencai and Sun Jingwen led the delegation to visit Houston Tool Company, Baker Company, Dresser Engineering Company, National Supply Company and Texas Instruments Company.Of course, the delegation will not miss the inspection of the world's largest oil company - Exxon Petroleum Company.This Exxon Petroleum Company is one of several major companies established after the Mobil Company was founded by Mr. Rockefeller and was later forcibly disbanded by the federal government.In the research center of Exxon Corporation, the president of the center not only warmly received the Chinese guests, but also invited Dr. Weir, an expert here, to introduce the latest geological research theory of their center—seismic stratigraphy.This new theory combines seismology, paleogeography, and paleontology, and develops into a brand-new theoretical discipline of geology. It uses the theory and viewpoint of seismostratigraphy to divide strata, ascertain geological structures, and combine geochemical methods. It is one of the most advanced oil prospecting technologies to study the activity trajectory of paleogeotemperature and paleomoisture, thereby judging the law of oil and gas generation, migration and storage, delineating favorable oil-bearing structural belts and making scientific estimates of prospective reserves. "It would be great if we learned this scientific theory!" Qin Wencai, Sun Jingwen, and Li Renjun whispered in private. "The theories I'm talking about are all in this book, it's called Seismostratigraphy..." Dr. Weir held up a thick book in English and said to the Chinese guests in a friendly manner. Looking at the book in Dr. Weir's hands, the CNPC people wished they could grab it for themselves... But diplomatic etiquette and the dignity of the Chinese made them suppress their inner emotions and impulses. "Come on, I'll give it to you as a gift—" Weier suddenly smiled and sent the book to the team leader Sun Jingwen. "Take it! Quickly pick it up!" A member of the delegation couldn't wait to speak in Chinese. "Wen Cai, you are the Secretary-General, you are here to receive this precious gift!" Sun Jingwen spoke.Qin Wencai hurriedly said "Hey" and stepped forward to take "Seismostratigraphy" from Weir. There was thunderous applause in the conference room. "This Yankee is actually not that bad!" Someone in the delegation said as they walked out of the Exxon Research Center.Then someone responded immediately: "You don't know that in the United States and the West, as a scientific research theory, it can be published publicly. Otherwise, why so many Americans have won the Nobel Prize!" "Yeah, we Chinese are actually not stupid. Why can't they win the Nobel Prize like Qian Xuesen? I think it's mainly because our cutting-edge scientists have always been working on technology incognito. When they have results, they won't let outsiders know who completed it. .It should be changed too. It's too closed!" "Don't talk nonsense! Be careful to go back and punish you..." So no one talks about it anymore.On the car back to the hotel, I saw Qin Wencai quietly confessing to the group member Min Yu: "Old Min, you are a geologist, this book is too precious, please keep it well, we will find someone to translate and publish it when we get back..." "Understood!" Min Yu took "Earthquake Stratigraphy" and held the book tightly in his arms. How much benefits a book of "Seismostratigraphy" and a scientific theory of seismic stratigraphy have brought to China's oil industry, perhaps no one has summed it up so far.But what I know is that among the newly discovered oil resources in China in the past 30 years, more than half of the technological breakthroughs are due to the credit of seismic stratigraphy theory.For example, the discovery process of Tangshan Nanbao Oilfield officially announced by the state in 2007 was that petroleum geological exploration experts used the theory of seismic stratigraphy to carry out the second 3D seismic technology in the old exploration area of ​​shallow beach, realizing the prospect of oil exploration. A major breakthrough was found in a large oil field of 2 billion tons equal to the initial reserves of Daqing Oilfield that year.Wen Jiabao said that the discovery of the Nanpu Oilfield made him "so excited that he couldn't sleep." The reason is that the application of the theory of seismic stratigraphy can make major breakthroughs in the vast old exploration areas of China's oilfields. Because of the great discovery of the Nanpu Oilfield, It was only realized in a small area of ​​just over 1,000 square kilometers. The Bohai Bay area where the Nanpu Oilfield is located alone has an area of ​​more than 200,000 square kilometers with the same geological structure as the Nanpu Oilfield. Then according to the same seismic stratigraphy If theory and technology are carried out, isn't there another huge leap in China's oil resource prospects?In fact, in addition to the benefits of using seismic stratigraphy in Nanpu Oilfield, China has already had great achievements such as new discoveries in Changqing Oilfield. The technological openness of American scientists has made us feel the significance of sharing the achievements of human knowledge.This is something.Now let us go back to that time in January 1978, and continue to follow the whereabouts of the Chinese Petroleum Corporation delegation—— "The world is developing so fast! It's unbelievable! Our technicians are still drawing with pens and rulers, and others are already using satellite remote sensing technology!" "No, we keep it quite secret, but they can even clearly capture the quotations from Chairman Mao on the sign at the gate of our Planning Commission. Alas, lagging behind! If you lag behind, you will really be beaten! If you are beaten, you don't know what it is How did you get beaten!" When American experts used projection technology, three-dimensional technology and remote sensing technology to introduce American technology to the delegation of China Petroleum Corporation, the real scenes and real images were displayed, especially the important photos of Beijing and China that American experts took through remote sensing technology. The moment the images of the base were displayed, the members of the delegation were dumbfounded: It turns out that their technology has advanced to this point!They don't need to go to China at all, they can already have a panoramic view of our so-called "secret" units... "This guy, if there is a fight, won't he hit one by one?" "No, we're still in the dark!" "It seems that what Comrade Xiaoping said is right: If you fall behind, you will be beaten!" "China really has to catch up, or it's going to be big trouble!" Seeing is believing, the members of the delegation felt the pressure in their hearts more and more as they watched. All of them were filled with the desire to strengthen the country. On the 14th and 15th, the delegation visited Exxon's Kaidi oil field and the US Aerospace Measurement and Control Center in Houston.The most memorable thing for Qin Wencai was the visit to Kaidi Oilfield: this is an oil and gas processing plant, but all members of the delegation thought they went to the wrong place. "Couldn't this be a park?" Someone looked at the clean and tidy factory area surrounded by flowers, quietly thinking about the answer. "It's really strange, there is no smell, and there is no noise at all!" "No, there are not many workers!" "Have you noticed? There isn't even a blowing torch here!" Qin Wencai searched around for a long time and asked Sun Jingwen. "I also find it strange. You ask what's going on..." Sun Jingwen, who has been engaged in petrochemicals for decades, is actually also puzzled. I only found out after asking the owner that they have adopted advanced light hydrocarbon recovery technology, so there is not a single "sky lantern" in the entire oil and gas processing plant area - Sinopec people like to call the bright torch a sky lantern. "We have to learn this technology back, which is not only environmentally friendly, but also saves a lot of resources." Qin Wencai suggested to colleagues in the delegation. There is so much to learn.The schedule was extremely tight: After arriving at Burket Mount, in order to learn more and see more things, Qin Wencai communicated with the host and decided that the delegation would be divided into two groups, Sun Jingwen led Group A, and Qin Wencai led Group B Group.Group B directly took a helicopter to visit the offshore drilling platform, while Group A stayed in the factory to visit the workshop. Qin Wencai and the others themselves did not know that their arrival caused a huge "earthquake" in the United States at that time, especially in the American oil industry.This is because the American oil industry has always been the locomotive leading the industry and economy of the United States. In a sense, the American oil industry is also the locomotive of the entire world economy.After the early 1970s, this country, which exported technology and equipment for huge profits, divided its oil industry strategy into two parts: one is the acquisition of oil resources; the other is oil exploration and development technology.In the former, the United States basically does not do much in the development of oil resources on its own soil, and mainly obtains them from overseas countries; in the latter, it exports a large amount, and even basically controls the technology and equipment for oil exploration and development around the world.To put it bluntly, it is to bring oil back from abroad for the use of all Americans and store it properly; Americans supply the world with technical equipment and earn enough money from others.Therefore, when businessmen in the oil industry saw their government open the door to cooperation with China, a dormant oriental giant, their desire to make money was instantly activated!So during the days when the Chinese oil company delegation visited the United States, every move of Qin Wencai and the others attracted the attention of all the businessmen in the oil industry in the United States, especially those big companies. They tried their best to get close to the Chinese delegation. Opportunities must be firmly grasped, even showing some excessive kitsch.In fact, for capitalists, this is nothing. If you don’t grab the money you get, you are a first-class fool!The logic of American behavior is very direct and simple, but also extremely persistent and naked. Maybe the Americans have figured out the intention of the delegation of the Chinese Petroleum Corporation, and know that this future oil power from the East is brewing a magnificent revolution in the oil industry, and there are various signs that the development of offshore oil will be a new direction for China's oil industry .Offshore oil development must require offshore oil drilling platforms.How could the owner of the Birktmount shipyard pass up a good business opportunity? "Chinese friends, in order to let you better understand the drilling platform produced by our factory, our boss decided to make an exception and invite you to visit our drilling platform equipment on the offshore site. Look, the helicopter is coming!" The owner suddenly told Qin Wencai and his party. "It won't be long, and it's guaranteed to be safe!" When Qin Wencai and the others were hesitating, the host warmly invited again. "Go, since they have brought the helicopters here!" Qin Wencai made a temporary decision.So the members of Group B delegation quickly boarded the special business plane of the Burquert Mount Shipyard and flew to the Gulf of Mexico... The famous Gulf of Mexico in the Americas is a mysterious and once extremely glorious place. The Indians once created the world-renowned Mayan culture here, and the Gulf of Mexico is also a world-famous area rich in oil resources. The modern offshore oil industry started here. developed to the present day worldwide.Everyone who is engaged in the oil industry knows this, so Qin Wencai and the others, as China's first oil industry delegation, naturally will not easily let go of such a learning opportunity. After the first oil well was developed in Yanchang Oilfield in 1907, China's onshore oil industry has undergone the efforts of several generations of scientists and engineers in the past 60 to 70 years, especially the oilfields of Karamay, Daqing and Shengli after the founding of New China. It is found that there has been considerable development, which not only frees China from the history of relying on oil imports, but fully meets the economic needs of self-development, but the offshore oil industry is still in a very early stage in China. Qin Wencai, who has served as the director of the Production Department of the Ministry of Petroleum for quite a long time, is very aware of the history of CNOOC, which can almost be compared with the history of "millet plus rifles" in the war years. In the 1960s and 1970s, we basically entered the era of "aircraft carrier". Being on the scene, Qin Wencai really felt the huge gap between China's industry and the Western world. On that day, when the members of the delegation walked out of the helicopter hatch and stepped onto the drilling platform parked in the ocean, they were all shocked by the situation in front of them-look at this "aircraft carrier" drilling platform, it is simply a sea the city that never sleeps.The high platform stands above the blue waves of the sea, at least a dozen stories high.When the drilling rig rotated, its roar shook the surrounding ocean, but standing on the platform, you didn't feel the earth shaking, on the contrary, it was stable and safe.The drilling platform like a stadium is not only a construction site, but also has various living facilities. Workers and technicians can live here for dozens of days, or even half a year without feeling bored... When Qin Wencai and the others arrived at the offshore platform, it was evening. Therefore, the drilling rig platforms on the sea seem to be like bright stars shining in the sky, reflecting each other in the sea, forming a mirage-like spectacle of the unity of heaven and earth, which is very spectacular and mysterious. It would be great if we also have such a "city that never sleeps on the sea"!Qin Wencai and other PetroChina employees lamented everything in front of them, thinking about the offshore oil industry in their own country—we are so backward!Being behind is not a few years or ten years, but decades or even hundreds of years... Qin Wencai felt a deep pain in his heart.Whenever an American oil expert asked "when did China's offshore oil search start and what level is it now", Qin Wencai and the members of the delegation immediately felt ashamed.Yes, when did our search for oil at sea start?What level is it now?No one can really answer that. About 3,000 years ago, our ancients had the legend of Jingwei and Nezha lighting a steamer on the sea.Qin Wencai and the others can only use this wonderful legend to fool the Americans. Oh?wonderful!Fantastic!The Americans were surprised when they heard this, and then laughed, which obviously contained a strong taste of ridicule. When they came to the Gulf of Mexico, the Americans told Qin Wencai and other Chinese counterparts that the United States successfully used a steel drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico in 1947 to drill the world's first offshore commercial oil well, and subsequently promoted offshore oil production. Industry took the world by storm. What were we doing in China in 1947?Qin Wencai thought: At that time, I was still fighting to the death with Hu Zongnan's Jiang army in southern Shanxi!The whole of China is in the midst of a bloody civil war... Who else is thinking about finding oil?Not to mention going to sea to find oil. "Since we drilled the first commercial oil well with a drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico in 1947, the world's offshore oil industry has developed faster than we imagined, especially after we successively discovered large offshore oil fields in the Persian Gulf in the Middle East. The impact of the oil industry can almost dominate the development and destiny of mankind like the results of World War I and World War II..." When Americans talk about the offshore oil industry they created, they are always elated and arrogant. When did China start searching for oil at sea?On the way to Birkett Mount that day, someone in the delegation asked such a question. "Alas, we are far behind!" At that time, head Sun Jingwen sighed heavily, and said, "I heard from Zhang Wenbin that when the Americans drill dozens of high-yield wells a year in the Gulf, our oceans are still at a disadvantage. In a wonderful fantasy! Renjun, am I right?" Sun Jingwen turned to Li Renjun. Li Renjun straightened his neck and said, "That's right. The first time I heard someone report that China's offshore oil was probably in 1956..." "1956 - it should not be too late!" Some people in the delegation heard the old minister Li Renjun's words, and they gathered around him with great interest and listened to him tell the "old legend" about China's sea oil search. "— "Want to hear? Then let me tell you. However, you may not have imagined that China's oil search at sea was not the earliest participation of people from the Ministry of Petroleum, but ordinary people!" Li Renjun said: "Wencai and the others know that our search for oil at sea first started from the South China Sea. There is a prominent 'horn' in the southwest of Hainan, where there are several scattered small villages, collectively called Yinggehai Fishing Village, which is far from the one in Sanya. 'The End of the World' is not far away, one or two hundred miles away. In 1956, the local garrison released a movie in that village. The name of the movie was "Baku on the Sea". Everyone knows that Baku is a famous oil field in the Soviet Union. This movie It tells the story of the Soviet Union discovering a large oil field on the sea. The people in Yingge Village became excited when they watched the movie, saying that we also have black oil bubbles on the surface of Yingge Sea! This is lively The words of the common people reached the cadres, and the cadres reported the news to the local salt field, and the salt field reported it to Guangdong Province and our newly established Ministry of Petroleum. We were very happy when we heard the news, and immediately reported to Liying The nearest saltworks in Gecun sent a letter, asking their exploration team to help us take oil and gas samples at sea. The saltworks took this matter very seriously, because at that time Chairman Mao had issued a call for people from all over the country to actively participate in mine reporting. So the salt field quickly found Wan Laidi, a local fisherman who is familiar with water, and went to the sea to dive in the bubbling sea. Wan Laidi didn't bring any equipment, but he wore a pair of waterproof goggles. On the bottom of the sea, he saw a hole in a rock There was oil and gas coming out, but it was very difficult to take a sample. The salt field exploration team finally thought of a way: they made a funnel by themselves, connected a leather tube to the funnel, and then buckled the funnel upside down on the place where the gas was coming out, so that the oil and gas flowed along the rubber The pipe went into the funnel... The samples of oil and gas seedlings were later sent to our department. After testing, it was confirmed that it was oil and gas. Everyone was very happy. Tang Ke, the director of the exploration department at the time, found the Sichuan Petroleum Administration Bureau, who was attending training at the Beijing Petroleum Institute Ma Jixiang, a geologist from the local government, entrusted him with the task of finding out the oil and gas in Yinggehai. The reason for looking for Ma Jixiang was that the Sichuan Bureau had experience in finding oil and gas. So after the Spring Festival, Ma Jixiang went to Yingge Village in the south. With the help of the navy, he completed the preliminary exploration of the oil and gas fields in Yinggehai. A few months later, he brought back the report to the ministry. The formation of the seabed cracks is 110-120 degrees, which is consistent with the outcrop on the coast; the gas collected is flammable, flame blue, and has the smell of hydrogen sulfide... This is typical oil and gas! Minister Li Jukui and Comrade Kang Shien are very excited. In 1958, Minister Yu Qiuli came. He quickly listened to Comrade Kang Shien's opinion and immediately decided to send a team of experts to Yinggehai to investigate. This matter hit it off with Governor Chen Yu of Guangdong Province, so our people immediately动身去了那边，同样取得了一些成果。这年秋天，正在北京石油学院任苏联专家组组长的苏联乌克兰利沃夫石油学院教授、地质系主任司那尔斯基来到了莺歌海，我们部里也派出了勘探司副司长崔振东、北京石油学院地质系主任张更和地质研究院余伯良等专家陪同。司那尔斯基一到莺歌海听当地百姓说，晚上能看见海上一种美丽奇观——幽暗的海面上会出现一片片如萤火虫儿般在翩翩起舞的景象，于是便要求去海上观景。在海上，司那尔斯基真的看到了大片大片的'萤火虫'——那'萤火虫'像海空流星一样，闪闪发光，还似乎能飞动。苏联教授兴奋地大叫：'太美妙！Fantastic! '司那尔斯基通过这次考察回来，作了一个令我们万分鼓舞的断言。他说：波斯湾和墨西哥湾是两个'石油极'，中国的南海也可能是另外一个'油极'。什么叫'油极'你们都知道，就是世界超大级油田！ " “后来我们在莺歌海打出大油田了没有？”代表团中几位在西北工作的同志迫不及待地问道。 李人俊摇摇头，瞅瞅孙敬文和秦文彩等人，颇为失望道：“后来我调到计委了，石油部的事就不太清楚了。” “秦司长，你说说，后来到底啥结果？莺歌海有没有大金娃娃嘛？”有人缠住秦文彩了。 秦文彩苦笑了一下，说：“如果在莺歌海抱到了大金娃娃，我们可能就不会来美国了……唉，可惜啊，我们也没那本事哟！” 这话，一下让团员们感到很泄气，再也没有人重提此事了。 其实秦文彩心里苦啊，前些年他从四川“牛棚”里出来，受命赴阿尔巴尼亚指挥了一场油井灭火战斗后，算是获得“解放”。后被余秋里留在北京，在当时的燃化部“油开组”任组长，参与了当时全国石油生产与规划的全过程，所以十分清楚中国海上找油的艰苦与辛酸历程。中国的南海、东海和渤海湾有油的事实早已在上世纪五六十年代时被我国自己的石油部门和地质部门所证实，但由于我们自己没有海上勘探石油的基本设备，其工作进展基本处在停顿状态。中国的海上石油勘探靠的啥设备？秦文彩知道。1960年，石油部在莺歌海打的第一口海上勘探井叫“英冲井”，用的竟是一艘方驳船装上陆地用的那种最简陋的“三角井架”打的一口井，该井水深15米、捞得原油150公斤。这就是被石油人戏称的“中国海洋石油第一吻”。1964年，在石油部和广东省及南海海军的共同努力下，用两个500吨浮筒作基础，上面连接钢架制成的一个宽17米、长22米的平台，这就是中国的“南海一号”。它后来打的“海一井”，就是中国人第一次用自己设计的海上钻井平台，第一次按照严格的科学程序进行的海上石油勘探。康世恩后来常说的“中国海洋石油靠的是两个筒筒起家”，指的就是这个。南海石油勘探后来一直延续进行着，但因南边的战事连绵不断，加上我国的海上勘探设备和调查装备都不能适应海洋石油勘探的特殊性，所以一直到“文革”结束时，整个中国海洋石油事业仍没什么进展。 在另一个海域——渤海湾的情况与南边海洋勘探的进展相差无几。一句话：中国的海洋石油勘探设备太差，根本无法实现大的突破。甚至有外国专家断定：中国即使能在大陆上找到大庆这样的世界级油田，而海上找油则还需要沉默一个世纪。 one century?秦文彩和中国石油人以前听人说这样的话时，会有种愤怒和不服气的感觉。可现在当他们站在墨西哥海湾的现代化钻井平台，看着灯火辉煌、如梦如幻的异国“海上石油城”时，他们内心的震撼远远超过了原先的想象：是啊，中国的海洋石油技术和装备真的同先进国家差距太大了，这差距或许不到百年，但至少也有50年、80年啊！ 秦文彩的心头有些隐痛，同时又有几分庆幸：党和政府终于让我们出来看一看这个外面的世界了！ 只有认识世界，才能改造世界。这是毛主席说的。 “小心！”突然，一阵强劲的海风在墨西哥湾卷起，钻井平台上顿时听到骇人的呼啸声。“快进舱内去——”有人在大声喊着。秦文彩等中国代表团成员迅速被引到风平浪静、气暖融融的舱室。当秦文彩隔着玻璃窗口再回头向大海看去时，除了掀天的巨浪外，什么都看不到…… “好可怕！看来今晚不能与孙团长他们会合了！”代表团中有人颇为忧心地对秦文彩说。 “十分抱歉，没想到天气会变化得这么快！”美国客人觉得很过意不去。 秦文彩连声说“没关系”，其实他内心巴不得有这样千载难逢的机会——有一夜的时间在人家的海上平台，也许终生受益。“李先念副总理不是让我们出来学点真东西吗？既来之，则安之。”秦文彩对几位团员说。 “老秦，风浪太大，大伙儿实在受不了了……”有个团员一边拍着胸口，一边艰难地走到秦文彩面前说。 秦文彩笑了，忙说：“大伙儿都是第一次到海上，晕船肯定难免，你们就好好休息去吧。” "how about you?" “我？哈哈，放心，两三个月前我在渤海湾经历的那场风暴不比这弱！”秦文彩轻描淡写地说了句。 “是啊，老秦是海上的老把式了，我们哪儿能跟他比？”大家一个个甘拜下风地离开秦文彩，迅速到了主人安排的休息室，苦熬着痛苦的一夜……那一夜，确实可怕，就连“老把式”秦文彩都觉得有点恐怖——巨大的钻井平台，在飓风和海浪的折腾下，不时发出“咝啦——咝啦——”的响声。 “走，我们去找船长聊聊。”秦文彩对翻译姜顺源说，随后他们一起来到钻井船的餐厅。 “欢迎欢迎！”船长见中国朋友要跟他聊天，格外高兴。他对秦文彩能够适应海上钻井台的飓风感到有些意外：“你的同事们都倒下了，可唯独阁下平安无事，了不起啊！” 翻译告诉船长，秦是中国很出名的石油系统的领导干部、同时也是钻井现场的灭火专家、指挥和经历过海上抢险战斗时，老船长立即竖起拇指连夸：“OK！” 秦文彩谦和地摆手，说：“中国的海洋石油工作基本上处在刚刚起步阶段，要好好向你、向你们美国学习。” “其实海洋石油勘探，从地质工程上讲，跟陆上差不了多少，可海上的钻探施工难度就要大得多了！你看，我们这么大的钻井平台，一旦遇上风浪，就像一只竹篮子漂荡在海中，说不准就会被冲倒、冲垮……”船长的年岁其实比秦文彩小不少，也就是四五十岁，但从他一脸深深的皱纹和那张黝黑的脸庞上所显露的自信，可以看出是位多年与墨西哥湾的海浪厮杀过的“老把式”了。 秦文彩一边听老船长聊着墨西哥湾的种种传说和石油开采的往事，一边不由想起自己在渤海湾的那一次海上经历—— 这是1972年秋天的事。有一天秦文彩突然接到部里的指令——他已经习惯于这种突然的指令，早在川中担任矿务局局长时指挥过那场特大的扑灭井喷事故后，他竟然意外地成了石油部的“灭火专家”，哪里一出现井喷一类的事故，“找秦文彩”差不多成了石油部上下的一句专用语！这次秦文彩接受的任务不一样，是因为井喷发生在海洋里作业的钻井平台上，而这一次抢险也让秦文彩知道了海洋钻井平台和海洋打井是怎么回事。 那次井喷事故是我国自行研制的第一台海洋钻井平台——“渤海一号”，在渤海湾“渤井17号”施工时突然出现的。当时平台上有六七名石油职工，加上“渤海一号”钻井平台本身设计上的缺陷，井喷后舱内迅速囤积了大量海水……在石油人的生命和国家财产面临一场浩劫的紧急关头，秦文彩又被调来指挥这场特殊的海上灭火战斗。 This is how to do?当秦文彩乘着一艘油水运输船火速赶到大海中的钻井平台时，他心头不由得一阵紧张：如烈马呼啸的油气，挟带着泥浆，喷射半空，然而又如雹子般倾盆而下，溅打在平台的甲板上。钢铁的甲板和钻杆，此刻犹如橡皮软面一样，发出阵阵尖利的咆哮……眼看着几十名被困的石油战友处在生死关头和国家财产面临最危急的时刻，秦文彩的心顿时悬了起来——海上制压井喷远比陆地要困难和复杂得多！ 先不说从何处下手，仅在准备灭火的油水船上颠簸一天就够受的了。俗话说：海上无风三尺浪。第一次出海，秦文彩感觉自己的双脚就是不听指挥，船来回一摇摆，五脏六腑就跟着翻跟斗……那难受劲儿使你只有一个想法：吐！直想把肠子吐个精光。 经过数小时的拼搏，油水船总算靠近钻井平台。可当秦文彩探头往钻井平台一看，他一下傻了：整个钻井平台被裹在黑色世界里——黑雨、黑浆、黑雾……而且从地底下呼啸而出的井喷仍在不停地加剧这黑色世界！ 厚厚的油污将平台的每一寸地方都粘得又腻又滑。钻井队长好不容易将秦文彩从船上拉到平台，结果稍一松手，就滑了个四脚朝天，好在他早已里外上下成了“非洲人”，所以再摔几跤也无异样。 “那一场井喷，我们用了七天七夜才控制住……中间到底想了多少法子，连我自己都记不住了。总之能想到的和没有想到的，啥法子都用上了，还算我运气好，最后几十名平台上的职工得到了安全转移，'渤海一号'钻井平台保住了。”秦文彩平静地告诉我。 也许正是这次特殊经历，秦文彩此次在墨西哥湾能够意外地与世界上最先进的海上钻井平台的老船长聊天，显得格外专心—— “海上钻井，是不是最怕大风？” “当然。我们也怕风，墨西哥湾的海风一旦吹起来，就像烈马一样，难以驯服。”老船长与秦文彩一问一答。 “如果飓风来了，平台又无法抵御时，你们怎么办？”这是秦文彩最为关心的。当时“渤海一号”的成功救险，某种意义上讲是靠了老天帮忙——几天后海风平静了。现场指挥的秦文彩比谁都清楚：如果那次飓风不停，他秦文彩再有能耐，也无法实现“人定胜天”的结果。可那时上级的命令非常清楚：人不死，井喷要压住，钻井平台要保住！在那七天七夜的激战中，多少次秦文彩心想，除非老天保佑，否则不可能人、井、机三样都保下来。最后确实是老天保佑了他。 “我相信，一旦遇上大风，墨西哥湾的上帝也不会保佑你们的。”秦文彩想弄明白美国人是如何来实现事故过程中的人、井、机三保的。 船长耸耸肩，双手一摊：“这很简单，我们不会有这样的问题。大风来了，我们停止作业，撤人！” “撤人？”秦文彩心中顿时冒出一个“国家财产怎么办”的念头，喔，他们的财产是资本家的，可资本家也不会不珍惜这价值一两亿的钻井平台呀！“那……井台怎么办？”他的眼睛盯着比自己年轻的船长。 “船嘛，当然是交给上帝了！”船长一脸轻松地回答道，好像井台与他毫无关系。 “美国和西方的石油公司都是采取股份开采石油的，他们的设备也都是投了保险的，一旦井船发生沉没事故，其损失完全由保险公司承担，业主根本不用担心什么。”翻译悄悄向秦文彩解释道。 I see!可、可我们一直奉行的是“人在，设备在”啊！结果一旦遇上不可抵御的自然灾害时，通常人也没保住，设备更不用说了，统统去见上帝了……中国和西方在经营制度与管理理念上的差异，真可谓天壤之别啊！ “过去我们从不提以人为本的思想，其实从这一次夜访西方石油公司的船长后，我的思想上深深地烙上了搞石油、尤其是搞海上石油，必须坚持以人为本的思想。”我在采访秦文彩时，老部长反复讲了这句话。他同时也一再感叹如今以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央提出的以人为本的治国理念之英明正确。 墨西哥湾的那晚，船长见秦文彩对西方海上勘探的这种“三方责任”管理模式特别感兴趣，于是便进而介绍道：他们所属的钻井公司，作为一个专门从事钻井作业的承包商，主要为石油公司提供钻井作业服务。至于其他相关作业的支持保证，则由多家不同的专业承包公司来完成。合同是唯一联结各个专业服务公司的纽带。这其中，合同就是法则，就是作业的最高指令、管理目标与作业标准。效益则是石油公司以及相关专业承包商追求的终极目标。 I see!秦文彩猛然感到自己国家多年来在石油勘探和管理上一些经常无法回避的问题和没有效益的症结，墨西哥湾的海洋上一下找到了“通道”！ 这就是资本主义的先进管理机制？这样的管理机制为什么不能为我社会主义事业服务呢？难道先进的东西不属于全人类的文明范畴？秦文彩的脑子搅成一团糨糊…… 船长继续说着：“我们的井是石油公司投资的，钻井船和钻井队是承包商雇来的。不仅如此，钻井工程设计、技术服务、海上配餐，都有不同的承包商。” 这承包商这么厉害啊？他们能包起那么多事来？在我们中国，倡导的是一盘棋思想，而且是天经地义的运作方式，并且认为这是最出力量、最出效益的“法宝”！我们不是常说，石油工业，钻井就是龙头，地质研究、材料供应、后勤保证必须围着钻机转！各行各业都要拧成一股绳，心往一处想，劲往一处使才能生产出“社会主义效益”吗？这、这资本主义却采取分而治之，怎么比社会主义的一盘棋更出效益呢？ 秦文彩有些百思不得其解。 “其实我们的石油公司和承包商都是有严格的合同的，承包商要是没有按照合同履行，业主都可拒付承包费或处罚承包商。因此承包商都会千方百计按时按质做好工作，不用你催促和一遍遍地检查，他们不敢怠慢，怠慢了就是自己砸自己的饭碗！”船长娓娓道来。秦文彩听得如痴如醉，有时甚至还不敢相信是脚踏在墨西哥海湾。在中国石油战线工作了许多年，尤其是在“油开组”任职的那些年里，他秦文彩对中国石油开发与勘探过程及管理方法了如指掌，中国的以生产调度为中心、以石油钻井为龙头的习惯做法，早已成为一种传统经验和不可动摇的工作制度。而这一天一个西方世界的石油钻井船船长的话，让他内心卷起了滔天巨浪——这对过去留存在自己内心的那些自认为完整和成熟的“红色经典”，顷刻间出现了动摇与疑问……太不可思议了！大千世界，路路通天堂，可走的方式则完全不一样啊！ 邓小平同志在科学大会上说的“认识落后，才能去改变落后。学习先进，才有可能赶超先进”，是不是就是我们这次出国访美的一个针对性话题？秦文彩心头的疑团渐渐有些明朗起来……难怪中央对“中国石油公司代表团”访美如此重视！李先念同志一再指示说，“应派懂得的同志去，真学点东西”！ 墨西哥湾的一夜海风，让秦文彩获得的意外收获非代表团正常安排中所能学到、听到和看得到的。美国石油公司经营海洋石油开发的理念、模式、体制，甚至包括工人在钻井平台的倒班休息、吃喝玩乐……总之，一切的一切，对秦文彩这位日后执掌中国海洋石油工业船舵的“中海油”老总来说，意义可谓太大了！ “文彩，你们没事吧？这一夜可把我们急死了！”第二天，当秦文彩带着乙组的代表团成员，从直升机上回到岸头时，身材高大的孙敬文双手抱住他便问。 “没事呀，海上风太大，我们就在船上住了一夜……这不，我们全都平安归队！”满载而归的秦文彩心里高兴，根本没有体会到团长孙敬文这一夜是怎么度过的。那会儿出国，别说在美国，就是在“兄弟”的社会主义国家，如果你单独行动一两个小时，弄不好就可能是很大的“政治问题”。 18日，中国石油公司代表团到达路易斯安那州的威尼斯市。这一天，美国另一个著名的石油公司——海湾公司邀请秦文彩他们到海上采油平台参观。 这是中国石油人第一次看到国际现代化近海石油勘探开发作业方式：在一片开阔的滩涂地上，一座座高耸云端的井架倒影在碧波荡漾的海面上，这里的油田施工，完全与中国石油人想象的不一样，其入口处是一条人工开挖出的小运河，再在预定的钻井处挖一个同钻井船一样大小的水池，靠水的浮力把钻井船和钻井设备拉到井位，钻井船则坐在水池的基底上就可以打井。不用插桩和打桩，打完一口井，再把钻井船从人工运河内拖出来。“这方法经济又安全，完全可以用在我们的北部湾和渤海湾的浅滩上。”秦文彩用手捅了捅邓礼让，问他行不行？“好方法！回去我们就试！”邓礼让连连点头。 19日，代表团再次分成两组，目的就是为了利用有限的时间多学点东西。这一天孙敬文带领的甲组到达拉斯，参观考察美国国民供应公司的钻机配套制造厂、核实验室、岩芯实验室以及埃克森石油公司的得州东部油田。秦文彩继续领着乙组成员，乘飞机到了巴特斯维尔，接待他们的是菲利普斯石油公司。总裁杜斯先生亲自设宴招待中国客人，对中国同行做出非常友好的欢迎。菲利普斯石油公司是美国“石油七姐妹”之一，在石油勘探技术方面一直处于世界领先地位。主人邀请秦文彩他们参观了公司的研究中心。该公司所拥有的先进的遥感遥测技术，不亚于前几日《地震地层学》对中国石油人的震撼。秦文彩对这项先进的技术更是兴致勃勃，因为他长期在四川找油，对复杂的地质情况，如果运用上遥感遥测技术，地下情况的准确判断就完全不是中国找油人那种“瞎摸瞎撞”！ “遥感遥测资料运用的是卫星航拍技术，它可以将地球上的任何物体看得一清二楚。看，这是你们的北京……再放一个局部，你们看清了，那是什么地方？”公司技术人员一边放着幻灯，一边问秦文彩他们。 “这不是我们三里河的计委大楼嘛！”代表团成员中有人发出惊呼。 “对。你们再看看，这是什么？是你们的故宫！是故宫的大门……”美国人在炫耀他们的技术。而让中国人感到吃惊的是：人家竟然能通过这样的遥感技术，连我们伟大祖国心脏中一向认为是最保密的地方都能看得清清楚楚！当时秦文彩和中国石油公司代表团的同志心里非常清楚一点：美国人怕激怒中国人，所以有意将卫星航拍下的中南海照片没有放出来…… 现代科学技术太了不得啦！世界都变小了！ 可不是，人家早已连我们的部长和主席开什么车都能看得明明白白了，我们还一直以为啥都得死保密呢！ 简直是自欺欺人！ 代表团从菲利普斯公司出来后的一路上，许多人沉默了……秦文彩知道，大家内心受到的震动和刺激太大了。中国确实落后了！落后了不是一截，而是一大截！ “怎么样，几天下来，有所收获吧？”1月28日，中国石油公司代表团再次被主人领进华盛顿的白宫内。明显带着几分得意和傲慢的美国能源部长施莱辛格叼着吸雪茄的大烟斗，出现在罗斯福厅内。他向中国客人询问着，随后又鼓吹了一通美国石油技术如何如何有实力和他们十分愿意给予中国石油同行的合作帮助之类的话。这一幕，秦文彩印象深刻。 “听说这位能源部长以前做过美国的国防部长？”闵豫悄声问秦文彩。 秦文彩点点头。 “这美国佬让国防部长来当能源部长，其用心不一般哪！”闵豫的眼珠子直盯着满脸含笑的施莱辛格，不轻不重地私语道。 还用说，人家把能源当作称霸世界的核心武器嘛！秦文彩心里补了一句。 当晚，中国驻美联络处宴请了自己国家的石油代表团。 “……美国一些大石油公司为什么积极地和我们拉关系呢？我们初步分析，可能有三个原因：一是他们估计八十年代苏联将由石油输出国变成输入国，美苏争夺石油的斗争将会越来越激烈；二是美国油源紧张，去年生产原油4.6亿吨，却消耗了9.2亿吨，预计今后消耗量还要增加，极力想稳定国际油价并寻找油源；三是美国经济萧条，一些大公司急于为他们的技术、设备、资金找出路。 我们回国后，经过研究，认为在坚持独立自主、自力更生的原则下，以平等互利的贸易方式，直接和美国一些石油公司在勘探开发方面建立商务关系，利用他们的技术和设备，加快我们的石油发展，对我们是有利的。但不能采用他们对巴西的方法。我们的具体意见是： 一是为了加快海上石油勘探和开发，建议和美国的石油公司按我方条件进行接触。我们的条件是：在我确定的海域内，雇用他们的技术人员，由他们供应设备、材料，提供技术，进行勘探开发，所需费用按低利延期付款办法偿还。我们可以用一部分原油，按还款时的国际价格作价支付。 二是为了加快新疆南部油田、青海柴达木油田的勘探开发，需要从国外引进勘探、钻井、采油和运输的全套设备和器材。为了尽快地建成四川年产300亿立方米天然气的生产能力，要从美国引进集气站、压气站和气体处理厂的成套设备。为了加快大庆油田地面集输流程的改造，为30万吨乙烯提供原料，需要从美国引进原油稳定和气体深冷分离的全套设备。 以上报告，请中央领导们审议、指示。 “……我的汇报完了。” 孙部长汇报完啦？秦文彩的精神一激灵，连忙直起身子，将思绪一下拉回到了人民大会堂。他抖了抖精神，伸长脖子往主席台看去…… “人俊同志有没有补充啊！”华国锋在说话。 “有。我补充几句。”李人俊说话了。