Chapter 37 Chapter two

About the scene of the last moment of the massacre, only these people are clear, the following are the memories of a few lucky survivors—— Liu Debin: "...When the enemy's machine guns started firing, I was still very scared. I sat on the bed with Comrade Chen Zuoyi and fell down immediately. Since there were many comrades blocking the door, I was not shot. The bullets were fired more densely in the first and second rooms, and less in our fifth room. At this time, some comrades were shouting slogans and scolding the spies after being shot. It was decided, but there was also a fluke mentality. Therefore, during the interval between the enemy's shooting, Comrade Huang Shaohui pulled me, and we fell from the bed to the middle of the room. Because the room was crowded with people, the shooting by the spies was also difficult. Concentrated at the four corners. At this moment, I was shot in the right arm. I had a fever and bled, and passed out... Then I heard the secret agent open the door and come in to fill the gun, but luckily missed the bullet. Then the house caught fire, and I sat up , and then Zhong Lin, Yang Peiji, and a man from Guizhou who were injured and survived, we rushed to the door together, but the door was locked and we couldn’t get out. At this time, I found a gap under the door, so we all rushed Opened the wooden door and rushed out..."

Sheng Guoyu: "On the night of November 27th, we all fell asleep, and suddenly we heard the spies yelling: Get up, get up, and hand over immediately! We don't know where to do the handover, and when we get dressed and come out, the spies will I was escorted to the eighth room on the ground floor. Everyone didn't know what was going on. At this moment, a whistle was blown, and someone shouted: "Shoot!" There was also the sound of a team of runners running towards our cell. 'Da, da, da...' Immediately there was a loud sound of bullets, and I immediately fell down under the bed by the window. After a while, I heard the secret agent open the door and come in and say: Is there anyone alive? I didn't dare to move, I only heard those few The baby was crying, and the spy said: "Cut the weeds and roots! The gun fired again, and the baby's cry will never be heard again. Other sounds are gone. The spy went to the back of the cell to replenish the gun. He heard the spy shouting again." : Is there anyone alive? It’s going to be set on fire! After a while, I felt the cell was on fire. I felt someone pressing on my waist, it was a living person, and she already felt that I was alive, so she said softly: Zhang Da, hurry up Get up and run! I heard the voice was Hu Fangyu, so she thought I was Zhang Jingfang, because we usually call Zhang Jingfang Zhang Da, she is older. Hu Fangyu stood up and went out at this time, but suddenly heard two gunshots , Hu Fangyu didn’t make a sound anymore. I was very nervous and didn’t dare to move. Later I saw the door was on fire, and I thought: They are all dead anyway. Rather than being burned inside, it would be better to go out and be shot to death So I stood up and went out. When I got out of the fire, I even lost my shoes. After crawling on the ground for a while, I crawled towards the toilet. I thought it would not be easy for people to know there. There were already people there. It was cold, smelly and wet inside, and I was lying in it and dared not move. After a long time, I heard someone talking, it was two women talking: "Is there any life left? Beat you The people are gone, hurry up and run! We are the family members of the arsenal!' When I heard that it was the people who came to rescue us, I quickly raised my hand. They came to pull me up and said, 'This is still alive. Hurry up Carry me out!' Later they carried me to their home, and I was rescued like this."

Liu Hanqin: "I was lying on the bed when the enemy was shot, pretending to be dead, but the enemy missed the shot. Later, the enemy burned the cell and broke the door post. Xiao Zhongding and I used the bed frame to break the door post. I went out and ran... I was walking behind, and when I heard gunfire outside again, I retreated to the cell and stayed for a while before I remembered that there was a coal hole at the foot of the Zhazidong, where I could hide. So I went to the rice mill Run (that is to say, there is a hole under the house next to the corner of the upstairs), jump into the hole, and see a person running in front of me. I ran closer and saw that it was Fu Boyong. He is also a fellow sufferer. I didn’t know him before. At noon on November 28, some spies returned to Zhazidong to conduct a search. After we discovered , quickly hid in the dark place at the bottom of the cave, the spies didn’t find us. We waited inside until the next morning before leaving..."

Before dawn on the 28th, the Zhazidong was like a coffin reduced to ashes. The smell of burnt corpses mixed with the smell of alcohol and gasoline, the smell was extremely unpleasant, and thick smoke rose into the sky. , covering the eastern sun, only a flock of crows humming in a low voice... That night, in Zhazidong alone, the reactionaries massacred 180 Communist Party members, revolutionaries and other people.they are: Zhang Peiyi, Wang Jinyi, Gu Chengshuo, Cheng Fangyao, Li Ze, Yi Zhongkang, Zhang Xianhua, Diao Xiaping, Hu Qien, Li Gongshun, Chen Shibo, Huang Weixian, Guo Junduo, Hu Jianfeng, Hu Xiaoxian, Wang Shulin, Zheng Jixian, Liao Ruiqing, Fu Lizhi, Li Youlong, Wu Shiying, Deng Jiyu, Cai Mengwei, Xue Chuandao, Mao Xilin, Yang Xiang, Zhao Jialin, Zheng Jisong, Shao Wenzheng, Shi Deduan, Huang Ningkang, Liao Molie, Wu Zhengjun, Wen Wenhai, Chen Shaobai, Chen Bangwen, Zhang Langsheng, Chen Yi, Pan Zhongxuan, Tang Yukun, Guo Zhongxue, Gou Yuebin, Cheng Qianmou, He Maojin, Gao Tianzhu, Liu Dujun, Wu Quanquan, Chen Yaoneng, Deng Cheng, Tang Zhengjiu, Hao Yueqing, Jiang Kaiping, Li Jianmin, Zhou Zhifan, Ding Pengwu, Qu Maoxiu, Zhang Xueyun, Liu Shizhu, He Boliang, Ai Wenxuan, Su Lisen, Zhou Houkai, Lu Bingliang, Yang Zilong, Jiang Qiping , Sheng Tengfang, Chen Danchi, Ran Siyuan, Chen Bolin, Zhou Xiantao, Yan Changhao, Duan Dingtao, Rong Shizheng, Liao Zhongliang, Bai Shenfu, Cao Wenhan, Liu Zuchun, Li Zhongxian, Liu Zhenmei, Shen Junshi, Tang Maochuan, Chen Zijin, Yu Zusheng, Zhang Yongchang, Liu Dehui, Zhang Mengjin, Tu Xinyuan, Han Bingyang, Ma Zhengheng, Wang Jun, Wang Ping, Zhang Lixiu, Zhang Deming, Zhang Pengcheng, Tang Wenyuan, Zhang Shouzheng, He Jingping, Feng Weiguang, Wang Ximin, Chen Benli, Wang Dewei, Pu Xiaolu, Xiang Chengyi, Shi Yunwen, Zhang Wen Jiang, Zhang Mingxin, Liu Wenwei, Tang Jianyu, Zhang Guangwei, Gao Jingyi, Li Chenglin, Zhou Hongjun, Chen Dinghua, Li Minghui, Huang Shaohui, Xun Mingshan, Lai Decheng, Li Mingshan, Xia Huilu, Pan Hongzhi, Tang Mutao, Hu Zuolin, Chen Zuoyi, Shen Diqun, Han Zizhong, Shao Quanan, Yang Huayou, Yang Quanxin . , Yang Guangpei, Yuan Delang, Nie Bin, Ye Zhengbang, Li Huiming (female), Huang Yuqing (female), Ma Xiuying (female), Peng Canbi (female), Rong Zengming (female), Zuo Shaoying (female), Hu Qifen (female) ), Zhang Jingfang (female), Chen Jixian (female), Zhu Shijun (female), Luo Juanhua (female), Deng Huizhong (female), Hu Fangyu (female)...

And unidentified personnel Zhang Ze'an, Chen Shilin, Deng Hualang, Zhang Jian, Li Jun, Zhao Jinsheng, Yang Xufan, Hu Zihan, Zhou Baizhi, Liu Gan and traitors Chen Yongfu and Ren Dayai. In the morning of the same day, Xu Yuanju ordered Zhong Zhuren, the deputy head of the Southwest Special Zone of the Secrecy Bureau, to execute the five people in the second detention center immediately, and said: "The corpses must be disposed of properly, and the Communist Party is not allowed to take pictures for publicity." In the last file, after Xu Yuanju circled the names of Li Zonghuang, Gao Lisheng, Sima Delin, Ou Zhiguang, and Zhu Rongyue, Zhong Zhuren turned around and ordered the operative Xiao Guangjiong and others on standby to execute.Xiao Guangjiong and others opened the back door and shot Li Zonghuang and five others to death in an air-raid shelter 50 meters away from the detention center.Ten people, including Dong Wumin, Tao Yichang, Yang Liangxi, Jia Ziqian, and Yong Guodu, who were locked in the same cell, took the opportunity to escape through the window.

Also at 3:00 pm on the 28th, after Zhou Yanghao received his superior Yang Sen's approval of the murder detained in the "New World" Hotel, he ordered Xu Shanmou: "The execution will be completed on the same day."Xu Shanmou handed over the approval document and the list to Liao Xiong, the action team leader of the security department for execution.Liao Xiong was originally the captain of the Fifth Squadron of the First Brigade of the Traffic Police. He only joined the security department as an action team leader in November. Government personnel fled for their lives one after another, and the operation team was short of manpower, so they asked Deng Peixin, a veteran of the Anti-Japanese War and former chief of the second criminal police unit of the police station, for assistance.Deng is the commissioner of the security department who just took office in the morning.

At around 4:00 p.m., Liao Xiong and Deng Peixin summoned Jingang, the secretary of the action group, Ma Xiangshi, the former deputy of the No. 1 Brigade and No. 10 Squadron of the traffic police, and Ma Xiangshi, who was introduced by Liao Xiong as an operator in November 1949, and Li Jiahua, an attendant from the Nan'an Inspection Office, who was temporarily brought in. The attendant of the Chaotianmen Inspection Office of the Audit Department, Mr. Kuo Awesome, and the inspectors Mai Yuping and Wang Yan had a meeting.In addition, Zhou Yanghao also transferred Wang Yuecai, the deputy captain of the No. 7 Squadron of the Traffic Police Headquarters, from the "country side" to serve as the deputy leader of the operation team, and Yang Jinxing was also added.They met in the warehouse of the detention center on the ground floor of "New World" to discuss the location of the massacre.Due to time constraints, there were many opinions at the meeting. Some proposed to execute them in the "New World" air-raid shelter, but they were afraid that the gunfire would disturb the military and police, and mistakenly believed that the Communist army had entered the urban area; But this is tantamount to killing people openly; some suggested taking them to the air-raid shelters around Hualong Bridge and Xiaolongkan for interdiction, but they were also afraid of causing misunderstandings.In the end, Zhou Yanghao, Deng Peixin, and Liao Xiong agreed to execute it near the Bai mansion early on the morning of the 29th, and Deng Peixin was responsible for organizing the escort.After the meeting, Zhou Yanghao immediately informed the left-behind personnel in the "country" to be responsible for digging a hole in the execution ground.

November 29, 1949 Early in the morning, Huang Guangshu and other seven members of the No. 7 Squadron of the Traffic Police Brigade rushed to the "New World" Prison under the orders of Squadron Leader Chen Guoqing and Deputy Squadron Leader Wang Yuecai.Liao Xiong sent Wang Yuecai, Yang Jinxing, Li Jiahua, Ma Xiangxiang, and Huang Guangshu to the scene of the massacre to make arrangements; Liao and the head of the detention center, Wang Rubi, called the names and ordered the spies to tie up the 32 "political prisoners" one by one, and put them in a car that was snatched from the street. bus.

"What do you want to do?" At this time, the "political prisoners" questioned the secret agent in doubt as they got into the car. "Send you to the court to solve the problem." The secret agent had no choice but to lie. "Let's go! Let's go!" Liao Xiong nervously ordered the car to drive to the execution ground immediately.Afterwards, the bus was escorted by reactionary traffic policemen and special agents Rao Zhenbang and Mai Yuping to leave the "New World" Prison. The car enters the Daying Gate, passes through the Bai Mansion, and goes straight to the right hillside leading to Songlinpo.

"Get out of the car! Get out of the car!" The massacre began. The first group of four people and the second group of more than a dozen people had just been escorted to the pit that the enemy had dug in advance. Before they had time to stop, the evil bullets Then they shot from different directions... The third group of more than a dozen people heard the gunshots and saw their comrades fall down one after another. Knowing that the enemy had killed them, they immediately shouted slogans: "Long live the Communist Party of China!" "Long live Comrade Mao Zedong! "They faced the enemy and rushed forward angrily, but were violently strafed by the enemy's relentless bullets...

"Damn it, your death is not far away!" "The reactionaries will die—!" "Long live the Communist Party of China—!" Along with the roaring pines and the biting mountain wind, the mournful roar made the hands of those usually domineering and ruthless spies tremble... Zhong Qi, who is only 27 years old, is the interview director of "Peace Daily". In October 1949, when he was taking the radio station to Qiandongnan to participate in the armed uprising, unfortunately he was arrested on the evening of the 11th.More than an hour ago, when he left the "New World Prison", he hastily wrote a last letter to his wife: "My dear: don't cry, tears can't wash away your misfortune, raise our child well so that he is better than me. More useful. Remember, remember! I still love you in the end. There is another case, you must marry again. Blessings, my beloved wife!" At this moment, he fell on his back after being shot, his pair The eyes of peace stared at the sky. Huang Xiya, a 21-year-old young woman, is a beautiful and enthusiastic girl. She has successively worked in the "Southwest Wind Evening News" and the Nursery School, and has been engaged in the work of instigating rebellion against the Kuomintang troops under the leadership of the underground party. , was arrested on September 13, 1949.In a poem "A Smile" she gave to her classmates before her arrest, she expressed her life aspirations in this way: "...with your own fire, to ignite the fire of others. With the ax of your pen, to cut down human beings. Pain: Harvest the happiness of mankind with the sickle of your poetry. Remember it, poet! In the trumpet of triumph, we will exchange a smile..." Now, she fulfilled her promise at the gunpoint of the enemy At the last moment of life when the blood soaked her clothes, the girl's face was still full of triumphant smiles. Shan Benshan, who was lying in a pool of blood, pointed at the spy and glared, "Someone will avenge us!" Ai Zhonglun, general manager of the New World Hotel, was arrested on October 12 for participating in revolutionary activities.In the basement on the ground floor of the New World Hotel, which was used as a temporary detention center, more than 100 "political prisoners" were detained at that time.The Kuomintang reactionaries were so busy fleeing that these detainees could not even eat once a day. Finally, the secret agents of the guards had to let Ai Zhonglun, who had been the general manager of the restaurant, go out to find food.Under the custody of the secret agents, he went to the streets every day to find people to borrow money based on his connections, and to find food for "political prisoners" on credit, such as rice, oil, salt, and coal.Seeing that there was only one spy guarding him, his wife and cousin persuaded him to take the opportunity to escape, but Ai Zhonglun said: "I will not run away. There are still more than 100 people detained in the 'New World', waiting for me to borrow money to buy rice." Go back and cook. I ran away, what should they do?" He had the opportunity to run out, but he gave up the possibility of life for the safety of more comrades.Now, he also fell under the enemy's gun... "Da da, da da..." In the distance, there were sudden bursts of intensive gunshots. "The communist army is about to enter the city! Run away—" the secret agents were in a panic, and they fled in a hurry before they could even bury the bodies of the 32 "political prisoners" they had just shot... At this moment, the Chiang Kai-shek National Government in Chongqing announced that it would move to Chengdu from now on. At noon, Chiang Kai-shek held his last meeting in Chongqing in the Cave Forest Garden, arranging for a comprehensive retreat and major destruction of Chongqing. At 10 o'clock in the evening, gunfire erupted behind Chiang Kai-shek's residence. "Father, it's too dangerous if you don't leave!" Chiang Ching-kuo broke out in a cold sweat and urged his father Chiang Kai-shek to "leave this dangerous area early." Impassable, chaotic and noisy, unprecedented."Chiang Kai-shek had to get out of the car and walk, "arriving at the airport at midnight."That night, "President Jiang" slept in the "China-US" special plane, and it is said that he did not sleep all night. November 30 At dawn, the "Zhongmei" took off with Chiang Kai-shek and his party, and flew away from Chongqing with despair and reluctance, heading for Chengdu.Looking down from the plane, Chiang Kai-shek saw no crowds seeing him off at the airport, only a chaotic scene and defeated soldiers scurrying around like headless flies. "Mother Xipi!" Chiang Kai-shek cursed angrily, even he didn't know who he was cursing. On the same day, the commanders and fighters of the 47th Army and the 11th Army of the People's Liberation Army entered the urban area of ​​Chongqing respectively.At noon, the Party Branch of the Chongqing Telecommunications System under the leadership of the Chongqing Underground Party drafted and, in the name of all employees, sent the first telegram of the day to Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu in Beijing, and reported to the Party Central Committee the progress of the liberation of Chongqing. good news. In the afternoon, representatives of the underground party in eastern Sichuan and representatives of Chongqing's industrial and commercial circles crossed the river to Haitangxi to welcome the People's Liberation Army into the city.In the evening, the People's Liberation Army entered the urban area from Nanjimen, Chuqimen, Chaotianmen and other places, and was warmly welcomed by the people of Chongqing.At this point, Chongqing was declared liberated. December 1, 1949, Beijing.Xinhua News Agency released an important message: Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, 1st On the eve of the liberation of Chongqing, the bandits of the Kuomintang fled for their lives in a panic.The bandit leader Chiang Kai-shek fled to Chengdu in a panic on the morning of the 30th. Yan Xishan and Zhang Qun had fled Chengdu as early as the 28th.Most of the other bandit leaders fled to Rong, and a small part fled to Taiwan.Although Chennault's "Democratic Air Force" used all its planes to travel between Chongqing and Rong all day and all night, the senior bandit officers who fled for their lives for fear of falling behind staged a tense battle at the airport.Reuters reported on the 29th the situation when the last plane escaped from Jiulongpo Airport: about 30 passengers discarded their luggage and rushed to board the plane, but another 27 passengers did not squeeze into the plane.On land, the Chengdu-Chongqing Highway is crowded with traffic, and there are hundreds of vehicles waiting to cross the ferry near the Neijiang River.At the same time as the bandit officers fled, the remnants of the bandit army also rushed for their lives. According to the Associated Press, most of the fleeing bandit troops were wearing straw sandals or barefoot, and 30% were still wearing summer military uniforms... So far, the "11.27" massacre in the story about Chongqing's "Hongyan" has come to an end. What needs to be clarified is that the "11.27" massacre in Chongqing in a broad sense does not only refer to the massacres that occurred on or around November 27, 1949, but includes the well-known massacres that have been documented and verified through investigation. Those with surnames were those who were killed by Kuomintang agents in Chongqing area and Xifeng Concentration Camp in Guizhou from the late period of the Anti-Japanese War to November 1949. The number of victims in the "11.27" massacre already includes those who were approved and officially announced as martyrs by the people's governments at all levels after liberation, and also include a small number of people who cannot be identified due to various reasons.After verification and statistics, there are currently 321 recorded victims, of which 285 were identified as martyrs, plus 5 children who died with their parents, a total of 290 people, among whom were identified as revolutionary martyrs There are 285 people among them, and there are 31 people who have not been identified (including traitors). The "11.27" massacre was an extremely dark scene in modern Chinese history, and it was a naked manifestation of the brutal nature of the Kuomintang reactionaries.And why the CCP’s underground party organization in Chongqing under terror encountered such a large loss and caused so many sacrifices of communists and revolutionaries is a heavy lesson worth pondering and absorbing. That's why we chose the title "Loyalty and Betrayal".