Chapter 2 Chapter 2 "Su" is the "well-off" in Deng Xiaoping's dream

"Quadruple and build a well-off society in China. This well-off society is called Chinese-style modernization." This is what a Chinese sage in the late 20th century said.This saint is called Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping's "moderately prosperous" dream was born in the early days of reform and opening up, when he went abroad and saw the rapidly developing world civilization in the United States, Japan and other Western countries.At that time, he strongly felt the backwardness of his country and the poverty of the people's lives...The later trip to Singapore gave him an oriental concept of "well-off".But what does a Chinese-style well-off society look like?Deng Xiaoping was looking for...

In December 1978, the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.The Communist Party of China held an epoch-making plenary session here, namely the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party.At the meeting, Deng Xiaoping once again made a clear declaration to the world: China will initially realize modernization by the end of the 20th century. Westerners are beginning to be wary of the "awakening" of this Eastern sleeping lion, and they seem a little nervous. "Mr. Xiaoping, can you tell me what the four modernizations in this century that China says are going to look like?" The following year, Japanese Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira asked the chief architect of China's modernization intently. .

Deng Xiaoping glanced at the Japanese guest, but did not answer immediately. He slowly lit a Panda brand cigarette, thought for a while, and said: Let me tell you this. Now you have a population of 100 million, and your GDP It is one trillion U.S. dollars, so your per capita GNP is ten thousand U.S. dollars.Then we are now, our per capita GDP is 250 US dollars.I think, for example, we quadruple in 20 years. At that time, our per capita income is 1,000 US dollars, which is one-tenth of yours, but our population is ten times yours, so our total amount is the same as yours. It's the same now.

"That's right." The Japanese Prime Minister nodded slightly, but he didn't seem to understand. Deng Xiaoping seemed to have seen the subtle expression on the other side, and said: Even though China will still be poor by then, and the per capita GNP will still be very low, but with such a total amount, we can do something, and we can also be in the country. Contribute something to the world. Masahiro Ohira's ears were erect, and his eyes were fixed on this little giant in China. "So, what level will our national living standards reach by then?" Xiaoping seemed to be talking to himself, "It means that we can eat enough and wear warm clothes. I call this well-off." After finishing speaking, Xiaoping said heavily After taking a puff of cigarette, he smiled at the Japanese guest.

well-off?What is Xiaokang?The prime minister didn't understand what a well-off society was, so he turned his attention to the translator beside him, Mr. Wang Xiaoxian, then deputy director of the Japan Department of the Asian Department of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Translator Wang was so nervous that he almost sweated, yes, what is Xiaokang?How dare he ask Deng Xiaoping?So he came up with an idea: "That's...it's when a person recovers." Translator Wang secretly thought: Japanese people usually talk about well-off, so the prime minister should understand a little bit better.

"Oh——" the Prime Minister opened his mouth in a half-understanding manner, seemingly unable to find any suitable questions, then stood up and held Deng Xiaoping's hand with a smile, and said, "I wish you and the Chinese people a prosperous life soon." Deng Xiaoping stood up at the same time, with a smile on his face, and echoed repeatedly: "Okay, Xiaokang, we are all well-off." For a considerable period of time after this meeting with the Japanese, Deng Xiaoping began to chant "Xiaokang" many times on different occasions.Deng Xiaoping's family members told me that Deng Xiaoping usually didn't talk much at home, but the word "Xiaokang" suddenly came out of his mouth a few times, which sometimes made the family feel puzzled.

Since then, "Xiaokang" has become a blueprint for modernization with Chinese characteristics in the dream of the chief architect of China's modernization.A leader of a big country who is most realistic and practical, looking for a possible way to realize this blueprint and dream, he will also toss and turn sleeplessly... Over the past two years, this blueprint and dream has become the outline of governing the country that the chief designer always cares about. Comrades, this Congress will be the most important meeting since the Seventh National Congress of the Party.This congress will review and determine the party's program for creating a new situation in socialist modernization in an all-round way... At the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in early September of this year, Deng Xiaoping repeatedly emphasized this.For the grand blueprint that has been brewing in his heart for a long time, he pointed out to all comrades in the party: combine the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with the specific reality of our country, follow our own path, and build socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is our long-term historical experience. basic conclusions drawn.

The theoretical brilliance of "building socialism with Chinese characteristics" began to illuminate the land of China from then on. The spring of the new year is here.The spring breeze first blows the land in the south of the Yangtze River green. "I want to take a walk in the south of the Yangtze River." Deng Xiaoping proposed to the staff around him. "That's great, where does the 'Old Man' (the family and the staff around him respectfully call Deng Xiaoping—the author's note) want to go? How about going to Suzhou?" "Where do you go if you go to Jiangnan or Suzhou?" "Old man" didn't say much, but once he said it, it was loud.

Suzhou is beautiful, the most beautiful is in Taihu Lake.In the early 1980s, Taihu Lake was like a girl who just came out of the cabinet, charming and peaceful.There are vast blue waves for eight hundred miles, without the slightest man-made pollution. On that day, Deng Xiaoping, accompanied by Jiangsu provincial party secretary Han Peixin and female provincial governor Gu Xiulian, took a cruise ship and sailed slowly towards Taihu Lake where the sun was rising... "The sun on that day was extraordinarily gorgeous, bright and radiant. It decorated the sky crystal clear and brilliant. The color of the lake that day was also very beautiful. In the distance, the mountains were majestic and undulating, thick and dignified; the nearby lake surface The golden light is shining, the white sails are dotted, and the birds are flying very happily. Comrade Xiaoping especially likes to watch the birds flying on the water surface, and likes to praise the white walls and black tiles on the shore, and the smoke from the cooking. He said that it is a real Chinese landscape painting, It is more beautiful than Western oil paintings." A person from "old Suzhou" who served Deng Xiaoping at that time recalled.

Dai Xinsi, the former Secretary of the Suzhou Prefectural Committee, was an old comrade who went south to participate in revolutionary work in 1940.The 83-year-old Mr. Dai was interviewed by me at the hospital. When he talked about Deng Xiaoping's arrival in Suzhou in the spring of 1983, he still had some irrepressible excitement.He said: Comrade Deng Xiaoping went to Suzhou twice in his life. The first time was in the 1960s, and the other time was in the spring of 1983 when the reform and opening up entered a special stage.That time Xiaoping stayed in Suzhou for 3 days and stayed in Nanyuan Hotel, which is a quiet place in the downtown area, and now ordinary people can live in it as long as they pay.

"Before Xiaoping came, the secretary of the provincial party committee called me and asked me to prepare a report on the situation in Suzhou. At that time, we had eight counties in Suzhou. In addition to the counties and cities under our current jurisdiction, there were two counties in Jiangyin and Wuxi. After Comrade Xiaoping arrived, he told the secretary of the provincial party committee that he wanted to understand the rural situation in Suzhou. His staff told the secretary of the provincial party committee that he would listen to a 20-minute report. So the secretary of the provincial party committee took the rural situation materials I had prepared Report to Xiaoping. Later, after 20 minutes of reporting time, Xiaoping said: What else can you say! In this way, the secretary of the provincial party committee reported that our Suzhou area studied and implemented the quadrupling proposed by the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Yes Comrade Xiaoping seems to have been very concerned about this matter. During meals or other occasions, he would ask us from time to time what we think of quadruple. We told him: Quadruple is absolutely no problem in Suzhou. Xiaoping asked: Why? We answered: Suzhou From 1976 to 1982, the region doubled its gross industrial and agricultural production. Xiaoping paid special attention to this and listened very carefully. "It doubled in five or six years. You tell me about this situation. Let’s talk about it.” It can be seen that Xiaoping is very concerned about our Suzhou’s ability to double in such a short period of time, or he was a little pleasantly surprised. "We said there was no problem with a basis, because the communes and brigades in Suzhou developed very rapidly at that time, and we knew it well." Dai Lao said, "After the 12th National Congress put forward the goal of 'quadrupling', there were also differences in society at that time. Opinion. Some people think that it is possible for places with a weak economic foundation to quadruple by the end of the century in another twenty years, because their base is low, and it is difficult for regions with a relatively high economic value like our Suzhou region However, the result of our discussion and research is that places with a better economic foundation and a large base may be better able to achieve quadrupling. The reason is: the size is larger and the turnaround is more powerful, so it may be easier to double. Later facts It also proved that." When Comrade Deng Xiaoping heard that the people in Suzhou said they had no problem with "doubling," he seemed very interested, and asked the people in Suzhou from time to time: "What do you rely on?" Suzhou native: "We rely on some small businesses." "We didn't dare to say social enterprises at that time, because the legacy of the Cultural Revolution was still there, and the society had different views on the development of township enterprises in our Suzhou area. Some people thought it was the tail of capitalism." Mr. Dai recalled. Deng Xiaoping seemed to be hearing for the first time, "Small business?" People from Suzhou: "It's just some small businesses run by communes and production teams." Deng Xiaoping: "Oh, this is a commune and brigade enterprise." Suzhou native: "Our Suzhou is close to Shanghai and Wuxi, so it is easy to develop." "We told Comrade Xiaoping: In the 1950s and 1960s, there were a group of devolved personnel in cities, and the Suzhou area received about 100,000 people. These personnel are inextricably linked with various units in Shanghai, Wuxi, Changzhou and other cities. Relying on these people to open up the relationship with Shanghai and other cities, it will be easier to set up some processing enterprises." Dai said. Deng Xiaoping: "Then do you spend a lot of money?" People from Suzhou: "Not many. The commune and brigade companies use the relationship of these people to invite masters to Shanghai as guides. They also use Sundays. We only need to give them a small amount of money, and some don't give money at all. Bringing some agricultural and sideline products back is a reward, and the Shanghainese are quite happy.” Deng Xiaoping smiled and said, "I lived in Shanghai, and Shanghainese like to buy agricultural and sideline products from your 'country folks'." "How big is your commune and brigade enterprise now?" Deng Xiaoping asked. People from Suzhou: "It has already accounted for more than 50% of the industrial output value of the whole region." Deng Xiaoping looked at the Suzhou people with piercing eyes and said, "Half the country is gone!" The Suzhou people said happily: "That's right, half of the country is here!" Deng Xiaoping turned to ask: "Does your development of commune and brigade enterprises have any impact on agriculture?" People from Suzhou: "The development of these enterprises not only does not affect agricultural production, but on the contrary has great support and promotion." Deng Xiaoping: "Why?" People from Suzhou: “Because firstly, we have a lot of surplus labor in the countryside here, and setting up a commune and brigade enterprise can break down part of the surplus labor. Second, after starting a small business, we have accumulated some funds, which can be used for water conservancy projects and some warehouses and roads of the commune and brigade. Wait for the transformation. And we also proposed that every employee who joins the commune and brigade enterprises contribute 10 yuan a month to support agriculture.” "The money accumulated from running commune and brigade enterprises can be used to set up chemical fertilizer factories and agricultural tool factories. At that time, we established many such factories in Suzhou, which strongly supported agricultural production." Dai said. A smile appeared on Deng Xiaoping's face, "Good thing!" "We had a slogan at that time, which was 'industry for agriculture, and industry for agriculture'. After establishing commune and brigade enterprises, not only did farmers get an extra layer of income, but agricultural grain production not only did not decrease, but increased. In normal years, we turn over 1.8 billion to 2 billion catties of grain in Suzhou, and in those years we reached a peak of 2.4 billion catties. Later, the Secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, who became the leader of the Central Committee, came to visit us in Suzhou, and I accompanied him to visit us He was shocked when he saw a farm tool factory, and said: Is this the farm tool factory run by the commune? I said yes. After the provincial party secretary went back, he chartered a plane and brought all the county party secretaries of the province to our Suzhou Come to visit the company and brigade enterprise." Mr. Dai still remembers that period of glorious history. On this day, Deng Xiaoping was very interested. He first visited the gardens in Suzhou, and said to the comrades in Suzhou: "Everyone says that Suzhou is not doing well now, but I think it is very good! You must protect these gardens well." Visiting Tiger Hill, there was no such thing as a "quiet garden" at that time, and there were still many tourists. Deng Xiaoping and his wife Zhuo Lin, accompanied by leaders of Jiangsu Province and Suzhou City, visited Tiger Hill happily.Walking in front of the 400-year-old Huqiu "Peak Plum King", many people were taking pictures there. Deng Xiaoping, who never liked to take pictures, suddenly asked, "Give me one too", so the staff hurriedly "clicked"... "Come here." Deng Xiaoping, who was smiling all over his face, took a picture and waved to Dai Xinsi standing aside.After Dai walked to his side, the two whispered something—— Deng Xiaoping: "Do you think that $800 per capita is well-off?" Dai blushed, because at the time, as the secretary of the Suzhou prefectural committee, he didn't even know how much $800 was, let alone what a well-off society meant, "This..." Deng Xiaoping: "It is the middle level in your rural areas." Day suddenly felt relieved: "Oh, that should be fine." Deng Xiaoping nodded in satisfaction to the secretary of the Suzhou prefectural committee. The next day, Suzhou people arranged for Deng Xiaoping and his party to visit Taihu Lake.Taihu Lake in spring is as beautiful as it is. People often like to describe it as "Smoke Taihu Lake", because the lake under the spring mist seems to be covered by light smoke. Girls describe this kind of mist wave as beautiful as a "wedding dress". , The young men who play with literature and ink say that such mist is a flowing poem.In Deng Xiaoping's eyes, what would the mist of Taihu Lake be? "Well-off. Your peasants in Suzhou have already lived in high-rise buildings. This is close to the level of well-off..." Deng Xiaoping looked at the small peasant buildings with white walls and blue tiles on the shore, and kept looking at them, muttering incessantly . Sitting next to him is Gu Xiulian, a young female governor of Jiangsu Province.Many years later, I interviewed her, who is now the vice chairman of the National People's Congress, in the solemn Great Hall of the People.Regarding Deng Xiaoping’s experience in Suzhou in the spring of 1983, the female governor of the year recalled this way—— "On the Taihu Lake cruise ship, Xiaoping said, after I came to Jiangsu this time, I saw that the people were very happy, and you have built so many new houses here. I told him that as soon as the peasants became rich, they started to build houses, and started to build bungalows. Later, buildings were built because we have less land in the south of the Yangtze River and more people. Comrade Xiaoping said that this is very good. Farmers have houses and buildings to live in, which is very good. Xiaoping said that the agriculture in your Suzhou area is good, and you need to further develop Good. Agriculture is the key point of the country. He said, how to do a good job in agriculture? One depends on policies, and the other depends on technology. He said that you in Jiangsu must rely on technology. Improve productivity. He said that the common people have food to eat, and they will have enough energy to work in the future. Xiaoping also said that Jiangsu is close to Shanghai. How to use this condition to promote the development of productivity is very important. When productivity develops, people’s lives will be better Comrade Xiaoping, who usually doesn't talk much, talked a lot that day and was very excited. The comrades in Suzhou used fish and shrimp from Taihu Lake to hold a fish feast for him. During the meal, Xiaoping said, "You guys reported better today. , I am also very happy, I brought the old Moutai wine from Diaoyutai, Beijing, and I will reward each of you with a glass. As a result, everyone had a very happy lunch..." The trip to Suzhou left a deep passion and good impression on the chief architect of China's reform and opening up.At the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, he represented the second generation of Chinese Communist leaders and proposed to build China into a Chinese-style modern society that "quadruples" by the end of the 20th century—that is, the ideal of a well-off society later. It can be said that it was in Suzhou Confirmation was found. "Hello, are you Secretary Dai from Suzhou?" A few days after Deng Xiaoping left Suzhou, one day Secretary Dai Xinsi suddenly received a "confidential call" from Beijing in his office.The other side said: "I am from Comrade Xiaoping's office, and the chief asked me to verify a figure: Is the per capita housing of farmers in Suzhou over 40 square meters?" "Yes, most of our farmers have achieved 40 square meters per capita." Dai replied affirmatively. "Okay. Thank you, Secretary Dai." A few days after the call was hung up, Deng Xiaoping called several leaders of the central government in charge of economic work in Beijing to talk. Deng Xiaoping said: "This time, I went from Jiangsu to Zhejiang, and then from Zhejiang to Shanghai. I saw that the situation was very good along the way. The people were happy, a lot of new houses were built, the market was rich in supplies, and the cadres were very confident. It seems that the four There is great hope for modernization. To achieve quadrupling by the end of this century, there must be an overall and more specific plan, and each province, autonomous region, and municipality must also have its own specific plan, so that it is well known. Backward areas, such as Ningxia and Qinghai 1. How to implement the law in Gansu should also be well known. We should help the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government to solve their own outstanding problems, and help them create conditions so that their specific plans can be implemented. "Now, the total industrial and agricultural output value of Suzhou City is close to 800 US dollars per capita. I asked the comrades in Jiangsu, what is the society like when this level is reached? What is the development prospect like? They said that at this level, the following questions All have been solved: first, the people's food and clothing problems have been solved, and the basic life has been guaranteed; second, the housing problem has been solved, and the per capita has reached 20 square meters. There are already many three-story buildings; third, the employment problem has been solved, and there are basically no unemployed workers in cities and towns; fourth, people are no longer outflowing, and the situation that people in rural areas always want to run to big cities has changed; fifth. First, primary and secondary education has become popular, and education, culture, sports and other public welfare undertakings can be arranged by themselves; sixth, people's mental outlook has changed, and crimes have been greatly reduced. "Jiangsu's total industrial and agricultural output value doubled from 1977 to last year. If this continues, it will double again in 1988 in another six years..." Deng Xiaoping's trip to the south, especially Suzhou, left a deep impression on him.The Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China determined that China would quadruple its economic growth by the end of the 20th century. Many people shook their heads and thought it was impossible. The reason was that China’s economy was in a state of total collapse ten years after the Cultural Revolution, and it would take twenty years. Quadrupling the total amount is almost impossible. "It's too pessimistic!" Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yun, Li Xiannian, Bo Yibo and other economic veterans thought that those who held this view were too pessimistic, but at that time, no one was sure that they could achieve the goal of quadrupling within 20 years.Regarding this, Deng Xiaoping, who is the most down-to-earth and the leader of the four modernizations, could not help feeling a little bit secretly worried: Yes, in the past 20 years, the goal has been quadrupled. Isn’t the goal too high?Is it impossible at all?It was precisely with this spirit of seeking that in the spring of 1983, Deng Xiaoping couldn't stay any longer. He wanted to visit Jiangsu and Zhejiang, where the Chinese economy had always been the most active, and especially to see what comrades in southern Jiangsu thought of the "translation between two countries". Fan". On the first stop of his trip to Suzhou, Deng Xiaoping found the confidence to "quadruple" from the affirmative and powerful answers of Suzhou people: Suzhou, which has good economic conditions and a much higher base than ordinary places, can achieve "quadruple", then "Quadruple" should not be a problem in places with a relatively low base! Deng Xiaoping was very happy about this. He not only entertained the leading comrades in Suzhou and Jiangsu who accompanied him with Maotai wine from Diaoyutai in Suzhou, but also said several times in front of relevant central leadership comrades after returning to Beijing: I have full confidence in "quadrupling" up.On June 18 of this year, when Deng Xiaoping attended the Beijing Science and Technology Policy Symposium and answered questions about "quadrupling" from several foreign experts, he said with a smile: "The modernization we are pursuing is Chinese-style modernization. The society we are building Socialism is socialism with Chinese characteristics. We mainly rely on self-reliance according to our own actual situation and conditions. We are on the right path now, and the people are happy, and we have confidence. Our policy will not change Yes. If it changes, it will only get better." When Deng Xiaoping went to Suzhou to discuss "quadrupling" and his blueprint for a well-off society in the Chinese style, Suzhou people have always remembered it, and it has become a huge spiritual motivation and work motivation.Among the several Suzhou leaders I interviewed, almost without exception, they told me in this tone: Suzhou can be far ahead in the forefront of the country's economic and social development today, thanks to Deng Xiaoping's legacy in Suzhou. Looking forward to it.Suzhou people told me with relief: By the year 2000, the total industrial and agricultural output value of Suzhou had actually increased by at least four or five times.In the first eight years of the 21st century, they once again achieved "quadrupling", and the total industrial and agricultural output value in 2008 was as high as 2,230.302 billion yuan. Dear Comrade Xiaoping, did you hear that?This is the latest "transcript" reported to you by Suzhou people.Heh——I saw it: you who are far away in heaven are nodding and smiling...