Chapter 3 Chapter 2: Preparing for Black July

From the resumption of the college entrance examination in 1977 to 2000, China has experienced 23 years of the college entrance examination. During the resumption of the college entrance examination, most of the students who were admitted to Peking University, Tsinghua University and other top universities because of their good composition or mathematics, today most of them have passed away. Become the main force of all walks of life.Now their children have almost entered the age of the college entrance examination or have entered the university.Twenty-three years seem to be like a flick of a finger. People find that the same is the college entrance examination, and the situation today is completely different from yesterday.Back then, how much people looked forward to the resumption of the college entrance examination. When those students who had lost the opportunity to go to college for many years heard that they could take the college entrance examination, it was like seeing the sun again in the dark, like a withered life meeting rain and dew.However, more than 20 years later, when their children also started to take the college entrance examination, let alone their children were afraid of the college entrance examination. When I entered the examination room, I was even more uneasy.

Why is that?Because the college entrance examination competition in today's university is several times, even dozens of times, fiercer than that of more than 20 years ago.The first is the competition in numbers. In 1977 and 1978, although a total of 11.6 million people took the college entrance examination, which became the largest exam in the world, in fact, if the total number of school-age youths is used to calculate, the total number of people who can really take the college entrance examination should exceed More than 100 million people!But it was precisely because of the special reasons of the "Cultural Revolution" that many people were completely unprepared when they resumed the college entrance examination after a ten-year suspension.Many people have completely given up the right to take the college entrance examination. They did not enter the examination room, giving up the opportunity for those who did.And the college entrance examination back then was much easier than it is now.

"At that time, we didn't have so much pressure to take the college entrance examination. It was just that whoever passed the entrance examination could enter the school again. Even if he failed the entrance examination, there were still many people around him. They still had work and work without entering the university. Food, maybe during the few years you were in college, he got into a job that was better than the job you were assigned after graduating from college. This situation lasted at least until the end of the 1980s. But when our children also left Today, when you enter the college entrance examination, the situation has completely changed: if you fail to pass the university entrance examination, it means that your life's status may be determined from then on, and you will never be able to enter the "upper class society". The most obvious example is that you leave without a college degree. Instead of entering the booming "recruitment market" for employing people, you can only go to the bland or even dirty "labor market". These two markets are actually the embodiment of two different classes. Another situation is that, At that time, although we took part in the college entrance examination and put in a lot of hard work, we basically got a few points. Many people even handed in blank papers in certain subjects, but they also entered the university. Is it okay now? Of course not, my daughter For the first time, I took the second place in the city, and I was more than 20 points higher than the admission score of Peking University, but I didn’t get into the school in the end—because I didn’t get the quota for my first choice, and another key university didn’t admit my second choice. How could this situation happen 20 years ago? So, for the same college entrance examination, the background of competition experienced by the two generations is completely different.” A parent of a student whose two generations were admitted to Peking University told me.

Since when has the college entrance examination become more and more intense and full of gunpowder?Parents can't tell, and students can't tell. Only the teachers of the school can feel and experience it from the "Black July" they prepare for year after year. July in China is the month of the college entrance examination (although the spring enrollment has just been implemented, the main examination period has not changed).The reason why July is called "black" is because the smoke of the college entrance examination pervades the days of the college entrance examination every year like a war. Only a war full of gunpowder can turn the clear sky into black. How heavy!

Twelve years of cold windows, for the decisive battle on July 7, 8, and 9; Recite and calculate piles of textbooks and reference materials in order to cross this high "Dragon Gate"; Numerous days and nights of nurturing and worrying are still in order to enable children or students to win in the examination room. July has become an annual war that the Chinese must go through every year, but it is the three days of the exam that determine the outcome of the war?So there are the following scenes of "campus preparations" that can smell of gunpowder—— It must be fools who think that the victory or defeat of the college entrance examination is in the three-day examination room on July, August, and September in July.In the dozen or so prestigious middle schools I interviewed from south to north, their admission rates for college entrance examinations are so high that they are admirable, almost all of which are above 95%, that is to say, every one hundred of their high school students Ninety-five of them can be admitted to universities (including junior colleges), which means that as long as they can enter such schools, they will basically be able to enter universities.This is how famous middle schools and key middle schools slowly form prestige and image in people's minds.

According to the results of my investigation, those so-called famous middle schools and key middle schools in various places were not awarded such honors at the beginning, but it was because the wind of the college entrance examination turned their little-known schools into famous ones. Star Middle School.In today's commodity society, all famous things have high gold content. Famous actors can get high appearance fees, famous products can be sold without anyone shouting at the side, and the intangible assets of famous enterprises will shock you.The brand of a famous middle school is also valuable, and an "unplanned" enrollment quota, 35,000 can be credited at will.

What is the name of the famous middle school?Of course not born with it, the key is the attractive admission rate of the college entrance examination. What is the admission rate based on?Work hard, be serious, work hard, work hard?The principals all secretly laughed, and they told me quietly: If all the students recruited by the "successful recruitment" are stupid students, no matter how famous I am, I will not be able to increase the admission rate and admission rate of the college entrance examination!That's called stupid work, and stupid work can never do smart work. Only smart people can do smart things that save trouble and effort.

I later learned that their so-called smart thing is that they have already selected seedlings for the college entrance examination before the students have entered the college entrance examination stage-trying every means to recruit good students with excellent grades into their schools, and the rest Just follow the steps and get it.In Beijing, everyone knows that the No. 4 Middle School is a famous school, and the students who pass the exam here are either Peking University or Tsinghua University. What is the secret?Because it can recruit the best children from all over Beijing every year, its annual admission score is often 20 to 30 points higher than that of ordinary middle schools. For example, in 1999, their "success" clearly marked 600 points In fact, it is very difficult for students with a real score of 600 to enter the No. 4 Middle School. Why?Because all the children with a score of 600 or above wanted to enter this "cradle of Peking University and Tsinghua University", as a result, the number of enrollment places in the No. 4 Middle School was limited, and those who did not score above 610 could only sigh in despair. Is it easy to score 600 points in the five courses of "Success Recruitment"?For ordinary students, this is almost a record!Therefore, all students who can enter the fourth middle school are the best of the best, the best of the best.

There is only one Beijing No. 4 Middle School in the country, and it is also a school directly concerned by UNESCO, so we exclude other schools from being compared with it.The competition among famous schools in various places and cities is different, because they are not as special as Beijing No. 4 Middle School. snare net", and racked their brains and spared no effort. Lao Han of a certain school’s academic affairs office told me that their school has several methods to attract outstanding students to their school every year: for example, a comrade in the office of their academic affairs office is responsible for external publicity and liaison work, and regularly invites students from the city or The news reporters from the provincial newspapers stationed in the city go to the school to "contact feelings", in fact, they invite these reporters to act as advocates for the school; There is strength; another trick is to assign each faculty and staff a student quota, how much is rewarded for each city-level three-good student, how much is rewarded for every ten who pass the line (that is, exceed the school admission score), etc., so It can ensure that the optimization rate of the student source is as high as possible.

"Is it worthwhile to spend so much effort?" "Of course it's a good deal." Lao Han answered me affirmatively. He told me such a rule from the personal experience of an old teacher: Generally, the difference between good students and poor students is reflected in the concentration of learning.Excellent students or students with good grades often have a strong interest in learning. As the saying goes, they can sit still and control themselves without the teacher's talking.Except for a few innate intelligence factors, most of the poor students are inattentive in learning and unable to sit still. No matter how you manage them, they will not be able to achieve the effect of conscious learning.Another difference is that good students generally have a very high sense of competition, and their eyes are always fixed on a higher goal. Poor students are different. They lack the sense of competition and follow the crowd. , may not work either.The conclusions made by experienced teachers prove that under the same conditions, a teacher who wants to cultivate a student with a poor foundation into an excellent student will spend the same time and energy as teaching three to five students with a good foundation.This ratio shows that in the same school, the quality of students can affect the school's educational efficiency by at least three to five times. In fact, this is just a general rule. If the internal personal factors of good and bad students are included together, this The ratio will increase even more.

Lao Han said to me: "You think, no matter how responsible the teacher is, the students are not his own children. Could he give you 'wholeheartedness'? This makes everyone willing to teach students well, because The better the students, the easier it is to teach, and the easier it is to teach them, the more emotional and interesting they are, the better they can teach and the more results they can produce. Teaching poor students is the complete opposite, you will be bored to death, all day long It’s full of endless talk, no matter how good-tempered people are, they will get anxious, and in the end you still have no grades. So we set targets for teachers and use incentives to encourage everyone to strive for good students. Everyone can understand and understand. They can actively think of ways, because everyone knows that instead of asking me to teach a class of poor students in the future, it is better for me to work hard now to win a class of good students!" The competition is so intense.As long as we take a look at the annual "Zhongzhao" venue, you will feel the smell of gunpowder.However, this is only a superficial article, and the competition for survival on those "invisible fronts" has become more intense.A junior high school student in a certain school won the championship of the provincial mathematics competition and returned to school. Immediately after returning to school, he was received by the leaders of the key high school in the city.Parents and children were naturally very happy to hear this.This matter was known by the principal of another high school, and they also snatched the provincial mathematics champion to their own school.They heard that the child wanted to work on Chinese, so they sent an excellent Chinese teacher to be a tutor for the child for free.A year later, when the principal who promised to let the child go to high school without the exam came to register the child, the parents told him that the child had already entered a certain middle school, that is, he was recruited by the school that provided free family language tutors.The principal sighed to Tianchang: "It's over, what I lost is not just one good student, at least ten or twenty!"Sure enough, the school that snatched away the "provincial mathematics champion" immediately publicized the news of "provincial mathematics champion taking our school". All the provincial math champions have passed the entrance examination to a certain school, why are we so stupid!So everyone flocked to this school... Haha, the teachers and principals of this school that "grabs one phoenix and attracts ten thousand phoenixes" are very happy, because this battle not only affects this year's Enrollment performance will have a very inertial joint effect on enrollment in the next few years. The teachers in almost every school now know that if they want to fight a good battle in "Black July", they must start the recruitment before the soldiers and horses are moved, and they must be ruthless! As for the position of grabbing students in the headmaster's mind, others can't feel it.Lao Wang, the old principal of a certain school who has now resigned, talked to me about his personal experience, and after hearing it, I felt that it was very interesting—— Lao Wang used to be the principal of No. 1 Middle School in the city.The No. 1 Middle School and the No. 2 Middle School are both famous schools in the eyes of the local people in a certain city.No. 1 Middle School has a relatively longer history, so it can be called the "boss" in people's minds, and there is a sign of "Provincial Key Middle School" there.Principal Wang was originally the deputy director of the Education Bureau. When he was transferred from the Education Bureau to the principal of No. 1 Middle School, some people said that he was unlucky, because in terms of qualifications and age in the bureau, he should also be the director of the bureau. When the team was in charge, a young man from another department who was not an education background was allowed to occupy the position of director.This time he was really angry, and proposed to the city leaders that he would rather teach in the school below than stay in the Education Bureau.The city researched and said, "take care of your emotions", and in order to make the work of the new director smooth, so a paper transfer order transferred Lao Wang to No. 1 Middle School as the principal, and at the same time retained the vacant position of deputy director.Those who said Lao Wang was unlucky did so after reading the above-mentioned circumstances. Lao Wang knew what the Education Bureau was in the eyes of the city and the people.Especially as he used to be a deputy director at the deputy department level, and he is even a "little carrot head". Who takes him seriously?The major policies of the Education Bureau are all instructed by the top, decided by the municipal party committee, and implemented by the director. If there is such a clear and consistent thing in the official road, what is there to gain?The principal is different, especially the principal of a prestigious school.The common people put it vividly: no matter how big the mayor or governor is, we can't stand him and don't buy him; although the teacher and the principal are not officials, which family doesn't have a "little emperor"?The teacher and the principal are in charge of our family's "little emperor", so the teacher and the principal are "the emperor's emperor", and everyone who sees them has to kowtow and smile. After taking office in the No. 1 Middle School, Lao Wang is not without pressure. This pressure comes from the competition between middle schools in the surrounding cities and counties.The pressure is the pressure, but after all, Lao Wang's No. 1 Middle School is an old school with a history of nearly a hundred years. There are a lot of great scientists and famous people who have been listed in the "Who's Who in China".After such a year, Pharaoh also only completed a year of working time in the process of getting acquainted. The college entrance examination ended in August, and No. 1 Middle School's college entrance examination rate hit a new high, ranking in the top three in the province, and it has taken a few important steps forward from the previous ranking of five or six.The people in the city, especially the parents of those who have been admitted to college, have reported to the municipal party committee and the municipal government, demanding that No. 1 Middle School be credited.At the new session of the city's National People's Congress, a deputy director of the National People's Congress whose grandson was admitted to Peking University suggested that the No. 1 Middle School who should "make outstanding contributions to the city's education work" should be reserved as representatives of the National People's Congress and members of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.This suggestion immediately won the unanimous approval of a considerable number of members of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress whose children are studying in No. 1 Middle School or whose children have graduated from No. 1 Middle School.After the number of representatives from the No. 1 Middle School came down, it naturally fell on the headmaster Lao Wang.This is the first time a veteran worker who has worked in government affairs for decades is sitting on the rostrum of a power organization that determines the political destiny of the city. In this situation, he suddenly feels as if he has ascended to heaven. However, for Principal Wang, this "feeling of ascension" is just the beginning.The municipal people's congress had just finished, and the election of provincial people's congress representatives was held immediately. Lao Wang's votes in the contested election were even higher than several deputy directors of the people's congress.The prosperous and bustling provincial people's congress was over, and the meeting of advanced educators in the province was held as scheduled.Needless to say, among the county-level city representatives whose college entrance examination rate ranks third in the province, Lao Wang is the toughest one, because the top two universities in the college entrance examination rate are two famous schools in the provincial capital. Afterwards, in fact, the gold content was absolutely no less than the previous two schools. This point was said many times by the head of the provincial education committee in front of Lao Wang.Of course Lao Wang loves to hear these words, to put it bluntly - this is a question of showing the weight and qualifications of Yizhong and Lao Wang himself compared with others. After returning from a few meetings in the provincial capital, Pharaoh went from being a "deputy officer" who was rarely interviewed by the mayor and the secretary of the municipal party committee in the past to a celebrity who came to visit the school in person.No matter what meeting there is in the city, as long as the achievements of reform are mentioned, the leaders will lift the No. 1 Middle School and Lao Wang out.Lao Wang has since become a well-known local celebrity, and his actual prestige in the hearts of the people is no less than that of the mayor and secretary.Especially when enrolling students in the new year, Lao Wang proposed that No. 1 Middle School should increase the enrollment rate of 95% in the previous year's college entrance examination by two percentage points, reaching the goal of 96%, and further expand the enrollment rate. Hundreds of "new measures" almost made the whole city cheer for it. "No. 1 Middle School" and "Principal Wang" have become the most yearned-for places and the most remarkable figures in everyone's hearts.Lao Wang once heard such a "folk story" from a friend nearby: A farmer went to the city to handle errands, but he got lost as soon as he entered the city, and he didn't know whether to go or stop when he saw the traffic lights.It was getting dark, and I hadn't found the place I was looking for, so I wanted to find a hotel to stay.But the hotel asked for his ID card, and he said how can I have an ID card?The hotel says you can't stay without an ID.The fellow thought for a long time and said that I knew a man in the city, you can ask him if you don't believe me.So people asked him who do you know?He said Principal Wang's name, and added embellishments: "Principal Wang and I are cousins!" The owner of the hotel heard that he was "Principal Wang's cousin." Without saying a word, he immediately seemed to meet Like his own uncle, he opened a "high room" for him.After the fellow had a comfortable night's sleep, he walked to the cash register the next day with a little nervousness—he was anxious to think that this time the money of the piglets would be wasted.Unexpectedly, the owner of the hotel not only confiscated a penny from him, but also smiled and gave him three cigarettes and four bottles of wine, all of which were high-end.This fellow doesn't understand what's going on?The shop owner whispered to him: My son is studying in No. 1 Middle School. When he entered school this year, he wanted to give you "cousin" meaning, but your "cousin" didn't want anything.No, you and Principal Wang are a family, and someone has accepted the kindness we wanted to express, right?The fellow who came to the city for the first time, never thought that he would get so many benefits by mentioning "Principal Wang is my cousin", so after returning to the village, he said to his brothers and sisters-in-law: The city is good, you just need to say that you are Wang. The principal's relative can do anything. "I heard that you have many relatives now?!" After the friend finished telling the "legend", he asked Lao Wang if it was true? Lao Wang didn't deny the "folklore", but just said with a smile: I have found a lot of trouble.In fact, Lao Wang was very happy in his heart, at least from this kind of "legend", we can see the prestige of his principal Wang among the citizens. There are still funny things.The city is going to allocate a batch of welfare housing to teachers. Immediately after the news spread, the owners of several housing companies approached Mr. Wang, saying that Mr. Wang, your housing is covered by me, and we dare not do it if you give you a set for nothing. , That would make people say that you are being bribed, but in terms of good location, size, orientation, and decoration, you only need to say a word, and we will handle it all for you.Lao Wang has two sons and a daughter, and they are about to get married. He has been the deputy director of the Education Bureau for many years and has not settled the house once. This time, he should be considered, but because he saw that the old teachers at the school had more difficulties at home. , Pharaoh gave the index of the public housing to others.The house merchants didn't know what Lao Wang was thinking, and thought that Principal Wang didn't like the generous gift that came to his door.So they asked each other whose "gift" it was, which made President Wang laugh, and secretly compared to presenting gifts to President Wang.Everyone knows that whoever can "open up" the relationship with Principal Wang will have more solid and rich wealth than gold and silver mountains-this means that his children can enter the city's No. 1 middle school and go to university in a safe and secure manner. "It's obvious who is a hero in our life. Who is a hero and who is a hero in the next generation is the foundation of the family's prosperity and decline." The common people recognize this truth, so it is the most important thing to be able to burn incense and recite sutras in front of President Wang. most important thing.But later, Principal Wang didn't ask for a house for himself, so this "gift-giving" competition quietly retired. When Lao Wang served as the principal of No. 1 Middle School for the third year, the young head of the Education Bureau was transferred from above.At this time, the municipal party committee asked Lao Wang for his opinion to see if he would take the top spot.Lao Wang is a smart person, and he has the "feeling of ascending to heaven" as the principal of No. 1 Middle School in recent years, so he repeatedly shook his head and said "limited ability and limited ability", so he declined.It is this "rejection" that makes the people admire the principal Wang of No. 1 Middle School even more. Lao Wang, who is over half a century old, is now very popular. However, the moon waxes and wanes. In the fourth year when Lao Wang became the principal of No. 1 Middle School, the college entrance examination rate of No. 1 Middle School fell for the first time this year, and the drop reached 3 percentage points.However, the No. 2 Middle School in the same city has experienced a miracle—it has the same 94% entrance rate for the college entrance examination as "Big Brother" No. 1 Middle School. This year, the local news media focused on the principal of No. 2 Middle School. Before the college entrance examination, Lao Wang was investigating abroad with the National People's Congress delegation, and he was secretly surprised when he came back to hear the news.However, Lao Wang, who is already sitting on the top spot of "provincial advanced", said to himself with ease: it is not surprising that he occasionally misses. He still did the work that their No. 1 Middle School should do, but the teachers below reported to him: No. 2 Middle School adopted a new method of recruiting new students this year, which took away many good students. Lao Wang was a little disapproving after hearing this: Our No. 1 Middle School is the "trump middle school" in the eyes of the people in the city, and no one can squeeze us out if they try to make a crooked move. In the second year when Pharaoh did not regard No. 2 Middle School as his opponent at all, No. 2 Middle School's college entrance examination rate was once again equal to that of No. 1 Middle School. "Since it is flat, we can't say that we lost to others! Didn't you see that our school won the gold medal of the advanced unit of quality education in the province this year? So in this sense, have we lost? Besides, we They are all from an education background, so we can’t just focus on the students’ entrance rate for the college entrance examination. That will make our exam-oriented education more and more serious, and eventually lead the education work of cultivating people into an incorrect path, which will damage a generation or possibly It is the national quality of several generations!" Lao Wang said to the faculty and staff who were talking about it at the annual college entrance examination summary meeting.His words made quite a few people nod their heads frequently, but some teachers didn't agree with him and proposed to leave No. 1 Middle School and go to No. 2 Middle School. Old Wang is furious: Those who want to leave prove that he has no sense of responsibility for No. 1 Middle School, let them go, even the backbone! As a result, five young backbone teachers were transferred from No. 1 Middle School to No. 2 Middle School. In order to win the city's outstanding students this year, the No. 2 Middle School came up with a new strategy: they cooperated with an educational institution in a certain country to set up an "international class" in the school, teaching Chinese and English bilingually.This made another group of good students who wanted to enroll in No. 1 Middle School go to them again... "It's simply bluffing and cheating!" Lao Wang was very angry when he heard about it, and reported the problem to the municipal party committee.The secretary smiled after hearing this, and said that China's old education model should also be reformed. So many people like bilingual education, which proves that there is a market for it. There is nothing wrong with exploring the way. It was the first time that Lao Wang heard that the secretary did not take his opinion seriously, and his heart trembled: Why, is he really not as good as others? No, after the college entrance examination became clear again this year, No. 2 Middle School’s enrollment rate and number one in arts and sciences both surpassed No. 1 Middle School, replacing No. 1 Middle School for the first time, and became an advanced educational unit in the city and the whole province.Among the common people, there is a widespread awareness that sending children to the second middle school is the only way to get a good university entrance examination if the first middle school is not good enough.What followed was that Shengyuan and Qianyuan flowed back to the other side of the Second Middle School like the tide of the river... "Principal, there is not enough money to repair the school building this year. Should I replace that new Audi with a Santana?" The director of the administrative office walked into the principal's office gently to ask for instructions. Pharaoh was so angry that he didn't hit one point: change!replace!Do it now. On this day, Lao Wang went to the Municipal People's Congress to open a new congress. A brand-new Audi stopped abruptly in front of him on the road. A proud smiling face protruded from the other side's car window to greet him: President Wang!Let's go, let's go together.It turned out that the principal of No. 2 Middle School sat in the new Audi. Lao Wang's face twitched a few times, and he waved to the other party with a fake smile, saying that I still have to do something, you go first. In this year's National People's Congress election, the principal of No. 2 Middle School became a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, while Lao Wang, the principal of No. 1 Middle School, lost the election.Before the meeting was over, Pharaoh asked for leave and went back to school. When the National People's Congress ends, it is the Spring Festival.During the Spring Festival in previous years, the threshold of Lao Wang’s family was almost broken. The invitations and New Year’s cards he received to participate in various activities could fill a sack. However, this year, Lao Wang only received less than a dozen visitors and two people. A dozen New Year's cards. What a cruel world!When the gongs, drums and firecrackers blared outside, Lao Wang sighed alone at home.He caressed a stack of shining medals and certificates, and looked at the transcripts of the freshmen's preliminary test in No. 1 Middle School. After thinking for a long time, he picked up a pen and paper, and wrote a resignation application to the leaders of the municipal party committee... Two months later, Lao Wang's request was approved and he was assigned to be the director of the Education, Science and Culture Office of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.At the handover meeting of the new and old principals of No. 1 Middle School, the principal of No. 1 Middle School clenched his fists and said to the teachers and students of the school: Everything is empty.When Lao Wang heard this, he looked at his successor in surprise. He wanted to say something, but he couldn't say it. That's right, if you don't increase the enrollment rate, what qualifications do you have to be a principal?Lao Wang sighed and left his beloved education front forever. When the Spring Festival is approaching, the new principal who took over Lao Wang's class came to visit the old principal with a few boxes of snacks, and took the opportunity to ask for some experience.Lao Wang sighed and said: We are better than the No. 2 Middle School. The problem lies in the source of students. In a word, if you want to catch up with No. 2 Middle School and revive the prestige of our No. 1 Middle School, you have to find ways to get good students. Otherwise, no matter how hard you try, it will be useless. The new principal asked the old principal again: So what tricks should be used to grab students? Pharaoh said: What trick?Anything you can do to get good students will work. The new principal was young and quick-witted, so he said, "Then I will start discussing the matter of "cooperative joint classes" with the junior high schools starting this year. Do you think it will work?" Lao Wang was puzzled: What is "cooperative joint class"? The new principal said: From the time the children entered junior high school, we have formed partnerships with these junior high school classes in the name of No. 1 Middle School, and jointly run the junior high school for three years. Come! When Lao Wang heard it, he was overwhelmed: This move is good!Parents and junior high schools are welcome. The new principal stood up and said: Then I will do it when I go back. As a result, the competition for the college entrance examination in a certain city has taken another big step forward. The children and parents in junior high school have already personally felt the smoke of the "Black July" of the college entrance examination coming to them... What is rush time?Of course I'm in a hurry.What's the secret to being in a hurry?The mystery is so great that you laymen can't think of it at all. I found an extremely common phenomenon in all the high school graduating classes I visited, that is, almost all schools have no new courses after entering the senior high school graduating class.How is this possible?According to the syllabus, the third year of high school is the key content of the college entrance examination?Can you win the college entrance examination without teaching in the third year of high school? Right, if you don't teach in the third year of high school, you can win the college entrance examination.At an on-site meeting on education work, Wang Wei, representative of Sichuan Province and head of the high school teaching and research group of a school in western Sichuan, talked about his accumulated "experience" over the years.He said that they had always followed the teaching syllabus at the earliest, and they should take the third-year classes as usual in the third year of high school. They waited two or three months before the college entrance examination before concentrating on students to review before the exam, but later found that no matter how to do it, they felt nervous. The content involved in the college entrance examination will be reviewed from the beginning within a month. The students feel nervous, and the teacher also finds it difficult to complete.So the school decided that in the last semester of the third year of senior high school, all the courses for one year must be taught, and the graduating class will start the general review as soon as the school starts after the Spring Festival next year. This effect is obviously better than in previous years.But to compress the three-year high school curriculum into two and a half years of teaching, you have to enter the senior high school course in the semester after the second year of high school.Later, they still felt that no matter what the school did, they just couldn’t catch the college entrance examination admission rate in a nearby county.In terms of teachers and teaching ability, Wang Wei said that his school is not inferior to the middle schools in neighboring counties at all. What is the problem?Wang Wei then sent someone to visit secretly—it had to be done secretly, otherwise people would know that a competitor was coming, and in order to conceal the truth, you would return with nothing.Wang Wei said that he obtained accurate information under the guise of visiting his old classmates in college: it turned out that his trick was that he did not take new courses at all during the semester of the third year of high school, and all entered the full-year review, which took a year Invest in preparation for the college entrance examination so as to win the final exam!It takes two years to teach a three-year course. Either there is something wrong with the original syllabus, or the school has made some evil moves.Wang Wei went back and told his principal that the principal, who had been a middle school graduating class teacher for most of his life, couldn't figure it out.At the meeting of the head teachers of the graduating class, the principal kicked the ball to everyone: You see, are we following the syllabus, or are we following the path of the brother counties?Most teachers said that this is obvious. The syllabus is like the constitution of the country. Failure to follow it is illegal and outrageous.But some young teachers disagree with this view, saying that now is a commodity society, everything depends on benefits, and education also depends on benefits. If a high school does not improve the admission rate of the college entrance examination, everything is empty talk, let alone that we are equal to The hard work is for nothing, the principal will lose face, and the school's reputation will never increase.Whether the three-year high school course is completed in two years or in three years is not the fundamental issue. The fundamental issue is whether the admission rate of the college entrance examination is the first. If the admission rate is not raised, our school will lose its students, and everyone will lose their jobs in the end. It will be smashed.The discussion was extremely intense. After three days, the opinions were unified, and the majority obeyed the minority. Wang Wei's school also decided to start with the new high school students, start from the first day of enrollment, set up an extra class every day, and arrange more every week The teaching time is from half a day to one day, starting from the third year of senior high school, and there are no holidays on Saturdays and Sundays, and classes are held around the clock. "I made it clear to the students and their parents: whoever does not take overtime courses is fine, but our school is not responsible for whether they can get good grades in the college entrance examination." The principal finally made a decision, and the teachers were like facing a world war. The mobilization of the class, parent meeting after parent meeting, the caliber is unified: this is for everyone, for you to have good college entrance examination results, for your children to have a future, so the school, students and parents must work together. Does this violate the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Education?The State Education Commission seems to have stipulated more than once that non-graduation classes are not allowed to increase class hours casually, so I asked Teacher Wang Wei for advice. There are regulations, but how many schools follow the regulations?Unless you are a middle school in Beijing, because it is too close to the Education Commission, you dare not violate the rules.Which high school doesn't do its own thing?Teacher Wang Wei said that in fact, according to the curriculum arrangement of the syllabus, senior high school students only have one or two months to review for the college entrance examination.Now the competition for scores in the college entrance examination has become so fierce that every score you win may determine the fate of the candidate's life. How can it be possible to get good grades without hard work and ten times or a hundred times more effort than others? The college entrance examination is raging in the land of China, and it becomes more and more fiery during this day-to-day class rush.The college entrance examination is like a train that is out of control. It goes faster and faster. In the end, no one can hold it back. With the huge inertia accumulated over the years, it rushes towards the majority of students, leaving a lot of panic and senselessness for the majority of candidates. This is how the tense atmosphere of the college entrance examination in China is almost formed, not in the third year of high school or the second year of high school, but mostly from the first day of enrollment in the first year of high school! Such a thing once happened in a certain city: after a group of students who had just experienced the battle of the "high school entrance examination" entered the city's key high school, they thought they could relax completely. Announcement: Starting from next week, Saturdays will no longer be a holiday, and classes will be held around the clock. Sunday morning will be the "special class" tutoring, and the afternoon will be the start time of the intensive class. Attention all students, those who have outstanding grades can participate in the "special class". Those with poor grades must go to the "reinforcement class" to make up lessons.As soon as the senior freshmen heard it, they shouted: Are we still allowed to live?The teacher said without even turning his head: If you want to live, you have to follow the instructions above, otherwise no one can save you.When the students went home and told their parents, the parents were very surprised, but they only expressed varying degrees of silence about the school's arrangement. Some even appeared to be "filled with righteous indignation" at home with their children, but secretly happy ——就得这么抓，否则大学怎么考？同学们没有得到家长的实心同情，于是有“领袖”主动出来写信给市教委控诉学校的做法。教委后来把信转到了学校，学校拿到转过来的告状信，执行得也非常坚决：凡参与写信的同学完全可以不参加“特色班”和“加强班”。 “哇——我们胜利啦！”孩子们好不兴奋，因为他们的斗争赢得了胜利。但这些同学很快发现，由于不参加周六、周日的课程，他们再也无法在平时的课堂上与其他同学同步学习了，因为老师讲的课已经远远走在了前头。尝到苦头的学生回头再想挤进周六、周日的班时，学校说：可以，但必须每人写出检查并加倍交补课费。到了下一周，参与写告状信的孩子一个个被家长押着走进校长办公室，垂头丧气地拿着补课费和检讨书站在那儿，逐个当众悔过。打那时起，这个学校的周六、周日班再也没有人敢提出异议，一直开到现在。学生和家长普遍反映：如果不是学校周六、周日班开课，家长肯定要多费不少心，说不定高考就拉下一大截。 刚刚过去的2000年春节前，国家教委为了给中小学生“减压”，发了个“紧急通知”，内容要求全国各地在寒假时不得随意开设各种“辅导班”。这应该是个好消息，但效果并不明显，因为家长们一下急坏了，孩子在家干啥？整天看电视？一年一度的高考、中考春节一过就又“硝烟四起”，考不好谁管？教委管吗？in spite of.肯定不管嘛，它哪管得到千家万户？所以说还得有辅导，于是一时间全国各地的教师成了今春寒假最抢手的一族。以北京为例，所有中学教师几乎被“订销”一空，而且稍稍有点名气的名牌中学教师的家教费涨到每小时八十至一百元，就是这样的高价，依旧忙不过来。某中学的一位物理教师告诉我，他从1月20日正式放假开始，每天安排的家教时间多达九个小时，春节的几天里也只有大年初一那天没有学生来上课。他说在放假的近一个月里，所挣的家教费相当于他半年的工资，日均收入在六百元以上。面对如此火爆的意外收入，这位教师不亦乐乎。我走访了几个京城外的中学高中班，他们多数是在春节后其他行业的职工上班时，也都开始了全日制的“补习”。这种名为补习、实为开学的上班的目的，仍然只有一个：那就是赶教新课，抓紧高考前的点滴时间，备战黑7月！ 赶课赶时，其实早已成为中国高中教育阶段的普遍现象。学校的反映是：我们也不想这么干，但高考压力实在太大，学校不为应届生争取更多的复习时间，就难以保证考生成绩。家长基本全部支持。理由是：学校有经验。老师知道应该用多少时间先学完高中课程，再用多少时间进行复习，以对付高考。只有学生感到太苦大累，因为三年的课程要在两年完成，等于每一天二十四小时必须干完三十六小时的事。这么一赶，全中国的学生，全中国的老师和全中国的家长，便一下子全都感到有做不完的题，干不完的“加班”。于是，备战高考的火焰越燃越烈，直到举国上下都觉得烫手烫脚…… 也许，中国是由于人太多的缘故，一旦有什么大的事需要处置时，总会将人分为一二三类，三六九等。你看，进行阶级斗争的时候，把人分为地富反坏右；搞政治斗争的时候，又有左派、右派、中间派一说；搞国企改革时，便出现了编内编外、分流下岗等等，总之人大多太杂，便得按胖瘦高矮，划出个优劣好坏，似乎这样方能循规蹈矩地推进某些事件的历史进程。这些本来都是属于科学管理的有效手段之一，但统统什么事都这么分来分去，可就要坏菜了。 高考的事太多，能否考上大学和升学率高与低，对考生和学校来说都是成败在此一举。将应届学生分类，也就成了备战大考的必须手段。于是最热闹的一招，莫过于考前的分班与分流之战。 按理，学生从来都有好差之分，即使在同样的环境下也有好学与不好学之别，尤其是大学的专业几百近千种，文理科之分在所难免。但问题偏偏出在这必须分的过程中，常常因分班分流而发生学生与老师、老师与老师、老师与学校、学校与家长、家长与老师和学生与家长之间的种种激战。 在恢复高考的前几年里，高中阶段没有分班分流一说，那时到高三下学期才为了便于报考上大学的志愿，要求学生有重点地进行文理侧重复习。但到了80年代中期以后，随着高考压力的逐年加大，分班已成为趋势。从人才培养角度考虑，进行“专业性”的文理分班无可非议，尤其是中国的教育从小学到高中的十二年课程里，一直采用的是灌输式教育，很少能发掘个人智力潜能，因此有专家认为在高考前一两年，应该实行必要的文理分班。起初的分班根据上述理由，但现在的情况完全是另一种分班，即各学校为了取得高考录取率而将同学科的学生们以成绩好、中、差来进行高考前的大分档。成绩好的第一档被编入A班，学生均是学校和老师认为有可能取得高考好成绩的，这是老师和学校内定的必保生，他们是决定学校年度高考录取率的“主力部队”；第二档是那些成绩中游水平，推一下可能考得上大学的“二梯队”学生，他们被编入B班；第三档是完全没有可能考上大学的差生，被编入C班。也许除了一些在国家教委挂上名的全国著名中学外，几乎所有的中学都这么做，有些分得还要细一些，如A、B、B、D班，或者叫法不同而已，但分班的实质完全一样。 “不分班不行啊。你想，学生总是有优良差之分，而高考又是一道死死的门槛，小学和初中，好生和差生同在一个班级大家不会有太多意见，可到了高考时学生和家长们便不干了，老师也不会干的。比如一个班本来有三分之一的同学有希望考上大学，但就因为班上有几个差生总是拖后腿，课不能往前赶，必然会影响好学生的进步。所以一到高二，学校就顶不住来自家长们的压力了。有一年我们分班稍晚了一些，成绩好的那些家长就联合起来把校长整整围了一天，要求他必须答应分班，家长说否则孩子考不上大学就拿他是问。有的说得很激烈呀，说你学校要是耽误了孩子考大学的前程，我就把你学校和你校长的家全砸了。你以为家长们说说就是了？想错了，他们真能干得出来的！有一年一个学校就自以为顶住了'分班风'，结果有两位成绩不错的孩子没有考上大学，学生后来对自己的家长说，全是因为班上有几位差生拖了他们的后腿，家长一听火了，把班主任和学校校长打得屎尿拉了一身。被打的班主任和校长把打人的家长给告了。处理此事的法院院长的孩子，前两年也吃了没分班的苦头而在高考时没考上重点大学，人家法院院长明确告诉那被打的班主任和校长：你们这是活该！瞧瞧，你不分班试试？分班，那些成绩好的学生和家长当然高兴了。其实学校也是极愿意分的，因为利于教学，同时还能确保高考的升学率。可是哪那么容易分呀！那些被分到C班的差生们感到自己是被学校划入'下等公民'，干脆不好好学习了，成天捣乱不说，弄不好反过来会让学校下不了台。那年我们学校就出现了一个分到C班的学生后来在高考时考了全校当年高考分数的第三名，这位学生在拿到大学入学通知书后，与家长一起用了一桶粪跑到原来的班主任家'感谢'，说是有意要臭臭那有眼无珠的老师。你说这老师冤不冤？这老师后来一个学期没有好好上班，精神受了刺激。问题最难处理的是那些被分到B班的学生，对他们有时很难界定。我就碰到一个家长很难缠地问我，凭什么把他的孩子分到了B班？我说是根据学校规定的三次模底考试成绩多少多少这么分的，那家长提出你能保证那些所谓好成绩的学生中，就没有人是靠作弊而'成功'的吗？我说那谁也说不准。他说这就对了，你教师既然这都说不准，你就更没有权利用三次简单的摸底考试来把我家的孩子分到B班去。最后我只好投降，说你只要能在年级教研组长那里说得通，我就让你孩子归位到A班，后来他真的做到了，可那孩子到了A班不出三个月就自动要求退到了B班，因为他觉得A班进度太快，听了课仍等于没学。所以说高考前的分班是最热闹的，也是最难弄的事，但每个学校又必须这么干。不干谁都不能安宁。你校长不想分，要是当年全校高考录取率下降了，你校长日子就不好过；老师也愿意分班，不分班家长天天跟你磨，弄不好脑袋上给人砸个包出来。当然分了班也会不小心被人在你家里放把火。你作家可不要笑，真有这样的事啊。我们邻近的一个县的一所中学，就因为有个老师在分班时得罪了某学生，高考结束后，这老师在乡下的两间房子突然起火，好在村上的人抢救及时才避免了大灾。事后有人说，看到是那个落榜生所为，但谁也没有证据，再说那学生后来到南方打工去了，几年不回，被害的老师有苦难言……”现在也在北京当文化“高级打工仔”的王先生，有声有色地给我讲了他过去在宁夏县级中学当中学老师时的亲身经历，高考前的分班所带来的阵阵惊涛骇浪把我深深震动了。 不能不承认分班教学的优点，它可以让那些比较有把握的学生接受更良好的教育，并向更高的目标努力；它也可以使那些本来有些吃力但在方法得当时又能迅速赶上的学生，获得上大学的可能；而对那些本来离高考录取分数线就有较大距离的学生来说，也可免受备战之苦，踏踏实实坐下来学些真知识。然而分班备战高考，客观上使学生们在还未进入高考的决战时，就开始经历一场心理考验，有人因此得意，又常常发展到忘形的堤旖。有位家长颇有切肤之感地对我谈起他的在一所名牌学校A班的儿子的变迁过程：他的儿子原来在班里是前十名水平，分班时进入A班，那小孩子高兴得一下子从家长那儿获得了两千块的“奖励”——这是他老爸早先许诺的。在两千块钱拿到手进入A班后，他不是更加努力了，而是因为听了老师的一句“A班就是大学的预科班”，以为自己进了A班就可以稳拿大学录取通知书了。不出一年，这位学生由于对自己要求不严，成绩跟不上，被逐出A班，降到B班。这下子他受不了了，在学校里受到同学们的白眼嘲讽，回到家又被老子狠狠地揍了一顿。在如此几方面的压力下，这学生从此开始厌学，最后又降到了C班，成了彻底的差生，高考自然没有他的戏可唱。他父亲想为他再出钱弄个社会大学上上，但儿子说什么也不愿意，现在就只能在一家装饰公司做苦力活。 这位家长还不是最倒霉的，上海某中学学生张雯的家长更心酸。他们的“千金”张雯在前九年义务制教育时都是品学兼优的好学生，是同学、教师心目中的宠儿。可到了高中后成绩下降了，老师和她父母都着急，张雯自己更着急，为把成绩突击上去，她真的几乎达到了“头悬梁、锥刺股”的程度，但日久天长，身体跟不上了，记忆力也差了，在高二时她被无情地分到差班。分班名单公布的第二天，张雯没有来上课，她给父母留下一张字条后，在家中割脉自杀了。她在遗书上对父母说：“……女儿实在无颜面对你们，无颜面对老师和同学，也无颜面对自己，既然无法抬起头做人，在这个世界上活下去又有什么意义……”像张雯这样被高考备战时的分班所击倒的何止一个两个！东北某市1997年10月就发生过一起七名女中学生集体出走的事件。她们留给学校和家长的信中直言不讳地说：“是分班的残酷现实使我们不得不远离屈辱之地……”可见，不得不进行的分班教学，是高考前很多学生必须面临的一次近似残酷的考验。 分班带来的战火并不仅仅烧在学生身上，教师之间也常常因此而烽烟不断。 某校刘、王两位女老师原来是少有的好姐妹，她们是同一所师范大学同班同学，又一同分到了同一所中学且同带一个高中班。本来两人你有事我就帮你代课，我有事叫你一声绝不会说“不”字。但进入高二时，刘老师被学校安排教了A班，而王老师则安排到了C班任课，这种差异让王老师无法接受，她怎么也思忖不过来，而且越想越觉得自己一定被“姐姐”刘某算计了，因为她知道校长对刘有好感，于是玉百思不解，最后认定肯定是刘为了达到能任教A班而不惜为校长“献身”，结果把她作了垫底。王越想越无法忍受这等耻辱，尤其让她气不打一处出的是，每当上课铃声响后，刘某还总是笑嘻嘻地朝她打招呼，而且比平时更加亲热。“假惺惺的，少来这一套！”王心里骂得咬牙切齿。差生本来就叫人头痛，王心里不舒畅，再加上班里学生老出乱子，校长不时在大会上批评她，对教A班的刘某则大加赞美，这使得王更加认定：刘出卖了她，刘与校长有见不得人的事。王如此忍气吞声地带完了高考前的C班教学，高考下来，她的班全军覆没，刘的A班则大出风头，有个学生还考了市第一名。不用说，王与刘两人在学校里彻底地成了优差两类教师的代表，刘成了全校的红人，而王则自我感觉正是由于刘的大红大紫，才使校长把她打入“冷宫”。一气之下，王用一夜功夫，写下了三十封状告刘某与校长通奸的诬陷信，并发到市委、教育局、报社等几十个单位。这事闹大了，检查部门派人一调查，纯属诬陷，王因此被开除出校。当她离开学校时，已经原谅了她的刘老师前来为她送行，王搂住刘泣不成声地忏悔…… 王走了，但学校新一年的分班工作又开始了，校长说得非常明确：不这么做，谁也确保不了学校的高考率，与其让一些人感到难受，不如让更多人在考上大学和考上重点大学后好受。 校长还说，我们仅仅只是分班，要是搞分流那才真叫见招。 什么是分流？分流就是把一些根据平时学习成绩，加上参照每年高考的录取分数线进行测定，把那些似乎没有希望考上大学的学生分流出校，这样做往好听里说也是为了学生未来的前途考虑——有时智力和能力差的确实有，让他们免受高考之苦，明知龙门跳不过，就赶快抓紧时机另抓出路，如考职高呀，念私立学校呀，再在别的学校蹲班复读呀，总之你得离开本校，另谋出路。 分流从什么时候开始的？1995年时，国家教委曾发过通知，针对那些很难考上大学的学生，学校可以将其在高考前分流“出局”。这个通知精神当然有它的积极意义，首先是发通知之前，教育主管部门没有对分流一事有过任何态度，但分流在各地的学校中已成事实；第二是分流确实能减少高考对全民的压力，使学生。家庭和学校三方面都避免不必要的浪费。然而，分流本来就存在很多人为因素，加上不少学校借此作为手中的一根权衡自身利益。调节高考升学率的魔术棒，分流便成了备战高考的一场非常残酷的“战争预演”。另外，当时教委下发的允许采取分流的通知曾明确规定“必须经本人和家庭自愿”的原则，问题恰恰就出在下面并没有注意这个“自愿原则”。 因此，分流使学生和学校之间的矛盾变得异常激烈。学校在这一问题上几乎都表现积极主动，因为这是决定本校高考升学率的大事。我走访过某省一个偏僻的县级普通中学，在那里你看不出有什么硬件和软件方面的优势，破旧的校舍据说都是“文革”时扩建的，全校除校长办公室有一台电脑，专用作打印文件外，现代化设施很少，更不用说什么“语音教室”了。学生说他们连做物理实验用的仪器全都是些破破烂烂的坛坛罐罐。至于那些老师的教学能力，更不敢恭维。我问一位英语教师是什么地方毕业的，他说是地区专科学校，选他任教英语是因为学校找不出第二个比他英语更强的人了。他们的老师中绝大多数是土生土长的本地人，很多人连省城都没有去过。但是这个中学对外称自己的高考录取率能达到百分之七十左右。这个比例在大城市当然不算高，可在内地的普通县级学校里，那绝对是个高水平的学校了！后来我一了解才知其中的奥妙：原来他们开设的四个高三班中，有一个五十六人组成的大班是复读班，即专为那些落榜生“回炉”再读而特设的班级。复读班学生一般不在学校应届生的册子上，但学校却等高考一发榜，便将其中考上大学的人一下编入在册之列。而在另三个班中，有近三分之一的学生在进入高三第二学期，便被强行分流到其它地方去了，个别不愿走的，学校明确说，同意你留在高三班上课，如果毕业会考及格也可以发毕业证，但绝对不准参加高考。如此一进一出，这学校的高考“录取率”一下高出二三十个百分点。到时学校有面子，老师有面子，当地教育局和县长、书记脸上都有光。据调查，目前中小城市的中学里，如此分来分去的做法，已是各自心照不宣的事了，因此有人戏说：越是教学质量差的地方，高考录取率会越高。其中的奥妙全在于它可以借各种手段甚至动用政府行为把那些学校认为的差生分流出列。他们把剥夺学生上大学的权利变成了某些利益的魔棒，校长、局长和县长想要什么样的高考录取率，其分流的魔术棒便会怎么个转动，在这样的魔棒下，广大学生成了不折不扣的牺牲品。 我听说过一个并非是笑话的笑话：西北某省有所边远中学的校长和老师们，最大本领不是如何在教学上下功夫提高学生的高考水平，倒是在分流学生这事上招术颇奇。先是硬的，不行就来软的，硬软不吃的就来泡磨术——天天派专员到学生或家长那儿做“思想政治工作”，基本上没有做不通的，因为他们手里有特别武器——对那些实在做不通的，交县、乡领导亲自处理，竟然出现过有一位党员的子女坚决不愿分流离校，县、乡两级领导多次找到这位党员家长，说你必须从“讲政治