Chapter 39 Chapter 1 Three Milestone Characters

If China in the next 20 years of this century is a truly awakened dragon, then the person who awakened this dragon is Deng Xiaoping.The reality of the great changes that have taken place in a short history proves that Deng Xiaoping's theory of taking the road of Chinese-style socialism is the ideological cornerstone for the Chinese nation to rule the world again. If it is said that farmers in Fengyang, Anhui wrote down their names heavily on a land contract and took the first step in the practice of Deng Xiaoping Theory by Chinese farmers, then Yiwu people only spent more than ten years building on a barren yellow land. It is the Chinese peasants who have really used Xiaoping theory to carry out a great revolution that their ancestors have dreamed of for thousands of years but have never been realized. The "mud legs" became the masters of the city proudly, and miraculously turned every piece of crop land that used to only grow grain into a market that produced gold and cash.It sounds like a very ordinary past, but as the same era, how can we not understand the long twists and turns and turbulent waves in its instantaneous history...

Where is Yiwu?Who are the Yiwu people?Yiwu?Weird word, what do you mean?Perhaps a few years ago, a person like me who often traveled around would ask such a question. Yes, even the Yiwu people themselves told me that, ten or twenty years ago, they themselves were unwilling to open their mouths to let outsiders know who they were from Yiwu.That is the name of a place that Yiwu people do not dare to show off. They are replaced by the "Tangtang Gang" who "exchange chicken feathers for sugar" and are looked down upon or spat on.In the past in the south of the Yangtze River, there was a saying: "Bitter, bitterness is not as good as the sugar gang who wears a snow cape and goes to thousands of houses on the first day of the new year; bad, it is not as bad as a beggar who stays overnight in a pigpen and begs for food." It is said that there have been hundreds of people. People in Yiwu, who traded sugar for chicken feathers in 1986, completely dropped the burden of exchanging sugar for a living by earning chicken feathers and pig bones in 1986 and 1987 12 or 13 years ago.

Only later did I understand why people in Yiwu today were the first to lift Feng Aiqian up when they heard that I was going to write a new history of Yiwu. Feng Aiqian who appeared in front of me was a very typical southern grandma.She said that she is 59 years old this year, and her business is not too big or small, and now she mainly focuses on participating in the management of "China's small commodity market". "It's busy. There are tens of thousands of stalls and hundreds of thousands of merchants. Every day, there are endless tasks and things you can't finish..." Feng Aiqian handed over her business card. I saw that there were so many jobs: Yiwu Municipal Committee Committee member, vice chairman of the self-employed workers association, deputy director of market security...

"People say that I am the 'No. 1 subject' in China's No. 1 city. This is really not blown out. You outsiders now come to see how lively and amazing our Yiwu market is today, but you can't figure it out. How did we now millionaires and billionaire wives walk here with one step at a time, one kneel and three bows." Feng Aiqian's eyes glistened with tears. "In the past, Yiwu people were famous for being poor. Not to mention farmers in the countryside, even urban households like me who eat commodity grains have a better life." Today, there is no Ming Dynasty." Feng Aiqian, who is already a "millionaire" When talking about the past, I can't help myself.She said that when she was young, she was also a farmer from the countryside. In order to realize her dream of being a "city dweller", she dared to act bravely regardless of others pointing her at the back. cooperative".At that time, Feng Aiqian's life was still in the countryside, but the feeling of "eating commodity food" filled her with a sense of pride and superiority, and she sang endless ditties all day long.However, the poor and remote small town of Yiwu was like a wrecked ship at that time. Within a few years, Feng Aiqian was ordered by her superiors to transfer her household registration to the countryside.In order to support 5 children, relying on the dead wages of her husband who works in a supply and marketing cooperative can not even fill the mouths of the whole family.Feng Aiqian told me very sadly that once, in order to cook a full meal for her children, she even crossed 6 thresholds without borrowing a single grain of rice.She had to take her son and daughter to work as a temporary family worker under her husband's unit, and she worked for 7 years.Fast-forward to 1979, and the children started to grow up, and it cost money to go to school and get dressed. Feng Aiqian, a mother, couldn't care less about "saving face". Basket is selling all kinds of small commodities, and can earn a few dollars a day.This is too tempting for Feng Aiqian, a smart woman who has no rice to cook.When she excitedly went to the street to apply for "doing business", a person in charge of the street stared at her and shouted: "We are going to catch those speculators, how are you, and you want to cooperate with them!" !" Feng Aiqian was too frightened to enter the door of the Street Management Committee.

But life is still alive. In 1980, Feng Aiqian, who had dreamed of being a "city dweller" for nearly 40 years, finally realized her dream.In order to move her rural household registration to the city, she sold 10 tans of millet at 8 yuan each, for a total of 80 yuan.At night, Feng Aiqian touched the money in her pocket, constantly thinking about "small money becomes big money". "Hey, do you have any money to lend me?" She pushed her sleeping husband to wake him up. "Are... are you thinking about something in the middle of the night?" The honest husband rubbed his eyes and asked, "Why do you want money? Didn't you just sell grain?"

"I want to start a business, and that money is not enough." "What? You want to do business?" The husband seemed to be woken up by fright. "We were still in a meeting this afternoon and said that we would severely crack down on speculation. Didn't you smash the egg on the rock?" "Why not? My whole family needs to eat, who cares?" Feng Aiqian got angry, "Do you have any money to lend me?" "Except for paying all the salary to you, how can I have any money?" The husband is telling the truth.Helpless, Feng Aiqian had no choice but to ask someone to borrow 300 yuan from the credit union.With the capital of 380 yuan, the 40-year-old Feng Aiqian began the arduous journey of doing business.

The initial business was very simple. First, I went to the department store to buy some cheap buttons, shoelaces, pins and so on. These are the necessities of Yiwu's "chicken feathers for sugar".With less input and less output, I set up a stall on the first day, excluding costs and expenses, and made a net profit of more than 6 yuan.Not to mention how happy Feng Aiqian was!She worked as a temporary worker for more than ten years in the past, and her wages were only 90 cents a day, or 27 yuan a month.Now it's 6 yuan a day, and anyone can calculate this account.On the second day, she made a few more yuan by setting up a stall than on the first day. On the third day, Feng Aiqian went home to do some business of the day, ah, she made a total of 22 yuan!

I've made a deal, I've made a deal with this "profiteer"!Feng Aiqian, who has tasted the sweetness, has never been able to accept it since then. She knows that in order to make money, first, she must buy cheaply, and second, she must sell quickly.At that time, there were only two decent markets in Yiwu, one was Choucheng Town Market, and the other was Niansanli Market, the birthplace of "chicken feathers for sugar".The two bazaars coincide with the double number of the lunar calendar and the odd number of the lunar calendar.In order to catch up with these two markets, after Feng Aiqian set up a stall in this market the morning before, she had to drive to other places to buy goods in the afternoon, and she had to go back that night and prepare the goods so that she could catch up with the other day. a bazaar.Not to mention what kind of things a woman would encounter when setting up a stall on the street to do business, but just talking about buying goods from other places, Feng Aiqian said that she would feel like a nightmare when she thought about it now——

"... In the summer of the first year, I went to the Jinhua Department Store to buy goods, begged people to worship Buddha, and finally bought 2,000 paper fans. After taking a sip of water and a grain of food, I was walking along the railway, and suddenly my heart felt stuffy, my eyes stared at gold stars, and I fell on the side of the railway with my burden... Don’t talk about making money, even my life can’t be taken back. At this moment, a kind crossing worker saw me, and he helped me into the hut, and he brought me water and rubbed my waist. Take it easy. When it comes to the difficulties of buying goods from other places, I can really talk about it for a few days and nights. At that time, the policies in various places were not yet open. We self-employed people went to state-owned units to buy goods. A penny will also be stained with "capitalist germs". But after all, many companies have too many backlogs of products, and we are all cash transactions, so our supply can still be resolved. But the return journey is often better than asking for goods at the door It's even more difficult. "Cracking down on speculators" on the railway line is stricter than catching thieves. In order to avoid one after another inspection, we dare not go through the ticket gate of the railway station. We all have to wait for the train to leave the station or slow down at the station. Get on and off the car during the time. You think it’s a woman in her teens, dragging the goods with a basket. Anyone who sees the scene of picking up the car will say that I want money or life! But how do they know, for a family? In order for my children to go to school and have enough to eat, I did this because I wanted money but did not dare to sacrifice my life! One time I jumped out of a car with a load and almost broke my legs. Those of us who go out to the streets to set up stalls and do business are all regarded as "speculators". If you are not careful, you may be caught by those people wearing red armbands from the "City Management Committee", fined money and belongings, and go to school. I The scariest situation in my memory is going out to buy goods and returning to Yiwu. At that time, unlike now, all roads lead to Yiwu, and there is only one railway connecting the outside, so we can only take the train when going out to buy goods. Every time I go back to Yiwu, I see fast In the few minutes when arriving at the station, the goods were thrown from the window of the car into the crop fields or weeds next to the railway, and then people jumped down with the decelerating car. Turn around and pick up the goods again Then run... You ask why you did this? I'm afraid, when every train arrives at the station, there are always several groups of people wearing red armbands, like military police, patrolling the hundreds of meters around the station entrance, and it's okay to catch them You may find it funny to say that, once I jumped out of the car and just put the dropped goods back into the load, when I straightened up, I saw a person wearing a red armband walking towards me, and I was so scared that I dropped it The burden flopped and I fell to the ground. You said that the man wearing the red armband should check it, but this friend just walked around and didn’t leave, which made me lie in the weeds for several hours. It’s hard, now I think about it. to shed tears..."

The upright Feng Aiqian didn't want others to see her cry, she tilted her head up, and her voice was twice as loud: "You said that we worked so hard to bring back some daily necessities for the common people from outside, and set up a stall in the market to exchange a few It is a hard-earned money, but it is said to be the "tail of capitalism", and it must be cut off. At that time, the dense town of Yiwu Chengguan did not have as many people as it does now, and the city area was not so large, but there were tens of thousands of people living in it. We live here. Every day like a guerrilla, we, the people who set up small stalls, move east and west for an hour. Finally, there is an open space near the county party committee and the county government where we can do business. Climate. People from the relevant departments mobilized a lot of people at once, and drove us businessmen and customers who came to buy goods to run around. Sure. But we are ordinary people, we have to eat and live, so what’s wrong with selling needles, threads, and toothpaste pens that every household can’t do without! We, a group of hawkers who set up stalls on Beimen Street, got together Discussion, once discussion, I feel angry. Everyone said sadly, it seems that the people of Alayiwu can only go out and wear snow to be the "knocking sugar gang" forever, and live a hard life of eating hundreds of meals! After hearing this, I also felt It’s so sad, I wonder if my people’s government and the Communist Party are so incapable of understanding the people’s sentiments? No, I must figure it out, and I have to let the officials tell me clearly, whether to let us people have a mouth to eat?

"I made up my mind, so I stayed at the gate of the county party committee for several days. Because I heard that a new county party secretary had just arrived in the county. If I wanted to look for it, I would find the biggest official. Everyone knows that I want to talk to the county party secretary. , all followed me expectantly and fearfully to see what happened. One day, someone told me that the man who was not tall and dressed plainly was the new secretary of the county party committee Xie. I saw him just coming out of the barbershop , so he bravely went up to him and asked: "Are you Secretary Xie?" He looked at me and asked me what I do? I said: "I do business in the market, and I do a small business to support my family. Why does the government force us to have nowhere to stay every day, or use frighteningly high fees to force us to fail?' After I finished these few words, Secretary Xie looked at me with unusual eyes. There was a large group of onlookers standing behind me, and they shook their heads and said, "You come to my office. When the secretary of the county party committee said this, the guys behind me were really frightened, thinking that you, Feng Aiqian, are finished now. If they were not arrested, they would have to be severely criticized. At that time, the Cultural Revolution had just ended a few years ago, and everyone was deeply affected by class struggle. I was also nervous at the time. He was an official of a county. I’m just a common man, and his words might be enough for me to sit in prison forever! But thinking about it again, even if I go to jail, I have to find out from the secretary of the Communist Party: What is wrong with doing business? Where? Just like that, I followed into Secretary Xie's office. I don't want this Secretary Xie to be loud as soon as he entered, saying that you are making a lot of noise at the gate of the county party committee? I got angry when I heard it. I tapped once, and I tapped twice on the table. Perhaps it was the first time Secretary Xie saw such an ordinary commoner who dared to get so angry in front of him over the question of whether to set up a stall or not, so he even Slowly calmed down, gave me my seat and poured water, and asked me frankly about the lives of the people in Yiwu. As for me, seeing that such a big parent can calm down and listen to the people, the words that have been held in my heart for so many years suddenly seemed to open The water in the sluice, I said, our Yiwu people were poor in their ancestors. We are poor because of the large number of people and the lack of land. But why can we still live and multiply here? It is because Yiwu people know how to do business, so don’t underestimate this ‘chicken feather’ "Exchanging sugar" has a great effect. On the one hand, it solves the contradiction that we have more people, less land, and abundant labor force. People are the most daring and willing to endure hardships. Now other places are opening up, we Yiwu people have no advantages, and we are not as good as others, but people here can do business, and they all know how to "exchange chicken feathers for sugar"! If we can "chicken feathers I don’t believe that people in Yiwu are not as good as others when the spirit of changing sugar and enthusiasm for doing business come into play. When I said this, Secretary Xie’s eyes lit up and asked me, do you really think it’s okay? I said why not? Then I put I started a small business a while ago, and sometimes I made more money in a day than I earned in the past month. Secretary Xie nodded frequently, and kept walking back and forth in the office. Later, he stood in front of me, Said loudly: 'Okay, you go back first, let meThink about it. ’ I was very happy when I heard it, and just as I went out, I remembered an important matter, so I turned around and asked Secretary Xie: ‘Then can we set up a stall on the street? He waved his hand and said yes, you can do it first.I said worriedly again: "But the market managers chase us every day!" Secretary Xie crossed his hands at his waist and said, "Don't worry, I will call them." 'Meeting with the secretary of the county party committee would have such a happy ending, which I never dreamed of.No wonder when I walked out of the gate of the county party committee, those business friends who were waiting outside to watch the fun rushed over and said, why haven't you been arrested?I smiled and said, "Secretary Xie also poured me tea and handed me cigarettes, how could he arrest me!" 'But what everyone is most concerned about is whether to allow stalls to do business.I said: "Just show it, I have the words of Secretary Xie!" 'Everyone was skeptical, but I knew it in my heart. I picked up the burden and put it on the side of the road as before, and then yelled, and my voice was much clearer and louder than usual this day.When the guys saw that I was really starting the business again without any worries, they set up stalls one after another.No, for a few days in a row we set up stalls to sell goods, and it went smoothly, and no one came to chase us away.And within a few days, the county party committee, in the name of 'Rectifying the Market Leading Group', issued the first "Notice" famous in the history of Yiwu's reform and opening up.This "Notice" was hand-copied, and seven or eight copies were posted on Beimen Street.This is great news for those of us "underground workers" who are doing business. As soon as the "Notice" was posted, the citizens watched from three floors inside and outside. That scene is still unforgettable to me.Within a few days, the number of small merchants and hawkers on the streets of Beimen increased several times, and increased every day, until the whole street was filled with stalls, and more people came here to buy goods and watch the excitement. This is our The embryonic form of Yiwu China Small Commodity Market.Now when talking about the events of those years, Yiwu people half-truthfully say that I was the "first person to eat crabs" in Yiwu market.They praised me and said that if you, Feng Aiqian, dared to take the risk of going to jail and be serious with the secretary of the county party committee, the "No. Not to mention it! 'Oh, how dare a mere commoner like me covet the achievements of heaven!To say that Yiwu has what it is today, Secretary Xie, who is in charge of the country, is the most remarkable contribution! ' "Yes, it just so happens that he is also here at this expo, so you must interview him." Feng Aiqian said to me in the first words she recovered from that unforgettable memory. The Secretary Xie she mentioned, whose full name is Xie Gaohua, was the secretary of the Yiwu County Party Committee transferred here in July 1982, and his term of office was until the end of 1984.Xie Gaohua has only been in Yiwu for more than two years, but he is a county leader with the best reputation in Yiwu's history.Because in the minds of more than 600,000 people in Yiwu, they all agreed that it was Secretary Xie Gaohua who overcame the resistance at that time, adapted to the people's will, stood up decisively and smashed the shackles on people's hands and feet, and only then did Yiwu's rapidly developing commodity market and modernization, as well as the affluent life of the people. Xie Gaohua is a monument in the hearts of Yiwu people. When I came to Yiwu, I heard that two years ago, some people raised funds spontaneously to build a marble monument for their Secretary Xie. Later, because Xie Gaohua, who lives in retirement in Quzhou, strongly opposed it, he gave up the project. At the end of October 1998, as a member of the visiting delegation of the Chinese Writers Association, I had the honor to meet and interview Xie Gaohua himself while attending the China Small Commodities Fair in Yiwu City. Xie Gaohua, who is now retiring from office to take care of his life, is much thinner than the legendary figure I imagined, but when he talked about his political career in Yiwu, he talked endlessly—— "I am from Quzhou, Zhejiang. I didn't know much about the situation when I first transferred to Yiwu, but I have heard about the tradition of 'chicken feathers for sugar' here. My mother in her 80s heard that I was going to work in Yiwu, and said sadly, My son, why do you want to go to a poor place? It was the words of the old mother that left a deep pain in my heart. As the saying goes, if you serve as an official, you must leave something for the people. Yiwu is famous for being poor. What can I do after I go there? At that time, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party was held not long ago, and there was still serious interference from the "left" down there. But after I arrived in Yiwu, I felt that the peasants here were very active. Many people set up stalls on the street when they went out to do business. But because the policies at that time were not very clear, the relevant departments generally adopted the "criticism, crackdown, control, and brake" on these phenomena. People complained a lot about this. Feng Aiqian went to my Office theory, to be honest, taught me a lesson. After she left, I have been thinking about such a thing: Since Yiwu has a tradition of doing business well, and the people can improve their lives from it, why don’t we make the best use of the situation and open the net? What? When I put my idea to the meeting of the leading group of the county party committee for discussion, I didn't expect most people to be silent. Why is that? I found out later that it is precisely because Yiwu has had "chicken feathers for sugar" since ancient times The tradition of doing small business, the leaders of the "Cultural Revolution" and even the cadres of the communes, brigades, and production teams have always been criticized by their superiors. There is a history of secretly going out with rattle drums to "exchange chicken feathers for sugar" to engage in business operations, and some brigades, production teams, and even commune cadres led teams out. This was of course a "serious political problem" during the "Cultural Revolution" era. To seize such a typical example, it must be No good results. But the comrades in Yiwu told me that in our Yiwu, the "chicken feathers for sugar" thing is like wildfire spring breeze. No matter how you fight, ban, or drive it away, it will not be broken. I asked what is it? What's the reason? They only told me one sentence: If you are poor, you will naturally have to try to survive! The words of Feng Aiqian and these cadres touched my heart at that time. Tang's business style, conduct a thorough investigation to see whether it should be banned or released. For this reason, I mobilized a group of cadres from the county government to conduct a comprehensive investigation and listen to opinions from all sides. I personally went to Choucheng , Yidong, Suxi, Fotang, Yiting and many other villages and towns. Because I was a newcomer, there were newspapers and TVs in the counties and cities, and not many people knew me as the secretary of the county party committee. So it is easy to get first-hand information. But there are exceptions. One time, a cadre from the Industry and Commerce Bureau went to the countryside with me in a jeep. People were afraid of 'beating', and when they saw us get out of the car, they went out to escape. I joked to the cadre of the Industry and Commerce Bureau: "No, you can't go with me within a year or two, otherwise I won't even be able to get close to a common people. !'" Through the investigation, the conclusions are as follows: more than 50% of the people think that opening up the business market is not a problem and should be vigorously advocated, 40% of the people think that it is not a big problem and can be tried, and only 45% of people are against it.With this investigation basis, Xie Gaohua proposed at the county government meeting: "Yiwu's small commodity business is not a big 'burden', but a big advantage of Yiwu, which should be vigorously advocated and encouraged..." As soon as the words fell, the venue There was a lot of discussion on the Internet, and it was obvious that most people were overjoyed, but some people immediately asked: "But the higher authorities will severely crack down on all kinds of speculative activities. Business activities such as 'chicken feathers for sugar' are clearly speculative and capitalist. We should deal a resolute blow to the tail, and cut off its tail mercilessly!" This is a sensitive issue, but it cannot be avoided.At that time, he was also very excited, but he still suppressed his emotions, and said frankly to everyone in popular language: "I have done "cutting the tail of capitalism" in other counties in the past, but it turned out to be counterproductive and affected the local people With the development of productivity, the people complained. Now our party calls for reform and opening up, and seek truth from facts. Although I have not been in Yiwu for a long time, from the words of the people and the deep feelings of the cadres, I think it is unreasonable to "cut the tail of capitalism". Take our Yiwu people's tradition of "exchanging chicken feathers for sugar" as an example. People celebrate the new year happily, but our Yiwu shopkeepers travel north and south in the ice and snow, day and night, slipping and kicking across the mountains and ridges, going from house to house to use Sugar is exchanged for chicken feathers and chicken gills. After returning home, sell the top-quality chicken feathers to the country to support exports, and use the poor ones directly as fertilizer for the field, and sell the chicken gizzards to pharmaceutical companies to earn a little profit for yourself. Such a business that is beneficial to the country and the people is not good enough. How can it be said to be "capitalism" and cut off as the "tail of capitalism"? I am here to express my position to everyone. From now on, we will work for Yiwu People's "chicken feathers for sugar" rectification, not only is it not allowed to classify this kind of business activities as "capitalism" for criticism, but also vigorously promote and actively encourage it!" The first "Notice" was issued after this meeting , Xie Gaohua urged the people below to come up with it.The Choucheng and Niansanli Small Commodity Markets, which were first opened, went from "underground" to "ground", and Yiwu people began a historic turning point... I noticed that Xie Gaohua's face did not match his actual age, and there were too many vicissitudes, and this may be the unusually resolute side of his character. The lifting of the ban on the Yiwu Small Commodity Market has enabled hundreds of thousands of Yiwu people who are good at management, daring to do things and willing to endure hardships, to get rid of the shackles that have been tied to them for many years and join the ranks of management one after another.A large number of farmers moved from the ridges to the city, some of them started the traditional "chicken feathers for sugar" again with the rattle drum, and more set up stalls on the street to buy goods from other places and return to Yiwu.In particular, some skilled craftsmen are all in action. They re-use the skills handed down from their ancestors to develop traditional processing industries such as sugar making and jujube production.While the peasants were happily working hard, the cadres and workers of the state-owned and collective businesses cried out for their suffering, saying that Xie Gaohua's release had messed up the whole of Yiwu. The letter is as many as two sacks.In particular, people from several state-owned commercial units in the city even blocked the gate of the county party committee and asked Xie Gaohua to withdraw the "Notice No. 1". "Are you from a stationery store?" Xie Gaohua glanced around and asked, seeing that there were a few workers in the store under the Commerce Bureau. "That's right." The other party didn't understand what he meant. Xie Gaohua smiled and said: "Let me tell you something that happened a few days ago. It was my personal experience. I ran out of pencils for approving documents that day, so I went to your place to buy pens. I saw a The salesperson was immersed in reading the novel, and she was very excited. I asked her if she had any pencils for sale, but she said no without raising her head. I looked down into the glass cabinet, and there were obviously a lot of the kind of pens I wanted. , Don’t you just say that comrades have pens here? The clerk stood up impatiently, took out a pen and threw it on the counter, without discussing the price, just looked down at her novel... Comrades, let me say this The matter is not made up, do you admit that such a thing has happened? But with such a business attitude and service level, how can the operators in the small commodity market not overwhelm you? Let me tell you, you don’t solve yourself If the state-owned and collective units are overwhelmed and squeezed out by small businessmen, they deserve it!" What the secretary said made those who were just now confident and confident lower their heads with red faces. But the problem is far from that simple. People from other places know that there is a famous specialty product in Zhejiang - Jinhua ham. In fact, the real birthplace of "Jinhua ham" is Yiwu.After Xie Gaohua let the farmers do business and markets, several farmers in Fotang Town, which has traditional crafts, set up a "Tianxin Ham Factory".The news spread that the provincial, prefectural, and county food companies quit. They found the county party committee and insisted on closing the ham factory run by farmers in Fotang Town. The reason was that Jinhua ham had been exclusively operated by the state-owned food company for decades. Not entitled to participate.Xie Gaohua was very angry when he heard this, and said: "Jinhua ham was created by the people of Jinhua, not by the food company. Farmers created ham, so how can they have the right to process ham? As for the quality of private ham processing and the export of products, as long as Guaranteed to meet the relevant requirements, just obey the plan and arrangements above!" "Secretary Xie, what you say is tantamount to indulging farmers to undermine national policies. We cannot agree. If you don't order them to close down, we will go to the province and the central government to sue you!"But they ran into a county party secretary who was never afraid for the benefit of the people. "You can sue as you please, but let me order to shut down the farmers' processing factories, even if they are dismissed, I will not do it!" Xie Gaohua replied firmly. History is such a ruthless judge.We might as well make a hypothesis. If, more than ten years ago, Xie Gaohua had not opened the door for the individual economy and turned the tide with all his strength, would Yiwu be known as the "No. 1 City in China" today? Won't. The 640,000 Yiwu people told me clearly. However, Xie Gaohua, who has gone through vicissitudes and is still living a civilian life today, said: "At that time, there were no specific regulations on opening up and developing the market economy. The proposed ideological line of seeking truth from facts proceeds from the reality of Yiwu, dares to take risks, allows individual economy, and develops the small commodity market. It is due to the spirit of being the first in the world, daring to tell the truth and doing practical things!" Yes, in terms of natural conditions and geographical advantages, Yiwu has nothing to compare with counties and cities in open coastal areas. Even in Zhejiang and Jinhua, Yiwu has no innate advantages over others. He went first on the open road, and walked so valiantly and vigorously!It's hard to imagine, and it's impossible without enough mental strength and fearless courage. Dare to explore and practice has been the nature of Yiwu people since ancient times.When I set foot on this hot land, I realized that the author of the poem "Goose, goose, goose, singing to the sky, white hair floating on green water, red palms touching the clear waves" was actually from Yiwu. , he is King Luo Bin, known as one of the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty".Back then, King Luo Bin's "Let's see who is in charge of the world in today's domain"'s campaign against Wu shocked the Wu family's court and then became a masterpiece through the ages.Perhaps it is Luo Binwang's unyielding arrogance that makes modern Yiwu outstanding. Chen Wangdao, the first translator of the Chinese version of "Communist Manifesto", a famous linguist, Feng Xuefeng, a revolutionary literary theorist, and Mr. Wu Han, an outstanding historian, are all from Yiwu. When I came to Yiwu for the first time, the whole country commemorated the 20th anniversary of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Deng Xiaoping Theory, as the guiding ideology of the Chinese Communists in the new historical period, has now been written into the party constitution. enshrined in the country's constitution.This is where the hearts of the people and the soul of the country belong.What is the core of Deng Xiaoping Theory?Yes, it is advocating seeking truth from facts and taking the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. What is socialism with Chinese characteristics?What is true socialism?Comrade Deng Xiaoping and his theories have found scientific, accurate and groundbreaking answers to the above questions.Any truth and historical experience needs to be tested by practice.What is valuable about a true philosopher lies in his initial sensitivity and discovery.When history has moved towards the 21st century, we look back and see that Yiwu people took the lead in creating a small commodity market dominated by self-employment more than ten years ago. You will be shocked to find that Feng Aiqian, Xie Gaohua and others, in What a great thing they did!As I write this, I have to write about another person in Yiwu. He is Feng Zhilai, the descendant of King Luo Bin and the descendant of Feng Xuefeng. Feng Zhilai has almost no direct relationship with the current market in Yiwu. From the beginning of Feng Aiqian and his stalls on Chouzhou Beimen Road to the growth of Yiwu's socialist market economy that is blooming everywhere today, Feng Zhilai is just an enthusiastic and calm bystander. Although he also published a monograph "Xingshi Biangu Ji" on the thinking and development of Yiwu market, he is one of the extraordinary figures who first put forward the theory of Chinese-style socialism.Just as the peasant market economy in Yiwu, which is known as "the first city in China" today, is unbelievable to the people of the country, an ordinary commoner, Feng Zhilai, wrote Deng Xiaoping Theory in 1962 more than 30 years ago. Two works, "Semi-Socialism" and "Why", have extremely consistent content. What was the historical stage of China in 1962?It was a special period when extreme "left" thoughts and severe natural disasters were hitting the land of China.The People's Republic has been going through ups and downs and bumps for more than 10 years. Although the people have turned themselves into masters, the body of the country and the hearts of the people have been riddled with scars.What is socialism?Where and how will socialism go?These questions, which seem to have been defined one by one by the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, have time and time again made those philosophers who are good at thinking and exploring have doubts.A 27-year-old Yiwu youth who grew up in a remote rural area of ​​Zhejiang, where there are no philosophical disputes, only poverty and constant surveillance, wrote the six-character "On Semi-Socialism" under a dim kerosene lamp. ". how?Is there still a half of socialism? ! Yes, this young man in Yiwu, who had just been stripped of his rightist hat, faced a series of shocking and harsh realities that repeatedly stung the hearts of the people. He shouted loudly: Although "the People's Democratic The path of peace, the eradication of exploitation and poverty, and a prosperous and happy socialist society. After the land reform, we began to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country, and gradually realized the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce, so that our country出现了一片繁荣发展的景象。但是近年来，由于照我们所创造的一套办法行事之后，那一丝刚刚挂在多灾多难的中国人民脸上的笑容，又不得不去坐它的禁闭… …”一句话：“中国不能通过资本主义而后进入社会主义，这是早有人论证过的，但是它也不可能马上进入社会主义。只有通过半社会主义的相当长的发展阶段，才能完成社会主义建设。这是由中国生产力状况所决定的，这是中国的主客观多方面的历史条件所决定的，任何人都不能违背这个经济发展规律。” 我看到冯志来的《半社会主义论》原文是在他写出30多年后的今天。今天是个好年代，今天我们共产党人通过对半个世纪的社会主义道路的探索，得出的一个重要结论是：我国现阶段只是社会主义初级阶段，而且这个初级阶段还需要相当长的历史。聪明的人们自然会发现，当今天我们认真读一下江泽民总书记在党的十五大上所作的报告，读一读关于全国人大会议所作的修改宪法的决议，你是不是感觉到为什么30多年前义乌人冯志来所论述的“半社会主义”理论与今天我们党所说的社会主义初级阶段理论何等相似相近！ 不错，就其精神实质，冯志来当年的“半社会主义”概念完全可以说与今天我们常挂在嘴边的社会主义初级阶段理论，如出一辙。冯志来了不起也就在于此。要不然，他这么个小人物也不至于成为毛泽东所言的“两个半包产到户理论家”之一而载入中国农村社会主义革命和建设的特殊史册。 30多年前中国社会正处在一段灾难的历史阶段，以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人对什么是社会主义、怎么进行社会主义有着很多迷茫和混乱的理论与实践，致使社会民生危机四伏。义乌人冯志来就是在这样的背景下，开始了对真理的重新探求，他生活于社会底层，对农民和百姓生活有切肤之感，当然对社会上刮起的极“左”风所带来的灾难性后果有更深刻、更直接的了解。他从祖先骆宾王那儿继承了刚正不阿的血脉，又从同族叔伯冯雪峰身上学到了献身真理的勇敢精神，故而他孜孜不倦地在常人难以想象的艰苦条件下，向毕生所挚爱的党投出了一部惊世的诤文—— “我党近来犯了主观主义、急躁冒进的毛病，非但在生产力不能为农业提供成套农机的时候，实行了全盘合作化，而且还利用加重粮食征购，平调农民财产的手段来发展工业，从而使生产力和生产关系的统一遭到破坏。” 那么出路何在？ “我认为包产到户确是一条相对的唯一出路。有人认为这是资产阶级路线，是资本主义复辟，是恢复小农经济，是单干。我说这是十足的装腔作势，借以吓人。诚然，包产到户实质上是单干，是搞小商品生产。但它是在中华人民共和国、无产阶级专政下的单干和小商品生产，它是在土地国有的前提下的单干和小商品生产。这难道和封建社会、资本主义社会的小商品生产一模一样吗？难道有人看到自己的父亲有鼻子，就认为有鼻子的人都是自己的父亲吗？ “应该得出结论：目前唯一的办法，就是实行属于社会主义范畴的包产到户和小商品生产，允许农民独立经营，允许为他们服务的商贩和手工业的独立经营……这样做，是完全从中国现阶段生产力出发，完全是为了调动农民的劳动自觉性，完全是为了解决六亿人民的吃饭穿衣问题，完全是为了抑制农村高利贷苗头、防止阶级分化。这是六亿人民的呼声！中华民族的呼声！是巩固工农联盟和人民民主专政国家所绝对必要的！” 听，中国人民听到了吗？ 啊，义乌人，我好为你们感到自豪！想象你们在30多年前，就有人站出来为你们后来所进行的包产到户、发展小商品市场而大声疾呼！智慧的哲人总是先知于别人。在激动地读着冯志来当年写下的《半社会主义论》原稿时，我一遍又一遍地思考着，假如历史允许有一种这样的假设——当年义乌人就按照冯志来所疾呼的“包产到户”、搞小商品市场，那今天的义乌是不是就可以同新加坡比个高低了？假设毛泽东同志也听进了冯志来的一声疾呼，后来的“文革”是不是就可能避免？整个中国的发展是不是比现在要强上10倍20倍呢？然而，我们假设的一切都没有在现实生活中发生。倒是冯志来这位不屈的硬汉子做了一件书生气十足的举动，最后落得自己的几十年苦役，而且还激怒了毛泽东，牵连了冯雪峰…… 1962年4月底的一天，就在《半社会主义论》完稿一周之时，冯志来满怀壮志，带着口袋中仅有的农业局补发的160元工资，踏上了北去的列车。当然，他的身上还有最重要的东西，那便是他几个月呕心沥血、几经易稿写出的《半社会主义论》文稿。为了能让最高层的决策者和舆论界重视，他特意抄了三份，每一份前面都附了一个便笺，上面引用了文天祥就义前的名句：“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”，以表骨鲠在喉、一吐为快、不计生死的壮志。两天之后，他来到北京前门的一家小旅馆住下，随即分别将文稿送至中共中央、《红旗》杂志和人民日报社。 “你？一个兽医竟大谈政治？”在中共中央办公厅的信访处，一位年轻干部不屑一顾地扫了一眼冯志来递上的文稿，然后不无轻蔑地说，“下面刮'五风'的情况，中央已经知道了，你就去干好自己的工作，啊？” 冯志来望着那张十分幼稚、又一副装腔作势的脸，心头顿涌无名之火，可他又能再说什么呢？冯志来当时并不知道，眼前的这位中央办公厅信访科的“跑腿”，就是后来在“文革”中出尽风头的戚本禹。 回到故乡后，冯志来一直天真地期待《人民日报》、《红旗》杂志能把他的文章刊登出来，或者派人来征求意见什么的，可一等几十天如同石沉大海，他周围的农民兄弟们依然狂热地举着旗帜，在进行着所谓的“社会主义革命和建设”，更使他不能置之不理的是他一直热心关注的安徽省包产到户经验也开始被批判、被解散了。于是在无人理会他的《半社会主义论》的两个多月后，冯志来压不住心头之焦虑，用更加尖锐的笔锋直向权威发出挑战。 “我这篇文章是为了修正与补充《半社会主义论》一文的，都是献给共产党内的同志们看、献给革命者看的。所以我不想隐瞒自己的观点，因为那是懦者的表现，不是老实态度。为了革命的利益，为了国家民族的利益，我觉得在困难关头，人人都应该挺身而出，去挑几斤担子。任何明哲保身或袖手旁观的自由主义态度，都不是革命者所应有的，它有负于天下苍生，有负于人民期望。为此，不管本文怎样触动权威，都希望同志们耐心读下去……” 冯志来为这篇取名为《怎么办》的文章，让革命的同志们读些什么呢？我们不妨找出原文看一看： “我们目前的困难是怎样造成的？错在哪里？人们往往以自然灾害和五风来加以回答，但是除非政治上的庸人，都不难认识，天灾是次要的，五风仅仅是社会生活的反映的五种表面现象，实质是左倾错误……人民要求对他们每一个人息息相关的、像汪洋大海一样的、对于我国命运有着决定意义的广大农村采取正确路线和策略。为此，我们依照马列主义普遍真理，根据当前的实际情况……这就是说，首先承认中国经济发展之不平衡，及社会主义改革和社会主义建设之长期性。对于那些确实增了产已经形成集体生产物质条件的先进地区，应全力巩固和发展集体经营。另一方面，对集体经营条件还没有成熟的地区，应当在现有人民公社土地集体所有的基础上，实行按口粮基分，包产到户。对于缺少劳力或遭天灾人祸无法独立经营的少部分赤贫户，可根据他们自愿，另行组织贫困队，在国家扶持下实行集体经营。即使他们自愿包产到户，也应该帮助他们实行各种形式的互助。这样，我们抓住了先进地区一头，又抓住了农村中贫困落后的一头……最大限度地使用人力物力，就能够加速国民经济的恢复……” 冯志来这回又同样将文稿一式三份寄至中共中央、《红旗》杂志和人民日报社，只是为吸取上次杳无音信的教训，想了个“小聪明”：在署名处加了“冯雪峰侄儿”几个字。他知道同族叔叔是名人，容易引起有关人士的重视。这一招还真被冯志来想对了，不过“大右派冯雪峰”早在毛泽东那儿挂上了号，在看到冯志来写的《半社会主义论》和《怎么办》的文稿后，便有了后来毛泽东见浙江省委书记时，声色俱厉地说你们浙江工作没多少起色，包产到户的理论家却出了“两个半”。冯志来算得毛泽东话中所说的一个吧。 后来的结局可以想象，不久中央召开八届十中全会，“以阶级斗争为纲”就是此次全会上提出的，冯志来从此被打入十八层地狱。直至1980年，他上书胡耀邦，终于在1983年10月彻底平反。此时正值好官谢高华在义乌当县委书记，他读完当年冯志来写的《半社会主义论》和《怎么办》，拍案叫绝：“这是个人才呀！”不几日，谢高华把冯志来从兽医岗位调进了县委机关。几年后，冯志来成了义乌市经济研究中心负责人，直至1998年退休。而这段时间，正是义乌农民联产承包、个体经济蓬勃发展、小商品市场逐渐形成的时期。冯志来不曾想到的是，30年前他在受监视管制的茅棚油灯下畅想的“半社会主义理论”，不仅如涓涓小溪流进了邓小平理论这条大江之中，而且就在自己的家乡，父老乡亲们依靠劳动和智慧，取得了市场经济的卓越成就。 在一派繁花似锦、商意浓浓的社会主义初级阶段的蒸蒸日上的景象面前，冯志来这位沉默了几十年的哲人，诗兴大发。