Chapter 3 Chapter 1 The real Wenzhou and the fake Wenzhou turned out to be Taizhou...
Even I find it unbelievable: before I went to Taizhou for the first time for an interview two years ago, I didn’t even know there was a prefecture-level city called “Taizhou” in China.When buying a plane ticket, the waiter checked for me for a long time before telling me: only to Huangyan Airport, it seems that Taizhou is near Huangyan.Finally, a phone call was made to the comrades of the Taizhou Municipal Party Committee to find out that Huangyan Airport is located in the urban area of Taizhou.But why is it called Huangyan Airport instead of Taizhou Airport?After arriving in Taizhou, I asked local officials, and they told me with wry smiles: When the airport was being built, the administrator of the national civil aviation department said that people at home and abroad knew Huangyan, because Huangyan tangerines were famous, but no one in Taizhou knew it. Will affect the "social benefits" of civil aviation.People in Taizhou couldn't laugh or cry, so they had to admit it.
Where is Taizhou?
For thousands of years, we have not been able to find it on the map, and we still cannot find a city like Taizhou on the map of China ten years ago.Even today, when many economic indicators in Taizhou have surpassed those in Wenzhou, when many Taizhou people introduce their hometown to outsiders, they will still intentionally or unintentionally add: "We are right next to Wenzhou..."
Hey, this Taizhou!
However, when I arrived in Taizhou, I realized that this place is so great that if anyone underestimates it, it is tantamount to making a serious mistake!A serious reality mistake!
Over the long years, Taizhou was simply an independent mountain country completely surrounded by mountains and seas due to its geographical isolation.
There are historical records: Xie Lingyun, a great poet of the Southern Dynasties, served as the prefect of Yongjia in July of the third year of Yongchu (AD 422). Burning the forest all the way is "walking three miles a day".Because Xie Lingyun and the others cut and burned the forest all the way, the local Taizhou officials thought it was bandits causing trouble, and sent troops to stop it, making a joke.
There are still many "historical jokes" caused by Taizhou's inconvenient transportation, which were still circulated even in the 1980s in the late 20th century.Prior to this in 1958, Taizhou had built a highway to communicate with the outside world, but drivers had always been extremely afraid of walking because they had climbed the Daguo Cangshan Mountain and other mountains that Li Bai exclaimed as high as "48,000 feet".When the weather is fine, go to the provincial capital. If you leave in the dark, you can arrive at the West Lake at night.In case of rain and snow, no one dares to travel due to the dangerous mountain road.Otherwise, once the car is on the way, once it is stopped by a dangerous situation, it will not work, and it will be difficult to save your life.When it rains, it is common for roads to be blocked for a few days.
In the early days of reform and opening up, a group of guests from the provincial capital were blocked on Maoli Mountain in dozens of buses and could not go down the mountain for several days. All the food in our house was eaten up.
In the early 1980s, the Secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee was on his way back to Taizhou for inspection work, but was blocked in Taizhou and could not move.At this time, there was an urgent matter in the provincial capital to urge Comrade Secretary to go back to Hangzhou, but there was no other way. The Taizhou Prefectural Committee at that time had to order several counties along the way to organize hundreds of basic militiamen to go up the mountain to shovel snow to clear the way, so that the Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee could return to the province. city.Later, when people from all over the Zhejiang provincial government came to Taizhou, others would ask half-truths and half-false concerns: Have you prepared the basic militia to accompany you?
Taizhou faces the sea in the east. In the backward era, the surging sea became another barrier to prevent Taizhou from communicating with the outside world. However, pirates and Japanese pirates often harassed the coastal people, causing everyone to panic and move back or flee.In the early Qing Dynasty, Taizhou became an important base for Zhang Huangyan and Zheng Chenggong to fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty.The Qing government implemented the policy of fortifying the walls and clearing the wilderness to evacuate all the residents in the interior of the 30 miles along the coast, and prohibited the slabs from entering the sea. Taizhou once again became a barren place isolated from the world.
From the perspective of historical administrative evolution, Taizhou is a place that flickers, lives or dies.There were human activities in Taizhou in the Neolithic Age. Taizhou was officially named for the first time in the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu Wude of Tang Dynasty (AD 622). In the first year of Ming Taizu Hongwu (AD 1368), Taizhou was established as the state capital, under the jurisdiction of Linhai and Huangyan. 6 counties, Wenling, Tiantai, Xianju, and Ninghai; the Qing Dynasty also basically followed this system, but it was not recognized by the world because of "Taizhou's land is wide and the sea is dark, the clouds and water are long, and the island is green" (Du Fu's poem) Remember and be familiar with.In the history of Taizhou, apart from the glory and economic prosperity of the "auxiliary county" close to the national political center when Lin'an (now Hangzhou) was established as the capital in the Southern Song Dynasty, most of the time it was regarded as a place where the court sent criminals to relegation .There are many historical facts that high officials, scholars and literati of the Tang Dynasty were relegated to live in Taizhou.For example, the prime minister Laiji during the reign of Emperor Gaozong was demoted to Taizhou governor; the great poet Luo Binwang, one of the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty, was demoted to the prime minister of Linhai County in the first year of Yonglong (AD 680); Qian, in the first year of Qianyuan (758 AD), was demoted to Taizhou as a Sihu to join the military and other events.However, it is precisely because so many great figures in history were demoted to Taizhou that these generals who disobeyed the imperial court can display their talents in another way on this land and spread them among the general public. Rooted in every inch of mountains and rivers in Taizhou.King Luo Bin, a genius child prodigy who was able to write shocking poems at the age of 7, even after being demoted to Qipin County, a county in Taizhou, still acted as the drafter of the crusade against Wu Zetian. Family is the world" is still well-recited by people.Dr. Zheng Qian of Guangwen, who had a bad life, was relegated to Taizhou. It took him three months to walk 4,000 miles from Chang'an to Taizhou. , set up a museum and start a school.Zheng Qian gave lectures in person, which revitalized the style of study in Taizhou, and there was a grand occasion in the school where "students and apprentices gathered, and there was no room for sitting".Zheng Qian’s legacy of running schools and emphasizing education has been affecting Taizhou to this day...
In the feudal dynasty that lasted for more than a thousand years, Taizhou has always been regarded as a place where officials were demoted and exiled by the imperial court. In addition, these demoted officials and scholars often rose up to rebel against the imperial court. The place.I don’t know which dynasty left the rules. Taizhou, which governs 6 counties, has not had a central city of “Taizhou” in the history of setting up counties and states for more than a thousand years!This is not the case in other counties.For example, Suzhou, after the establishment of the prefecture and the establishment of the county, there was Suzhou City. In the following thousands of years, the development and ups and downs of Suzhou have not been separated from the construction and growth of the central city.Ningbo and Wenzhou, Taizhou's neighbors, can develop into coastal cities that are second only to famous cities such as Hangzhou in scale in the early days of liberation.Especially like Ningbo, since the Sino-British "Nanjing Treaty" in the 19th century, it has become a famous port at home and abroad, and its development has never been separated from the central city of Ningbo.Therefore, at the beginning of the 20th century, its scale and level of economic development were at the forefront of major cities along the southeast coast, and it developed into a large oriental port along with Shanghai across the Hangzhou Bay.Even if we see the big Shanghai today, without the participation of "Ningbo Bang" and continuous blood transfusion, it will definitely not be a big weapon.In contrast, the fate of Taizhou is so pitiful that even the people of Taizhou themselves have never been able to understand why in the long history of thousands of years, the 800-kilometer-long mainland coastline in the vast area of "Taizhou Six Counties" Didn't form a central city with a little scale and influence?
Asking the old history, the feudal rulers thought Taizhou was a place of relegation. They didn't want to make Taizhou a central city with unity and symbolic significance. .Even in New China, Taizhou still has a long history of 35 years without a central city.Until August 22, 1994, the State Council approved the abolition of Taizhou area and county-level Huangyan City and Jiaojiang City, and the establishment of prefecture-level Taizhou City. The two county-level cities of Jiaojiang and Huangyan were merged into the current central city of Taizhou. Huangyan, Luqiao 3 districts and Linhai, Wenling 2 cities and Yuhuan, Tiantai, Xianju, Sanmen 4 counties.The Municipal People's Government is stationed in Jiaojiang District... So far, Taizhou City has ended the history of having a state (city) without a city.
China's private economy originated in Taizhou, which has long been recognized by scholars who study the "Zhejiang phenomenon". However, in the impression of ordinary people, Wenzhou people seem to be the first to start China's private economy.As mentioned above, Taizhou in history was a place of relegation, and those who entered and exited there were unwilling to say that they came from Taizhou or came from Taizhou.So in the 1970s and 1980s, when Taizhou people and Wenzhou people traveled all over the country with shoe mending machines, they deliberately concealed their ancestral origins, saying that they were from Wenzhou——Wenzhou people fear nothing and die. Not afraid of fame.There is only one reason why Taizhou people are so humble:
Outsiders do not know that there is Taizhou in China, but Wenzhou is familiar to everyone, and it is also a place that can be seen on the map.
As time went on, it became a habit, and even Taizhou people themselves were reluctant to say that they were from Taizhou. In addition, Wenzhou people became more and more famous later on. easy to do.In this way, for many years since the reform and opening up, almost all Taizhou people call themselves "Wenzhou people"-this sense of honor and disgrace has been suppressed in the hearts of Taizhou people for a long time, and it is also very painful and helpless.
Because of their unique geographical and historical reasons, Taizhou people have long been neglected, unfamiliar, and marginalized by the outside world...
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, almost all Chinese cities and regions have followed the Republic to strive for prosperity, and a large number of old and new cities have either rejuvenated or sprung up in such efforts.It stands to reason that Taizhou, which has a thousand-year history, should rise rapidly and be familiar with them like them.However, because Taizhou is located on the front line of coastal defense adjacent to Taiwan, it is strictly excluded from the overall pattern of large-scale construction, and it is sitting helplessly in the golden opportunity for great development...
The last battle between Chiang Kai-shek's army and the mainland People's Liberation Army was on Dachen Island in Taizhou in 1955.The result of the battle was naturally that our army won a complete victory, but Taizhou has since become the forefront of the Taiwan Kuomintang's counterattack to the mainland.
Our army regards Taizhou as the best coastal defense theater for "letting it in, closing the door and beating dogs".From the 1950s to the 1960s and even until the early 1970s, Taizhou has been at the front line of such preparations.The first task of the local party and government organs and the people is to support the front line and prepare for war.There is a movie called "Donghai Female Militia", which is a feature film based on the deeds of a group of female militiamen guarding the coastal defense line in Shitang Town, Wenling, Taizhou. When the author went to Shitang Town for an interview in 2006, I made a special trip to this female militia post and met the seven female militiamen guarding borders and coastal defense today.
Because it is the front line of coastal defense, the 156 key projects aided by the Soviet Union in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of my country naturally did not have a share in Taizhou. Even if the general large and medium-sized projects arranged by the state and the province, no one would dare to put them in Taizhou.According to statistics, in the more than 30 years from the founding of New China to the reform and opening up, the total construction investment of the state in Taizhou was less than 500 million yuan, and these investments were mainly invested in agriculture and water conservancy projects. It is the only power plant in Taizhou.Compared with the construction funds invested by the state in neighboring Ningbo and Wenzhou, the Taizhou people are really pitiful and pathetic, just like a wild child who has never had mother's milk, and its growth experience has a taste of self-destruction.And this just gave Taizhou people a spirit of self-improvement that is courageous and never seeks.This is something.
Regardless of whether there is no economic investment or less investment, the most unbearable and humiliating thing for Taizhou people is that in the first ten years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the regional administrative divisions were revoked twice. The first time was in 1954, and the second time was In 1958, the revoked county-level units of Taizhou were either assigned to Ningbo or Wenzhou.It was not until 1962, when Taiwan's Chiang Kai-shek frantically clamored to "counterattack the mainland", considering the needs of the military situation, that Taizhou re-established a special zone again.After the re-establishment, Taizhou undertook special missions on the front line of coastal defense for a long time.Therefore, due to many "military secrets" and "military important places", Taizhou has always been an unknown place.
There is another reason why Taizhou is not conducive to the spread of fame. Its pronunciation of place names is not suitable for Chinese people to understand.Isn't Taizhou Taizhou the word "Taiwan" in Taiwan?No.I didn't know until I arrived in Taizhou that the word "tai" in Taizhou is not pronounced "tai", but pronounced "tai", and its sound is the same as the fetal character for "fetus".The real pronunciation of Taizhou is the same as that of Taizhou in Jiangsu, so in the past, apart from the geographical remoteness and wildness of Taizhou, many people thought it was Taizhou in Jiangsu when they heard "Taizhou".In short, Taizhou's reputation suffers from the influence of various objective factors such as history, geography, and pronunciation.
There is a high mountain in Taizhou, called Tiantai Mountain, and the word "Taiwan" is named after this mountain.
Winding along the coast of the East China Sea, Tiantai Mountain has always been valued by Buddhist circles for its gorgeous appearance and unique geographical reasons that it is clearly adjacent to the sea and almost isolated from the world.For hundreds of years from the Han, Jin to Tang and Song Dynasties, Mount Tiantai was highly regarded and respected by Buddhist circles for its ancient, beautiful, peculiar and quiet natural "Buddha nature".In particular, Tiantai Sect, the first sect of Sinicized Buddhism founded by the eminent monk Zhizhi from Chen to Sui in the Southern Dynasties, made Tiantai Mountain a holy place of ancient Chinese Buddhism.The Tiantai sect has been glorious and handed down for a long time in history, especially its role in the influence and spread of Japanese and Korean religions is critical and decisive.In today's Japan and South Korea, the "Tiantai Sect"'s Buddhism and the number of disciples are simply astonishing.Zhi, who founded the "Tiantai Sect" Buddhist theory, received the title of "Wisdom" in the early Sui Dynasty. He is known as "Master Zhizhe" and "Master Tiantai" in the world. He is a master who has had a great influence on ancient Chinese philosophy and ancient culture.Master Zhizhe adopted methods such as "annotating me in the six classics" and "establishing names according to the righteousness", proceeding from the reality of Chinese society at that time, selected, developed and re-created Indian Buddhist classics, and incorporated the psychological activities of people in Chinese philosophy. , spiritual cultivation, human desires, etc. are integrated into the thoughts of Tiantai School, put forward various propositions with their own characteristics, and use a series of categories to conduct speculative arguments, constructing and referencing the complete Buddhist philosophy system of Tiantai School, which occupies an important position in the history of Chinese civilization.
Taizhou, and because of the "place of relegation" in history, a group of outstanding literary masters and famous scholars such as Luo Binwang and Zheng Qian were relegated here. The natural scenery has attracted many literati and inkmen, so the cooperation between eminent monks and cultural celebrities has added an indispensable page to the history of Chinese civilization, especially the glorious traditional Chinese culture.
Taizhou is famous for its Tiantai Mountain, which has attracted many famous literati and writers. After Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty, there are countless celebrities in Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu, Qian Qi, Lu You, Gu Kuang, Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi, Han Yu, etc. have all left masterpieces here through the ages.Under the influence of literary masters, Taizhou's local education and literary undertakings also flourished, and batches of talents went to the national literary world.For example, Yang Cricket, a native of Linhai in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, "has written thousands of poems in his life", which was highly appreciated and respected by Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Su Shi."Examination of Corpse" written by Xu Sidao in the mid-Southern Song Dynasty is my country's first monograph on judicial autopsy techniques."Compendium of Zizhi Tongjian" co-edited by Zhao Shiyuan from Huangyan and Zhu Xi is famous in the ancient book circle."Zhu Fan Zhi" written by Zhao Rushi, a native of Tiantai, is the first chronicle in my country that records Sino-foreign communications, trade, and foreign products and customs."Fungus Spectrum" written by Chen Yong, a native of Huangyan, is called China's first botanical dictionary by later generations.All these show that although Taizhou is a place of relegation, it is the unique natural environment and the objective conditions that the sky is high and the emperor is far away, which makes Taizhou people have a greater freedom of advocating thought and belief. space.Harsh natural conditions, coupled with the law of oppression and resistance, and the unique closedness of the Zhejiang-Fujian hilly area in China and the certain openness of the sea, several large-scale migrations of different races in history, Taizhou people The roughness, majesty and wildness of the loess high slopes in the north, and the delicate, delicate and agile character of the Jiangnan mountain villages and water towns have been gradually bred. It is the "genetic gene" of history, nature and society of Taizhou spirit and Taizhou ethnic characteristics. ".
The hardness like a mountain, the aura like water, and the detachment and restraint like a Buddha determine that Taizhou people are not afraid of power, dare to take risks, dare to venture out, and are full of creative and enterprising spirit, which has created the history of Taizhou yesterday and today. It is also for us to reasonably understand and explain why Taizhou can become the birthplace of China's private economy and why it has not been well known to the outside world like Wenzhou.
History needs to be restored to reality. Taizhou people have now stepped from behind the scenes of the development of China's private economy to the foreground. Especially in recent years, it has shown strong internal motivation, which has inspired Chinese people and many researchers.
In 2007, the total GDP of Taizhou reached 171.7 billion yuan, ranking 36th among the 100 cities in the country, including Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Suzhou and other megacities; its growth rate of 14.3% ranked first It ranks first among the five major cities in Zhejiang Province, which are Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Shaoxing and Taizhou.In fact, Taizhou people told me that the GDP created by Taizhou people should have two concepts. The officially announced 171.7 billion yuan is the local GDP created by the local statistics department in Taizhou, and there is at least 170 billion yuan. GDP is the wealth that Taizhou people create for others in other provinces and municipalities.If the two numbers are added together, the GDP actually created by the 5.5 million Taizhou people for the country should rank among the top 25 of the 100 cities in the country, which is comparable to big cities such as Dalian, Wuhan, and Shenyang.And this kind of data is by no means fabricated. As long as you go to Taizhou and get to know the people and financial institutions, you will really feel that these figures may still be underestimated.
By the end of 2007, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits in financial institutions in Taizhou reached 200 billion yuan.More than 95% of Taizhou's economy is a private economy, that is to say, most of the money stored in Taizhou's financial institutions belongs to ordinary people.According to the basic facts of this "head-to-head" inference, you can calculate the per capita savings in Taizhou, and the calculated figures will scare people to death!The biggest difference between Taizhou people and Wenzhou people is that the latter make money by yelling in business, while the former make a fortune by muffled.
After understanding such a background, everyone will look at Taizhou and Taizhou people with admiration.However, when we went deep into the magical land of Taizhou, what I found was another shocking phenomenon: the unknown, extremely intelligent, and persevering Taizhou people, in the past 30 years of history, for Chinese society and the cause of modernization have created countless extremely precious spiritual wealth.And these rich spiritual wealth, in my opinion, must be included in the history of the Communist Party of China and the annals of socialist modernization in New China, otherwise China's contemporary history will be a serious shortcoming.
It is by no means to cause trouble and confuse the public.All scholars and experts engaged in the research of party history and national history, and all those who want to understand the history of the development of contemporary Chinese farmers, should walk with me into the spirit of innovation and exploration established by farmers in Taizhou with a pious heart. holy place -