Chapter 21 Chapter 18 Kunshan’s Road to Kingship

On October 16, 2008, "People's Daily" published a full-page article titled "Building the Top 100 Chinese Companies through Openness". "Development Survey" is obviously the most authoritative summary of Kunshan's experience at the highest level in China. The editor of "People's Daily" put it this way: In the 30 years of reform and opening up, Kunshan has initially realized the transformation from a single agriculture to the coordinated development of agriculture, manufacturing, and modern service industries, from relying on foreign capital to the common development of multiple ownership economies, from decentralized Layout to centralized layout to promote the transformation of intensive development, economical development and sustainable development, the transformation from some people and some regions getting rich first to common prosperity and harmonious progress, the transformation from urban scale expansion to the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and the transformation from extensive growth The transition to the coordinated development of economy, politics, culture, society and ecology "five in one".Kunshan is a microcosm of the "Southern Jiangsu Model", and the "Kunshan Road" eloquently shows that as long as the development mode is changed, rapid speed can also have good quality, industrialization can also have a good ecology, and urbanization can also achieve urban and rural integration.As long as we adhere to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", thoroughly implement the scientific outlook on development, closely integrate with local realities, seize opportunities, and creatively explore development ideas, we can explore the scientific development and harmonious development as the main features. The road to the development of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

To be honest, I have not seen such a comprehensive affirmation and high degree of qualitative evaluation of a place by a central authority.What kind of road has China followed in the past 30 years of reform and opening up?The conclusion and summary of the central government is "the road of socialist development with Chinese characteristics".What is "the road of socialist development with Chinese characteristics"? The "Editor's Note" of "People's Daily" told us clearly: The road to Kunshan is the road to socialist development with Chinese characteristics.

Kunshan's current reputation has long been known throughout China, because Kunshan is the "top 100" among the more than 2,000 counties and cities across the country. Among the top 100 counties (cities), Suzhou's current five county-level cities have always been In the top ten, Kunshan has ranked first in the "Top 100" for many times.It's not easy, it's not easy, maybe no county (city) except Kunshan can reach such a level. I am in Suzhou, so I understand the competition between several counties and cities in Suzhou.It can be said that from the early days of liberation to the present, there has never been an overt and dark competition between them-of course, this is a competition between you chasing each other, striving to make progress, and striving to contribute to the country.It is the kind of competition between regions in socialist countries that makes people feel passionate when they look at it. It keeps the development of a region at a high level of fighting spirit. In this case, perhaps only It can only be seen in Suzhou for decades.For this reason, I am proud of being a Suzhou native.

Kunshan, in my childhood impression, was a "low country" - my hometown called the places with good land and good harvests "high country", and called those places with thin fields and thin land, lakes and ponds, and places with nine floods in ten years For "low country".Before I left my hometown, if a man from a high country found a wife from a low country, even if the wife was one in a hundred, the man would lose face in front of everyone.It can be seen that the status of the low-level people is humble. My birthplace, Changshu, belongs to the "Gaoxiang", so I also had a sense of superiority since I was a child: I didn't think much of "Little Kunshan" (Kunshan is much smaller than Changshu, whether it is the area or the county seat, and the reputation and status of ancient scholars, Kunshan are all juniors).For most Suzhou people, the main reason to look down on Kunshan is that it is a "low town".Because of its low-lying location, nine floods in ten years, and extremely poor grain production, it is called "Little Bazi"—it ranks eighth among the counties and cities in Suzhou (the Suzhou area used to govern 8 counties).

The "Little Bazi" is now amazing, not only in the forefront of Suzhou counties and cities, but also in the forefront of any Suzhou brother in the whole country, and has the best reputation, and the total economic output has always been leading. A small Kunshan with an area of ​​only 927 square kilometers and a population of 650,000 has several economic indicators that even provincial and municipal leaders in the central and western regions will stare at: Kunshan's per capita output value is 171,061 yuan (US$23,418), and the city's fiscal revenue is 20.2 billion yuan.A place that only occupies 0.01% of the country's land area gathers 1.7% of the country's foreign capital and one-ninth of the country's Taiwan capital, and creates 2.4% of the country's total import and export.

Kunshan is a legend, a Chinese legend.No wonder Chinese leaders have special affection and concern for Kunshan. General Secretary Hu Jintao had many positive dialogues and conversations with the leaders of Kunshan City, and each time he praised Kunshan as a model of socialism with Chinese characteristics with special affection. When Jiang Zemin was the general secretary, he also visited Kunshan many times in person, and his "friendship" with Kunshan deepened because he used to be a "Shanghai native". The relationship between Shanghainese and Kunshan has natural geographical factors. It began to be established in the 1950s and 1960s, and in the 1970s and 1980s it became an unforgettable "love" relationship.

Comrade Deng Xiaoping passed away a little earlier. If he had passed away a little later, I believe that Deng Xiaoping would have paid more attention and love to Kunshan's development.Because Xiaoping further clarified and deepened the concept of "well-off society" in Suzhou, confirmed the proposed goal of "quadrupling" and drew a blueprint for socialism with Chinese characteristics in Suzhou. He moved from Shanghai to Kunshan during the Spring Festival every year, because Kunshan is practicing and striving in accordance with the blueprint of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics he conceived, and has created a miracle in the world where the people are prosperous and healthy, and the comprehensive strength is strong.

The Kunshan model is a model of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is also the practice of the grand blueprint of the "three-step" dream of a modernized and powerful country proposed by the Chinese Communists. However, the 30-year history of Kunshan is not so simple. Kunshan's experience embodies a pioneering spirit of "dare to be the first in the world" and a development path of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. I went to Kunshan when I was very young, and my parents called it a "low town".The county seat of Kunshan is nothing compared to my birthplace, Changshu.The men said: On the streets of Kunshan, you can pour urine from head to toe with just one piss.

Old Kunshan was indeed very poor and shabby. In 1980, according to Suzhou people, the industrial output value of Changshu and Wujiang was almost twice that of Kunshan.At that time, there were not many decent township enterprises in Kunshan. At that time, there were already many state-owned factories in Suzhou and Wuxi, as well as many communes in Jiangyin, Changshu, Wuxian, Wujiang and Wuxi counties (Jiangyin and Wuxi counties were still under the jurisdiction of Suzhou at that time). A hot "marriage" was set off, but no one in Poor Kunshan valued it.Kunshan people feel depressed and inferior.Anyway, in the eyes of Kunshan, urbanites like Suzhou and Wuxi would not move their "associated factories" to Kunshan. Moving to Kunshan would be a waste of time—it would be easy to be flooded.

Cai Changlin, who was the secretary of the Kunshan County Party Committee at the time, was very unconvinced. After he took office, he proposed that Kunshan should not always be the "little eight son", but should be the eldest son of Suzhou.Some people ridiculed Cai Changlin in private whether he wanted to brag before "going" to Suzhou City.Secretary Cai Changlin said with a smile: "Have you ever heard of a family where the 'eldest son' can leave his parents and younger siblings to enjoy the glory and wealth alone? I, Cai Changlin, can leave a word for everyone: I love Kunshan more than I love Kunshan. Myself." In the Kunshan County Party Committee and the county government team at that time, Cai Changlin was looking for a figure like Gu Yanwu who shouted "the rise and fall of the world, everyone is responsible".

Will there be such a person in contemporary Kunshan?Cai Changlin silently fixed his eyes on Wu Kequan, the deputy magistrate. "This man is brilliant!" Cai Changlin admired secretly.Look at Wu Kequan, his mind is full of topics like "nothing" in Kunshan, why don't we "borrow" or "want" from other places, such as Shanghai. "Cities like Suzhou and Wuxi have been pulled away by Changshu, Jiangyin and Wu County. No matter how hard we try to squeeze in, we may not succeed. Why don't we look east? To the east is Greater Shanghai, Greater Shanghai Isn’t it several times bigger than Suzhou and Wuxi? As long as we get close to Shanghai, we are afraid that our little Kunshan won’t get rich?” This is Wu Kequan’s point of view, and the deputy county magistrate often hears such eloquent speeches at the executive meeting of the county party committee. "Kequan, I also agree with your point of view. But some people say that our little Kunshan is married to Shanghai, can they think of us? You can show everyone your Longmen array." Cai Changlin hoped that Wu Kequan could Cleared everyone's doubts. "As the saying goes: Marriage is the right family. We married Shanghai, and it seems that some people are not in the right family. In fact, the big Shanghai has the advantages of the big Shanghai, and our small Kunshan has the advantages of the small Kunshan. Our small Kunshan has its own advantages. It’s not too small. Don’t you see that we have a good geographical location and convenient transportation? Some counties in Shanghai are much farther from the People’s Square in the center of Shanghai than ours. We are next to the suburbs of Shanghai. Half an hour from the center of Shanghai is absolutely convenient. Second, compared with Shanghai, we have more land, more water, and great potential for the development of agricultural and sideline products. Inexpensive. The above three points are things that Shanghai people want but are not easy to solve. If you marry us in Kunshan, you can make up for Shanghai's "three deficiencies". Our relatives must be our high-ranking relatives, and he is also a Shanghainese. This is called 1+1, but 1+1 does not necessarily equal 2, it may be 3, or it may be 4. What I said is still It is just addition. I think as long as we sincerely marry with Shanghai and make use of the advantages of both parties, our marriage may also be multiplication, and it will never be subtraction and division. One place, I have the confidence!" Wu Kequan's words were like throwing a piece of red-hot iron into a cold water tank, and it exploded at once.The members of the Standing Committee discussed it, and all said that Wu Kequan's words were justified. Of course, some people raised objections, mainly because they believed that Shanghainese were too smart, and when dealing with Shanghainese, the "country people" always suffered the majority. "Whether we suffer or not, the key is to see whether we are honest, sincere, and have our own advantages. Besides, Shanghainese are not naturally superior. Many of them are from Kunshan! As the saying goes, whether you are close or not, a fellow countryman is better than a nail in the door. As long as you work hard, there is no way you can’t lose 10,000 catties! I agree with Ke Quan’s opinion. On the one hand, we must do our own work well, on the other hand, we must Show some affection to the Shanghai people. The big brother of Shanghai is inseparable from the great development of Little Kunshan. Even if the family is rich and powerful in the process of dating, this is a normal phenomenon. We have to have psychological and ideological The key to preparation is that we have to make good use of our own advantages. Advantages are the weight of all cooperation, and it is time for Kunshan to make good use of our own advantages!" Cai Changlin said such impassioned words in his conclusion, which made Kunshan look outward. "Expansion" means the general mobilization order. If we hear a local "top leader" say this now, we will not feel that it is a new thing, but in the early 1980s, such a "mobilization order" was definitely a very passionate call to battle.As far as I know, after the founding of New China, especially after the abolition of the East China Bureau, the brothers of Jiangsu and Shanghai were not very harmonious. Who will buy it.Shanghai is the economic, cultural and financial center of East China and even China. However, Shanghai has the limitations of Shanghai—small land, lack of labor force, and lack of agricultural and sideline products. Therefore, I have always felt a sense of affluence in Taicang and Changshu, which are close to me. interest, and look forward to claiming these places as their own one day.How could Jiangsu agree to cede these two pieces of "fat meat"?Conflicts sometimes arise over such matters.Of course, Jiangsu people cannot be blamed for being "stingy". Think about it, the division of district boundaries and provincial boundaries was determined by the central government or the former emperor. Who would dare to change hands easily?For this reason, it is very difficult for Suzhou people: if you are too close to Shanghai, the city of Nanjing in the north will have a problem; Tight, Suzhou people don't know how much they will suffer! When I was a child, I deeply felt this delicate relationship between the two provinces and cities.This situation is of course a thing of the past. Now Shanghai and Jiangsu have long been like a family, and the relationship is inseparable, let alone the relationship between Suzhou and Shanghai.Shanghainese call this little brother from Suzhou "good brother", and Suzhou people sincerely call Shanghainese "big brother".Suzhou calls Shanghai a paradise for getting rich, and Shanghai calls Suzhou its "back garden" and "open-air bank." But the process of forming such a relationship is complex and delicate.Kunshan people played a direct and leading role in the process of establishing the "brotherly" relationship between Suzhou and Shanghai. By this time, Wu Kequan of Kunshan had changed from a "supporting role" to a leading role in the team - in 1984 he was the county magistrate of Kunshan.According to the division of labor in the team, the county magistrate is mainly in charge of the economy.As a result, his energy was fully demonstrated, and the secretary Cai Changlin was also a pioneering party leader, so Wu Kequan had the opportunity to show his ambitions. Marriage with Shanghai is the main idea of ​​Wu Kequan's "powerful Kunshan" strategy. His first goal after taking office as county magistrate was to join forces with the Shanghai Textile Factory. Speaking of textile factories, Kunshan people of different ages have different feelings.This textile enterprise established during the Great Leap Forward era once brought a lot of glory to the Kunshan people who had no industry.But 20 years have passed, and its appearance and output have not changed in the slightest.By the early 1980s, the year of reform and opening up, this state-owned enterprise was dying, and its only vitality was maintained by tax exemption from the tax department.A minister of the Ministry of Textile Industry sighed after the inspection: "After so many textile factories across the country, I didn't expect that there would be such a dilapidated factory in Kunshan. One day, after you undergo technological transformation, you must try to keep an old factory. Workshop, so that the cultural relics of the textile industry can be seen by future generations." People in Kunshan feel bad after hearing such words, but this is the status quo. As the county magistrate, Wu Kequan felt even worse.How to save the textile factory and revitalize Kunshan, this is what he thought about the most when he took office.He has been thinking in his mind: the key to Kunshan's development is the way to go. People who are familiar with Wu Kequan know that this Kunshan native from Wujiang, Suzhou, had an experience that ordinary grassroots cadres did not have before he became the county magistrate of Kunshan: he was a graduate of Zhongnan University of Finance and Economics in the late 1950s, when the country was employing people , the State Planning Commission left Zhongnan University of Finance and Economics. This high-achieving student who stayed at the school did not stay for a few days in the State Planning Commission building in Sanlihe, Beijing. The three-year difficult period in the early 1960s came, and something happened in Gansu. , the hot-blooded man Wu Kequan posted a big-character poster urging him to go to Gansu, the most difficult place.It was against this background that Wu Kequan went to Gansu to participate in the "Rectification Movement and Society".The organization Uehara said that their group of people would return to Beijing after the "rectification and social organization" was over, but after Wu Kequan completed the task, the central government issued a notice of "simplifying the organization", Wu Kequan was "simplified" in this way, and he chose to return to his hometown Suzhou.But he failed to work in Suzhou City, because the "downsized" people need to obey the organization and go to places where they are more needed, so he was assigned to Kunshan, the most difficult place in Suzhou. In this way, Wu Kequan took his wife and children and became a native of Kunshan. never left... A few years later, Wu Kequan, the county magistrate who took office, returned to his old business: planning (or planning)—became the ability and unique talent that he could show most when he became the county magistrate. "In the early 1980s, the overall situation in Suzhou was very good. Compared with other places in the country, Hu Yaobang, the then general secretary of the party, highly appreciated the phenomenon of "impermanent river" in Suzhou when he inspected southern Jiangsu. This "Wuchangjiang" refers to the three counties of Wuxi, Changshu, and Jiangyin. At that time, Wuxi and Jiangyin counties were under the jurisdiction of Suzhou. The industrial and agricultural output value of "Wuchangjiang" has exceeded 2 billion, while our Kunshan is very poor, only 6 The result of our discussion is: Kunshan will always fall behind relying on agriculture alone, and must have industry. But objectively, there are two traditional problems in Kunshan. Although the agricultural output of Kunshan is not high, the income of farmers is not low in Suzhou, often ranking first or second, so Kunshan people do not want to engage in industry in their inner world. At that time, Kunshan people had such a catchphrase: the output is not high , with a lot of income; life is pretty good, and contribution is better. We say that contribution is better because we sold a lot of grain in Kunshan to the country. In the early days of reform and opening up, it was difficult and difficult to break through the revolution in industrial structure, mainly because of conceptual problems. Although I became a "little eight son", I still had a sense of pride like Ah Q in my heart. Jiang' is still a little unconvinced. But at the same time, everyone is clear about one thing: it is impossible to catch up with the "impermanent river" only by engaging in agriculture. Only industry can increase the total social output value of a place. At the same time, as Deng Xiaoping said As I said, taking the road of industrialization is the only way to realize China's modernization. Whether Kunshan can engage in industry, this question is before us and needs to be analyzed. My conclusion after investigation is that Kunshan can not only engage in industry, but also has unique advantages , the most important thing is that it is close to Shanghai, the economic center of China. In addition, do we have any agricultural labor that can be vacated for industry? My investigation found that at least 100,000 people in Kunshan can be vacated for industry, 100,000 What kind of situation would it be like to engage in industry? I came from a planning background, and my blood boils when I think of it! And I found that there is already such a precedent in Kunshan, such as Luyang Town, which is also a place with few farmers, but their small The industry is doing well. On the contrary, there are many people in Zhouzhuang and few fields, but because there is no industry, it is still poor! At the county committee meeting, everyone agreed that if Kunshan wants to develop, the tertiary industry must be grasped together. At that time, the industry was called "grasp the tertiary industry" '. I was in charge of industry, so I presided over Kunshan's industrial development earlier..." Wu Kequan recalled the "Kunshan Road" back then, and talked about the process of this change of thought and concept. These seem simple things now, but at that time it was definitely a profound and unknown historical revolutionary test.The difficulties facing Wu Kequan and Kunshan people are: lack of money, lack of equipment, lack of management experience, lack of professional talents, and lack of industry direction. "We lack almost all the five elements of industry. What should we do? We first thought of Shanghai. Shanghai has all these five elements. But Shanghai is Shanghai, and whether we can 'borrow' these things in Kunshan has become a controversial issue. Some people say, why do Shanghai people want to 'borrow' these things from you in Kunshan? And for many years, due to the inexplicable and inexplicable regional barriers between Jiangsu and Shanghai, the two brothers who are close neighbors The relationship between Kunshan people and Shanghai people is not so harmonious, especially because we have been instructed by the above to "not look around" and have not dared to have a friendly relationship with a close neighbor like Shanghai for a long time. This is the problem above, but the non-governmental relations between Kunshan people and Shanghai people We have always been very friendly and close! We have warmed up this relationship from people-to-people diplomacy, so as to realize the possibility of development from Kunshan to Shanghai." Wu Kequan's thoughts are well-founded and the conditions are ripe. Since the spring breeze of reform and opening-up swept across the land of China, although the industrial reform in a big city like Shanghai had not yet fully rolled out, Shanghai citizens with a little money had already become active.Every holiday, they go to the countryside in groups to purchase agricultural and sideline products, and naturally the most go to Kunshan, and this new form of "going to the countryside" makes both Kunshan people and Shanghai people happy, and one side gets cheap, fresh and good food. The agricultural and sideline products they eat, the other party not only earns money, but also gains friendship with the people in the city. "Start our plan with this enthusiasm!" Wu Kequan is a very caring person. He wants his cadres to seize this opportunity and attack Shanghai in an all-round way. So the cadres in Kunshan acted consciously: don't let every Shanghainese go, and establish friendly relations with them. "You guys are the big brothers in Shanghai, it's cheaper, it's cheaper! Haha, I will come here often in the future, and I will sell you better things next time! You just treat us as relatives and leave!" Kunshan people expressed sincere feelings and The real products from the crops and fresh fish and live crabs from the rivers, lakes and ponds attract Shanghainese for their own development. So more Shanghainese flocked to Kunshan... The east wind has blown.Wu Kequan started to do what he dreamed of—— His first heart trouble was the textile factory.Thinking of textile factories, Wu Kequan thought of Gong Zhaoyuan, a Shanghai native from Kunshan. "Both husband and wife were underground party members before liberation, and I would definitely be willing to let them do something for their hometown." Wu Kequan thought so, so one day, two unexpected guests came to the home of Gong Zhaoyuan, a consultant of the Shanghai Municipal Economic Commission who lived on Urumqi Road in Shanghai. "Okay, if my family doesn't help my family, who else can help?" Although Mr. Gong has retired at home, he has never given up the idea of ​​making some contributions to the revolution. All that comes out of my heart is joy. "Wait a minute, I'll contact Yan Yongsheng, the director of the No. 2 Textile Machinery Factory." Mr. Gong was quick to do things. When the guest was still sitting in the room, he immediately picked up the phone to find his subordinates and said he wanted "help." . "Mr. Gong, this is a matter of your hometown. In a word: we will do whatever we want." Factory Manager Yan Yongsheng readily agreed to the request of "Kunshan people".So Gu Pinyuan from the Second Industry Bureau of Kunshan County got in touch with Factory Director Yan in Shanghai within a few days.But contact does not mean that the marriage is successful.It was very difficult at the beginning, and the difficulty was that the people in Shanghai were very willing to set up a "branch factory" in Kunshan and other cooperation matters, but when it came to actual operation, they found that there were many problems, and some things seemed to be impossible to get over.For example, Shanghai and Kunshan belong to two different provinces and cities. Does such cooperation have to be approved by the "superior departments" of both parties?If there is a problem, who will judge?Is it the relevant departments in Shanghai and Jiangsu?Or the central department in Beijing?If there is a profit, how to divide it?If Shanghai gains profits, should they be included in the income of the general factory?If it is not allocated to the employees, will it mean that capitalism has gone the wrong way?etc.In the end, after researching and researching, I still feel that the "specific problems" are not easy to solve. Wu Kequan couldn't figure it out: "Everyone in this world is calling for reform and reform, but how can there be so many problems in the real reform? It seems that it is really not easy to be the first to eat crabs." "Keep trying." Wu Kequan later thought of Qian Yiping from Shanghai.Qian was the orphan of a martyr, and was adopted by Premier Zhou Enlai.Qian Yiping is the deputy director of Shanghai Economic Cooperation Office.The Economic Cooperation Office is a special agency established by the government in the early 1980s to "invigorate" foreign economic cooperation.They might be able to get things done. Qian Yiping is worthy of being a "Kunshan fellow". He admired Wu Kequan's ideas and said that he would "contribute to the construction of his hometown". Besides, Gong Zhaoyuan, who failed to get married for his hometown for the first time, was still full of confidence. He personally took Wu Kequan to Jinshan Petrochemical General Factory and asked them to solve the slicing for the textile factory in Kunshan.Jinshan Petrochemical General Plant is a product of China's reform and opening up. The management here has liberated their minds early, and because of the face of the old leader Gong Zhaoyuan, they agreed to sign a 300-ton slicing business with Kunshan.After Qian Yiping learned of this, he said to Wu Kequan: "300 tons will definitely not make money! Old Wu, you can't do this! It's understandable if you don't understand, but it's not interesting for them to do this! I'll go find them." Some felt ashamed and resentful for the actions of their colleagues in Shanghai. "300 tons of course can only be a partnership." After Qian Yiping approached a factory manager in Shanghai to criticize him, the factory manager revealed his true feelings to him. "Since you want to help others, you have to let them do it. There is money to be made. Can we add another 300 tons?" Qian Yiping asked the factory director when he saw the opportunity. "You are the leader, dare I not listen?" The factory manager said with a smile. Wu Kequan was overjoyed, and saw the opportunity to "heat up" Deputy Director Qian Yiping, so he finally got 1,000 tons.Haha, there is food for 1000 tons!Wu Kequan frowned, and then followed Gong Zhaoyuan to learn "underground work" - this time they were specifically dealing with some conservative and rigid rules and regulations in the policy at that time. The process of dating for the first time was very difficult and tortuous, almost carried out in a semi-public and semi-underground state.On December 31 of this year, Shanghai No. 2 Textile Machinery Factory, No. 1 Polyester Factory of Shanghai Petrochemical General Plant and Kunshan Industrial Bureau formally signed an "Agreement on Cooperative Construction of Spinning Machine Experimental Workshop". Readers will inevitably feel amused when they read the name of this strange agreement, but the first cooperation agreement between Shanghai and Kunshan at that time was full of profound meaning.One is that it is not called a joint venture or a joint operation, but a collaboration; the second is that the word "experiment" is very particular, and it can be retreated and advanced; the third is that the workshop is the most delicate. It is an experimental factory, it is not considered a formal factory. "The reason why we wrote this is because there was still considerable resistance to such joint ventures at that time, especially joint ventures between two different provinces and cities, between a big city and rural people, it was like a big state-run factory. Who dares to take responsibility for the cooperative establishment of factories between enterprises and small township factories? Those of us who specifically advocate doing this may suffer a lot from it. Therefore, for the political and economic security of both parties, a Such an agreement." Speaking of this agreement, Wu Kequan said with a wry smile: "It was very difficult to accomplish something at that time." Everything is difficult at the beginning, and the difficulty lies in the fact that you don't know how to deal with some things at that time.After the agreement between the two parties is signed, it must be approved by the superior unit, right?Kunshan went to Suzhou.Suzhou told them: "Shanghai is a provincial city. I can approve enterprises in Kunshan County. How can we approve enterprises in Shanghai?" When they went to Nanjing, Nanjing told them: "There is no precedent for cross-provincial cooperation in Jiangsu. Besides, what do you call a 'factory'? What is a factory? We haven't approved any kind of factory in our province!" Kunshan replied that a factory means a factory.The voice of the Nanjing side became louder: "You have cooperated with Shanghai to set up a factory, and you didn't report it in advance. How can we approve you! Besides, even if we approve you, you are a joint factory with Shanghai. How can we in Jiangsu have the right to approve enterprises run by others in Shanghai!" What Nanjing said is not unreasonable.So Wu Kequan and the others asked Shanghai to seek approval from relevant departments.The relevant departments in Shanghai widened their eyes and said: "Well, you Shanghainese don't work for Shanghainese, why go to Jiangsu to set up a factory? Why, why do you want to be a traitor? Besides, even if I approve you, you can I can't get you the plans from the Beijing Ministry either! Playing the piano indiscriminately." After a large circle, Wu Kequan and the Kunshan people including Gong Zhaoyuan and Qian Yiping were very depressed.A simple sentence: Free love has finally come true, but I can't get a "marriage certificate".You can't live together without a "marriage certificate"!Many Kunshan people began to shrink back, but Wu Kequan, who had stayed in the State Planning Commission in Beijing, said: "What cannot be done in Shanghai and Nanjing may not be possible in Beijing. I will go to Beijing!" In this way, Wu Kequan took relevant comrades from the county office to go north many times to find acquaintances and relationships in the Ministry of Textile Industry. Finally, I officially got the "marriage certificate" two years later. "This factory was jointly built by Shanghai's Baoshan, Jinshan and our "three mountains" in Kunshan. I jokingly called it the "Three Mountains Factory". It is definitely not an easy task to move together. It is not as open as it is now, and the cooperation between regions is like visiting relatives. In the early 1980s, our regional cooperation was indeed like underground work. To tell the truth—— A few years later, Kunshan was withdrawn from the county and established as a city, and many leaders came from Shanghai, but our own Jiangsu Province only came to have a deputy secretary-general. At that meeting, someone asked me half-jokingly: 'Is Kunshan already designated? Returning to Shanghai?’ I said with a smile: ‘It’s really possible if it doesn’t work.’ It can be seen that the process of developing the regional economy is also full of contradictions and complicated social backgrounds in the initial stage just like the country’s reform and opening up. The reason why Kunshan can be in Later, it became the "top 100" of counties and cities in the country, and innovation has always been the basic power source for our progress." Wu Kequan said when summarizing Kunshan's experience. Through the success of the joint venture of the textile factory and the practical results of the children's printing factory, cement factory and other units, Wu Kequan gradually formed an idea at this time: If he finds a road suitable for the actual development of Kunshan Economically, it is possible to accomplish a lot. So Wu Kequan, together with Cai Changlin, secretary of the county party committee, and other team members, began to plan a grand blueprint for Kunshan to take off—to build a number of key projects in Kunshan with a total investment of more than 5 million yuan, and an economic development zone with a total investment of 150 million yuan. To build a development zone like Shekou”, this year Wu Kequan specially went to Shekou, Guangdong for inspection and visit, where he received a strong inner shock, and secretly vowed to build such a vigorous economic development zone in his hometown. At that time, the State Council approved the construction of economic development zones in 14 coastal cities, but Xiaokunshan did not have this kind of treatment. Some people joked that Wu Kequan was "a carp trying to overturn the boat" - tantamount to daydreaming. "I just want to dream in the daytime, and this dream must come true!" Wu Kequan looks weak on the surface, but his will is very strong.He publicized his views at the cadre meeting, which also boosted the confidence of his subordinates. Since then, the land of Kunshan has been surging... "Development depends on Shanghai." Wu Kequan yelled this, and it later became a well-known colloquial phrase among Kunshan people.In the process of marrying Shanghai, Kunshan people have tasted both sweetness and bitterness.The sweetness is brought by others, but the bitterness should be said to be found by oneself.You think, some Shanghainese agreed to come to your Kunshan to set up a factory. This is already "Allah Shanghainese" giving you enough face from Kunshan people. Who would have thought that the Shanghai "Allah" who came down wearing leather shoes would have to walk barefoot for several hours. The road still can't reach the destination. "Want to set up a factory in this place where wild cats don't shit? Don't make fun of Allah!" Several Shanghainese went to Zhouzhuang to see the factory site, but they hadn't arrived at the place after walking for 6 hours. They said they didn't want to come again . "This way of doing things won't work. There needs to be a decent place for people to come here and see it comfortably!" Wu Kequan expressed his thoughts at the county standing committee meeting. "It's a good idea. Otherwise, if people see that we are poor in Kunshan, why would they be interested in setting up a factory!" The members of the team agreed. Where can it be drawn out?Wu Kequan and several deputies of the county government discovered that there was a piece of land in the east of the old county town that could be used.On this land, a "Hongqi Industrial Zone" was built in the 1960s. Because it was far away from the county seat, it was inconvenient for employees to commute to and from get off work. What's more, the conditions for setting up a so-called industrial zone were not available at that time, so it was abandoned there. . "It's time to wake up the sleeping Hongqi District!" After seeing this land, Wu Kequan was very excited that day.With his familiarity with the industrial economy, Wu Kequan saw at a glance that this abandoned industrial zone was actually a very rare good location for a new industrial development zone.First, it is relatively close to the county seat, and can rely on some infrastructure in the county seat to reduce investment. For example, the necessary infrastructure such as "five connections and one leveling" in the industrial development zone will save a lot of money here compared to another piece of land; Due to its proximity to the county seat, once the development zone is completed, it will be more convenient to mobilize human resources; third, there is a distance of about ten kilometers between the "Red Flag District" and the county seat, which leaves room for the construction of a new city between the old city and the development zone in the future. Another advantage is that the transportation here is convenient, which is beneficial for Shanghainese or other merchants who come to Kunshan to invest in Kunshan to live and conduct business activities comfortably and conveniently. "This is it!" In August 1984, Kunshan set aside a piece of land of 3.17 square kilometers in the old industrial zone to the east of the county, and established an economic development zone that would completely change the fate of Kunshan. It was originally called "Industrial New Zone".When the new industrial zone was established, neither a grand ceremony nor any superiors were invited, because it was a decision made by Cai Changlin, Wu Kequan and other Kunshan people without authorization.At that time, counties like Kunshan did not allow the establishment of new industrial zones and development zones, and secondly, no leaders at any level would approve their approach.Wu Kequan and others know that it is best not to attract people's attention to such daring and reckless violations. However, the purpose of building the development zone is to set up factories and industries. For Kunshan people whose local industry level is almost zero, the primary task after the development zone is established is to attract investment—to attract those large enterprises and wealthy people outside of Kunshan It is the most fundamental purpose to recruit people to set up factories and enterprises at their own doorstep. Coincidentally, a comrade from the County Planning Commission called Wu Kequan to report: "When I was working in Suzhou, I occasionally heard people from Bank of China in Suzhou say, does your Kunshan have a glove factory? Suzhou engaged in a joint venture to produce gloves, and asked us if we were interested." Wu Kequan jumped up when he heard it: "Yes, how do you answer him?" The comrades of the planning committee said: "We dare not answer easily, because the merchant is Japanese. , so we report it to the county magistrate!" Wu Kequan kept saying that I understood.The next day, he rushed to Suzhou, first to the Bureau of Light Industry, and then to Director Chen of the Municipal Planning Commission.It was also the first time for Chen to discuss business with foreigners, so he said that the Japanese were planning to go to a certain county. Since you are interested in Kunshan, then you can talk about it. Wu Kequan was very unhappy, and the next step was to directly come forward and appoint the deputy county magistrate to negotiate with Japanese merchants. A few days later, a Japanese came.He was taken to Kunshan, and came to Wu Kequan's "development zone". "Here? The development zone where the factory is set up?" the Japanese businessman asked Wu Kequan, looking at the crop field in front of him and stepping on the dirt road full of mud. "Yes. Don't worry, sir, this place will soon become an industrial area that you are satisfied with. As for the road, I think it can be repaired in three months..." Wu Kequan didn't know where his confidence came from, it was purely to hold the first place. A foreign businessman replied casually. "Three months? Can you repair the road in three months?" The Japanese businessman stared at Wu Kequan with wide eyes. "Yes. The road will be repaired in three months!" Wu Kequan was serious this time, and his tone was very firm. The Japanese looked at the Chinese county magistrate for a few minutes, and then said like a bet: "If you can repair the road within three months, I will invest and set up a factory here." "Okay, we've made a deal!" Wu Kequan stretched out his hand to the Japanese. "It's a deal." Three months later, the Japanese was invited to Kunshan again, to the land where he had stood three months ago. "Wow! Amazing! Amazing! The road here is so beautiful! It's unbelievable!" He looked in amazement at the wide road, the flat land, and the lush greenery on both sides of the road, and shouted loudly. Naturally, the Japanese would not know how Wu Kequan got here in the past three months.Not to mention how complicated and difficult the road construction process was, and how tight the time was, the more important thing was that he had no money in hand.The county has no money at all to set up development zones. "At that time, I only had 3 million yuan in funds, which was the technical transformation fee left over when I was the deputy county magistrate. This time I used it all. I used 500,000 yuan to repair the road that I bet with the Japanese. Others The money was used to build factories and necessary infrastructure. On the day the development zone started, firstly, we dared not invite anyone to come, and secondly, we had no money to do anything, so we only mobilized in the mat shed, and I was alone. One is the deputy director of the Construction Bureau, and the others are workers of the construction team on the construction site. I remember saying a word at that time: We will build a new Kunshan here, so that the people of Kunshan can feel proud and become famous all over the country!... Now it is really famous all over the country It's gone..." Wu Kequan, who is now gray at the temples, said this when he was interviewed by me in an elegant ancient building in Kunshan. The years are like flowing water.More than twenty years are like a small wave in the long river of history. "I decided to invest 1 million US dollars here! This is my Chinese Suwang!" Faced with the speed and sincerity of the Kunshan people, the Japanese businessman couldn't help cheering, and promised on the spot that he would invest more in Kunshan in the future. "Suwangyou" is the first foreign-funded enterprise in the history of Kunshan, and also the first foreign-funded enterprise in Suzhou and Jiangsu.Its significance is historic for both Kunshan and Suzhou.Foreign-funded enterprises, 1 million US dollars, which was a great joy in Kunshan at that time!For this "Su Wang You", Wu Kequan once ran to Suzhou seven times in a row. Nissho Suwang, your boss is a polio patient. Perhaps life has brought him too much bitterness and suffering, so his emotions are particularly fragile and sensitive.The negotiation between the Kunshan people and him has also become extremely difficult.Several deputy county magistrates appeared on the stage one after another, and then the secretary Cai Changlin also appeared on the stage.Your boss, Su Wang, would cry when the talk was bad, and he would cry when the talk was good (tears of excitement), making Wu Kequan and the others often at a loss as to what to do.But in the end, because of the bet of "building the road in three months", the Kunshan people won. Su Wang, you settled in the Kunshan Development Zone as you wished.The opening of this foreign-funded enterprise has historic significance for Kunshan. I have seen photos of the scene of your business in Kunshan, Suwang. It was very simple. In a shed, there were dozens of people, most of whom were construction workers. Wu Kequan and other officials from Kunshan County went there. also made a statement.This time he cried again, and he said happily while crying: "The Chinese are friends enough, and the Kunshan people in China are even more friends. No one looks down on a disabled person like him." Su Wang, you are a glove factory, the first phase of investment Afterwards, many Japanese businessmen were interested in Kunshan.Later, Japanese companies settled in Kunshan one by one, which was directly related to Su Wangyou's exemplary role and influence.Suwangyou has also achieved great development in Kunshan.Within a few years, you, Su Wang, opened your second and third factories, and later became the first batch of wholly foreign-owned enterprises in Kunshan.In the early and mid-1980s, this enterprise alone was able to earn more than 10 million yuan for Kunshan.At that time, the foreign exchange earning level of more than 10 million yuan was very remarkable in a county-level area. No one told me what "Suwangyou" really means, but I am particularly concerned about the three characters "Suwangyou". I don't know if it means "Suzhou Xingwang you, me and him"?Regardless of whether it means this or not, the actual role of "Suwangyou" in Kunshan and Suzhou has already proved this point.Kunshan people have feelings for that disabled Japanese young man who loves to cry.They respected and cared for him so much that he later became a veritable new Kunshan native, which is a later story.Everyone in Kunshan knows the name of the boss of "Suwangyou". His name is Ichiro Miyoshi. Miyoshi Ichiro deserves the respect of Kunshan and Suzhou people.Two years later, in 1986, Suzhou also had its first foreign-funded enterprise. It is said that the first foreign businessman came to the newly established development zone that year, which was very exciting for Kunshan people. County Magistrate Wu actually recruited foreign businessmen, but we can't recruit domestic businessmen?Merchants!Merchants first!Attracting businessmen is the greatest contribution to Kunshan!If you attract businessmen, you will be promoted, and you will be able to turn around!All of a sudden, the "investment craze" in Kunshan spread like a hurricane among cadres and the general public... If there are too many investment invitations, there must be a decent place to "install" these enterprises.So the strategy of "relying on the old city and developing the new city" really started.As a result, Kunshan has its first small development zone, covering an area of ​​3.17 square kilometers. With such a place and a direction for development, someone has to lead it.So Cai Changlin said to Wu Kequan: "You can ask him to work in the development zone." "Who?" "Xuan Binglong from Luyang Town." Of course Wu Kequan knew Xuan Binglong.This "Kunshan native", whose ancestral home is in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, was born in Shanghai, and went to Kunshan with his mother, is a bit like Wu Kequan's background.Wu Kequan's impression of Xuan Binglong was not particularly good at first, he was thin and small, and his speech was a bit stubborn, but he had a "bright mind".The township economic development of Luyang Town was at the forefront in Kunshan at that time, and Xuan Binglong played a very important role in this.Luyang Town, where Xuan Binglong lives, was the first "hundred million township" in Kunshan County in the early 1980s.At that time, the "Yiyi Township" in Luyang Township was the best town in Kunshan, and it was a rich place in "Poor Kunshan". Therefore, Xuan Binglong became one of the most capable people in Kunshan at that time.They are all in the same county, so of course Wu Kequan knows Xuan Binglong well.Xuan Binglong, who used to work in the grain management office, made friends with those educated youths who went to the village to go to the countryside. Then a few people pooled 240 yuan to set up a glass fiber reinforced plastic factory in the town. "The fiberglass factory is actually just making materials that are better than linoleum, but the economy of Luyang Town developed slowly from this small fiberglass factory until 1983 when I was promoted by the county to build a development zone. The annual income of our Luyang Township has reached 68 million yuan." Xuan Binglong himself recalled. "10,000-yuan household" was a wealthy goal that Chinese people yearned for in the early 1980s.At that time, whoever could become a "10,000-yuan household" was absolutely envied and respected.Xuan Binglong turned the entire township into "million-dollar households", so it's only natural that he is very good. Xuan Binglong was transferred to the county for development in this way, and he did this for 23 years.Therefore, Xuan Binglong also has the reputation of "Xuan Kaifa". "I am the oldest one to participate in the construction of the national development zone." The thin old Xuan, outspoken, but a typical man of action.Because of his special acumen and rich experience in foreign economic work, even Wu Yi, the former vice premier of the State Council, respected him very much.After Xuan Binglong was transferred to the county to engage in development, he has since become Wu Kequan's right-hand man and the hero of the Kunshan Development Zone. 蔡长林和吴克铨从昆山大发展的战略考虑，在1984年初就将一批年富力强的年轻干部充实到乡镇一线去施展才华，其中有后来成为苏州“园区王”的王金华。This is something. 吴克铨和宣炳龙等人筹备开发区初期，条件十分艰苦不说，关键是小昆山搞开发区在当时是明显的“违规”行为。因为上面明确指出办开发区必须经过国家批准。当时国家已经批准14个国家级的开发区，昆山算老几？How could the state approve it to engage in development zones? Wu Kequan was very bold, saying that the country would not allow it, so we would do it quietly by ourselves. 有人说：“搞开发区光通路通电通水等基础设施没有几个亿的钱，想都别想。” 吴克铨说：“我们穷昆山搞开发区就是在做梦，不过我们这个梦是为了彻底改变穷昆山的面貌，让老百姓能够尽快富起来的美梦。” “这……这可能是白日做梦吧？”有人怀疑。 “只要是美梦，就是白日做又有什么不可以的呢？”吴克铨是铁了心地要干。还有宣炳龙，也认为只要路子对头，肯定能有所作为。 Some people always think that Cai Changlin, secretary of the county party committee, is more conservative in his thinking, but since Secretary Cai visited Japan and visited Shenzhen and Shekou, his thinking is more advanced than anyone else. "Shenzhen is amazing. Everyone has a telephone in the bathroom! Every household has a flush toilet!" At that time, the secretary of the county party committee was so envious of Shenzhen's modern living standards.再看看小昆山，整个小县城才4.1平方公里，6万来人口，一条最漂亮的人民路2公里长，全县城最宽的马路只有12米，全县城最高的楼是4层的县委大楼。There is not a single car in the county, only two buses, and the rest are hundreds of tricycles.A county with a population of hundreds of thousands has a fiscal revenue of less than 60 million yuan a year.那时蔡长林在县三级干部大会上第一次昂着头高声道：“比深圳、比苏州其他县市，我们昆山起步晚了，但起步晚不见得起点低。国家搞特区，我们能不能搞个工业小区呀？！” The first industrial development zone in Kunshan was originally called "Industrial District". The name of the community can prevent some political risks: since it is called a community, it is an experiment.Once done and in the right direction, remove the word "small" and work in the larger direction.If you make a mistake, or something goes wrong, and the higher-ups blame it, just put the "community" together. 但即使如此，也有人说：“我们昆山工业小区不是国家批准的开发区，银行不给货款，你吴克铨咋办？” "Then we'll build a development zone at our own expense!" Wu Kequan seemed to have already made up his mind.In fact, Wu Kequan and the people of Kunshan had no idea at the time of the economic and political troubles that the "self-funded development zone" would bring to Kunshan and themselves.简单地说，当时的昆山人根本不知道此举的天高地厚！ “当时昆山全县一年的财政收入不足一个亿，听说我们要搞开发区光基础设施就得几千万元，一些原来赞成搞开发区的人也站出来反对，有人甚至在公开场合指名道姓地说吴克铨是想把我们的昆山折腾光才开心，因为他反正不是昆山人。意思是我吴克铨成心不让昆山人过好日子。那时我想拉开嗓门告诉大家说，搞开发区就是为了让昆山人过上好日子，可大家并不相信我。所以我只能顶着头皮往前冲，一直到几年后开发区像模像样了，县上的财政直线上升后，大家才相信我的话是对的……”吴克铨在我采访时笑谈当年的艰难岁月。 Because it is a "self-funded" development that violates the regulations, what should have been a vigorous development campaign can only be carried out secretly in Kunshan.这么大的一块面积，想在那儿偷偷摸摸地干惊天动地的事容易吗？It's not easy!This is how the people of Kunshan set up the development zone. “偷偷摸摸”四个字里包含了多少辛苦与艰巨。 Wu Kequan served as the commander-in-chief.指挥部设在昆山的母亲河娄江边上，其实就是几间小平房。However, diagonally opposite it is the majestic, tall and neat factory building of the Venus TV branch factory in Kunshan, which was the first group to "marry in love" with Shanghai. “将来我们这儿会有无数比金星厂更漂亮的厂房和办公大楼。”吴总指挥用这样的话鼓励参与开发区的建设者和干部们。 然而那些建设者们望着规划图上那密密麻麻的线条和眼前一片片长着庄稼的农田，似乎除了憧憬吴克铨说的那份“未来”之外，所感受到的是创业的艰辛与一场场白手起家的苦战…… To set up a development zone, lack of money is a distressing thing, but it is even more difficult to send away the people who have lived here for generations and let them move.今天我们常在各种媒体上看到搬迁的难事，那时昆山“偷偷摸摸”搞起来的开发区，又是在没钱的情况下让百姓搬迁，可想而知，难度会有多么大。I am afraid that only entrepreneurs like Wu Kequan and Xuan Binglong know this. "People in Kunshan live a heavenly life today, but they paid the price back then. They are worthy of respect." Xuan Binglong once said to me so affectionately. 拆房、搬宅基地、挖祖坟，这些都是老百姓最不愿意做的事，他们宁可穷得连裤子都穿不起，但也不愿被人赶着搬家、掘祖坟。 "Development zone? Build a big factory in the cropland? I've never heard of it! If you want to coax a little girl, there's no way!" Even though Kunshan people are so close to Shanghai, some farmers have not only never been to Shanghai in their life, even the last three generations. No one has ever been to the Bund of Shiliyangchang.They don't believe the "things in the sky" that Wu Kequan, Xuan Binglong and others said. In one sentence: "Whoever wants to demolish the house, we will fight with our lives!" 农民毕竟是农民，你把工作做到了家，他们还是挺老实、挺听话的，尤其是吴克铨他们把未来的昆山描绘成上海一样的“花花世界”，再加上发动党员带头，最后他们还是没出什么特别的难题。 那个时候拆迁搬家也没有多少补偿，靠的是老百姓“听党话”的觉悟，但轮到一些单位拆迁就难多了。 有条朝阳路拓宽改造工程，牵涉到18个单位的搬迁，光拆除房屋面积就达6890多平方米，而且绝大多数是无偿拆除，加上这路通着苏沪交通要道，每天七八千辆车子来来去去，施工的时候恰逢雨季，拆房拓路，吴克铨与副县长石泉忠等人天天像泥猴子似的滚打在现场，依然天天有人出来吵吵闹闹，甚至扛着铁棍扬言要拼个你死我活。最后还是吴克铨他们用党性和组织原则说话，终于摆平了这些单位。 “改革初期大伙儿的眼光虽然短浅一些，但想的问题还是比较简单，换上现在，你想拆一处房子、整一块地，那代价就不是当年的那种无偿了……”如今的吴克铨说起当年的那场“惊心动魄”的事，心存对昆山人民的一份深深的感情。He said that Kunshan's current modernization is not due to any one person, but to all Kunshan people. Their selfless dedication back then was the most valuable. What the old county magistrate said made sense.The communists have always relied on the support and dedication of the people to achieve their goals in power.Kunshan is certainly no exception. 为了招商引资，吴克铨他们在完成对新区与老县城之间的道路拓宽的同时，也着手对那些同样靠自费建起工业小开发区的乡镇进行道路的拓宽、修建工程。这钱就不再是几百万，而是几千万、上亿元…… “你们说说到底能有啥办法？”接任蔡长林的县委书记是毛阳青也是个改革派，他希望给老伙计吴克铨助一把力。 Wu Kequan smiled wryly: "There is only one way: I will be a beggar and kowtow to those gods of wealth!" He did.You should kowtow, but if you don’t give it after kowtow, he, Wu Kequan, will also come to insist: "Do you want to continue to be a factory manager? If you want to be, you will bleed. If you don’t want to be, you don’t have to bleed." , but you have to make room.” Those factory directors and managers were afraid to see County Mayor Wu, he was not a beggar, but a “bandit”.讨钱的吴克铨则自嘲是“强盗叫花子”。 但换一个副县长出面要钱就费劲了，人家不听他的。你说修路搞开发区怎么怎么重要，他说他的工厂企业现在怎么怎么困难，磨破了嘴他们就是朝你笑笑，“要命有一条，要钱没有。”最后这位副县长哭了，这一哭竟然让那些铁石心肠的厂长经理们动情了，心软了，于是3万、5万，纷纷“出血”……186公里长的老城区通往新城区、县城通往乡镇的柏油马路和264座桥就这样建起来了。 No matter how meticulous Wu Kequan and the county government were in their work, this earth-shattering approach still offended some people, and some people wrote to sue. “人民来信”一封又一封地飞往苏州城、南京省城……甚至还有的到了北京。 "I have to go and see what the hell is going on in Kunshan!" Just as Wu Kequan and other Kunshan people hav