Chapter 8 Chapter 4 Childhood Feelings

The great Three Gorges immigration is not only the foundation of Chongqing, but also a major event of a great contemporary patriotism.The special contribution made by Chongqing people in the Three Gorges Immigrant is undoubtedly a magnificent poem that will be recorded in the annals of the Chinese nation. Millions of immigrants from the Three Gorges are a great test for the people of Chongqing.Among them, the patriotism and childlike devotion of all the cadres and masses in Chongqing moved the world. Immigrants today don't just emigrate individual people.What today's immigrants are actually moving is a mountain of material piled up, a train that can't see the end, and a sea of ​​desires that don't see the bottom, as well as thoughts, wishes, and constant worries and nostalgia...

The million immigrants from the Three Gorges are therefore called "a world-class problem". More than ten or hundreds of authorities in the West have predicted that China may be fully capable of building the most magnificent water conservancy dam in the world, but it cannot overcome the problem of millions of immigrants. "All people are united, not afraid of difficulties, work hard, and strive to win!" In the golden autumn of 1994, General Secretary Jiang Zemin came to the Three Gorges Reservoir area again. Facing the Yangtze River rolling eastward, he immigrated millions of people to the Three Gorges with affectionate and expectant eyes. Issue general mobilization.

On this day, at the Sandouping dam site, he pressed the button for the official start of the Three Gorges Project—the world once again watched China's great battle with admiration!And the action of the contemporary Chinese to decipher the "world-class problem" with full confidence has also kicked off the battle. The outside world may not be clear to anyone, if it is not for the Three Gorges immigrants, China will still not have a fourth municipality in the 21st century. Chongqing people are so happy!Chongqing people have to thank the Three Gorges, and Chongqing people have to thank the Three Gorges immigrants.Chongqing is the city with the largest number of immigrants from the Three Gorges (accounting for more than 80% of the total number of million immigrants), and Chongqing is the city that has paid the heaviest price for the immigrants from the Three Gorges.

The real era of "Millions of Three Gorges Immigrants" began after the establishment of Chongqing Municipality. Therefore, it became the first of the four major events that General Secretary Jiang Zemin personally entrusted to the leaders of Chongqing!Chongqing accounted for 85.5% of the millions of migrants, with a total of 1.03 million; it also involved 16 districts and counties, 273 townships, 1,424 villages, 5,483 production groups, and submerged two cities, 7 There are 101 county towns, 101 market towns and 1397 enterprises, as well as a large number of ports, highways, bridges, hydropower stations and precious cultural relics along the river.

The key to the success or failure of the Three Gorges Project, which has attracted worldwide attention, lies in immigration, and the key to immigration lies in Chongqing.Millions of immigrants, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, unprecedented.This is the first major task facing the new municipality: a "world-class problem" that attracts global attention. Difficulty in love. There is a song that says, "Who doesn't say that our hometown is good".Indeed, we Chinese are a nation that attaches great importance to family, and especially pays attention to respecting "ancestors" and nostalgia for the homeland.Even a great man who has achieved success and fame will attach great importance to "returning leaves to their roots".What's more, ordinary people, common people.

Whether it is the Three Gorges immigrants or other immigrants, as long as you are an immigrant, the first thing you face is to say goodbye to your homeland and your original homeland.And this is precisely what the Chinese people value most. They have accepted Ye Luo's warning of returning to their roots since they were sensible, and they can even fight to the end to defend and stick to their homeland and homeland at the cost of their lives. The first thing encountered in the Three Gorges resettlement work is to persuade immigrants to leave their homes and native lands.People who don't know it, there is a common belief that the Three Gorges area is poor, and it will not be a problem for the people to relocate.In fact, the situation is quite the opposite. Almost all the immigrants belonging to the Three Gorges Reservoir Area live in relatively good places.The difference between the Three Gorges Reservoir and other reservoirs is that it is based on the river, that is, on the basis of the Yangtze River itself. After building a high dam at Sandouping in Yichang, it uses more than 630 kilometers of river section between Yichang and Chongqing to store water. Make the Yangtze River form a huge high water level reservoir in this section, and realize the purpose of "power generation and flood control at the bottom, and flood discharge at the top".The migrants in the reservoir area are the people living in the submerged area caused by the impoundment of this section of the river.

After the Three Gorges Dam was built, almost all the flooded areas along the river were the best and most fertile beaches and dams near the river in the past.Immigrants cannot accept the reality compared with the past "no tilling and cooking naturally" homes. However, the move cannot be changed.Then the problem arises—— Wang Xuecai, the deputy head of the immigration station in Pu'an Township, Yunyang County, who was featured on CCTV's "Son of the East", gave me an example of his village to illustrate the problem: his family's village is called Yaoping, which is located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. An ordinary village among thousands of villages.For thousands of years, people have been used to working here at sunrise and resting at sunset, earning their own living, and living a life of peace and contentment, generation after generation.But the Three Gorges Project broke this tranquility. The superiors asked the whole village to abandon the cultivated land and move to the hillside above the 175-meter submerged line.Lao Wang told me that Yaoping Village used to live below the flooding line, and all arable fields were located in this location.After the Three Gorges immigration policy came down, what the people in the village faced was to bid farewell to their original living place and retreat to the hills on the back bank.What is that place?It was a steep rocky hill.The villagers started yelling at the cadres, saying that we are willing to respond to the country's call, but how can we live on the chaotic hills?Why build a house?How do you farm?Nothing!

Can the cadres have the great ability to rebuild the same homes for the villagers on the rocky hills?So the problem came out.But the method still needs to be considered, and the experience of the country's immigration pilot program has also been borrowed, that is, to reclaim land on this steep slope that can be used to build a house, settle down, plant and harvest.Who will reclaim the barren hills?Needless to say, the villagers should be mobilized to do it themselves.The common people in China are so kind. When the national policy came out, as soon as the cadres mobilized, everyone started to mobilize: each household provided 8 working days of labor per month, and there was a rule: no one could complete every day. Pay a fine of 5 yuan per working day.The Xiajiang area is the place where the most farmers go south to find work. The rest of the family members are old and young, and new problems have emerged.

what way?Keep mobilizing!As a result, village cadres like Wang Xuecai had to work from house to house.Even if you do work, no one will pay attention to you!The cadres had no choice but to take the lead in action, starting with me.Then find your relatives to take the lead, and relatives will find relatives to take the lead, so that one household will lead the other, and individual "nail households" have to let the cadres spare their sweat and labor to help complete the task. "This time the work will be very difficult!" Wang Xuecai said to me that in the local area, it is very difficult to move a home. If the villagers leave their homeland and move to a place they are not familiar with, emotional problems will be difficult. much more difficult.Originally, Jiangjin was also within the area of ​​Chongqing City, not too far away, and the conditions there were much better than those in Yunyang, but the immigrants were reluctant to part with their accustomed homeland.

In order for the immigrants to move smoothly, Lao Wang said that they first went to Jiangjin to choose a good place where they could build a house and farm.Every family's house is built better and more spacious than in the past.But the immigrants had higher requirements, and they were asked to send representatives to choose the land to see the model houses, and everyone was satisfied.After the house was built, someone suggested that there used to be a road and water in front of our house, but now the road is behind the house and there is no water. We are not used to it.Lao Wang and the others had no choice but to discuss with the local area and divert the route to split the water.Some immigrants were satisfied with everything, and suddenly proposed that there was a row of trees in front of their original home, which provided cool summer and winter shelter, and hoped that there would be a forest in front of their new home, otherwise they would not move.Lao Wang and the others went back to Jiangjin again, and made designs one by one according to the requirements of the immigrants.

In this way, it took a year and seven months. When Lao Wang led the immigrants to visit the new home for the 17th time, everyone just nodded and smiled, saying: This is the same as our home in Yunyang. We have everything, what we don’t have in our hometown in Yunyang, we have it here too, let’s move! "Immigrants' nostalgia and feelings for their hometown, sometimes you can't take care of and imagine it no matter how detailed your work is." Lao Wang's experience in this regard could not be more profound. The year before last, he accepted the task of arranging 1,300 immigrants to settle in Jiangxi.As soon as someone heard about Jiangxi, they shouted: We are from the Three Gorges. We used to be from Sichuan, but now we are from Chongqing.Both Sichuan and Chongqing are stronger than Jiangxi.Let us leave our hometown in the Three Gorges and settle down in a bad place, we disagree.Lao Wang said that not all places in Jiangxi are worse than Sichuan and Chongqing, and some places in Sichuan and Chongqing may not be as good as Shaanxi and Gansu!Later, Lao Wang and others worked one by one to mobilize immigration representatives to visit the relocation site in Xi'an, Jiangxi.Immigrants were overjoyed and said after seeing it: I never thought that there is such a good place in Jiangxi!In the end, 1144 people took the initiative to settle down in Jiangxi. Zheng Changsheng, Party Secretary of Yanghe Village in Wushan, encountered villagers who were reluctant to leave their hometown and love their homes, which was more interesting than Wang Xuecai's story.Lao Zheng is less than 50 years old this year, and his "official" position is also the lowest level in the entire reservoir area, but his reputation in the Three Gorges reservoir area is not even less influential than the mayor of Chongqing.Because everyone knows that Lao Zheng is now the "governor". I knew he was the "governor" before I set off for an interview in Beijing, and the first thing I said when I saw him was to ask him what was going on with a smile. Old Zheng Hanhan smiled: "Because there is a word 'province' in my name, we were the first to do the resettlement work in the village, and we belonged to early relocation, so the villagers said that I was the heart of the governor. Call me 'Governor'. At first, there was some sarcasm, and later the villagers tasted the sweetness from the early relocation. When everyone called me 'Governor' again, it was more of a kind of kindness and hope..." Yanghe Village, where Lao Zheng lives, is on a dam that is full of grass and sheep. After the Three Gorges Reservoir is impounded, more than half of the village's good land will be flooded.The villagers are emotionally unacceptable.In order to let the villagers live a better life in the future, Lao Zheng ran all over the village, looking left and right, and finally settled on a large cemetery at the village.The cemetery is located above the submerged line, and the "feng shui" is good. Once the Three Gorges Reservoir is completed, the place will be surrounded by mountains and rivers, and it will have a different scene.Lao Zheng called the cadres and village representatives of the village together to discuss the idea of ​​building a new village on the flat cemetery. Almost all the cadres and masses in the village have to immigrate. Of course, everyone is very happy to "rely on the spot" and not leave their homeland, but they have some ideas about moving graves and building houses proposed by Lao Zheng. Sure enough, once the decision was made, the villagers started arguing: "The construction of the Three Gorges Project is a major national event. We support it and are willing to be immigrants. You can't lose your home and dig up your ancestors' graves!" Some people even threatened that whoever dares to move the graves of their ancestors will smash his head first!These words were obviously addressed to Old Zheng, the village party secretary. Some people said that moving the grave and building a house would not work, because everyone in the village knew that his brothers and sisters in the old Zheng family were filial sons and filial daughters.After hearing this, everyone understood: the graves of the parents of the ancestors of Lao Zheng’s family are also in that cemetery. Now it is only Lao Zheng who is “active”, but he has six sisters and brothers who may not be like him. No more!" The immigrants in the whole village secretly watched whether Lao Zheng's own family could pass this test! "Come on, I'm here to offer a toast to my brothers and sisters: I hope you will support my work more, and let the parents who raised us have a better rest..." One day, Lao Zheng asked his son to send his six A brother and sister called home, and then prepared a table banquet.He got straight to the point and said with a toast. "Brother, you have been a village cadre for so many years and we have relied on you for everything. You know this in your heart. It is not difficult for the government to immigrate from the Three Gorges, but we cannot agree to the removal of graves. It is not that you do not know that our parents After passing away for several years, the souls of the two elderly people have not yet settled down, so if you want to move their soil, we will not allow it.” The two youngest siblings stood up first to object, so no one moved a table of hot meals Chopsticks. When the eldest brother Lao Zheng couldn't find a useful word to say to his brothers and sisters, the hand holding the wine glass trembled for a long time, and finally put it down.He knew how his brothers and sisters felt about their deceased father and mother, so in the end he had to kneel down in front of them in tears: "...Good brothers and sisters, I feel the same as you, but think about it, the Three Gorges Reservoir is about to die." After the completion of the project, the graves of the parents will be moved sooner or later. We must not let the graves of the elderly be soaked in water in the future! Ling's words will not be peaceful, right? You see, for my elder brother's sake, I must choose a better feng shui to let our parents and the ancestors of the whole village rest in peace, huh? As a brother, I beg you Once again!" Old Zheng kowtowed to his brothers and sisters while wiping away his tears... What do brothers and sisters say?One by one hugged their heads and cried.But they couldn't accept digging their parents' graves by themselves.So Lao Zheng had no choice but to hire a few migrant workers from other places, and he and they dug up his parents' graves with picks and shovels, and then moved them to a new cemetery. All the villagers saw this scene.Later, when Lao Zheng mobilized everyone to move the grave, most of them cooperated very well, but there were some people who refused to do it, and even opened their mouths whenever they saw Lao Zheng come to the door, saying that it would be enough for you as cadres to let us move. Digging graves and digging ancestral graves, heaven and earth will not tolerate it! Helpless, Lao Zheng had no choice but to do his work time and time again.When others scold, he listens silently, when others scold thirsty, he brings a bowl of water;To put it bluntly, people have to nod and say yes. Then move? ! Moving, I can agree to you, but we have a request: In any case, it is unfilial to let people who are buried in the ground move and relocate.Your branch secretary has to wear mourning and filial piety for our ancestors, otherwise we won't move! Old Zheng let out a sigh of relief, knowing that was the only way to go.For the sake of the Three Gorges Project and the completion of millions of immigrants, I, Zheng, should be the filial son of the ancestors who died first in the whole village! Therefore, every time a coffin was raised in the village, Lao Zheng, in accordance with the local customs, wore filial piety and linen all over his body, and escorted the coffin all the way to the new burial place for burial.Then knelt down with both legs and knocked three heads... Thanks to Lao Zheng's piety and sincerity, the villagers got their psychological balance, and the work of relocation and building a new village started smoothly. After an autumn and winter, the neat new immigrant village stands on a high hillside, as beautiful as the "castle" often seen in foreign movies. The villagers of Yanghe Village not only have such a glorious "Three Gorges Immigrants" stone plaque in every household, but also under the leadership of Zheng Changsheng, they took advantage of the time of relocation several years in advance, when others were still crying for their homeland. Has re-embarked on the road to wealth. Difficult to reason. It is said that Chinese people are the most reasonable.This is especially true for the million Three Gorges immigrants. But sometimes, fear is afraid of reasoning.For example, the earlier Three Gorges Immigration Regulations clearly stipulated that those who did not behave well, and those who had been sued and jailed were not allowed to be included in the list of relocated immigrants.This makes many people who do not want to relocate to other places feel incomprehensible.Oh, I'm a good citizen, because I love my hometown and don't want to move. Your cadres come to work again and again, forcing us to leave.It's good for those who have been in prison and committed crimes, and they can still stay in the warehouse area safely. What kind of reason is this? No one could answer.Immigration cadres are very troubled. There is only one explanation: the state has made such a regulation in order to prevent the Three Gorges immigrants from causing trouble to the government and people in the place where they moved. The government is so thoughtful, but in the actual work process, it does not satisfy the cadres and masses in the immigration work and the immigration area. The Three Gorges Reservoir area who moved out thinks that since it is recognized that being an immigrant from the Three Gorges requires sacrificing personal interests and obeying the national interests, why is it okay for ordinary people to make such sacrifices, while those who have committed crimes and are against Can't the country and the people who owe love and debts let them also sacrifice? People who don't want to leave stare at this question and ask your immigration officials a hundred times, but your officials may not be able to explain it.Since the explanation doesn't make sense, then one sentence: I don't move either. People who have committed crimes are justified: Well, I have committed crimes and done bad things in the past.But now I'm out of prison!It's been remodeled!An ordinary citizen, isn't he?Then why can't we also contribute to the construction of the Three Gorges?Sacrificing some sacrificable interests?Others are not willing to relocate, but we are willing!We are willing to be a glorious Three Gorges immigrant! There are so many things that everyone is justified in the Three Gorges resettlement work, what do you say?In the end, of course, we can only obey the national policy.But the specific work is even more difficult. In Wushan, I met immigrants Lao Zhang and Lao Fu, who were in the same county but not the same township.Lao Zhang was the first immigrant, and most of the first immigrant was "on-the-ground", that is, although he was also among the millions of "Three Gorges immigrants", he was only relocated from the submerged old homestead to the slope of the back mountain. .When the cadres mobilized Lao Zhang's family to move, he yelled and refused to move, saying that the land where he lived by the river was so fertile and the oranges at home were so abundant. Although the cadres worked hard to help him build a bigger and better house than before, Lao Zhang always had resentment in his heart, because apart from thinking that his new home was not as good as the Feng Shui and cultivated land of the old homestead, the main reason was Seeing like old pay they didn't relocate. At that time, Lao Fu, who had no "backing up", was a little gloating. When he met Lao Zhang, he always made fun of him and said, "Old Zhang, you are the pioneer of the Three Gorges immigration!" This time, the old Fu family was included in the list of immigrants, and they moved to Anhui as soon as they moved.So Lao Fu yelled that he was "losing": Why Lao Zhang and the others can "rely on the spot", and I have to leave my hometown and go to Anhui?The cadres said that in order to protect the environment of the Three Gorges in the future, the national policy has been adjusted, and there is not so much arable land in the reservoir area, and moving out can make you get rich relatively quickly.Of course, we must also think that we are the people of the Three Gorges and we must contribute to the construction of the Three Gorges Project.Lao Fu went to Anhui to see that it was really good. The cadres did not lie to themselves. They saw that the house was new and the land was larger than that of his hometown. There must be potential for future development, so he readily agreed to move out. The comparison between Lao Fu and Lao Zhang has a clear result. Suddenly one day, Lao Fu ran into Lao Zhang, another old acquaintance in the county.When I asked, it was said that Lao Zhang was also an immigrant this year, but the one who went there was not Anhui, but Guangdong. Guangdong is a great place, they really treat us as relatives, the land is the best, and the houses are all new bungalows, with water, electricity and satellite TV... Haha, in one word: I am worth it! Lao Fu didn't believe it, so he quietly paid for Lao Zhang's place and went to Lao Zhang's place where they moved out. He really didn't know it, and was stunned when he saw it: Guangdong is better than Anhui! One is an immigrant, the other is an immigrant. Why do we have to go to Anhui? Why do others go to Guangdong where there are small bungalows? I heard that Shanghai, Jiangsu and Shandong can also live in small bungalows?After Lao Fu came back, he found the immigration officer to ask what happened. After Lao Fu said the above words, he left a sharper sentence: I am also a good citizen who actively responds to the call of the country, and an activist among the Three Gorges immigrants!From the perspective of encouragement, you can also arrange for us to go to good places such as Guangdong or Shanghai!Wouldn't there be relatives of your cadres among the immigrants going to Guangdong and Shanghai? It is definitely not unreasonable for Lao Fu to raise such a question. In all fairness, it should be said that there is some truth. You naturally have to answer, and you have to answer convincingly. The difficulty is here.The difficulty is that you have to go where you should go.If the country wants to arrange millions of immigrants, it is impossible to have the same natural conditions and the same specifications.Guangdong and Shanghai are rich and would like to spend more money to build "small foreign houses" for immigrants; the governments and people in Anhui and Hubei are enthusiastic, they send people one-on-one, one-on-one, one-on-one, one-on-one, one-on-one, giving you knowledge and experience .As long as you think about it in detail and in the long run, and take a look, it turns out that no matter where the immigrants move out, they have received substantial benefits and special care. Not to mention "backward", you don't have to experience the long journey and discomfort of leaving your hometown, you can get double or even several times the harvest of those idle land in the few years before the flooding period, and you can also enjoy the Three Gorges in the future A steady stream of benefits after completion... There are big and small, short-term and long-term reasons, depending on where you start thinking. Immigrants can not think about it!They think about it every day, and every time they think about it, they come up with a lot of theories.The resettlement work of the Three Gorges is carried out in the process of constantly solving problems in this endless search, and in the process of constantly solving problems and emerging new problems. The hardest and most difficult is the government. In the Three Gorges Reservoir area, we can see slogans such as "Leave a small family to care for everyone, and be willing to contribute to the Three Gorges".The "everyone" here naturally refers to the country.We Chinese people are used to the word country. In their minds, the country is synonymous with sacredness and solemnity, the hope of happiness and prosperity, and the goal of victory and victory. But the state is not an empty concept.The country is also an institution and a group organization supported by people. It is just a "big family" composed of countless "small families" of ordinary people.As the saying goes, each family has its own difficulties, and naturally "everyone" also has difficulties of "everyone".On the issue of immigration from the Three Gorges, "everyone" is no less difficult than the "small family" of millions of immigrants. The most difficult part of the Three Gorges immigration is the country and the government. Let me first talk about why it took decades to build a project that everyone knows that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? First, of course, is the issue of national power. But is the issue of national strength the only one?no!Without a unified ideology, without a strategy for revitalizing Greater China accepted by the whole nation, without a well-tested scientific plan under such a strategy, it is still impossible to launch the Three Gorges Project with national strength. Regarding the issue of the Three Gorges Project, several leaders of the country have almost exhausted their energy. Mao Zedong was the greatest man in China in the 20th century, but in the end he had to give up the grand plan of "a high gorge out of a flat lake" with a long sigh.Only Deng Xiaoping held up the banner of reform and opening up and decided that the Three Gorges Project was "better in the morning than in the evening" on the basis of full preparations in all walks of life across the country.Only the Party Central Committee headed by Jiang Zemin proceeded from the fundamental interests of the people and realized the construction of the Three Gorges Project.And if the third generation of leaders does not have the foreshadowing and preparation of the first and second generations of leaders, even if it takes 10 or 20 years, the Three Gorges Project will still be impossible to start. The difficulty of the Three Gorges Project lies in matters other than engineering technology. With regard to the matter of millions of immigrants, the difficulties of the country are many times more difficult than people imagined! The question of how many people should be moved is enough for the country. The previous plan was to move as little as possible, because in the past 50 years, it has been proved that every major project resettlement has left behind almost endless rubbish, worrying about how many civil affairs cadres and leaders' hair have been whitened!In order to deal with the resettlement of these immigrants, the state's money seems to be filling a bottomless pit... Less immigration is better? ! Absolutely not.Fewer immigrants will make the Three Gorges Project, which could have played a huge reservoir capacity, become nondescript.In order to make full use of the huge hydraulic resources of the Three Gorges Project, it is necessary to raise the water level of the reservoir to a higher level.As a result, immigration has increased. The Three Gorges Project determines that it must be a great project for a large number of immigrants. Therefore, in the face of such an unchangeable objective, the country began to consider as little as possible to let the immigrants in the submerged area leave their homes. The Chinese can live on their own land like animals. human emotion. The idea of ​​"leaning at the nearest place" is just in view of the above factors - a completely thinking for the people. However, the Three Gorges area was originally a land of high mountains and dangerous waters, and the arable area per capita was less than one mu. The Three Gorges Reservoir submerged the best land cultivated by ordinary people, and the large fertile soil disappeared here. There is even no land in the reservoir area.Land is the lifeblood of farmers, and farmers without land can only become lonely refugees.With more refugees, can the country be stable?Can the regime be consolidated? In fact, according to satellite aerial surveys, the arable area of ​​the Three Gorges Reservoir area should be able to reach at least 10 million mu, and only hundreds of thousands of mu are actually submerged.However, the common people's worries are not unreasonable, because it takes a matter of time between the arable area and the actual arable land, that is, if you want to turn a hill and rocky slope into arable land that can be harvested, it will not take three to five years. I'm afraid it won't be a reality. This is how the contradiction emerged.The country has to figure out a way. The country finally figured out a way, and the way was thought of very, very early. When the decision to build the Three Gorges Project was still being argued over and over again, it tried to cultivate and plant citrus on the "back" hills. already opened—— Fortunately, luxuriant fruit trees were planted on those rocky hills with the white money thrown on them. The citrus groves suitable for the Three Gorges area gave the immigrants a glimmer of hope and comfort.So planting citrus became a measure to ease the survival crisis of immigrants and was widely promoted, but not long after the real large-scale immigration began, the storm of the market economy suddenly blew away the "dream of getting rich from citrus" of the immigrants from the Three Gorges: native-born How can Chinese citrus beat foreign goods and fruits?Even the fruits of the country and province can beat the citrus handed down by the old Mr. Qu Yuan for thousands of years, and it is worthless! The immigrants cried.The country is even more choked up. The method has to be rethought. Therefore, the new "Regulations on the Resettlement of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River" has such a very eye-catching content: "Rural resettlement should be based on the development of large-scale agriculture. Economic gardens, the development of forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, sideline and other channels should be properly resettled; where conditions permit, township enterprises should be actively developed, and secondary and tertiary industries should be developed..." Yes, of course it is easy to do so in "qualified" places, the problem is There are not many places in the Three Gorges Reservoir area that are truly qualified to operate secondary and tertiary industries and township enterprises.As for other things such as "usable land", "stable and high-yielding grain fields", etc., it is not easy to have! Even if all of the above are available, including fields, land, township enterprises, and secondary and tertiary industries, someone suddenly raises a bigger question: the Three Gorges Reservoir area can no longer follow the old path of some reservoirs. A great project and a great reservoir become a "big cesspool". Environmental protection is the foundation of the Three Gorges reservoir and dam. Well, the environmental awareness of Chinese people has been strengthened, which is a good thing!But millions of migrants have "backed up" to the mountains, and the Three Gorges Reservoir will definitely bring about serious ecological consequences! The country faced another big problem.In order to solve the environmental problems of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the future, the Prime Minister will spend tens of billions of RMB!But this still cannot solve a fundamental problem: the problem of millions of migrants in the reservoir area. "Leaning back on the spot" has become a prominent problem among the problems.The sharp opinions of the experts are almost as good as pointing the noses of the leaders of the country face to face.Even friends and enemies abroad commented on this issue, more vigorously than discussing their own family affairs. move!Move out of the warehouse area!After repeated argumentation and thinking, the country decided that the immigrants in the second or even the third period should move out to other places as much as possible. At first, it was solved in the county, city, and province. Later, it was not easy to solve it in the county, city, and province, so we decided to move to other provinces. Which province to choose?Naturally, the first thing that comes to mind is Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, which have a small population, a lot of land, and relatively good natural conditions. Organize emigration!So after tens of thousands of mobilizations, the first batch of about 2,000 immigrants to go to Xinjiang was finally formed, and there were also thousands of people who went to Heilongjiang. "Xinjiang is a good place. The grapes all over the ground are fragrant and fragrant, and the girl is as beautiful as a flower..." More than 2,000 Three Gorges immigrants from Wushan and other places traveled thousands of miles to Xinjiang with good yearning.Sure enough, because they arrived in August, which is the most beautiful season in Xinjiang, and the girl is indeed beautiful.The immigrants feel very fresh. They are used to seeing the water and mountains of the Xiajiang River, and then looking at the sky and clouds in Xinjiang, it really makes the hearts of the immigrants bloom: the sky is so blue, the clouds are as white as a woman’s Chest... Someone wrote back and said so. However, these more than 2,000 people returned to the reservoir area without exception in less than the spring of the second year.what happened?Isn't it good!Why are you back? Turtle son, what's the matter!The immigrants who came back patted the cold on their bodies and said: That is not a place for us southerners!It's so cold that peeing when you go out is like a popsicle, we're used to working all year round so we don't have time to spare.But Xinjiang is good, the whole autumn and winter are nestled on the kang, and I don’t even leave the house. I can’t live in those days! I see. The situation in Heilongjiang is basically the same. The Three Gorges immigrants from other provinces and cities (districts) under the pilot program were "annihilated". what to do?Where can I migrate to "go out, stay stable, and gradually get rich"? The country faced another problem. Since the Three Gorges Project is beneficial to the people of the whole country, it is reasonable for those provinces and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River that have benefited from the Three Gorges Project to contribute to the resettlement of the Three Gorges immigrants.Yes, the provinces and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are all economically developed places, so it should not be a problem to resettle a certain number of immigrants.The development and stability of the Three Gorges immigrants will be much better in those places in the future! This plan works!The central leadership delineated this move as the best policy. In this way, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Shandong, and Sichuan, including the uninundated areas of Chongqing, are listed. These natural conditions are relatively good, the economy is relatively developed, and in the future after the completion of the Three Gorges The 11 provinces and cities that have benefited most have resettled the resettlement tasks outside the Three Gorges.At the same time, the central government issued a notice to the counterpart provinces and cities to support the construction of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The latter has gained a lot. The provinces and cities, especially Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces, have rich wealth and deep friendship, and a large amount of money has been given to the people of the Three Gorges for free.Today we took a walk in the reservoir area, and the best buildings you saw were almost all supported by the people of the above-mentioned brother provinces and cities.By the end of 2005, the national counterpart support for the Three Gorges had reached tens of billions of yuan, fully reflecting the warmth and friendship of the big socialist family. If you don't go deep into the Three Gorges Reservoir area, you won't know where the real focus of resettlement work is.If you go to the reservoir area, you will know that the biggest battle for immigrants is during the relocation of those towns. According to statistics, there are 13 counties (cities) and 114 towns or towns below the submerged line of the Three Gorges Reservoir.The counties of Zigui, Badong and Xingshan in Hubei, the counties of Wushan, Fengjie, Wanxian, Kaixian, Fengdu and Yunyang in Chongqing were basically completely submerged, and most of the counties of Fuling, Zhongxian and Changshou were submerged. That is to say, the above Residents in counties (cities) are all immigrants.All urban infrastructure such as streets, docks, industrial and mining enterprises, shops, schools and hospitals in the past will be relocated accordingly. There is no more magnificent and exciting big move than this!I "visited the Three Gorges three times" and witnessed the relocation and construction process of the cities in the reservoir area. Only when I was there, can I feel the impulse. On that day, I met the magistrate Chen of Fengjie County, known as the "Chinese Poetry City", just on his way back from the old county construction site.At that time, the county magistrate Chen didn't care to pat the dust on his body. He pointed to the long queue of convoys behind him excitedly and said to me: "Every day we have to send 200 large trucks to move from the old county to the new county. This has already been relocated. It’s been 3 months! It’s estimated that it will take another month to move all the people and things from the old county to the new city.” Three or four months!200 large trucks per day!Have you ever seen such a big relocation?What is it if this is not a magnificent and exciting battle? County Magistrate Chen also told me a piece of data: In the past three years or so, due to the construction of the new county seat, most of the residents still live in the old city, and the motorcade that picks up children from the old county town to the new county town for classes every day is There are as many as 50 (the school moved to the new county first)! I can't believe that in such a small county town, a small county town by the river, on a road winding on the mountain rock wall, it is necessary to carry out such a large-scale and long-term relocation. campaign?And what is the painstaking effort and price that County Magistrate Chen and the others have to pay as the commander of the battle? Dozens of cities and 114 towns (fields) where the Three Gorges immigrated have undergone such a large relocation every day for several years!You and I go to that kind of place and try to be the county magistrate, mayor, and town mayor, dare you? During the Three Gorges immigration battle, our leaders and cadres at all levels are betting on their own political future, wealth and life. However, this is only the appearance. In the Three Gorges reservoir area, almost all the flooded towns are famous historical cities and towns, that is to say, they are all treasures passed down by the ancestors.怎么个搬？怎么个建？一句话：动一动，就是个怎么了得！ 城市的迁移，决定着三峡库区的未来。每一个方案，每一个部署，都将影响子孙万代。科学的决策便显得至高无上。 开县的被淹可以说是“飞来横祸”。它距长江70多公里，许多当地的百姓，一辈子连长江是啥样都不知道，可三峡工程却使他们成了移民，干部们告诉大伙说是以后的三峡水库的大水要把这儿的房子和田地全淹没。这不是“飞来横祸”是什么？ 开县是共和国的开国元勋刘伯承的老家。这是一个“六山三丘一分坝”的特殊地区。在开县全境，即使登高远望，也见不到滚滚东去的长江。开县建县于东汉建安二十一年，是个距今1780多年的老县。现有人口140余万，人称“中国第一县”。此地虽山高路深，却是物产丰富、矿藏遍地的聚宝盆。县境内有个储量500亿吨的特大型天然气田。开县的柑橘年产在三峡库区名列第一，年产量达6万吨以上。素有“金开县”之称。 在三峡库区，那些依长江而居、吃长江水而生的人，此次因兴建三峡水库搬迁，情在理中。可开县人有些感情上不好接受：他们与长江“井水不犯河水”，偏偏回灌而进的长江水，将淹掉他们开县的面积高达85％以上，受淹的人口12万人，接近三峡湖北库区的全部被淹人口。 当三峡工程“175米方案”传出后，“金开县”的上上下下几乎全都沉没在欲哭无泪的状态之中。一方面，建三峡水库是国家的百年大计，必须全力支持；另一方面，自古以来自产自足、年年丰裕的开县与长江“井水不犯河水”，恰恰现在要为长江而作出牺牲，而且这种牺牲几乎是“金开县”的全部代价——其实就是全部代价了，被淹的85％的地方都是开县原先最好的坝地和山丘，剩余的15％的地方都是高地荒山，是不可植种之地，更非适合人畜居住。而沿长江的其他被淹县市，一般都是“一条线”式的淹没，呈现梯级状态。开县则不然，它的淹没区呈一个巨大的葫芦体，一旦三峡水库蓄水，淹没将是一次性的彻底的淹没。开县领导算过一个账：县城和10个镇（场）全迁，按开县自身的建筑施工能力，需要35年才能完成。如果引进一支3000人的建筑施工队伍，在资金保证的前提下也得需要19年。作为纯粹的回灌被淹区，开县的损失还有一个最让人有苦说不出的隐性问题：由于地处水库回水末端，随着三峡电站的蓄水与放水所形成的涨落，如此每年30多米的“涨落”而造成的被淹区时裸时泡，必然带来严重的水土流失和气候变化。 开县吃足暗亏。他们在高喊“支持三峡建设”的同时，心头裂开着一个血口。也许正是因为开县远离长江，所以在很长一段时间里，这个淹没大县和移民大县，却很少能见到高层领导巡视，相反那些淹没不算很大，而因在三峡名胜之地却不断有领导光顾…… 开县人默默地承受着、期待着。 终于有一天，他们盼来了中央领导，盼来了能够表达心里话的机会。 “正是不到开县看一看，就不知道三峡移民有多难啊！”全国政协副主席、“老水利”钱正英面对开县风景如画的秀山丰田，感慨不已。 国务院三峡工程建设委员会副主任郭树言看了开县的坝子，听了县领导的汇报，又深入到被淹农民家里，然后站在大片大片挂果飘香的坝子面前，久久不语。末了，他深情地说：来开县两个没想到：一是没想到开县为三峡工程要牺牲那么大，二是没想到开县这么繁荣。 三峡整个库区都难寻像开县那么好的坝子，淹没了太可惜！郭树言立即指令随同一起到开县的三峡建委移民局和长江水利委员会的负责人：马上着手对开县淹没和移民情况重新作调查研究，以供国家最高层正确决策。 一场尽全力保护“金开县”的战斗在轰轰烈烈的三峡大战中悄然拉开序幕。 同年10月，当郭树言再次来到开县视察时，随行的长江水利委员会的人便带来了《小江大防护工程规划设计报告》。这个《报告》是建议在长江支流的小江下游云阳县的高阳镇修建“小江水利枢纽”，从而实现将三峡库水拒在开县门外，用电排抽小江水于三峡库内的“保开县”之目标。这个方案被开县人称之为“大防护”。 “谁说我们开县没人管？'大防护'就是中央对我们开县最大的关心和重视！”开县人感激万分。但这并不能打消他们继续想从根本上解决问题的念头，他们为了保护好美丽的家园，力求争取得到更加完善的方案…… The opportunity has come. 1995年10月底到11月初，国务院三峡建委移民局和四川省人民政府在北京联合召开了“小江防护工程规划”专家级评审会。历时4天会议上，专家组组长、中国工程院副院长潘家铮代表专家评审组表示：《报告》仍需继续研究。 会后的第七天，时任总理的李鹏和副总理邹家华便亲自来到小江坝址考察。 “开县的同志来了没有？”李鹏问。 开县书记、县长赶紧报告：“来了。总理！” 李鹏点点头，关切地问：“你们对'大防护'方案有什么意见？” 开县张书记先发言。他没有直接回答总理的提问，而是说：“报告总理，我们认为长江水利委员会提出的是解决开县移民问题的一种方案而已，我们认为还有其他方案。” 李鹏转头朝邹家华副总理笑笑，又饶有兴趣地问开县的同志：“你们快把其他方案说说。” 开县正副县长就赶紧将开县的地图铺开，然后在总理面前一番陈词：长江水利委员会的大防护，固然是有可取之处，但我们开县被淹的面积中有十几个大小不等的坝子，如果也能用筑坝的方法加以保护起来，这样对我们开县移民和未来建设将有极大好处。 听完介绍，李鹏总理频频点头后，陷入了思考。“你们的意思我明白了。”这时，总理站起身，分别与开县的几位领导握手，然后对邹家华副总理说：“他们的想法有道理，我看对开县的问题要从长计议，从长计议才对啊！” 次年12月17日至21日，决定开县的三峡移民问题和未来建设命运的会议再次召开。争议仍在“大防护”与“小防护”之间展开。开县出席的是县长刘本荣，这位肩负140万人民重托的县长声情并茂，慷慨激昂，他的倾向性意见得到了专家们的首肯和赞同。最后专家组认定：从开县实际出发和科学的、长远的角度考虑，建议仍采用以移民为主与“小防护”并举的方案来处理开县的问题，以达到尽量保护好当地生态环境和减少耕地被淹之目的。 历时五年的“开县悬念”，就这样被化解了，那是一个符合科学和符合开县人民根本利益的方案。经过运用小防护的方案，开县最富沃的17块坝子全部保了下来。县城和赵家、安镇、铺溪、厚坝四个移民集镇整体搬迁…… 从1998年开始，开县投入了紧张的城镇搬迁和大规模的移民工作。他们并没有忘记党和国家给予他们的关怀，在一边依靠政策及时合理和科学地安排好移民与搬迁的同时，积极培育未来开县140多万人口的生存与发展新天地，先后组织了30余万非三峡移民的南下“务工大军”。今天我们来到三峡库区，看到的开县移民新村新城里为什么比别的地方楼房更多，道路更宽，生活更富裕？原来就是这支30余万人的“南下务工大军”每年挣回的几亿几十亿人民币在起作用…… 开县人从来目光远大，高人一筹。在三峡移民的举世战役中，他们又一次显示了非凡魅力。 奉节是三峡库区又一个全淹县城。奉节的淹没，对文化人来说，是个极其痛苦的事情。 小小奉节县城，那是产生和积淀中国灿烂文化的一个宝地。 “朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还。”几乎每个中国人都会背吟李白的这一千古绝唱。“白帝城”就在奉节，奉节因此还有“诗城”之称。除李白之外，王维、杜甫、白居易、刘禹锡、陆游、苏东坡……都在此地留下了佳句。 “刘备兵败托孤”、“诸葛八阵抵敌”的一个个历史典故与传说，无不向人昭示着奉节深厚博大的文化底蕴和沉甸甸的历史沧桑感。瞿塘悬棺的神秘、锁江铁柱的风烟、举世无双的天坑地缝，还有令鬼哭神泣的黄金洞、孟良梯……奉节的天造美景与奇观，留给中华民族的不仅仅是自然遗产，更多的是文学与文化方面的精神遗产。 “诗城”奉节要搬迁了！ 新县城在哪儿？还在美丽的长江边上？千古不朽的“白帝城”怎么办？“诗城”就这样“蒸发”了？103万奉节人民期待着答案出现。 于是，新县城选址成为奉节拉开移民战役的首场决战，且关系到整个战役的成败和这座有2300多年历史名城的未来。 “诗城”是浪漫的，但建设一座什么样的新“诗城”则是实实在在的基础工程，浪漫在这中间退至后位，可没有浪漫的设想则显然首先就是一个失败。 奉节人为寻找一个理想的新县城地址而苦苦奋争了十余年。因为按照长江水利委员会的“绿皮书”告示：奉节在兴建三峡工程中，全县被未来上涨的库水淹没的有17个乡镇97个村；县城属于全淹；与县城遥遥相望的白帝城将成为一座水中孤岛。 老城没了，新城该建何处？去过奉节的人一眼就能看到，奉节老县城紧贴长江，两岸尽是高山峡谷，无论逆江而上，还是顺水行舟，见不着哪儿还有一块比现在的奉节县城更平坦的贴江之地！更何况，新县城必须建在未来水库175米水位之上。 奉节县的领导们把未来新县城的选择权交给了103万全县人民。民意的结果是：新县城应该“不脱离长江，不脱离历史文化背景，不脱离白帝城风景区”。这“三不脱离”代表了奉节的全部历史和优势，人民的意愿一点也没有错。 但何处寻找这“三不脱离”呢？已经有几届县领导为此伤透了脑筋。 说起来，最早的那年应该要从1984年算起，在当时的四川省城乡建设环境保护厅牵头下，奉节县开始了第一轮的新县城选址。经过一番马拉松式的考察论证，最后提出了三个地址：一是老县城上游的安坪一带，二是老县城后面的莲花池，三是近靠白帝庙的宝塔坪。 “安坪离老城太远，那儿的话我们肯定不愿搬！”县领导坚决否决了第一方案。 “莲花池也不行，虽然那儿是属于老县城的就近后靠，可把县城建在离长江的海拔面太高，以后我们吃水难，出门的路也难走。莲花池不合适，我们不去！”第二个方案老百姓不干。 “宝塔坪看起来是好，可那儿地形峭陡，地质结构复杂，滑坡多，不利于在这样的地方建城市。这个方案我们不同意。再说白帝庙都要给库水围了，你们新县城再选那儿没有什么理由。”第三个方案被负责整个库区城市建设规划的权威部门长江水利委员会否定了。 “这么说咱奉节新县城要建天上啦？”有人开玩笑说。 建在天上是不可能的，但奉节新县城到底建在哪儿更合适真是成了比上天还难的事。“长江委”后来又提出在“朱衣”的地方，立即被奉节人否定了，原因还是“离老县城”太远，离白帝庙太远，离长江太远。 如此主观愿望的“三不离”和客观上的“三离”打了六七年的架，最后奉节人和有决定权的“长江委”总算有了一个双方妥协的方案——新城建在宝塔坪一带。这个方案的决定与全国人大将要通过《三峡工程建设决议》有关，否则有人估计还要“拉锯”十年八年。 1993年12月8日，奉节人在得到省建委的批文之后，立即投入了新城的正式建设。奉节人急啊，如不把新县城建好，一旦长江蓄水，整个老县城将淹入水中，那时几十万人上哪儿去？上山？山上咋个吃，咋个睡？还是背井离乡搬到别人的地盘？那奉节还有没有了？即使后人答应，祖宗答应吗？ 干哪！大干快上，早日建设起新城，奉节就会在整个三峡移民建设中不落伍！ 然而，奉节人万没有想到，正当他们热火朝天地在宝塔坪建设之时，有一天“长江委”的总地质师崔政权率领一批工程技术人员又一次来到奉节。他们在宝塔坪一带转悠了十余天，直转得奉节人心里发毛。最后果真事又来了—— “我们现在正式告诉你们：把新县城建在宝塔坪是绝对的错误，至少新县城的中心不能是宝塔坪！原因只有一个：这里的地质条件地形条件都不具备。这是不可改变的铁的事实。” “这这……你们早些为什么不说呀？”奉节人一听就愣了，本来就穷得靠勒紧裤腰带开工建设新县城的他们，无论如何也接受不了白白扔进长江的几千万元建设费的现实…… “早？们早在几年前就提醒过你们，可你们听得进我们的一句话吗？”“长江委”的人也有一肚子的气。 此时已是1995年初秋，三峡工程已经正式开工也有一年多了，全库区恐怕惟有奉节人还在犹豫新县城的建设选址的事，能不急吗？ 事情闹到了省里和中央。 国家有关部门领导亲自坐镇奉节，以便了却这件火烧眉毛的要事。 “朱衣”的方案还是比较合适。“长江委”再次推出几年前他们的意见。 “奉节的同志，你们的意见呢？”领导问。 “朱衣还是远了……”奉节人始终不松口，但态度远比以前软得多。 “走，我们还是到现场看一看，然后再听听百姓们是怎么个意见。三峡建设是个百年大计的事，县城建在哪，怎么个建法，既要注意科学，又要考虑百姓的利益，所以更要从实际出发，从长远出发。”领导提议道。 又是一次从头到尾的认真考察调查，反复论证。最后，大家一起重新坐下来议定。“既然奉节的情况特殊，那么我们也不能死抱着陈旧的思维方式。城市建设的最终目的是为了什么？三峡库区的城市建设又是为了什么？因此建议大家要从这些着眼点来思考问题……”领导不愧高瞻远瞩，指点迷津。 在新的思路下，很快大家有了新的统一的认识：既然奉节地理特殊，情况特殊，那么新城的建设不一定非要找块找不到的集中地，那就根据可能，将奉节新县城建在一个既满足奉节人所希望的“三不脱离”范围上，又能不影响百年大计千年大计的符合科学和长远发展的地质条件好的地段。于是，从地质条件好的朱衣——连离老县城最近的莲花池——接已经建设一定规模的宝塔坪的“三点一线”的新奉节城思路，便这样被确定下来。呜呼，这是一个“长江委”，奉节人都能接受的方案。 “谢谢领导的英明决策！”喜从悲来的奉节人紧握北京来的领导之手，感激之情溢于言表。 悬在奉节人心头十余年的新城建设方案终于可以使他们放开手脚大干了。1997年3月1日，作为奉节主城区的三马山小区正式动工兴建。此时，距三峡工程大江一期截流仅为8个月，奉节人自知比库区兄弟县晚了几年的城建，但他们没有因此气馁，而是奋起直追。 2002年夏，当我来到奉节时，已经看到那犹如散落在长江边的珠子般的新城，延绵15公里，气势磅礴，独有一景，不由惊叹这奉节不愧是诗的故乡。那新城的独特韵味，首先是它的别具一格，其次仍是它的与众不同，那伴江延伸的城郭，与伴山嵌建的楼群和穿梭环绕在楼宇城郭间的条条崭新的马路，如此和谐地组合在滔滔扬子江边，这不正是未来三峡的魅力所在吗？ Yes. “诗城”奉节依旧无与伦比。 在我离开奉节的那一天，从老城区倾城而出的浩浩荡荡的移民大军，正欢天喜地地登上汽车，朝新城迁移。坐落在瞿塘峡之旁的白帝庙保护工程也正式启动，这里将是一座风景更迷人和超然的“泽国诗城”…… Four years have passed.我在电视新闻中看到，今天的奉节新县城和那座“泽国诗城”已成为一个美丽的现实了，它们与百万三峡大移民的伟大壮举一起被载入史册而成为光辉的永恒。 三峡移民，是重庆直辖市的立市之本。重庆直辖市的建立和发展过程，又为三峡百万移民提供了组织上的、精神上的、物质上的全方位推动。就像长江与嘉陵江两股江流汇聚在一起所产生的力量一样，那是一种势不可挡的力量、一曲高亢而优美的凯歌，它永远地写在了共和国的光辉史册上。