Chapter 9 Chapter 8 will attack Shanghai

When the Second and Third Field Armies successfully crossed the Yangtze River, chased and annihilated the fleeing enemy, and controlled the Hangzhou-Dongxiang section of the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway to cut off the connection between the Tang Enbo and Bai Chongxi groups, the Kuomintang army hastily withdrew its troops, trying to make a desperate struggle.Under the personal supervision of Chiang Kai-shek, the Tang Enbo Group, which was huddled in the Shanghai area, attempted to rely on 8 armies and 25 divisions with a total of more than 200,000 troops, relying on more than 4,000 permanent fortifications tens of miles deep as the backbone of the defensive position. They resisted stubbornly in order to gain time, rushed to transport supplies, and conspired to wreak havoc in Shanghai, provoke international incidents, and prompt imperialist armed intervention.

In order to smash the Tang Enbo Group's attempt, the Central Military Commission and the General Front Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the Third Field Army would use its main force to encircle and annihilate the enemies in the Songhu area and capture Shanghai; another part of the army would continue to march to the southeast of Zhejiang to liberate the entire province of Zhejiang.The main force of the Second Field Army rested at the Jinhua and Dongxiang sections of the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway, serving as a strategic reserve team to prepare for possible armed intervention by U.S. imperialism and ensure that the Third Field Army encircled and wiped out the enemies in Shanghai; The Corps fought across the river, and cooperated with the Corps to attack the Nanxun line, and took the opportunity to occupy Nanchang.

In the spring of 1949, Greater Shanghai, known as "Oriental Paris", lost its former prosperous charm.The news of the continuous defeat on the front line shocked the military and political officials of the Kuomintang, wealthy merchants in Shanghai, and all kinds of people, big and small, in panic all day long. The deer villages and sandbags all over the streets, various street fortifications and more than 200,000 Kuomintang troops gathered in the suburbs of Shanghai clearly told people that there would be an inevitable war in Shanghai.The fear of war and the rampant Kuomintang army, police, and government, like a plague that overwhelmed the sky, set off waves of chaos and routs in Shanghai.Airports and ports are crowded with people every day, and air tickets and boat tickets are already out of stock.Those who are capable run around with gold bars in their arms, in order to get an air ticket or boat ticket to leave early.At this time, Shanghainese were already familiar with war, and even more familiar with fleeing.

Shanghai is such a magical place.It was the largest commercial port and the largest city in Asia at that time, but it was also frequented by wars. During the "January 28" Battle of Songhu in 1932, a fierce war broke out here. On July 7, 1937, the National Anti-Japanese War broke out, and more than a month later, the "August 13" Songhu Battle turned the place upside down. On August 15, 1945, the Emperor of Japan announced the unconditional surrender.All of a sudden, on both sides of the Pujiang River, firecrackers blared, gongs and drums blared, and citizens sang and danced all night long.They hope that China will embark on the road of peace, democracy, independence and prosperity.From then on, I can recuperate and live and work in peace and contentment.However, the hope soon came to naught, and what awaited them was the Kuomintang's political dictatorship, economic plunder and the civil war provoked by the Kuomintang.

As soon as the gunshots of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War stopped and the smoke of gunpowder had not cleared, the Kuomintang couldn't wait to snatch the fruits of victory.In order to prevent the Japanese army from disarming and surrendering to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, and to guarantee his "acceptance", Chiang Kai-shek did not hesitate to appoint the traitor and pseudo-Shanghai Mayor Zhou Fohai as the commander-in-chief of the Military Commission's Shanghai Action Corps, colluding with the Japanese army to prevent the New Fourth Army from entering Shanghai; The troops were transported by air, and they jointly attacked the liberated areas with the Japanese and puppet troops.

At that time, hundreds of warehouses in Shanghai were filled with countless strategic materials looted by the Japanese army, plus the Japanese and counterfeit industries, with a total value of more than 1 trillion yuan.In the blink of an eye, scenes of "hungry eagles flying all over the sky and hungry tigers rolling everywhere" appeared in Shanghai.The former refers to the recipients who flew from behind, while the latter refers to the so-called "anti-Japanese heroes" and "underground workers" who were originally in Shanghai. The first to step onto the stage of "robbing and harvesting" are these party sticks, spies, hooligans and "underground workers" who are transformed from traitors who are familiar with Shanghai.They choose fat and devour it, and everyone explodes.

In the second round, the Kuomintang military system that has mastered modern means of transportation, such as the Songhu Garrison Command and the Navy Department, etc., hastily ended the surrender ceremony with the unique "capability" of soldiers, and then quickly filled their seats. fanny pack. The third round is to accept the senior members appointed by the Kuomintang government.Holding the sword above, they are not far behind, and go all out to participate in robbery, embezzlement, blackmail, and even fight against the former two for unequal distribution of spoils. The main targets of the hijackers are: first, the property of the Japanese counterfeiters, second, citizens' houses, cars and property, and third, national industry and commerce.The main ones are real estate and gold.The 500,000 taels of reserve fund of the Wang Puppet Central Reserve Bank was robbed by Tang Enbo, commander of the Kuomintang Third Front Army.As large as factories and hospitals, as small as houses and cultural relics, they fell into private pockets after passing through his hands.Mayor Qian Dajun was called "Qian Dayu" by the Shanghai people because of his enthusiasm for "robbery".

Those in power also took advantage of the price difference between the gold and black markets in Shanghai and Chongqing to airlift the countless gold and silver treasures they robbed to Chongqing every day, and resold them to make a fortune.Later, when prices in Shanghai rose and the black market price was higher than that in Chongqing, they were airlifted back to Shanghai to speculate again.The big men are like this, but the small officials are acting like this, taking advantage of their positions, fishing in troubled waters, stealing from guards, crossing the sea, and stealing.During the day, the warehouses are lifeless, but at night they are brightly lit, and whole batches and boxes are smuggled and bought.Such actions made everyone know that the KMT "all officials are corrupt, and all officials are corrupt."

Certain large bureaucratic capital groups in the Kuomintang, seeing Shanghai's fat meat being divided up, were all envious and anxious, and soon squeezed into Shanghai as a financial and financial industry receiver, and savagely devoured financial and industrial institutions.Their eyes are mainly aimed at enterprises, and the Chinese enterprises occupied by Teri pseudo-forced leases are swallowed up, and then the price is set, and the property rights are won by themselves.Bureaucratic capital robbed more than 470 enterprises in Shanghai at once, accounting for 80% of the total number of bureaucratic capital enterprises in the country; for national industries and businesses, they forced them to give up their equity, and controlled management power by means of capital increase and loans.

All these "robbery harvesters" came empty-handed and left with a full load.The people of Shanghai say that they all "sanyangkaitai" (hold the Western, love the Eastern, and want to be modern), and all of them are "five sons" (tiaozi, house, car, woman, seat). In addition to economic looting and plundering, the Kuomintang authorities also shielded traitors politically, discriminated against the people in the recovered areas, and strengthened the dictatorship.They used the Japanese puppets to "maintain law and order" and recruited a large number of puppet troops to fight the civil war; for general traitors, military reunification spies and judicial authorities, they publicly set prices and got money to buy them.The people in Shanghai ridiculed it as "there is a bar (gold bar) that is justified, but the law (legal currency) is not the sky."The authorities discriminated in every possible way against the people in the recovered areas, dismissing workers, students, and staff as fake workers, fake students, and fake employees."Scrutiny" is carried out on young students, denial of student status, and a year of ideological training is required, otherwise they will be deprived of the right to continue their studies.The Kuomintang authorities ignored the workers and factory owners who had made great contributions to the War of Resistance and returned to Shanghai, and used high pressure to suppress the unemployed workers who demanded work.

When the Anti-Japanese War was won, the people of Shanghai once cheered "it's dawn".However, what they see is that the dictatorship is getting worse, civil wars are everywhere;The people of Shanghai sighed: "When it comes from the sky, if it comes from the earth, the common people will not survive; hope for the central government, hope for the central government, and it will be even worse when the central government comes." Right now, Chiang Kai-shek and Tang Enbo have put more than 200,000 Kuomintang troops on the beach, posing a big fight. As early as when the Liaoshen Campaign was launched, Chiang Kai-shek began to prepare for the retreat.After he sent Chen Cheng to Taiwan, he began to plan and implement the transportation of the mainland's wealth and important strategic materials to Taiwan. Shanghai has been the political and economic center of the Kuomintang for many years, and most of the wealth that the four major families plundered from the people of the country was concentrated here. Especially after the currency system reform in 1948, the gold, silver and dollar bills hidden by the people were almost wiped out, and all of them were stored in the treasury of Shanghai.Chiang Kai-shek would never be willing to leave such a large amount of gold, silver and materials to his mortal enemy, the Communist Party, but it takes time to transport such a large amount of gold, silver and materials. What Chiang Kai-shek needs most at this time is time. If he stays in Shanghai for a day, he can Move more supplies. In December 1948, voices within the Kuomintang calling for Chiang Kai-shek to step down became louder and louder.He summoned his fellow countryman - the famous geologist Weng Wenhao.This public once served as the executive president of the national government, and later became the chairman of the resources committee. Chiang Kai-shek told Weng Wenhao that he planned to transport the personnel and equipment of the five large factories in Nanjing to Taiwan. Weng conveyed Jiang's words to Sun Yueqi, the chairman of the Resources Committee, but he did not expect to be opposed by him.Sun made an excuse: "Funds are scarce, and there is no way to dismantle and relocate them. If these five factories are to be moved, at least 10 billion yuan in transportation fees will be needed." Sun Yueqi thought that raising this figure would make Chiang Kai-shek quit. Chiang Kai-shek replied: "There is no money to talk about, and 13 billion yuan will be allocated to him." That's 3 billion yuan more.Sun's mouth was blocked. Why did Chiang Kai-shek pay so much attention to removing the large factories under the jurisdiction of the Resources Committee? It turns out that the Resource Committee has been managing "state-owned enterprises" such as coal, petroleum, non-ferrous metals, machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, electric power, cement, sugar, and papermaking across the country, with more than 30,000 employees and more than 700,000 technicians and workers. people.Among them, foreign students and engineering technicians graduated from domestic universities account for 40%, which can be said to be the essence of the national engineering industry.Therefore, the Resource Committee became Chiang Kai-shek's "lifeblood". He did not hesitate to spend a lot of money to move the factory, first for equipment and second for talents. He must not leave these to the Communist Party. He selected the first batch of five major factories to move: Nanjing Dianzhao Factory, Wired Power Plant, Radio Factory, High Voltage Electric Porcelain Factory, and Maanshan Iron and Steel Factory. On January 10, 1949, the day the CCP won the Huaihai Battle, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Chiang Ching-kuo to take a letter to Yu Hongjun, the president of the Central Bank in Shanghai, and asked him to ship all the gold, silver, and dollar bills in his inventory to Taiwan. On January 16, Chiang Kai-shek personally summoned Yu Hongjun and Xi Demao, and ordered the central government and the two banks of China to break up all foreign exchange and deposit it in private accounts to prevent the Communist Party from accepting it. From then on, whenever night fell, mysterious warships often moored on the Huangpu River not far in front of the Central Bank of the Kuomintang government.The nearby river and shore are strictly controlled, and no ships or individuals are allowed to approach.The strong military special agents disguised themselves as "coolies" and struggled to lift the heavy wooden box onto the warship. This is the scene of Chiang Kai-shek smuggling gold and silver from the treasury. According to the secret meeting report of the Finance Committee of the Kuomintang Supervisory Council and the statistics in "Li Zongren's Memoirs", before going to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek smuggled 3.9 million ounces of gold, 70 million U.S. dollars in foreign exchange and 70 million U.S. dollars worth of silver dollars from the treasury. More than $500 million. Four months before the liberation of Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek's smuggling work reached its climax.At this time, Chiang Kai-shek's smuggling was no longer limited to gold, silver, and dollar bills, but expanded to include machinery and equipment, vehicles, paper, cotton yarn, cloth, and even chemical raw materials and medicines.In short, he wanted to move everything that was useful.During this period, he rushed to transport 1,500 ships of supplies from Shanghai, not counting the planes. Until May 22, the Third Field Army of the People's Liberation Army had reached the suburbs and approached the urban area. Chiang Kai-shek still sent a telegram to his son Jiang Jingguo who stayed on Magong Island to fly back to Shanghai and rush to transport a batch of supplies.However, when Chiang Ching-kuo flew over Shanghai, the Jiangwan Airport was already filled with smoke and dust after the explosion of PLA shells, and the plane could not land.Jiang Jingguo had no choice but to return angrily, and called his father: "Shanghai has fallen into the hands of the Communist army, and it is impossible to rush to transport supplies." Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to hold back. Chiang Ching-kuo also disclosed in the book "My Father": At the end of 1948, when the Kuomintang army was about to retreat from Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek sent Chiang Ching-kuo and several others to Shanghai, asking them to try to transport all the gold in the Shanghai Central Bank's inventory to Taiwan. go.Before leaving, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly asked Chiang Ching-kuo: "Be sure to keep it secret, and don't leak any information." Because Chiang Kai-shek had already expected that Li Zongren would definitely use the treasury gold as one of the conditions for the peace talks. Jiang was actually afraid that Li Zongren would prevent them from transporting the gold. Jiang Jingguo and others secretly sneaked into Shanghai and transported this batch of gold to Taiwan without anyone knowing it.Chiang Ching-kuo later commented: "In the early days of the government's relocation to Taiwan, without this batch of gold to make up for it, the financial and economic situation would have been unimaginable. How could there be such a stable situation? There is an old saying that there is no food and no troops. , the army has developed a problem, how serious should it be?" How much gold, silver dollars, and U.S. dollars did Chiang Kai-shek steal?After Chiang Kai-shek left the field, he wrote a warrant in his own hand, and Chiang Ching-kuo handed it over to Lieutenant General Wu Songqing, Director of Finance of the Joint Logistics Headquarters, ordering the Central Bank to withdraw all gold, silver dollars and foreign currencies. Wu Songqing, a native of Zhenhai, Zhejiang Province, is a fellow countryman of Chiang Kai-shek. He graduated from the University of Paris in France and knew foreign languages.Later, he was trained in the senior party and government training group, and participated in Chen Lifu's "Father of the Father's Industrial Plan Research Association". He had a close relationship with CC and gained Chiang Kai-shek's trust. Chiang Kai-shek ordered Wu Songqing: All hard currency should be controlled by Chiang himself, Wu is responsible to Chiang himself, and Chiang Kai-shek must have written instructions for expenditure, transportation, distribution and other matters. How much did Wu Songqing propose from the central bank?According to Zhan Tefang, Secretary of Lieutenant Colonel Wu Songqing: 1. Foreign currency: about 80 million US dollars (this number is said by Wu Songqing himself).Chiang Kai-shek and the people around him knew very well that after the Battle of Huaihai, although they also made some tricks to deceive themselves and others by sticking to the south of the Yangtze River, securing Shanghai, setting up a Nanchang camp, and operating the Southwest, in reality everyone understood that the mainland was no longer tenable. .Therefore, try to separate the Taiwan dollar from the gold-dollar bills. The Taiwan dollar is directly pegged to the U.S. dollar. There is a foreign exchange rate, and the gold-yuan bills cannot be circulated in Taiwan. In this way, the mainland and Taiwan will form two national banks, and the Chiang regime can issue gold-yuan bills without any scruples.Every time we retreat, the gold-dollar coupons in the hands of the people's government are just a piece of waste paper, which will not affect Taiwan's finances.Where does the Taiwan dollar reserve come from?Mainly the foreign currency withdrawn this time. 2. Gold: The central bank originally reported 900,000 taels. After this thorough check, the actual deposit is 920,000 taels, an excess of 20,000 taels.Most of them are gold nuggets, each ranging from more than 10 to 20 jins, with the words fineness and weight engraved on the surface of the nuggets. In addition, there are more than 4,200 taels of gold, which are said to be privately deposited by Chiang Kai-shek. For the convenience of recording, we set it up as a special account, called special gold deposits, and the gold objects are still mixed together.This was originally a matter of deception.Since Chiang Kai-shek gained the ruling power of the Kuomintang, he has already turned his family into a country and then turned the country into a family.If he steps down this time, he immediately withdraws all the gold, silver dollars and foreign currencies from the central bank. Which rule is this according to the bank's regulations?Aren't Chiang Kai-shek's many private grants that have been wholesaled in the past all spent in the gold and silver of the treasury (but the 4,200 taels have not been moved)? 3. Silver dollar: about 30 million yuan. The blood and sweat of the people mentioned above was all taken away by Wu Songqing in the name of military expenses. Among them, the gold and silver dollars were transported from Shanghai to Xiamen by a naval warship, stored in Xiamen for a short period of time, and then moved to Taiwan.At that time, the people in charge of this work included Dong Decheng, Deputy Director of the Revenue and Expenditure Department of the Finance Department, Li Guanglie from the General Affairs Division, etc., but they were temporarily transferred, and some people may not know the inside story. How did Chiang Kai-shek transport the gold away? American Sterling Seagrave wrote in "The Song Dynasty): "Chiang Kai-shek's plan to rob the Bank of China was carried out very carefully. A dirty cargo ship was moored on the Bund in Shanghai opposite the Cathay Pacific Hotel. The coolies on board, wearing tattered clothes, were actually first-rate naval soldiers. Disguised. Several directors of the Bank of China opened the vault because they had accepted heavy bribes and were allowed to escape to safety on this waiting cargo ship. KMT troops cordoned off several streets around the bank, including Nanjing A part of the road and the Bund. From time to time in the darkness, the sound of 'coolies' carrying heavy objects can be heard. Everyone is carrying two big bags on poles. Under the mercury lamp, they are like ghouls. Running back and forth between the bank and the cargo ship. A British journalist, George Fan, who was writing in his office, secretly watched the whole process and couldn't help being shocked. When he suddenly understood what was going on, he telegraphed back to London in weird philosophical sentences Head Office: 'All the gold in China is being transported away by coolies in the traditional way'." Sterling Seagrave's description has the reasonable imagination of a journalist.Facts, as described by Zhan Tefang, were transported to Taiwan by naval ships. Of course, since this matter was to be done behind Li Zongren's back, and it was a large amount of valuable hard currency, it was indispensable to send a large number of troops to guard against it. In just three months, batches of gold and silver in the central bank's treasury were finally safely shipped to Taiwan. The most important task at present is to quickly transport the large quantities of heavy industrial machinery, light industrial raw materials, cotton spinning, medicines, paper, chemicals and other materials left in Shanghai to Taiwan. This is what Chiang Kai-shek is most concerned about right now besides gold and silver. Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly said: "If you want to revive a regime, you can't do without economic strength. Soldiers will rebel if they don't have food and pay, and ordinary people will rebel if they don't have food and clothing. A country without economic strength will die." Chiang Kai-shek asked Shanghai Mayor Chen Liang: "The communist army is on the verge of gathering near Shanghai, and it is estimated that there will be a major military operation in less than half a month. Just like that, how much material is still waiting to be transported in Shanghai?" Chen Liang replied: "There are a lot of materials stored in Shanghai by the central agencies. I thought that the battle of Jiangfang would buy some time. Unexpectedly, it will be so soon... Now that the agencies are retreating, there is even a lack of transportation. Therefore, Without a month's time, it will be difficult to finish shipping this batch of materials." Chiang Kai-shek pondered for a while, and said, "Is there any statistics in the register here, let me take a look." Chen Liang immediately submitted a form and report: A - Types of transported materials: Taiwan's mountains where gold is stored 1. China Textile Company and the gauze that the company has delivered to the Ministry of National Defense but has not yet shipped out; 2. Enemy counterfeit jewelry of the CITIC Bureau and Japanese compensation copper coins deposited by the Central Bank with the Bureau; 3. Defu Pigments of the Central Bank Business Bureau; 4. Central Mint Copper Nuggets and Japanese Compensation Copper Dollars; 5. Communication equipment and railway equipment of the Ministry of Communications; 6. Chemical raw materials, metal equipment and mineral oil for the resource committee; 7. Copper ingots and other valuable materials from the Material Supply Bureau; 8. The gauze of the gauze joint venture of American aid flower; 9. 200 tons of sanitary medicines and jeeps; 10. More than 500 tons of international children's fund relief materials from the Ministry of Social Affairs, 160,000 pieces of cloth and 200 trucks; 11. Important materials of the Aftermath Care Custody Committee. B——About the transportation method: (slightly) Chiang Kai-shek pointed to the second clause of paragraph A, turned around and asked Chiang Ching-kuo who was on his side: "Has the box of jewelry from the Central Trust Bureau been settled?" Jiang Jingguo was a little bit embarrassed, he was not an eloquent person, especially after Jia Yibin's defection, he felt even more nervous and embarrassed when he saw his father.Seeing his father asking about the box of jewels, he didn't know how to speak for a while. On February 10, after a large amount of gold from the central bank was shipped away, Chiang Kai-shek remembered the traitor property confiscated during the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.He immediately sent Jiang Jingguo to Shanghai to pick up the box. However, Li Zongren was alarmed by the rush to transport the gold, and he ordered the Central Trust Bureau not to move the jewels.Jiang Jingguo went to Shanghai to negotiate several times, and the trust bureau simply sent the person in charge of the safe key to Hong Kong, making it impossible for Jiang Jingguo to take the box of jewels away. Seeing his father asking again, Jiang Jingguo said: "As far as I know, this box of jewelry has been used a lot, and it is worth two or three hundred thousand dollars at most. Why should we hurt others over this mere thing?" Chiang Kai-shek was furious: "What do you know? The ancients said that if there is no food, no army will gather! When you arrive in Taiwan, when the food and salary can't be paid, even one dollar is good." Nanjing was liberated on April 23, 1949, and the fall of the "national capital" was another heavy blow to Chiang Kai-shek! At noon on April 24, Chiang Kai-shek, who "dwelled" in Xikou, couldn't stay any longer.He said to his son Jiang Jingguo: "Get the boat ready, we are leaving tomorrow." Chiang Ching-kuo asked, "Where are we going?" Chiang Kai-shek was silent. Chiang Ching-kuo ordered the warship "Taikang" to prepare for sailing.That night, Lieutenant Colonel Li Yuxi, the captain of the "Taikang", asked Jiang Jingguo: "Do you know where the leader is going tomorrow?" Chiang Ching-kuo said: "I don't know either. But judging from the waterway this time, the destination is nothing more than two places, one is Keelung, Taiwan, and the other is Xiamen, Fujian." Li Yuxi echoed, "I think these are the two places." At noon on April 24, Jiang Jingguo sent his wife Jiang Fangliang and their children to Taiwan to avoid future worries. In the early morning of April 25, Jiang's father and son went to Ci'an's tomb to bid farewell to Jiang's mother.Then both of them walked up to the top of Phoenix Mountain and took a last look at their hometown.At this time, Chiang Kai-shek only felt that "the past is unbearable to look back", deeply felt that "the great rivers and mountains have little place to stand on", and "the sad feeling is beyond what pen and ink can describe in case".But at this time, Jiang's father and son still determined to "swear to return to their homeland".Of course, the two generations of his father and son failed to fulfill the oath. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, after Chiang Kai-shek bid farewell to the ancestral hall for the last time, he quietly left his hometown by car with his fellow villagers on his back.This hometown has a very strong concept, and every year he has to go back to his hometown in Xikou to live for a few days. Chiang Kai-shek, who visited his hometown or worshiped his ancestors, has never returned to his hometown to see it again. When the car arrived at Xiangshan Port, the warship "Taikang" had already parked there.After Chiang Kai-shek boarded the warship, he ordered the ship to sail to Shanghai.Only then did the companions understand the purpose of Chiang Kai-shek's trip - he wanted to personally command the Battle of Songhu and defend Greater Shanghai. On the way, Jiang Jingguo read to his father about the telegram (May 21, 1949) sent by Zhang Zhizhong, Shao Lizi, Zhang Shizhao and others to Li Zongren.When he thought that they had decided to suspend Peiping because of the CCP’s insistence on staying, Jiang snorted again: “Is it they themselves who want to stay? Why is the CCP insisting on staying?” Jiang Jingguo continued to read, and there was a sentence "Shanghai is lonely, how can it last for a long time?" Jiang said to himself: "Shanghai only needs to stay for half a month, and all the supplies can be rushed out." Praise for the CCP: "The colleagues have silently observed the reasons for the defeat of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party over the past years. The main reason is political rather than military. The Communist Party of China has accumulated more than 20 years of rich experience, and has learned the way of serving the people, and its strict criticism and self-criticism style, It also ensures that it is consistent from top to bottom, implements its policies and propositions, and thus wins the cooperation and support of the people. I have contacted with various parties, witnessed and heard, and know that the CCP is committed to maintaining national independence, respecting people's freedom of life, implementing its urban policies, and supporting national industry and commerce. , It is indeed a fact that is obvious to all, and it is also in line with the revolutionary ideal of the father of the founding father, and it is by no means what our party's past policies and styles can achieve." Hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek was furious: "Propaganda! Propaganda! It's purely propaganda for the CCP." Chiang Ching-kuo was so frightened that he didn't know what to do. When passing through Ningbo, Chiang Kai-shek ordered to stop for a while. He was thinking about his own house in Ningbo. But this time Chiang Kai-shek did not go ashore to patronize his residence. At this time, the forward of the People's Liberation Army had arrived in Ningbo. On the morning of April 26, Chiang Kai-shek's ship sailed into Wusongkou in Shanghai. The wide water surface gradually narrowed, and tall buildings and buildings in Shanghai could be faintly seen in the distance. Fuxing Island is located in the southeast corner of Shanghai. It is a peninsula surrounded by water on three sides and connected to downtown Shanghai on one side.Chiang Kai-shek's "Palace" is the only Western-style building on the island. It was originally built by the customs for the vacation and leisure of foreign seamen.The day before Chiang Kai-shek's arrival, martial law was declared on the island, and all the employees of the Fisheries Administration Bureau and Junpu Bureau who were originally located on the island were cleared out of the island before Chiang Kai-shek's arrival. On the day Chiang Kai-shek arrived at Fuxing Island, he met respectively with Minister of National Defense Xu Yongchang, Chief of Staff Gu Zhutong, Commander of the Air Force Zhou Zhirou, Commander of the Navy Gui Yongqing, Commander-in-Chief of the Joint Logistics Guo Chan, and the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Police Force who had retreated to Shanghai from Nanjing. Commander-in-Chief Tang Enbo, Director of the Secrecy Bureau Mao Renfeng, Songhu Garrison Commander Chen Daqing, Shanghai Defense Commander Shi Dang, Gu Zhenggang, Chen Liang, etc. Chiang Kai-shek looked stern: "Our army's Jiangfang defense line collapsed so quickly. As a leader, I have to feel ashamed! The reason why I prepared for the defense of Beijing and Shanghai before the end of the Xubeng battle was actually preparing to fight to the death with the Communist army here. The capital and the people live and die together, so as to remember the prime minister's legacy of "I die and the country lives"... Some people worry that the capital will fall and Shanghai will be at stake. As a leader, why should I come to Shanghai?" Chiang Kai-shek came to Shanghai at a critical moment, not for anything else, but to urge his subordinates: "From now on, all actions of the party, government and army will focus on defending Greater Shanghai." The People's Liberation Army flew over the Yangtze River, and Tang Enbo's Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Security Command could not stay in Nanjing any longer. On April 25, he traveled to Hangzhou and fled to Shanghai with them. The Yangtze River defense line collapsed in a blink of an eye, which made him extremely embarrassed. What's worse, the Jiangyin fortress surrendered without a fight, which cut off the rear road, and the more than 100,000 Kuomintang troops on the left and right sides of Nanjing were unable to retreat to Shanghai.As the commander-in-chief of the army, this incompetence can even be said to be dereliction of duty, which really made him feel like a catastrophe was imminent. As soon as Tang Enbo landed in Shanghai, the news came that Chiang Kai-shek was going to Shanghai to supervise the battle. He really didn't know how to explain to Chiang Kai-shek. You must know that Tang Enbo was completely picked up by the "old man"! In the officialdom of the Kuomintang, Tang Enbo was famous for being responsible only to Chiang Kai-shek, daring to stand up to his superiors and to suppress his subordinates.He was one of the few who remained loyal to the Chiang family before the Chiang dynasty collapsed on the mainland. In 1924, Chiang Kai-shek became the supreme commander of the Pacific China Theater Not long after arriving in Shanghai, he summoned Tang Enbo and asked Tang Enbo directly: "Is there any difficulty in staying in Shanghai for a month?" Tang Enbo: "According to the latest intelligence analysis, the communist army may launch a peripheral offensive in early May. Judging from the current defense situation, the pressure will be very high in one month." Chiang Kai-shek's complexion changed suddenly: "Isn't the fortification you spent so much money impregnable? One month, I only want you to guard it for one month!" Tang Enbo: "Judging from the situation in Jiangfang not long ago, any situation can happen. If the Jiangyin Fortress incident happens again..." Chiang Kai-shek's face was gloomy, and he shouted loudly: "They are all idiots! Idiots!" Chiang Kai-shek lost his temper, thinking of the upcoming battle in Shanghai, what other good ways can he have?He took a deep breath, and immediately put on a forgiving look, and said to Tang Enbo: "You go back, pay close attention to Shanghai's defense preparations, and have the determination to fight the Communist Party. I still trust you." Going back from Chiang Kai-shek, Tang Enbo's beating heart calmed down a bit, and he temporarily dispelled his anxiety, so he had to cheer up and continue to work on his decisive battle in Songhu. After Chiang Kai-shek scolded Tang Enbo, he couldn't wait to ask: "How is Shanghai's defense prepared?" Tang Enbo replied carefully: "According to the president's operational policy of focusing on Songhu, persistent defense, and finally sticking to Songhu, echoing Taiwan, we have initially drawn up a detailed Shanghai defense plan. Please read it." Chiang Kai-shek took over the plan and saw that it read: "Judgement of the main attack direction of the Communist Army's attack on Songhu: The Communist Army must have come along the Beijing-Shanghai Railway, and the focus of the attack is on the Wusong area. 1. From northwestern Shanghai to Dachang, attack the urban area; 2. From the south of Shanghai to the north, directly enter Gaoqiao, and then cross the Huangpu River westward, capture Wusong, cut off the sea retreat, and then attack the urban area; 3. Take Wusong along the Yangtze River to control the fortress, and then attack the urban area from north to southwest. "Guidelines for defending Songhu: stick to and ensure Yuepu, Liuxing, International Radio Station, Dachang, Zhenru, Beixinjing, Hongqiao, Meijialong, and Longhua, so as to consolidate the urban area, protect the safety of Wusong, and make Longhua and Jiangwan airports mobile Flexible control. For this purpose, three north-south vertical lines of defense are established: Shizilin, Yanglin, Dachang, Zhenru, and Huajing are the first line of defense; Wusong, Zhoujiaqiao, Caohejing, and Jishan Company are the second line of defense; Huajing Station, Xiyuejiabang, Miaohang, Jiangwan, Guojia Road, Xiangjia Bridge, and Qiujiangkou are the third line of defense, which is the core line of defense. "Guidelines for defending Songhu: Relying on strong fortifications and favorable terrain, adopt land, sea and air joint operations to implement solid defense. Use bunker group fortifications to form resistance centers step by step by regiment, battalion, and company, implement step-by-step resistance, combine superior firepower, consume The enemy's attack force, and then the camera uses a powerful control corps to carry out local attacks to destroy the enemy's offensive. In order to ensure the safety of Wusong, marine transportation and rear roads, a powerful corps is deployed in the northwest of Shanghai, and the fortifications in this area are strengthened Fire support with the navy and fortress artillery. Pudong, when necessary, implement flooding and save troops to strengthen the battle in the Puxi area. Finally, if the battle is defeated and it is necessary, retreat to the core stronghold in the urban area and continue to resist, waiting for the opportunity. "Overview of the formation of the position: the entire defensive position is composed of three parts: the main position, the peripheral position and the core position in the urban area. The main position - Puxi, starts from Shizilin in the north and passes through Luodian, Luoyang Bridge, Beixinjing, Hongqiao, Longhua Town to the Huangpu River; Pudong, from Gaoqiao in the north, to the south through Gaoxing, Qingning Temple, Yangjing Town, Tangqiao Town, Yangsi Town to the Huangpu River. The front of the main front is generally 3 To 6 kilometers, the depth is densely covered with son-mother fort groups, each fort has at least half a squad or one squad, some are permanent, some are semi-permanent, and there are open and hidden ditches between the main bunker groups. It is better To make full use of the firepower of the movable mother-child fort group, most of the bunkers’ perforations are parallel to the ground, and camouflage such as turf and crops are laid on the bunkers. The purpose is to make the Communist army troops approach the front and find the fortifications but cannot retreat, making it the so-called sea of ​​people tactics The greatest damage was suffered within the range of hundreds of meters. In the other mother castle, there were hidden multi-layer fire perforations, condescending to ensure that the firepower of each sub-fort could be effectively controlled within a range of hundreds of meters. Both the mother castle and the sub-forts were equipped with Perforations were fired from all sides, so that a small number of communist troops could still kill them from the rear when they broke through the firepower network and expanded forward; in addition, all important places and strong buildings such as stations, airports, schools, factories, etc. within the main position formed resistance strongholds. Peripheral positions - Liuhe, Jiading, Nanxiang, Huacao Town, Qibao Town, and Huajing Town on the Puxi side; Chuansha and Beicai Town lines on the Pudong side. The core position in the urban area - is a combination of tall and solid buildings The blockhouse fortifications in the street constitute the resistance strongholds respectively. Selected ones are: International Hotel, HSBC Bank, Customs House, Wing On Company, Daxin Company, Mebaike Road Catholic Church, Barker Apartment, Lyceum Grand Theatre, Petain Apartment, City Hall Building, Shiliupu German Warehouse, Paramount Ballroom, Queen's Theatre, Dahu Hotel, Hartong Apartment, Broadway in Hebei, Suzhou, North Station Building, National Defense Hospital, Former Garrison Command Building, Postal Workers' Apartments, Continental Bank, Sixing Warehouse, Tilanqiao Prison... The International Hotel and Broadway serve as the two command centers in the north and the north of the Suzhou River respectively. "Army deployment plan (tentative): Divide the entire Songhu area into three garrison areas: Shanghai Northwest (west of Huangpu River, north of Jinghu Road), Shanghai Southwest (west of Huangpu River, south of Jinghu Road) and Pudong. Each corps will serve as the garrison with one corps as the backbone, with northwest Shanghai as the key garrison area, and powerful troops to control the Dachang, Jiangwan, and Zhenru areas, and directly support the operations in the northwestern garrison area of ​​Shanghai. In addition, an urban garrison regiment will be added as necessary. Guard the core position." Although Tang Enbo racked his brains for "defending Shanghai", Chiang Kai-shek was still dissatisfied after seeing it: "Although Shanghai's terrain is easy to defend and difficult to attack, and the fortifications are well prepared, how was the terrain of Luoyang's Mangshan, Longmen, and Xigong back then?" It can be said that it is easy to defend and difficult to attack; Luoyang's fortifications can also be described as impenetrable. What is the result? How about Jinan's inner city wall? What's the result? What's so special about the fortifications in Shanghai?" Tang Enbo said: "If the war in Jinan hadn't betrayed Wu Huawen to the Communist Party and opened the gap in the city wall, it would have been safe and sound. Luoyang certainly has favorable terrain and strong fortifications, but they only pay attention to the relative position of the bunker in battle in order to defend against the communist army's sea tactics. Independence, although each stronghold is also organized into a firepower network, and there are shooting perforations on the upper, middle, and lower floors, which are used to control shooting and horizontal shooting, as well as to defend the trenches of the communist army's ladders, blasting attacks, and tunnel attacks. Bottom shooting, this should be said to be foolproof, but the problem is that it is easy to be broken everywhere, and a major feature of the communist army's tactics is precisely to divide and chop up to swallow. Therefore, the position defense of the Songhu decisive battle is already sufficient吸取前者之长处，并弥补了其之不足。” 蒋介石又问：“计划书上说采取陆海空联合作战，其余兵种如何运用？” 汤恩伯：“已命令各兵种司令作了计划，现已呈报上来。关于海军运用要旨，根据海军司令桂永清的报告：海军第一舰队与吴淞要塞炮兵配合，负责吴淞、高桥两岸地区的炮战及对地面部队的火力支援，并保证吴淞口外海上运输的畅通。” 蒋介石点了点头：“这很重要。” 汤恩伯继续说：“关于空军运用方法，空军司令周至柔已表态；空军将以4个大队，140架飞机，每日分3批，昼夜不停轮番协同地面作战。并已准备大批照明弹，防止共军趁夜间偷袭。空军基地除上海各机场外，还准备必要时利用闽、浙和盟军的'海上基地'（即美国航空母舰）。至于炮兵运用要旨：炮兵司令邵百昌已报告说：总计各独立炮兵团和军、师炮兵共有大小口径炮约500门，准备每炮配弹300发，以在阵地前每一公里正面平均有炮5门为原则进行配备，在阵地前构成一道不可逾越的炮弹阵地。至于装甲兵运用要旨：二公子（蒋纬国，装甲车副司令兼参谋长）认为，战车及装甲车部队作为总预备队使用为好。因为他认为以往作战，敌人每突破阵地一点，就引起全线动摇；这次要吸取这些教训，只要各步兵部队各自守住阵地，阻止突破或恢复突破口的任务就交由他们装甲车部队担任。” 最后汤恩伯又悄悄地说：“必要时我们还准备把浦东战场从川沙到金山一段用海水完全封锁起来，节约兵力投入浦西作战。” 蒋介石听了，忙说：“注意保密。” 汤恩伯这里说的是“浦东泛区”问题。关于毁堤阻止敌军前进，蒋介石早就很有经验了。抗战初期，为了迟滞日军的西进侵南，蒋介石就曾下令掘开黄河花园口大堤，结果日军没有阻止住，人民却遭受了大灾。汤恩伯此时也想效仿蒋介石的一套。到了5月7日，汤恩伯总部派出爆破技术总队长杜长城率人至埔东，会同三十七军参谋长李友杰、工兵营长漆有仁及浦东沿海支队司令耿子仁等进行侦察，决定以奉贤乍林地段海堤作为爆破点，并运去了一车黄色炸药，具体爆破时间定在5月18日大海潮到来之时，后因人民解放军于14日已解放了该区，汤恩伯这一阴谋未能得逞。 逃到上海的汤恩伯、防守上海的陈大庆以及大大小小的国民党特务、军统，风声鹤唳，到处抓人杀人，一时间使上海陷入了白色恐怖之中。 4月25日，南京解放第3天，汤恩伯从南京经杭州辗转来到上海。同一日，汤恩伯就颁布了杀气腾腾的“战令”十条： “一、违抗命令，临阵退缩者杀； 二、意志不坚，通敌卖国者杀； 三、未经许可，擅离职守者杀； 四、放弃阵地，不能收复者杀； 五、造谣惑众，扰乱军心者杀； 六、不重保密，泄漏军机者杀； 七、坐观成败，不相救援者杀； 八、贻误通信，致失联络者杀； 九、不爱惜武器弹药及克扣军饷者杀； 十、破坏军纪及懈怠疏忽者杀。 " 汤恩伯命令此“战令”以石印印发至营。 颁布完了“战令”，汤恩伯似觉还不够，又下令在部队中重新实行“官兵连坐法”、“士兵联保切结办法”、“保密法”、“防谍法”等，其中防谍法特别规定，凡发现“匪谍”及“通敌”人员，即由部队长就地处决，严格要求执行。 指挥上海防守作战的机构有3个。1949年1月前上海原设有“淞沪警备司令部”，由跟随汤恩伯多年的亲信陈大庆出任司令，统一指挥市区警备及淞沪防务。3月间，“京沪杭警备总司令部”由南京迁到上海，对淞沪防务直接进行指挥。4月下旬，上海又成立了另一个“淞沪防卫司令部”，由汤恩伯的干儿子石觉任司令。在以后的实际作战中，“淞沪防卫司令部”未有任何作为，这个机构完全是汤恩伯因人设事，为安置石觉而设立的。 在汤恩伯为“保卫大上海”而费尽心机之时，淞沪警备总司令陈大庆一刻也未曾闲着。 4月24日，陈大庆命令国民党第三五三师师长欧孝全统一指挥第三五三师和宪兵第九团、吴淞要塞守备总队、交通警察第二总队、保安警察第一、二总队、装甲兵第四营，担任上海市中心区之警备，并限令在4月25日午后6时前控制各学校、工厂、仓库、公共事业、木城、桥梁码头，占领市区内各要点，坚固建筑物制高点，并严加守备。 同一日，陈大庆命令下属在上海市大街小巷，贴满上海市“紧急治安”条例： “一、造谣惑众者处死刑。 二、集中暴动者处死刑。 三、怠工罢工者处死刑。 四、鼓动学潮者处死刑。 五、盗窃抢劫者处死刑。 六、扰乱金融者处死刑。 七、破坏社会秩序者处死刑。 八、无命令而破坏物资者处死刑。 " 4月27日，陈大庆又签署第720号代电，要求上海市政府于3日内对各社团再进行一次总清查，就平日所得侦察记录务期肃清内部，以测安全；同时签署淞沪警备司令部布告： “（一）自本月27日起禁止郊区人民迁往市区。 （二）无上海市身份证者禁止入城。 （三）迁出城外不受限制。 （四）任何人私藏武器，一经查出就地枪决。 " 5月2日，淞沪警备司令部命令：交通警察总局局长马志超为上海市区守备兵团指挥官，指挥交警第一旅（含交警第五、六、十八等3个总队）及交第二、十五总队，于5月1日前接防完毕；正从宁波开来的交第八、九、十二总队和上海市区宪警及“民兵武装”担任社会秩序的维持、要点要线的控制以及镇压市区可能出现的“暴动”和骚乱。 其中一个大队开赴闵行，以确保该处渡口，控制所有渡船。 上海市区守备兵团副指挥官为毛森。 在毛森的直接指挥下，上海市警察总局制定了应变计划并完成了部署。 保安警察第一、二总队奉命于4月26日下午6时前分别担任本城区内重要公用事业及仓库的监护。 第一总队所部署的沪南区——邑庙、蓬莱、嵩山、卢家湾、常熟、徐家汇等6分局辖区的各地区队都已经构成一个相对独立的战斗体，截至26日下午6时，已经占领老西门华商电气公司办事处、方九霞银楼、生活医院等建筑物；占领中华路、黄家码头附近的建筑物；并在防守区域内建立多个防御据点——茂名南路长乐路18层楼、复旦大学制高点、宛平路衡山路比伽利公寓制高点、衡山路高安路华盛顿公寓制高点，上述建筑物被占领后，建筑物四周道路皆已堵塞，并配备简单的工事。 第二总队部署在沪东区，该区的公用事业、工厂仓库甚多，最重要的是中纺公司，其次还有美商电力厂、英商自来水厂、煤气厂、电车厂、交通公司等。 沪东区的守备分为四大据点，并掌握有力之机动部队，控制要道、桥梁及黄浦江面，在各防御工事处备有铁丝网、拒马、沙囊活动碉堡。在火力配备上，对交叉要道均构成可以斜射、侧射、消灭死角的配置。 第一据点——以榆林路分局建筑为中心（包括自来水公司等）构成。 第二据点——以唐山路附近建筑物为中心构成。 第三据点——以杨树浦分局、杨树浦电力公司、煤气厂为主构成。 第四据点——以提篮桥警察医院、监狱仓库为主构成。 机动车队为区预备队，指挥地点在榆林分局附近。各区间的联络暂时还以电话为主，一旦电话中断，将以无线电传达。 各机动车队、骑巡队、飞行堡垒仍属总局掌握。 同一时间，保密局局长毛人凤被蒋介石召到复兴岛。蒋介石要亲自向他布置该局的潜伏和暗杀工作。 蒋介石对毛人凤说：“出于大上海保卫战的考虑，保密局上海站的工作必须坚持到最后。上海还有些实业界、金融界、社会名流、国大代表和立法委员，看来他们是不想走的。你要监视他们，并马上造出名册，决不能把他们留给共产党。至于那些专门和政府捣乱的所谓民主党派分子，能解决的就解决，张澜、罗隆基、史良都在上海，要将他们都监视起来，到时候全部解决。你务必在上海亲自监督各项事宜。” 很快，毛人凤在上海蒲石路118号家中会见国民党上海市警察局局长毛森。 毛人凤对毛森说：“老头子这次来，脾气大极了。刚才找我去，要我协助汤恩伯陈良两位抢运物资，控制上海的轮船、帆船及大、小船只，并要我集中上海、宁波一带的交通警察，以6个总队加入战斗序列，保卫上海，统归汤恩伯指挥，其中两个总队担任护送物资的工作。另外还命令我们监视上海的资本家，不让他们将物资偷运香港等地。可资本家又不是傻子，大部分早在去年12月就逃到香港，就连杜月笙这几天也动身去了香港，真难办。关于物资和船只的事我让黄加持他们去办，其他各项事宜也都分配下去了。现在还有一件较重要也颇棘手的事，老头子认为非你莫属。” 毛森：“请局座明示，我一定尽力完成。” “老头子说，我们过去的教训就是对共产党及民主党派过于仁慈，一句话我们杀人还太少。这次，总裁特别说明，凡有嫌疑者一律逮捕，对民盟的张澜、罗隆基等立即予以监视，等接到命令迅速解决，这件事就交给你办。” 毛森：“请局座放心。” 毛森，保密局系统着名的“三毛”之一。1949年3月，正式进入上海福州路警察总局大楼办公。以办事效率高、心狠手辣着称。上任不到一个月，毛森就破获了自中共“李白台”之后又一座中共秘密电台“秦鸿钧台”。当时中共设在上海的秘密电台一共只有3座。 接到任务后的毛森很快就行动起来。 监视史良的秘密报告发出。 逮捕民主同盟领袖张澜、罗隆基的命令发出。 一份份黑名单迅速排出，分布于全市的暗杀行动小组也随着黑名单分别就位。 一时间，上海处于白色恐怖之中，到处是荷枪实弹的军警，警车鸣笛横冲直撞，特务四处捕人。4月26日，上海市14所大专院校共逮捕学生356人。 进入5月后，上海几乎每天都有国民党刽子手屠杀的枪声。 一时间，公园、闹市如虹口公园、大世界，都成了刑场。 5月7日，浦东戚家庙。中共地下党员秦鸿钧、张困斋、李白等13人被国民党处以死刑。 截至5月20日黄昏毛森出逃，在国民党统治上海的最后一个月里，至少屠杀了2000至4000人。 毛森逃走时，仍不忘屠杀革命志士。5月20日，他带着自己的卫队，在警察局的天井里就杀了9名政治犯。 疯狂的大屠杀暴露了国民党顽固派这群困兽临死前垂死挣扎的病态心理。 毛森大逮捕、大屠杀之际，上海市警备总司令陈大庆也不甘落后。5月初，陈大庆又做出惊人之举，颁布《奖励检举共匪办法》。陈大庆认为，有了这个《办法》，共匪在上海该是待不下去了。 上海已完全进入战时状态。 5月11日晚，上海战役前一夜，京沪杭警备司令部灯火通明，这儿正召开作战会议。 汤恩伯到达台湾后留影 参加人员有：第三十七军军长罗泽闿、第五十二军军长刘玉章、第七十五军军长吴仲直、第十二军军长舒荣、第二十一军军长王克俊、第一二三军军长顾锡九、第五十四军军长阙汉骞、第五十一军军长王秉钺、炮兵司令邵百昌、装甲兵司令徐庭瑶、交警总队队长马志超、补给区司令黄壮怀、淞沪警备司令陈大庆、上海防守司令部司令石觉、京沪杭警备司令部副参谋长周自强、保密局局长毛人凤、警察局局长毛森以及各部部长、各处处长等70余人。 汤恩伯是这次会议的主持人。 他说：“今天召集诸位是因为情况紧急。据可靠情报，共军近日已有行动，估计不出两天战斗会打响……各位都准备得如何？我想告诉大家，总裁的兵舰就在吴淞口外，他将亲自指挥上海保卫战，总裁要我务必转告各位，国军在上海一定要好好打一打，美国驻远东军司令麦克阿瑟已经表态，只要我们坚持3个月到半年，美国一定出兵！到那时，局势就会发生本质的变化。” 汤恩伯停了停，看了周自强一眼，说：“自强，把这几天共军情报给大家通报一下。” 周自强站了起来，拿着教鞭走向地图，说道：“据5月9日淞沪警备司令部第二处一科提供的共匪陈毅第三野战军各军目前所在位置如下： “三十一军——太仓、常熟间地区。 “二十六军——昆山以西铁路两侧（该军第七十七、七十八师各一部曾在8日以炮火向我阵地进犯，迄9日2时许旋即沉寂）。 “二十八军——苏州附近。 “二十九军——吴江迄嘉兴公路两侧及嘉兴以东地区。 “二十军、二十三军——主力吴兴、长兴间地区，一部吴兴以东震泽、南浔一带。 “二十五军、二十七军、三十军——孝丰、余杭及杭州一带，一部踞萧山附近。 “二十一军、二十二军、二十四军——似集结于太平、石埭间地区。 “以上是敌方情况。 “关于我军目前部署分配如下： “外围阵地：浦西方面由顾锡久军长的一二三军驻守。浦东方面，则由五十一军王秉钺军长部防守。 “主阵地：沪西北方面包括狮子林、月浦、杨行、浏浦由五十二军刘玉章军长部固守；五十四军阙汉骞军长部则担任沪西部包括大场、真如、北新泾等地的防守；吴仲直军长所部七十五军则固守沪南及西南部即虹桥、梅花弄、龙华；浦东南部杨思、塘桥、洋泾一带由三十七军罗泽闿军长部担任防守；浦东北部的高桥由十二军舒荣军长部固守。 “核心阵地：由二十一军、九十九师、交警总队及直属部队守备，其中二十一军及九十九师驻扎江湾地区。 “目前，徐庭瑶司令、蒋纬国副司令率领的装甲军部队之控制四川路以北通往吴淞港口的要道。” 周自强讲完，然后低声问汤恩伯：“司令还有什么意见？” 汤恩伯说：“五十一军王秉钺部调浦东川沙、接替三十七军防守。三十七军在浦东的防守向内收宿。好了，今天的部署就到这儿。总之，诸位为党国尽忠的时候到了，希望大家精诚团结，共挽危局。” 1949年4月底的一天，距南京解放一周过去了，这天毛泽东同军委其他领导聚在一起。毛泽东说：“想不到形势发展这样快，下一步要考虑解放上海了。” 周恩来说：“上海是我党的诞生地，是中国革命的摇篮，这下可以回到人民的怀抱。” 刘少奇说：“上海也是蒋介石起家的地方，是帝国主义侵略中国的主要基地，是冒险家的乐园。那里情况很复杂，现在还有好几万外侨。” “上海可是我国工业精华的所在，千万不能打烂了。”任弼时担心地说，“现在看来，打下上海不算问题，难就难在要使这个大上海完整地回到人民的怀抱，并且管好它。” 朱德说：“总前委已经来电询问，何时可以对上海发起进攻。” 毛泽东说：“解放上海，主要不是军事问题。上海已成孤岛，解放军占有绝对优势。何时向上海发起进攻，主要是政治上、经济上，甚至是国际上的问题，要做充分准备！” 毛泽东接着说：“解放上海必须考虑：第一，会不会引起美帝国主义的介入，实行直接武装干涉。这个危险是存在的。上海是我国的第一大城市，'冒险家的乐园'，帝国主义列强侵略中国的据点。蒋介石准备在上海进行最后赌博，拉美国下水。第二，解放上海，必须完整保存这个城市，不致使上海受到破坏。打上海，要文打，不要武打，不仅要军事进城，而且要做到政治进城。第三，解放上海，必