Chapter 15 Chapter 4 Dongguan: 30 years surpassing the West by 300 years
Destiny often makes some bad jokes with people.
One evening in May 1979.Humen Shajiao seaside.
The see-off team of two or three hundred people stood in a large black mass.Amidst countless parting calls and cries, the young men carrying the packages stepped into a simple motor boat on the shore one after another.
The boat was about to leave. Suddenly, a car horn sounded "beep" from far and near, and an old jeep drove over.The crowd became restless, and the leaders of the commune arrived.
Before the car stopped, Li Guikang, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Humen Commune, stepped out of the car door. Looking at the scene in front of him, he shouted loudly: "Don't go! Everyone don't go..."
The air on the riverside suddenly became heavy, but there was a rebound soon - after a brief silence, there was even greater noise and noise. Li Guikang's voice was drowned out by the voices of people one after another, and an angry roar came from the other end of the crowd: "We will Go to Hong Kong!" "We want to go there to survive!"
Anxious Li Guikang stepped forward, trying to push through the crowd and walk to the shore, but the hundreds of people formed a human wall, making it difficult for him to move forward.Li Guikang raised his arms anxiously and shouted: "Everyone, don't go, don't go, our side is getting better, don't go..." However, his voice was quickly drowned out by the crazy noise, together with his tall and thin body...
Li Guikang retreated helplessly and got into the car.He stood on the car seat, raised the horn and said to everyone: "Folks, listen to me, don't go! We have reformed and opened up now, and our life will definitely get better. You must believe in the government and us party, we will be better in the future..."
Suddenly, someone in the crowd yelled "Mind your own business!" Then, people gathered around one after another, shaking their fists emotionally, threatening and cursing at him.I don't know who started it. In a blink of an eye, the old jeep was pushed down...
On the other side of the crowd, a boat full of fifty or sixty people set sail without hesitation amidst the rumbling sound of motors.
The long white waves rolled over one after another.In the sound of the waves, Li Guikang's lonely voice still echoed on the river for a long time: "You will regret it, you will come back! You will come back one day!"
The scene soaked in tears finally flowed away with the tide.
After many years passed by, the waves of fate rolled back the fugitives one after another.Whenever they pass by here, recalling the scene of that year, they can't help shaking their heads and sighing: life is like a drama!
Marx once said a meaningful sentence: All great world historical events and characters will appear twice, once as a tragedy and once as a comedy.
In China, it was the historical event of reform and opening up that, with a kind of great power, quickly transformed this drama, which started in a strong tragic atmosphere, into a comedy that everyone liked.
With its unique historical development and vicissitudes, Dongguan has perfectly fulfilled this role in 30 years. Therefore, it has become the most distinctive and glorious place in the history of China's reform and opening up.
During the three years from the summer of 2006 to the summer of 2008, with special emotion and curiosity about this magical land, the author came here again and again, feeling all the fascinating beauty and passion, and personally experienced Every expression of the lovely people in this brand new world after the vicissitudes of life...
Looking at the vast sea, and looking back at Humen, a land facing the ocean, my heart seems to be hit by waves.
Amazing coincidences keep appearing here in Chinese history-the waves of the sea have crashed into the gate of China twice here, and each impact is earth-shattering!
From the map of China, we can see that there are as many as eight gates at the mouth of the Pearl River system, and Humen was selected by history as the gate of history. Therefore, Humen got its name and became the gate of the country—the gate of China.
Who would have expected that Humen, known as the "Golden Lock and Copper Pass", was so vulnerable back then.
Since the door of this country was blasted open by the British artillery, China has suffered seven large-scale invasions - the Opium War, the Anglo-French Allied Forces Invasion War, the Sino-French War, the Eight-Power Allied Forces Invasion War, the Russo-Japanese War, and the Japanese War of Aggression against China...
Looking at the history of world civilization, people will find that in the long history, China has not only kept pace with the world, but even led the trend of world civilization for a long time. Chinese culture has become a powerful culture in the world. The highest achievement in the world.If you read the history book of China's economy, you will find that China was once one of the wealthiest countries in the world. 300 years ago, China's GDP ranked first in the world. Even in 1840, China's gross national income still accounted for a quarter of the world.
So, how did this once richest country in the world fall into the situation where it was beaten and cut off for compensation step by step?What kind of force made Humen, the once solid door, easily opened, and China quickly slipped into the abyss of disaster?
Perhaps, Zeng Guofan, known as the minister of ZTE in the late Qing Dynasty, summed up the reason for this by saying "probably made in the West".
This "Western manufacturing" comes from the industrial revolution that flourished in the 18th century.As the industrial revolution in the West was in full swing, the great powers of Western Europe rose alternately, while our nation was still resting on its laurels in the agricultural civilization.We don't know that in the deep sleep, the two worlds inside and outside the door have formed a huge gap.
Perhaps, the decayed and sleeping China needs to be awakened by the sound of artillery, but the price is too high and it is full of blood.
In such artillery fire, Humen has thus become a land of resistance.From Lin Zexu’s Smoke Pond, Weiyuan Fort, Shajiao Fort and other anti-British ancient battlefield sites, from the former residence of Jiang Guangnai, a famous anti-Japanese general, to the monument to Zhu Zhixin, a democratic revolutionary fighter who spilled blood on Humen, all reflect the unyielding soul of the Chinese people!Until the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, our nation was still struggling in the severe environment of saving our nation and surviving.
But the mouth of the sea will not be depressed and inactive forever.The descendants of the dragon look up at the sky, looking forward to rising, longing for prosperity—they are waiting for opportunities, for the sky to clear and the waves to rise again.
In 1978, China began to recover from the turbulent years.
The night is getting brighter, the sun rises from the east, and the world begins to focus on China...
The British "Guardian" once commented on China in 2006: In 1978, a socialist country began to take a tentative step from egalitarianism to a market economy. China's transformation has shifted the center of gravity of the world to the east; The Post also pointed out: From being "poor and white" 30 years ago to being a "world power" now, the Chinese have unknowingly experienced the rise of Western developed countries that took 300 years to complete; January 3, 2007 Lu Yiyi, a scholar at the Royal Institute of International Studies in London, exclaimed in the "Straits Times": China is a "mystery"!
How does a great country rise?What kind of power did China use to move the center of the world eastward?
To solve this "mystery", we need to turn our attention to Humen again.Because it was Humen, the gate to the East that had been sealed for 140 years, that opened first in the waves of reform and opening up, thus opening the prelude to China's rise.
What an astonishing historical coincidence!
When we extend our eyes to the back of Humen, you will find that it is shining brightly, and the dazzling oriental light is surprising: when did such a gorgeous and brilliant light shine on the territory of the Chinese nation?
Yes, when did a modern big city rise here?Isn't this a poor and backward agricultural county in the past?
Yes, it is this former agricultural county that completed the industrialization process at an unprecedented speed in just 30 years and completed the road to rise that took Western countries 300 years to complete.Today, she stands at the mouth of the Pearl River, showing the world with the light that has attracted much attention: China is rising!China cannot but rise!The rise of China must be radiant!
To explore the mystery of the rise of China, a great eastern country, we might as well find the answer from the unique light of Dongguan——
July 6, 1978, was not a special day.However, this day is of great significance to Guangdong and Fujian provinces.On this day, the State Council formulated the "Trial Regulations on Foreign Processing and Assembly and Compensation Measures for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" (Dongguan people call this "Document No. 22") for these two provinces. In 1979, the State Council turned the trial regulations into official regulations.
"Document No. 22" triggered a term called "three to one supplement", and it was this highly controversial term that changed the fate of Dongguan.It can be said that the opening of the door of Dongguan's reform and opening up started from this "No. 22 Document".
You can also think of it this way: if the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party is the clarion call for the reform of China’s great era, then Dongguan people are the brave pioneers of reform who are at the forefront under this clarion call!
However, in those days 30 years ago, even the people of Dongguan themselves were not consciously aware of the role of the bearer of history.The only memory is that you and I, who are hungry, are all looking for the ray of dawn before dawn.
There are a few historical shots like this——
On the afternoon of July 30, 1978, Li Yulong, a farmer in Taiping Commune, met an old bachelor in the village on the road, and quietly told the old bachelor one thing, saying that he was going to the southeast corner tonight.
The southeast corner mentioned by Li Yulong refers to Hong Kong on the other side of the sea.In those days, the locals did not dare to say "Hong Kong" directly, and they used to call it "Southeast corner".At night, as long as people stand at the window of their home, they can see a red light in the sky above the southeast corner.That piece of red light meant heaven to them.
After inquiring about some things from the old bachelor, Li Yulong walked back along the narrow road in Taiping Commune, feeling unknowingly heavy. He didn't know if he could make it tonight. Everything is going well, and I don’t know when we will meet each other... As we walked, 3 men walked towards us. They didn’t look like locals at first glance. Among them, the tall man with glasses was particularly eye-catching. He looked 40 years old. Judging from his clothes, he might be someone from the "southeast corner". He was thinking about it when the man came up to him and asked for the way, how to get to Taiping Garment Factory.
Li Yulong showed them the way.After seeing the backs of the three people slowly disappear, Li Yulong walked home slowly.
That night, shortly after dark, Li Yulong set off.
On November 15, 2007, nearly 30 years later, Li Yulong, who was nearly fifty years old, recalled to the author the thrilling smuggling that night in a teahouse in Chang'an Town: "We started at around 11 o'clock in the evening. We rowed in the direction of the Hong Kong Power Plant. After rowing for about six or seven hours, that is, around 5:00, our boat arrived in Hong Kong. After we got off the boat, we walked separately, and another person and I walked along a mountain road Walking forward, I didn’t expect that a lot of Hong Kong policemen suddenly appeared in less than half an hour. After being locked up in Hong Kong for two or three days, they were sent back. When I came back here, I was locked up for a while, first in Sanhe, Guangzhou The detention center was closed for 7 days, then transferred to Zhangmutou, Dongguan, where it was held for a few days, and then in Dalang, where it was held for more than a month before being released..."
A few days after Li Yulong was released back to Taiping, he saw the middle-aged man wearing glasses who asked him the way twice on the road.After inquiring, it turned out that he was from Hong Kong. Now he has started business with Taiping Garment Factory and opened a company called "Taiping Handbag Factory".
This Hong Kong native is called Zhang Zimi.
In fact, if there is no "No. 22 Document", Zhang Zimi is likely to go bankrupt and become a penniless pauper.However, a thing called fate made him the first person in China's "three come one make up" by accident.
At that time, Zhang Zimi was the boss of Hong Kong Xinfu Handbag Co., Ltd., with two to three hundred workers.Over the past year, Zhang Zimi has been in a state of desperation, and is deeply in the moment when the company is facing bankruptcy due to the increase in labor costs in Hong Kong.He racked his brains every day, racked his brains to try to get out of the predicament, and once moved his mind to the inland, but unfortunately the door to the inland has been closed.When Zhang Zimi inadvertently heard that the Mainland had promulgated "Document No. 22" in mid-July 1978, stipulating that Guangdong could conduct a trial of "Three Reimbursements and One Replenishment", he suddenly realized that he had turned from a dead end The opportunity came, so he hurried to Guangdong to inquire about the situation the day after he heard about "Document No. 22".After inquiring, I learned that the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government have responded quickly to the State Council's "No. 22 Document" and designated Dongguan, Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde, and Zhongshan as pilot projects.
Zhang Zimi was elated, and he immediately approached the Guangdong Light Industry Bureau through Guangdong's China Resources Company to learn more about the situation.Coincidentally, the staff member of the Guangdong Light Industry Bureau who received him happened to be from Dongguan, so he recommended him to come to Dongguan for development.
Things in the world are so full of chance.
After inspecting several places in Dongguan, Zhang Zimi came to Taiping (this place was merged with Humen into Humen Town in 1985).In this place full of farmland, he inquired all the way, and finally found a small workshop called Taiping Garment Factory.
In September 1978, China's first "three to one compensation" enterprise - Taiping handbag factory was established in Humen.
Since the promulgation of the "No. 22 Document" of the State Council, the leaders of the Dongguan County Party Committee and the county government have attached great importance to it, and they are also intensely and enthusiastically studying and discussing how to further implement the spirit of the document.
On December 18 of this year, a major historical meeting that will determine China's future, destiny and direction - the third plenary meeting of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. This landmark meeting marked the rebirth of our party. The Marxist ideological line and organizational line were established, the second generation of central leadership with Deng Xiaoping as the core was formed, and the policy of reform and opening up was determined in the authoritative form of the Central Plenary Session.
At the moment, the leaders of Dongguan are paying close attention to all this. From the communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and related speeches, they are excited to realize that development is the last word.
Only by developing the economy can there be a real way out.The leaders of Dongguan County deeply understand these principles. They know that quickly solving the problem of food and clothing for the people is their top priority, but they know better what kind of family background Dongguan has right now: no funds, no technology, no equipment, no talents, can It is said that it is poor and empty, so how can all this develop?
The era has forced Dongguan to make a major decision as soon as possible to blaze a "bloody road" for rapid development.
The "blood road" in front of Dongguan is the "three to one supplement" brought about by the "No. 22 Document".
In order to seize the important development opportunity of "three to one supplement", the county leaders quickly reached a consensus: Dongguan will accept all incoming materials for processing!Dongguan opens its doors without setting any thresholds.Not only that, but also mobilize all cadres and masses in Dongguan to contact relatives and friends in Hong Kong and persuade them to come back and invest.In order to solve the immediate difficulties of having no funds and no factory buildings, the county party committee also proposed several full utilizations: make full use of land resources; make full use of labor resources; ...
On December 21, 1978, before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held in Beijing, the Dongguan County Party Committee issued the No. 27 document of the county, and 48 elite soldiers were drawn from the county Party committee and various functional departments of the county government to form Dongguan The "Foreign Material Processing and Assembly Business Leading Group" is in charge of the county's "three to one compensation" work and joint venture business negotiations.
In order to improve work efficiency, they took the lead in launching the one-stop service of administrative approval in the whole country.It usually only takes an hour for Hong Kong businessmen to sign a contract here, which is still unimaginable in other places in China. Even in Guangzhou at that time, it took dozens of chapters and dozens of days.At that time in Dongguan, all administrative units added a new function: everything revolved around the center of investment promotion, and the approval procedures were all simplified.Even among the crowd at the wharf, personnel from Dongguan's industrial and commercial management departments began to walk around. Banks, post and telecommunications bureaus and other departments followed closely behind, urgently revising the system and extending working hours... In short, as long as they can provide services for "three visits and one compensation" Yes, give the green light all the way!
Dongguan's style of work and level of ideological emancipation were clearly far ahead of other regions in China at the time.
In the mass investment promotion in Dongguan, various villages and towns in Dongguan have sprung up large and small workshops like mushrooms after rain.All of a sudden, it became popular and everyone competed for their talents.By the end of 1979, there were 140 processing enterprises in Dongguan, and 205 foreign processing agreements were signed. The annual processing fee was 2.34 million U.S. dollars and the net foreign exchange receipts were 2.18 million U.S. dollars.Soon thereafter, Dongguan became the largest processing base in the country.From 1978 to 1991, Dongguan introduced a total of 1.7 billion US dollars of capital!
A group of people who once closed their doors to reject the world and were rejected by the world now open the door with unprecedented courage to experience and suck the gusts of wind blowing from outside the door.
Here, let us pay attention to the later life and fate of Li Yulong, a Taiping farmer who fled to Hong Kong on July 30, 1978.Because it is impossible to avoid the fate of those who "escaped from Hong Kong" when talking about the opening up of Guangdong.
After Li Yulong attempted to escape from Hong Kong in 1978, he escaped twice more, and finally got his wish the last time, and successfully escaped to Hong Kong on October 4, 1980.However, his fate in Hong Kong was not as he had dreamed. It was hard to find a job, and he did some hard work as a construction worker intermittently.On the contrary, the younger brother in Chang'an was engaged in transportation at first, and later opened a company to do business, and quickly made a fortune. He built a four-story building in Chang'an 10 years ago.Li Yulong came back from Hong Kong in 1999 to join his younger brother and worked for him. He is currently helping to take care of a bathing center opened by his younger brother on the edge of Chang'an South City...
Listening to Li Yulong's legendary life story, the author is thinking that there is one thing that Li Yulong may never realize in his life. The moment he passed by Zhang Zimi on the only narrow road in Taiping Commune that day was What kind of drama is full of it—in the invisible gate of China's reform and opening up, one is stepping in and the other is squeezing out.
In fact, this scene did not only happen to Li Yulong and Zhang Zimi.
The people outside the door walk in, and the people inside the door crowd out. This rather dramatic scene has become a true portrayal of Dongguan when the door was just opened.
While people from Hong Kong came in to set up factories, Dongguan entered another round of escape from Hong Kong. There is such a record in the memorabilia of "Dongguan Chronicles": "In the first half of 1979, there was another climax of fleeing Hong Kong in the county..."
The good days are about to begin. In the place where China's economy is the most active and its management is the most enlightened, why did it happen?If it is because of poverty, but this kind of poverty did not happen overnight, why is there another climax of fleeing Hong Kong 17 years after the first escape from Hong Kong in 1962?What a puzzling and sad mystery that is!
Deng Muyao, the former vice-chairman of the Dongguan City Federation of Literary and Art Circles, is a well-known cultural person in the local area. He helped me solve this mystery: in 1978, after China opened its doors, those who had not returned to Hong Kong for many years could come back.When they came back to visit their relatives this time, they confused everyone's hearts, especially the group of people who fled Hong Kong for the first time went to Hong Kong for more than ten years, and many of them made money.They came back with big bags and small bags, some brought back TV sets, and some bought a truck to send to the village.After seeing these things, everyone suddenly found that Hong Kong is so desirable.
Water flows to low places, and people swim to outer regions.The crazy escape from Hong Kong was formed under such a specific historical background and specific psychological state.The scenes in front of them were like living textbooks, instilling in them a brand new understanding - Hong Kong is paradise.Dongguan people have always been pragmatic and dare to charge forward. Now they no longer believe in theoretical preaching. They believe that practice is the only criterion for testing truth.
The power of role models is like a huge wave crashing into people's hearts, causing them to suddenly have a dream and longing for a better life from the bottom of their hearts.As a result, the waves surging from the bottom of my heart quickly turned into an unstoppable trend, leading to a crazy escape from Hong Kong that was more persistent and relentless than the first escape from Hong Kong.
This time, the cadres tried their best to contain and persuade them to no avail.Who would believe the empty language of the cadres when there are vivid textbooks in front of them?
No one believed it.The theory is too pale!
With the dream of changing their destiny, they started the voyage to regain the value of life, although none of them knew whether they would be swallowed by storms, showers, and whirlpools before reaching the golden shore.They don't care about these, as long as they can escape.After being caught, they will be sent back, and then they will flee again. As long as they have a breath, they will flee to the southeast corner of the red light above the sky.
The great escape from Hong Kong was unstoppable.Most of those who fled this time were young people. In Chang'an Commune alone, more than 4,600 young and middle-aged people ran away at once around 1979, accounting for half of the total labor force in the town, and more than 5,000 mu of land was abandoned.
In early May 1979, a rumor drove The Great Escape to madness.Rumors said that on the day of Queen Elizabeth's accession to the throne, Hong Kong implemented an amnesty - all those stranded in Hong Kong can declare to the government as permanent residents of Hong Kong within three days, so people rushed to Shenzhen after hearing the news.On May 6, 1979 alone, 70,000 people from more than 80 villages and towns in Dongguan, Huiyang, and Baoan rushed towards Shenzhen like dozens of fierce torrents. The sea of people swallowed up...
It must be said that it is a coincidence of fate. Perhaps, the old man of history made Dongguan a hard start on such a land soaked in suffering, blood and tears, and embarked on a journey of reform...
Today, escape from Hong Kong has long been a piece of history.
Many of those who fled to Hong Kong back then have returned.They discovered that fate had played a big joke on them—they once risked their lives and ran to heaven with their dreams at all costs, but they didn't know that heaven was where they started.
Humen is also the hometown of Mr. Deng Muyao. He lives in Humen now, and there are many people around him who fled to Hong Kong back then. "Many Humen people now hold Hong Kong resident certificates. They come back to open a small shop and start a small business, because they can't stay in Hong Kong, and even some Hong Kong locals have gone to Humen to settle down. You can ask Humen now When asked if they would like to go to Hong Kong, their answer is definitely no. In fact, most of these people who left in the late 1970s did not make a fortune after arriving in Hong Kong, and their lives were difficult.”
It is precisely because of China's reform and opening up that the fate of the second batch of Hong Kong escapees was full of drama. They struggled to swim to the other side of the dream of gold.In the turbulent waves, in the treacherous and unpredictable situation, they missed their dreams!A difference in thought, a river away, and a turn around, they walked into a situation that was completely opposite to their original wish.
Can not but sigh the power of fate.
This force of destiny comes from China's great reform and opening up.Many years later, perhaps they will be able to clearly see the context of their own dramatic fate: not long after they flocked abroad, China absorbed the wave of the world's industrial transfer with a powerful force.In this wave, Hong Kong businessmen who cannot bear the high labor costs have transferred their enterprises to Dongguan and other places, so their dream gold mines have also moved to China.
Time and space interlaced, heaven and earth shifted.Fate just played hide and seek with them.They mistakenly think that happiness is on the other side, but how do they know that the paradise of happiness is in China!
It seems that Goddess of Luck takes special care of the land of Dongguan.Because here, even a drop of tears of suffering can slowly condense into shining jewels in the river of time.
Who would have expected that the long and mighty procession of fleeing Hong Kong in 1962 would turn into a bridge from one end to the other 16 years later? !
This is a bridge to the world!This is a bridge to prosperity!
It is these people who fled Hong Kong with their lives and died, turned around to participate in the economic development of their hometown after the opening of China's country, and laid a solid foundation for the glory of Dongguan.
Through the time tunnel of history, you can hear their sad footsteps when they hurriedly fled Hong Kong in 1962, and when they overlapped with the footsteps of Dongguan's reform and development 16 years later, what a majestic symphony they synthesized!
When the water is stimulated, there will be drought, and if the arrow is stimulated, it will be far away.However, the memory is still heavy.Regarding the peak scene of the flight to Hong Kong in Dongguan in May 1962, many local people who witnessed it described it to the author——
It is said that to celebrate the birthday of the Queen of England, Hong Kong will open its border gates. People in Dongguan who heard the news had no time to walk the mountain road, and flocked directly to the road leading to Bao'an (now Shenzhen).Most of the people hurrying on their way were still wearing the bamboo hats they used when they were farming, and all of them were expressionless.They are strangers to each other and do not know each other, but they know in their hearts that they have a common dream and a common future, and they will rush to the same destination: Bao'an exit.Along the way, from time to time, walking tractors from various communes drove over in a hurry, and the commune cadres shouted loudly: "People from Humen go back with me!" "People from Chang'an go back with me!" But no one paid attention on the road. Push down the bamboo hat as much as possible, and walk faster...
In this long stream of people, there is a thin figure, this thin figure was sitting in the classroom of Humen Middle School yesterday.Among the frenzied crowd fleeing Hong Kong, this 17-year-old boy was full of fear and uneasiness. He didn't know what kind of future he was rushing to, and he didn't know how unpredictable his future fate would be. , let alone know that another 17 years later, he will become the first person in the "three to one compensation" in rural China, making a very strong contribution to the economic development of his hometown.
His name is Zhang Guang.
As a fugitive from Hong Kong, it is not easy to change one's own destiny, and it is even more difficult to change the destiny of others. Changing the destiny of many people is not even a thought.However, these unthinkable things happened in Dongguan.Who dared to imagine that this crazy escape from Hong Kong could change the fate of Dongguan in the future.
In July 2007, the author came to Longyan Village, 5 kilometers away from Humen Town, Zhang Guang's hometown.The first "three to one compensation" enterprise in rural China invested by Zhang Guang was born here.
The straight and spacious cement road is clean and tidy, and the streets are full of traffic and bustling.The roads are lined with lush trees, dotted with green grass and flowers. Industrial areas, residential areas, commercial areas, and cultural and educational areas are in order. There are supermarkets, schools, banks, theaters, hospitals, swimming pools and other public facilities. Apartments are going up.At the village committee of Longyan Village, the author met Zhang Zhiwei, deputy director of Longyan Village and director of the Urban Construction Office.When talking about Longan Village’s introduction of the first “three to one compensation” back then, he mentioned Zhang Xusen, the old secretary of Longyan Village: “The old secretary has made a lot of contributions to making Longyan Village what it is today.”
At the end of 1978, Zhang Xusen, secretary of Longyan Village, heard that the county was mobilizing everyone to bring relatives from Hong Kong back to start businesses, so he also thought about it.After thinking about it, Zhang Xusen thought of a person from the village. His name was Zhang Xi. Zhang Xi's elder sister and younger brother both ran to Hong Kong in 1962. I heard that the younger brother Zhang Guang made a fortune in Hong Kong.So one night, Zhang Xusen knocked on the door of Zhang Xi's house.When Zhang Xi heard it, he felt that the village secretary was sincere, so he nodded happily and promised to persuade his younger brother to return to his hometown to invest.The younger brother Zhang Guang came back to participate in the Guangzhou Spring Fair in May 1978. He signed two contracts with the Guangzhou Light Industry Bureau and invested in two factories in Panyu. So when Zhang Guang returned to Guangzhou, Zhang Xi also rushed to Guangzhou. Tell Zhang Guang about the intention of the village, and say that Dongguan is also open, can you go back to your hometown to invest?Zhang Guang said it was possible, but he was afraid that there would be opinions from the village.
After returning from Guangzhou, Zhang Xi told Zhang Xusen truthfully about Zhang Guang's concerns.Zhang Xusen immediately assured Zhang Xi, don't worry, as long as Zhang Guang is willing to come back to invest, I will handle other matters.
Unexpectedly, Zhang Xusen took a lot of effort to deal with this matter.When the village branch held a meeting to discuss this matter, there was a quarrel at the meeting. The deputy secretary firmly refused, thinking that it was a political issue, the risk was too great, and other cadres were also ignorant.In the end, the party branch discussion failed to pass.After the news came out, the villagers were even more angry: "If you have money outside and come back to exploit us, you will never agree!" Zhang Xusen was so worried that he couldn't sleep all night. In Guangzhou, I found Li Guikang, Secretary of the Humen Commune, who was in a meeting at the Provincial Party School.At this time, Li Guikang was studying the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, among which was the decision of reform and opening up proposed by Deng Xiaoping.He realized the special significance of this matter and immediately expressed his support.
In March 1979, the longan hair factory invested by Zhang Guang started construction.This is the first Hong Kong-funded enterprise in rural China that processes supplied materials.
For Longyan Village, this is just the beginning, and then a large number of "three to one compensation" enterprises were introduced. In 1988, Longyan Village introduced the city's first Taiwan-funded enterprise.Today, there are more than 100 Taiwanese and Hong Kong enterprises in Longyan Village. Even Li Ka-shing has set up factories here, and Longyan Village has also set up several processing factories.
On the same day, the author met Zhang Xi, Zhang Guang's older brother.Zhang Xi is nearly seventy years old, but when you talk to him, you can find that he is a straightforward person, and his words are clear without a trace of obscurity. Perhaps this is the imprint of the generous and open-minded personality of Dongguan people.That day, Zhang Xi opened his heart to us, and talked about the difficult past in a relaxed tone: "I was born in 1938. When I was 5 years old, both my parents left us. I have an older brother Elder sister, there are two younger brothers below. When the division was divided in 1952, our family was classified as a landlord division. In this way, we have no chance to serve in the army or study. There is no way out, so we have to run. I fled to Hong Kong, and then I hurriedly let my little brother Zhang Guang and my sister, who were studying in Humen Middle School, go too. I thought I would go there after they left, but the gate of the customs was closed soon. My little brother Zhang Guang Guang is a very smart person. After he arrived in Hong Kong, he first helped others weave gloves. Later, he found that wigs were very popular, so he began to ponder the way here, gradually mastered some of the techniques, and then slowly started to make China's reform and opening up, I asked Zhang Guang to return to his hometown to invest. The hair tool factory invested by Longan was in Longyan Zhang's ancestral hall when it was first established. There was a primary school behind the ancestral hall, and we rented primary school classrooms as production workshops. At the beginning, we only had more than 50 workers. Later, almost every family in Humen practiced making wigs. It can be said that our workers covered every family in Humen. At that time, we could produce 8,000 to 10,000 wigs a month, and then passed through Hong Kong The company sold overseas and the business was very good. In the second year, we made a lot of money..."
After more than 20 years of development, Zhang Xi now owns many companies in Hong Kong and southern Guangdong.
The reform and opening up has made Zhang Xi what he is today, but Zhang Xi has not forgotten the kindness of his hometown for his upbringing. In 1997, Hong Kong Humen Association was established in Humen, and Zhang Xi was elected as the president of the association.In the past 10 years, he has devoted a lot of energy to contact and organize the Humen people who fled to Hong Kong in the past, so that they can contribute to the construction of their hometown.At present, the Hong Kong Humen Association has more than 2,000 members.
These more than 2,000 members have built a bridge for the economic development of the hometown to take off.
In the half-day conversation with Zhang Xi, the old man did not describe too much about the poor days back then, but I believe that everyone over the age of 50 can still remember the hunger that Humen people experienced back then. new.It was the great famine that happened on the land of China that prompted them to leave their homes and embark on the journey of fugitives.According to document records: Beginning on April 26, 1962, on the road leading to Baoan County, groups of outflowing people, like "a large army going south", rushed to the border and waited for an opportunity to enter Hong Kong.Every evening, there are generally four to five thousand people who flock to the border of Bao'an from all over the country, and the maximum number of people is more than 8,000 a day...
From 1961 to 1963, there were 160,000 new immigrants in Hong Kong.
Among Hong Kong people today, one in 10 is from Dongguan.
More than half of the "three to one compensation" contracts in Dongguan were signed with those who fled Hong Kong back then.Now, when we look back at the past scenes full of suffering, who would say that it was a tragedy?
It is undeniable that it was their tragic escape from Hong Kong that heralded the early arrival of Dongguan comedy, and it was their desperate rush to heaven that foreshadowed that more people would go to heaven.
History has finally evolved into the 21st century.
Today's Humen, as long as you go a little deeper, you can find out what it means to "hide wealth from the people".Zhong Ganquan, Secretary of the Party Committee of Humen Township, once introduced to us with a happy and proud attitude: "The deposits of ordinary people in Humen are increasing at an average annual rate of 20% to 30%. Up to now, the deposits of our ordinary people in the bank have reached nearly 300亿。如果用数字人口来算这300亿，那就是人均25万存款……”
这是多么振奋人心的数字！仅凭这笔账，我们就能明白虎门为何在全国“千强镇”的排名中能名列榜首。那一刻，我们除了羡慕，更多的是对虎门人的敬意：他们真的了不起！
历史上曾与草根外贸紧密关联的虎门镇，在改革开放之初也仅有两个裁缝店，和服装毫无渊源，为何在短短的十几年内，服装业却成为了虎门的支柱产业？
说起来，还是和当年的逃港有关。
1978年，中国的改革开放大门打开后，虎门人很快就敏感而迅速地行动起来，一部分人带着对彼岸新生活的梦想开始了义无反顾的大逃港，而留下的人也开始了他们的行动。
他们把逃港亲人带回来的东西摆起了地摊，有服装、尼龙布、尼龙袜和尼龙伞，还有照相机、录像机、手表等新鲜玩意儿，慢慢发现这买卖可以赚钱，于是便开始天天跑沙头角，把那里的东西买回来卖，赚其中的差价。这种地摊在民间迅速像力点一样开始扩散，于是虎门的大街小巷，密密麻麻摆满了地摊。渐渐地，精明的虎门人很快将全国版图都纳入了视野，能敏锐地发现各个地区商品的盈余短缺，准确地捕捉瞬息万变的市场信号，可谓“买全国、卖全国”。一传十，十传百，全国的生意人都知道到虎门拿货。其间，虎门人感觉到服装行业的利润较高，供不应求，便有人专门做服装生意。虎门服装市场和产业的萌芽由此而生。
面对服装生意红火的形势，有人又开始从服装贸易转向自己开店加工服装，很快走上前店后厂的服装制作之路。与此同时，那些进入“三来一补”服装厂打工的工人们干了一段时间后，发现服装业并没什么精深学问，自己也能做。于是乎，本土服装厂便发展起来。如今，虎门民营服装企业就有800多家，年销售额100多亿，其中出口40%，内销60%。
虎门当家产业的发家史竟如此简单！当年小小的摆摊一不留神居然弄出了一个中国最大的服装批发基地来。
可别小看这一不留神，实际上，这其中付诸了虎门领导的一番心血和才能。
关键时刻，虎门领导清醒地意识到：手工业生产如果不进入现代化的体制性工业革命仍然无法摆脱小农经济生产方式。虎门自发式的工业革命必须要上一个台阶。
我们徜徉在虎门的商业区，眼前车水马龙，人流穿梭。据介绍，虎门拥有大型专业服装批发商场20多个，商铺一万多家，各类面料辅料批发市场8个，国际面料交易中心1座，商铺4000多家，这些大型商场主要集中在富民时装城、虎门国际布料交易中心周围近两平方公里的两个集聚“中心区”内。
环顾四周，虎门因服装产业而带动的服务业、物流业、旅游业显出处处生机。街道两旁高楼林立，星级酒店越开越多，感觉完全身处一个繁荣的城市。想象一百多年前的硝烟炮火，再想象20多年前的拼死大逃港，不禁神清气爽，今天的虎门终于笑傲江湖了！
富民时装城总经理孙俊才向我们娓娓道出虎门服装产业再上一个台阶的发展过程：“1990年之前，虎门的服装大多还属于摆地摊的形式，全国各地都知道来虎门拿衣服，但这种散乱的地摊形式使卫生、交通各方面都很乱。虎门政府觉得这一块儿应该有更好的引导，于是就成立了个体管理委员会，把摆摊的集中在一块儿。后来镇政府有了一定经济实力之后，决定搞一个商场。1993年，富民城开业，当时全国没有比我们更大的服装城了，1300个商户进驻。富民城的开业又带动了很多香港服装厂往这里迁移，后来日本、韩国的服装厂也进来了，现在这些香港、日本、韩国在虎门的服装厂就有300多家。”
“那你们又是怎么想起举办'中国（虎门）国际服装交易会'的？”笔者问。
“当时大连有个服装节，1995年我们第一次去参观，回来后也想把虎门做成中国服装名城。这样的想法统一后，我们觉得首先要从做品牌开始，于是我们去大连一下子拿了200个牌子回来。后来我们又开始商量，为什么我们虎门不能搞一个服装节呢？于是我们就通过各方面的努力，终于把交易会给办起来了。现在回过头来看，如果没有交易会就没有今天。交易会是一个平台，也是一针促进剂。虎门服装能做到今天的规模，我认为主要是政府引导得好，扶持得好。现在我们富民城年销售额100多个亿了，以前这里一个商铺卖3万块，现在光转让费最高的就达900万，月租金达9万元……”
后来我们知道，像虎门这样独辟蹊径、富足百姓的板块在东莞有32个。虽说虎门在这些镇区中起步略早，但其他镇也是八仙过海，各显其招。这32个镇区宛如32只老虎，虎虎生威，正是这些生龙活虎的“虎”们你追我赶，众虎同心，才造就了东莞如今的辉煌，啸傲神州。
实际上，东莞的许多专业镇的发展模式和虎门有异曲同工之处，都是从某一产品的销售做起，再利用对行业的了解转向生产，渐渐开始特色产业，再通过一些会展加速自己的发展马力，渐渐形成极具竞争力的专业镇。
我们曾经采访过的大朗镇，其产业发展也是极有意思。该镇本身不产羊毛，却成为全国最大的毛织市场，这一切令人惊叹！叶锦河镇长向我们讲述了大朗的发展奥秘——
大朗第一家“三来一补”企业进来时是在1979年，叫大朗毛织一厂。该厂的中方厂长姓谢，原来当过村书记，脑袋很灵活。谢厂长干了一段时间后，看到厂里有接不完的订单，感觉到这个毛织市场需求很大，便鼓励工人们出来自己干。当时干毛织行当无须太多技术，也无须很好的设备，花上一万元买台毛织机便可。于是1983年前后，便有一些工人在谢厂长的鼓励下出来搞起了小作坊。谢厂长也帮着接单，交给他们生产，合格的给钱，不合格的返工。
这便是大朗毛织业最初形成的源头。
“1988年，我们本地人的小厂在巷头村注册。这也是我们大朗镇第一家注册的民营企业。1989年，有一位俄罗斯客人找到这家工厂，要求加工2000打产品，这是大朗毛织的第一笔国际交易。因为价格差价大，这个厂一下子赚了很多钱，大家也从中受到启发，纷纷外出找客户，把产品直接卖到国外去。到90年代初，我们的很多厂就都具备了设计、生产、销售一条龙的功能。当时整个大朗，上上下下都在搞毛织，大家都希望通过毛织赚点钱。镇政府也想了许多办法去扶持他们。到了1995年，大朗已经小有名气，为了进一步开拓市场，我们开始在推介、宣传上做文章。2001年，我们开始搞大朗毛织产品展示会，让世界认识大朗……”
有了影响，就会有更好的发展，产业影响力也将更上一层楼。这几乎是个不变的真理。如今的大朗镇有5000多家毛织企业，其中上规模的企业有100多家，已形成了研发设计、生产加工、原料辅料、机械设备、洗水印花、物流贸易、人才培训、科技服务、信息咨询等一条龙产业配套，整个产业市场年销售量超过12亿件，60%出口意大利、美国等80多个国家和地区，在国际市场上享有盛誉。
细细推敲大朗这些年走过的路，再纵观东莞，以及东莞各镇、村这几十年的发展，都是从不成熟走向成熟，走着走着，到了一定阶段，突然一下提升到了更高的境界。这种升华，既是多年基础上的厚积薄发，同时也是东莞各级决策者结合自身实际、发挥地区优势、挖掘自身潜力的英明领导的结果。
上世纪80年代前期，东莞县悄无声息地做了一件惊天动地的事。
说“惊天”略显夸张，说“动地”未必过分。正是这件“动地”之事，把大学问家于光远给惊动过来，时值1985年。
于光远来东莞的这一天，东莞市委书记李近维碰巧有要事缠身，他吩咐别人带着于光远下乡考察。
晚饭时分，李近维还在紧张的忙碌中，他正在整理向于光远汇报的材料。
先前，李近维让人给于光远放一段介绍东莞发展的录像，估计时间差不多了，李近维这才抱着一大堆材料匆匆走进于光远的住处。
看到李近维怀抱的一大沓材料，于光远微微一笑，朝他摆摆手说：“李近维，你把材料先放一边。我今天跑了一天，还有点感冒，身体不舒服，所以我今晚不能听太久，你汇报5分钟就行了。”
李近维愣住了：“5分钟？于老，5分钟您让我汇报什么？”
于光远说：“来东莞之前我听说了很多，今天来你们这儿我也看到了很多，看到你们农村盖了许多新房子，刚才的录像我也看到老百姓增加了很多存款，也就是说，你们这几年的收入增加很多。现在你就用5分钟的时间给我讲清楚这些钱是怎么来的就行了。”
李近维为难地说：“于老，我一下子没有准备。您让我5分钟把这个问题讲清楚啊，我怕自己准备不了。”
“对！就是要你没准备。你越是没准备就越真实，你做了准备的，那就有很多加工的成分喽。”
“好！于老，如果您让我5分钟内把这笔钱讲清楚的话，那我只能跟您讲两笔账。”李近维天生对数字敏感，在东莞呆了这么多年，东莞的每一笔账他都了然于心，“第一笔，东莞有117万亩耕地，我们腾出了30多万亩耕地改种水果、蔬菜等经济作物。同样一亩地，改种经济作物，可以增加收入近2000块钱。30多万亩地，一年便可增加收入六七个亿；第二笔账呢，由于落实了联产承包责任制，调动了积极性，农村劳动力开始过剩，东莞有50多万劳动力，我们在不影响农业生产的前提下，转移了20多万的劳动力去搞工副业，以人均月工资200元计算的话，一年的收入又增加了四五个亿。仅这两笔账，我们一年就可以增加十几个亿的收入，再说我们已经干了好几年，这些钱不断转化为新的投资，又得到更多的收益。盖房子的钱也好，存银行的钱也好，包括一些基础设施启动的钱也好，都是从这些钱来的。”
听完李近维的汇报，于光远的脸上露出欣慰的笑容，他点点头说：“这样好啊！我们今天晚上算达到目的了。你们做得非常好！”
那个晚上，于光远并没有很快休息，他兴奋地拉着李近维谈了很久，浑身的疲劳和不适之感似乎一扫而光。
说起来，东莞农业商品化最早还是受了黄江镇北岸村的启发。
上世纪70年代中期，几位北岸村农民便偷偷尝试着将一块山沟地栽种上了橙子树苗。3年过后，那些橙子树上竟缀满了黄灿灿的果实，像一个个鲜艳的小灯笼悬挂在林间。他们悄悄将橙子摘下拿到附近集市上去卖，一个季节下来，他们的腰包竟也鼓实了不少。
从这个举动中，村里人发现了一些门道：同样的土地，换了品种来种，收入却相差一大截。很快，其他村民也买了树苗种上了。
大伙心照不宣地悄悄做着这一切，村领导也是睁一只眼闭一只眼，惟一能做的便是招呼大家别将这种事声张出去，千万不能传到上面去。
然而，不知咋的，事情还是传到了县上。
县里的领导听到此消息，眼前顿时一亮。Good thing!现在已是“春到人间草木知”，中央在中共十一届四中全会刚刚出台了《中共中央关于加快农业发展若干问题的决定》，其中最重要的是两条：一是尊重生产队的自主权和所有权；二是大幅度提高农副产品收购价格，增加农民的收入。前者可谓“松绑”，后者堪称“让利”。仅这两条，足可以使大家欢欣鼓舞了。农民的好日子要来了！
这个政策就像一股清新的春风，拂到了东莞领导们的心里。此刻，当他们听说下面群众已经干出了更好的经验，精神一振，这不正是农业发展的一个好办法吗？换种思路，把结构调整一下，同样的土地，改种不同的植物，那产生的经济效益就完全不一样了。这就如同一场及时雨呀！
又是春风，又是春雨。欧阳德、莫淦钦、李近维、郑锦滔等东莞县领导兴奋地围坐在一起讨论开了。李近维脑子灵，立马算出：“一亩水稻，收300块钱，改种橙子，收益为两千元……”相差这么多？ !大家一个个茅塞顿开，似乎突然间发现了一块广阔的新大陆。
领导班子进行一番热烈的讨论之后，觉得这绝对是一个很好的发展方向。哪种赚钱就种哪种！说干就干，经过认真的调研考察后，1979年起，东莞县委县政府开始对全县各乡镇进行政策引导，对土地作了相应的结构调整，尤其把大量不适合种水稻的地方都改种水果。
农村几千年搞单干，生产力却总是上不去，总是在生产关系上做文章，折腾来折腾去，穷了山穷了水，也穷了农民们的积极性。但眼前的神奇一下子给农民们提供了一个从未有过的想象空间。在对新生活的渴盼中，农民们积极性空前高涨，纷纷引种经济作物。
地还是那些地，人还是那些人，变换一下机制，土地就能生钱、长钱、钱上滚钱。
这一切现在看似简单，但一下子打破沿袭多年的以粮为纲的农业格局，这在当时的中国，不得不说是一个思想大突破。
笔者在翻阅当年的一些背景资料时，也陷入沉思，东莞最初的农业商品化改革确实在全国先行了一步。先说1979年，中央出台的《中共中央关于加快农业发展若干问题的决定》，给东莞农村自发先行继而政府引导的农业经济商品化的改革，提供了政策保障。然而此后不久，中国迅速进入一个调整阶段。直到1984年10月，中共十二届三中全会通过《关于经济体制改革的决定》，使中国改革总体思路进行了重大突破性的发展，终于在前几年“收”与“放”的徘徊中选择了后者。
笔者惊叹的，也正是于光远感到欣慰的：从1981年到1984年之间，在中国改革大方向不甚明朗的状态下，其他地方无所适从，大多采取“开而不放，改而不革”的观望态度，东莞却没有停止改革探索的步伐，率先走在改革前端，大胆在农村改革上进行了尝试。
发生在东莞农村土地上的这场改革不仅使东莞的百姓收获了实惠，也造就了一个又一个的创富神话。一个又一个万元户在东莞这片土地上诞生了，新时代的朝阳已经升起……
霍福华就是东莞大地上农业商品化改革的受益者之一。
霍福华今年44岁，沙田镇穗丰年村人，上有两位哥哥。他这个老三排行很不沾光，大哥读完初中，二哥读完高中，轮到老三读书时，家里已是越发贫穷，刚念初中就被奶奶做主辍了学，才十二三岁便早早体验面朝黄土背朝天的生活。那时候的小福华啥都不懂，天生一副东莞人任劳任怨的优良美德，每天埋头干活，能吃大苦肯出大力。
霍福华记忆中的沙田贫穷无比。这块土地一百多年前还荒无人烟，当年珠江两岸一些水上人家靠着一条破船，沿江漂流，漂到了沙田，渐渐地，沙田便汇集了四面八方的穷人。这些穷人在这里住下后，也将贫穷的种子种进了这块土地，多少年来，贫穷就像生了根似的越来越深地扎在沙田。即使到了上世纪80年代，沙田人别说去北京，能去趟莞城都已了不起。霍福华第一次去东莞时都已经22岁了，来回用了整整一天时间，那时沙田去东莞还没有路，得坐船。
霍福华向笔者回忆说：“后来我出来在一家国有企业找了一份打捞员的活儿，一个月能有三四十元。记得有一次从香港那边过来一条船，在交界处卡住了，天气特别冷，在海里一呆就是半个小时……”
生活的严酷也铸炼了这个东莞人的吃苦和坚忍。3年后，东莞的农业商品化的改革大潮将霍福华从“苦水”中拯救出来。“当时我承包了几十亩地，学着种莲藕。最初承包几十亩，后来越来越多，最多达一千多亩。第一年赚了几千块，我这辈子从来没见过这么多钱。后来扩大生产，第二年赚了一两万，一下子成了万元户了。那时候万元户可不得了了，以前做梦也都不敢想的事。做莲藕挣上钱之后，我就拿着这笔钱去做生意，开始老失败，但我总是不甘心，不肯轻易放弃，所以就咬着牙继续往前走，继续努力，终于有所回报，再后来就慢慢做大起来。”
东莞很多企业家成功后，往往热衷于回报社会，霍福华亦然。1989年至今，霍福华先后在教育上捐款近千万元，刚刚又投建了两所小学。他还为沙田镇引进20多家外商企业，投资8亿港元，为沙田的经济建设立下大功。
回想起自己的人生，霍福华似有隔世之感，他感慨地说：“我后来跑过很多国家，再回过头来看家乡，觉得东莞是最好的。东莞这几年来真的很了不起，经过20多年来的改革开放，发展得相当好。我一直没有离开东莞，没离开沙田，就是觉得自己家乡好，我们这里的水土好啊！”
中国几千年的社会发展史，实质上就是一部农业发展史。多少年来，中国世世代代的农民面朝黄土背朝天，用血汗养育了中华民族，创造了辉煌的中华文明，然而，他们却永远无法改变贫穷的命运。正是伟大的改革开放，打破了沿袭了几千年的农村生产模式，从而使得中国走上快速走向富强的发展之路。因此，像沙田这块被贫穷深深扎根的土地也开始流淌出金子。
左拉说：生活的全部意义在于无穷地探索尚未知道的东西，在于不断地增加更多的知识。李近维对此深有感受。在他看来，探索未知，不仅是生活的全部意义，更是一种责任。
李近维生于农村，长于农村，东莞又是一个农业县，所以他对社会的观察点更多落在农村和穷人上。长期以来，他一直在琢磨一个问题：人力是一种资源，但东莞农村人口过多，都挤在有限的土地上，实际上是一种隐性失业，这是农村贫穷的症结所在。通过计划生育把人口降下来总要有个过程，当务之急必须先把人口多这个包袱变成财富，让农民富起来。那么，如何变？
1984年，李近维终于琢磨出自己的一套想法。
是年8月，时任广东省委书记的任仲夷来东莞视察。李近维赶紧不失时机将自己的这些思考向任仲夷和盘托出。
任仲夷边听边点头，他深知中国农村历来有着“多子多福”、“人多力量大”的传统观念，然而，生得越多就越难富裕起来，老年人多了，社会负担就越严重，文盲、半文盲多了，社会发展就难以前进，农村剩余劳动力多了，社会更加动荡不安，中国农村的人口问题长期以来一直是一个老大难的问题。任仲夷问李近维有什么想法。
“想法是有。我觉得关键是两条：一是增加就业机会，二是提高人口素质。如果人口素质不高，当然难以富起来，但就当前来说，就业机会更重要。一个小学生就业，十年八年后有可能是个车间主任、厂长，是个人才；一个大学生毕业五年没有工作干，就可能是个废材，因为知识会老化，人也会衰老。解决农民就业，这是眼前最实在也是最迫切的问题。”
“嗯，那你打算怎么解决农民的就业问题？”任仲夷往前欠一欠身，目光盯着李近维，来了兴趣。
“还是在劳动力和土地上做文章！”
“好，你往细里说说！”
“解决这个问题，必须拓宽生产领域，不要老是把农村人口束缚在农业和有限的土地上，应该拿出一部分土地来作为工商业用地，把农业中多余的劳动力逐步解放出来，发展二、三产业。东莞通过这几年的发展，我觉得向农村工业化进军的时机已经成熟了。书记，您觉得呢？”
任仲夷一边听着，一边不时地点头，听到这里双目炯然一亮，他也有些兴奋：“农村工业化？好！好想法！”
“在今后几年内，我们的目标是从农业转移出70％以上的劳动力搞工业和服务业，逐步实现农村城镇化，城乡一体化……”
“很好，你们就这么搞，我支持你们。”任仲夷的脸上露出欣喜的笑容，他说，“希望东莞发展得更快一些，东莞要争取成为'东冠'！”
1984年9月，在中共东莞县委第五次代表大会上，刚刚出任东莞县委书记的李近维代表市委作了题为《改革、开放，向农村工业化进军，促进经济建设全面高涨》的报告，正式提出了东莞“农村工业化”的发展思路……
笔者