Chapter 3 Chapter II Strategic Decision-Making

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Northeast became the strategic focus of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Mao Zedong once said: "Even if we lose all our existing bases, as long as we occupy the Northeast, the Chinese revolution will have a solid foundation." The base area has been surrounded by the Kuomintang army for a long time, and can rely on the developed industry and rich products in the Northeast to build a solid strategic base for our party and our army. Fighting against the Kuomintang army puts our party and our army in an extremely favorable position.

Chiang Kai-shek also said that the Northeast occupies a special and important position, and accepting the Northeast is one of "the most important goals and most urgent tasks of the national revolution."For this reason, Chiang Kai-shek did not hesitate to sacrifice China's sovereignty in exchange for the Soviet Union's recognition of its rights in the Northeast and the Soviet Union's promise that the Nationalist Government would take over the Northeast from the Soviet Army.The Kuomintang believes that if it controls the Northeast, it can attack the liberated areas of the Communist Party from north to south and eliminate the Communist Party as soon as possible.

Therefore, in order to occupy the Northeast, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party put forward a series of strategic decisions and carried out a series of strategic deployments against the clock. Mao Zedong had long been optimistic about the black land of Northeast China. On July 9, 1942, when the War of Resistance Against Japan was still ongoing, Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi discussed in a telegram the issue of concentrating the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army in the three eastern provinces in order to strive for cooperation with the Kuomintang to build a country after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan .

Mao Zedong said: "Under the overall international situation, the Kuomintang still has the possibility of cooperating with our party after the war. Although there is another possibility of civil war, we should strive for the former possibility to become a reality. Therefore, we must It is estimated that when Japan is defeated and retreats from China, the New Fourth Army and the troops south of the Yellow River must be concentrated in North China, or even the entire Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army must be concentrated in the three eastern provinces in order to obtain the conditions for continued cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party (this point does not need to be told to anyone at present) , so Shandong is actually a transfer hub." ("Mao Zedong Military Anthology" Vol. 2, p. 681, Military Science Publishing House, Central Literature Publishing House, 1993 edition)

In November of the same year, at the Presidium meeting of the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong said: Wherever Chiang Kai-shek throws China's land, we will go there.Thousands of cadres should also be prepared to go to Manchuria. On April 24, 1945, Comrade Mao Zedong made a political report (that is, the article "On the Coalition Government") In April 1945, shortly after the termination of the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty, Mao Zedong paid more attention to the strategic Northeast.In an instruction forwarded to the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Sub-bureau, he said: The Soviet Union's suspension of the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty shows that the outbreak of the Soviet-Japanese War is not far away, and the situation in the Far East has undergone major changes. .Now we are intensifying the training and expansion of the main force and the local army, so that some of the main force can be spared and used to open up the Northeast.

At the "Seventh National Congress" of the Communist Party of China held in April of this year, Mao Zedong pointed out in his political report: "Among the occupied areas, the four northeastern provinces have been occupied for the longest time, and they are also the industrial centers and military bases of the Japanese invaders. , we should step up the underground work there. For the Northeast people who have been exiled in the pass, we should step up and unite them and prepare to recover the lost land." In May, Mao Zedong once again pointed out at the "Seventh National Congress" of the Communist Party of China: "If the Northeast can be under our leadership, I think it can be said that our victory has a basis, that is to say, it determines our victory. Now Our small base areas have been scattered by the enemy, and each base area is not consolidated, has no industry, and is in danger of extinction. Therefore, we also want to fight for cities, and for such a whole area. We must include the Northeast. An entire base area in the country, which means that there is a foundation for victory and a solid foundation for victory on a national scale."

At this meeting, Mao Zedong also pointed out: "It is necessary to prepare 20 to 25 brigades, with 150,000 to 200,000 people, to leave the Soviet area and go to the Northeast in the future... The four northeastern provinces (the three eastern provinces of Hehe: author's note) are extremely important. , it is possible under our leadership. With the four northeastern provinces we have the basis for victory." On June 9, when the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was elected at the "Seventh National Congress" of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong once again talked about the Northeast, pointing out: "The Northeast is very important. From the perspective of the development of our party and the recent and future prospects of the Chinese revolution, The Northeast is particularly important. As long as we have the Northeast, the Chinese revolution will have a solid foundation. Now our foundation is not solid, because our base area is still economically handicraft, there is no large-scale industry, no heavy industry, and geographically It’s not even connected.”

On June 11, Mao Zedong further emphasized in the "Report on the Election and Repair of the Central Committee": "The Northeast is very important. From the perspective of our party and the recent and future prospects of the Chinese revolution, the Northeast is particularly important. ...If we lose all the existing base areas, as long as we have the Northeast, the Chinese revolution will have a solid foundation. Of course, if the other base areas are not lost, and we have the Northeast, the foundation of the Chinese revolution will be better and more solid gone." The reason why Mao Zedong valued the Northeast region so much is determined by the region's economic and strategic status.From the perspective of economic status, the Northeast has a vast territory, fertile land, abundant resources, and a rich and complete industrial system.From the perspective of strategic position, the Northeast is backed by the Soviet Union, the west is bordered by Mongolia, the southeast is adjacent to North Korea, the Liaodong Peninsula in the south faces the Jiaodong Liberated Area of ​​the Shandong Peninsula across the sea, and the southwest is adjacent to the Jireliao Liberated Area.More importantly, Chiang Kai-shek has no basis for ruling in the Northeast.Therefore, if the CCP controls the Northeast, it can turn the Northeast into a reliable strategic rear, fundamentally change the passive state of the Chinese revolutionary base area that has been surrounded by the Kuomintang army for a long time, and form a solid strategic base, a general revolutionary base, to support the Struggles in the Liberated Areas of the Pass.On the contrary, if the Northeast is occupied by the Kuomintang, then it will be able to use the strong industrial foundation in the Northeast to cooperate with East and Central China to attack the liberated areas in the pass from the north to the south.

Since Mao Zedong valued the Northeast region so much, he must express it in action. On August 10, 1945, he sent a telegram to Shandong Luo Ronghuan, Li Yu and others, ordering the Guandong soldiers to "please find out the number, combat effectiveness and cadre allocation of the Northeast Army of the Wanyi Department, and report immediately and be on standby for deployment."Two days later, Mao Zedong drafted a telegram for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Shandong Branch Bureau, stating: "Wan Yi's Northeast Army will soon complete preparations for departure and be on standby to go to the Northeast." Press, Central Literature Publishing House, 1993 edition)

At the moment when Mao Zedong kept his eyes on the Northeast and took action, news came that the Soviet Union and the Kuomintang government had signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" on August 14.The treaty expresses support for the Kuomintang government: "The Soviet Union allows all spiritual and military assistance to the national government as the central government of China, and recognizes China's sovereignty in Manchuria." Publishing House, 1957 edition) also made it clear that it supported the unification of China under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.

This news was like a bucket of cold water pouring on his head, which disappointed Mao Zedong very much.He feels that the problems in the Northeast will become more complicated.In this case, is the Northeast still going?Mao Zedong decided to go anyway. On August 18, he pointed out in a telegram to Luo Ronghuan, Li Yu, and Xiao Hua drafted for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China: "Wan Yi's detachment will be transferred to the northeast and will be on standby via Hebei to the border of Rehe. The detachment currently has 2,500 people. Except for the elderly, weak and deserters, it is good to have 1,500 to reach the destination. Those who can mobilize the cadres in the Northeast should be transferred to 10,000 as much as possible" ("Mao Zedong Chronicle" Vol. 1993 edition). On August 22, Mao Zedong issued instructions to the Shandong Branch Bureau on sending people into Manchuria to carry out local work: In order to quickly win over Manchuria, the branch bureau should immediately dispatch a large number of cadres to Manchuria in plain clothes after the Soviet Red Army occupied Lushun and Dalian. Establish a local party and local government, mobilize and organize the masses... If the Soviet Red Army can allow Shandong Eighth Route Army troops to enter Manchuria (negotiate first) to eliminate scattered enemies and traitors, then troops should be transferred from Shandong to enter Manchuria in the name of the Northeast Volunteer Army. At the meetings of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held twice on August 23 and 26, Mao Zedong said when talking about the Northeast issue: "Limited to the Sino-Soviet treaty, the Soviet Union cannot directly assist us. It is certain that we will send cadres first, yes." There is a lot to be done. Whether the army will go or not depends on the situation." (Page 758, Central Literature Publishing House, 1993 edition) On August 26, Mao Zedong drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on peace with the Kuomintang The internal party notice of the negotiation also pointed out: "As for the scope stipulated by the Sino-Soviet treaty in the three northeastern provinces, the administrative power is in the hands of the Kuomintang. Whether our party can send troops into the activities is still uncertain, but there is no problem in sending cadres to work. Yes, the central government first sent more than a thousand cadres to the Northeast led by Lin Feng." ("Mao Zedong Chronicle", Volume 2, p. 15, People's Publishing House, Central Literature Publishing House, 1993 edition) After everything was arranged, on August 28, Mao Zedong left Yan'an and flew to Chongqing to conduct peace talks with Chiang Kai-shek. Liu Shaoqi was in charge of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Yan'an. On September 14, 1945, Soviet special envoys Belurosov and Zeng Kelin flew to Yan'an to inform the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China of the opinions of the Communist Party of China and Stalin on how the Chinese Communist Army entered the Northeast. Discussions focused on the views of the Soviet Union and work in the Northeast. The members of the Politburo unanimously agreed that the strategic focus should be on the Northeast and strive to establish a base in the Northeast.Regarding the Soviet Union’s request for the withdrawal of CCP troops from Shenyang, Dalian, Changchun and other places, Liu Shaoqi said: Three methods can be adopted: (1) Withdraw in name; (2) Withdraw a small part to the countryside, and leave the main part in Shenyang; (3) From Shenyang to Yingkou and Shanhaiguan, the retreat was vigorous and vigorous.All three withdrawal methods are used, public withdrawal and secret withdrawal.However, Re and Cha under the jurisdiction of the Jire Liao Military Region were the main areas of the Eighth Route Army since the Anti-Japanese War and could not be withdrawn.Send 4 divisions from Shandong to the Northeast, or go, the policy is to win the Northeast.In order to take care of the diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Chiang Kai-shek, the Eighth Route Army was not used as an armed force in name, but the masses had to know that it was the Eighth Route Army. Finally, Liu Shaoqi proposed that in order to realize the strategic decision to control the Northeast and strengthen the leadership of the Northeast, establish the Northeast Bureau of the Communist Party of China, with Peng Zhen as the secretary, Chen Yun, Cheng Zihua, Lin Feng, and Wu Xiuquan (Peng Zhen, then a member of the Political Bureau of the Alternate secretary of the Secretariat and head of the Central Organization Department; Chen Yun, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and alternate secretary of the Secretariat; Lin Feng, political commissar of the Jinsui Military Region and acting secretary of the Shanxi-Sui Branch of the CPC; Cheng Zihua, then the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China Deputy Director; Wu Xiuquan, who was then Deputy Director of the Operations Department of the General Staff of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China) was a member and immediately went to the Northeast to start work.The proposal was passed unanimously. Soldiers are expensive and fast.The next morning, Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Wu Xiuquan, the new leaders of the Northeast Bureau of the Communist Party of China, and Ye Jizhuang, the additional head of the logistics department of the Central Military Commission, joined Belurosov and Zeng Kelin in the small military plane they had come to. Fly to the northeast. Once the new strategic deployment is determined, we must pay close attention to its implementation. On the evening of September 15th, in the name of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Liu Shaoqi issued instructions to the bureaus of the Central Committee: At present, the task of our party is to quickly and resolutely win over the Northeast and develop our powerful forces in the Northeast.What is most needed now is to send a large number of military cadres to the Northeast. North China and Central China should send 100 regiment-like military cadres, from squads, platoons, companies, battalions, regiments to administrative and political personnel, and go to the Northeast quickly one after another. The distribution of 100 regiment cadres is 20 in Central China, 30 in Shandong, 25 in Shanxi, Chahar and Hebei, and 25 in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan. It is imminent to propose a new strategic policy to the whole party and the whole army to guide the unified and coordinated actions of all liberated areas and troops. The time has come. On September 17, 1945, Liu Shaoqi drafted a telegram for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the negotiating delegation of the Communist Party of China in Chongqing, proposing the strategic policy of "advance to the north and defense to the south".He wrote: Our national strategic policy must be determined to advance to the north and defend to the south, otherwise our main force will be scattered, the area will be too large, and we will be passive everywhere. Retreat to the north and transfer 100,000 to 150,000 people from Shandong and central China to the north to control eastern Hebei and Rehe. The CCP negotiating delegation replied on the same day, fully agreeing with the policy of striving for the Northeast, saying: The Northeast, Rehe, and Chahar are under control, the whole party is united, and there is nothing to be afraid of. On September 19, the CCP negotiating delegation sent another telegram, expressing again its complete agreement with the policy set by the Yan’an CCP Central Committee, and proposed: During this period of intense work, when the Politburo personnel are dispersed in various places, entrust the Central Secretariat, The chairman and acting chairman exercise the functions and powers of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. The opinions of the CCP negotiating delegation headed by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai are obviously very important.Liu Shaoqi did not delay for a moment, and immediately convened a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that day to discuss the call from Chongqing, strategic guidelines, and military deployment. Liu Shaoqi first made a systematic speech at the meeting and said that our policy today is to try to control Re and Cha provinces and control the Northeast.We must act quickly and take advantage of the opportunity to control Zhangjiakou and Shanhaiguan, making it impossible for Chiang Kai-shek's army to enter the northeast by land.As long as 50,000 people on the northeast coast are controlled by us in the Bohai Bay section, Jiang Jun will not be able to go ashore.The Northeast Bureau has already gone, and another 50,000 troops will be sent there. At the same time, cadres from 100 regiments will be assigned to various places, and they will go immediately.Prepare to gather 50,000 soldiers in the east of Jidong in November and December, and announce that the Eighth Route Army will enter the northeast when the Soviet army retreats.Don't be negligent everywhere, there are still more than two months. With 150,000 troops, another 200,000 armed forces will be organized in the Northeast, and the guns and food will be ready, and we will be able to control the Northeast. At this time, there will be hope for the Kuomintang-Communist negotiations.Therefore, we have to propose it as a task for the whole party and the whole army. We should develop to the north, and we can take defense in the south. The Politburo meeting of the CPC Central Committee adopted this policy.At the end of the meeting, Liu Shaoqi returned to the cave where he lived, and without taking a break, he sat down and drafted three telegrams, which were sent overnight. The first is an instruction to the entire party drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposing the national strategic policy of "developing to the north and defending to the south": (1) Omit) (2) At present, the main tasks of the whole Party and the whole army are to continue to fight against the enemy and puppets, to completely control the provinces of Reh and Chasar, to develop our forces in the Northeast and strive to control the Northeast, so that relying on the Northeast and Reh and Chase provinces, we can strengthen The struggle of the people in the Kuomintang area is for peace and democracy and a favorable position for negotiation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.For this reason, the following arrangements are specially made, and we hope to implement them resolutely. (a) Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei (except eastern Hebei) and Shanxi-Suizhou districts use their existing forces to deal with Fu Zuoyi and Ma Zhanshan's attack on Chahar Zhangjiakou and Hu Zongnan's possible future attack from Beiping to Zhangjiakou, and resolutely attack Fu, Ma and Zhangjiakou. The rest of the attacking army will fully protect the entire territory of Chahar, most of Suiyuan, northern Shanxi and a part of Hebei, making it one of the basic strategic bases centered on Zhangjiakou. (B) The main force and most of the cadres in Shandong were quickly dispatched to eastern Hebei and northeast.The first step is to transfer 30,000 troops from Shandong to eastern Hebei to assist the Jireliao military region in eradicating puppet troops, open up work in Rehe, and fully control eastern Jire, Jinzhou, and Rehe.In addition, 30,000 troops were transferred from Shandong to develop in the Northeast and add equipment. (c) The East China New Fourth Army (except the Fifth Division) will deploy 80,000 troops to Shandong and eastern Hebei to protect and develop the Shandong base area and the Jireliao area.Our army in eastern Zhejiang retreated to southern Jiangsu, and the main forces in southern Jiangsu and southern Anhui retreated back to Jiangbei. (D) Establish the Jireliao Central Bureau and expand the Jireliao Military Region, with Li Fuchun as secretary and Lin Biao as commander.Luo Ronghuan went to work in the Northeast.The Shandong Bureau was changed to the East China Bureau, and Chen Yi and Rao Shushi went to work in Shandong.The current Central China Bureau has been changed into a branch bureau, under the command of the East China Bureau, and its personnel will be allocated separately. (5) The Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region tried its best to block and attack the recalcitrant troops going north, and prepared to transfer 30,000 troops to the east of Hebei and into the northeast in November. (f) The national strategic policy is to develop to the north and defend to the south. As long as we can control the Northeast and the provinces of Re and Chacha, and have the liberated areas and the people of the whole country cooperate in the struggle, the victory of the Chinese people can be guaranteed. (G) The specific deployment of each district will be determined separately. The second and third telegrams were addressed to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai.One is to report to them the deployment of leaders in several strategic areas, and the other is to propose that all troops south of the Yangtze River withdraw quickly to the north and use this as a concession condition for negotiations with the Kuomintang. Mao Zedong was also highly efficient. He sent a call back overnight, fully agreeing with the deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and said that the withdrawal of Jiangnan troops to the north "as soon as possible, the better. This has been proposed to the other party as a concession condition, and it will have a good impact." The policy, deployment, and plan have all been finalized, and now it is necessary to implement them one by one, step by step, and grasp them to the end. The large-scale strategic movement of the Chinese Communist Army has entered into actual operation. The troops stationed in Shandong have the heaviest task in this strategic operation, and almost all of them will be transferred to the northeast and eastern Hebei. On September 20, 1945, Liu Shaoqi first issued an instruction to the Shandong Branch of the CPC in the name of the CPC Central Committee: in principle, the troops and cadres in Shandong must use all their strength to complete the current task, and they must organize 200,000 to 300,000 troops in the Northeast within two and a half months. To prevent Chiang Kai-shek's army from entering the Northeast, the timing is urgent, and the sooner the better.I hope that Luo Ronghuan and Xiao Huaneng will soon arrive in the Northeast, and Lin Biao will soon arrive in the East of Jidong.Before Lin Biao arrived in Jidong, the central government sent Cheng Zihua to Jidong to preside over it. Luo Ronghuan, secretary of the Shandong Branch of the Communist Party of China, commander and political commissar of the Shandong Military Region, received instructions and acted urgently to quickly organize the main force of Shandong to go to the northeast.Originally, Lin Biao was sent to Shandong after the closing ceremony of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. On August 25, he left Yan'an and went to Taihang Mountain first on the plane of the US military observation team. On July 1, 1945, Luo Ronghuan conveyed the spirit of the party's "Seventh National Congress" at the "July 1st" meeting of the Shandong Branch and the Shandong Military Region The second instruction issued by Liu Shaoqi in the name of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 20 was for the Central China Bureau of the Communist Party of China.At this time, the main leaders in Central China were the secretary Rao Shushi and the commander of the New Fourth Army Chen Yi.Liu Shaoqi instructed them: All the troops in eastern Zhejiang and the local party and government should withdraw immediately, and the troops of the Seventh Division of the New Fourth Army in southern Jiangsu and Anhui, central Anhui, and the party and government must also retreat in principle.It is estimated that 40,000 to 50,000 people can be withdrawn from Jiangnan and central Anhui to strengthen northern Jiangsu and eastern Anhui. On this day, Liu Shaoqi also formally issued an order to the military commanders in Shandong and Central China in the name of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Peng Dehuai: Our army must resolutely take the opportunity to seize all of eastern Hebei, and indeed control Shanhaiguan, Gubeikou, Zhangjiakou, and Nankou. In order to control the Northeast Gateway and intercept Jiang Jun's attempt to enter the Northeast by land.Ordered the Shandong Military Region to send 30,000 basic corps to land in Laoting and Qinhuangdao within one week, and cooperated with the Jireliao Military Region to wipe out the stubborn puppet troops in eastern Hebei; Southern Mengyin area is on standby. On October 6, Liu Shaoqi sent another telegram to Huang Kecheng, commander of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army, and others to continue to lead the division to march northward after arriving in Shandong, heading to the northeast. Such a large-scale army mobilization, due to the urgent task, heavy organizational work, and lack of transportation, the progress still cannot keep up.If this continues, the opportunity of a thousand years will be lost.Liu Shaoqi decided to take drastic measures. On September 29, he instructed the leaders of Shandong and Northeast China in the name of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China: If Shandong troops and cadres enter the Northeast by land, they will not be able to reach the Northeast for two months. In Jiaodong and Liaodong, we should immediately take concrete measures to organize the crossing of the sea quickly with all our strength, and we cannot allow a moment of delay. We must cross 200,000 to 30,000 troops and cadres within 20 days to one month, otherwise we will never be able to complete the strategic task. It's the part that decides everything right now. Liu Shaoqi kept an eye on it, and sent another telegram the next day, proposing stricter and stricter arrangements: (1) Wan Yi and Wu Kehua immediately took the radio station and staff to communicate with Jiaodong near the coast, and guided the troops and cadres to cross the sea. Zou Dapeng immediately took the radio station to contact Jiaodong in the Piziwo area of ​​Zhuanghe River, collected ships, and went to Jiaodong picked up troops and raised food.Xiao Hua should cross the sea immediately in order to command the entire army to cross the sea and deploy after crossing the sea.Wu Xiuquan immediately went to Luda University to explain our army's actions to the Soviet Army, and contacted Wan Yi, Wu Kehua, and Xiao Hua.All of the above-mentioned persons shall not be sent to other missions unless all their missions of crossing the sea are completed, and shall not leave without authorization. (2) The Jiaodong command organization immediately moved to the coast, contacted Wan, Wu, Zou, and Xiao Mi, and made every effort to organize the crossing.Thirty to forty thousand people must be crossed in order to open up and support the Northeast situation. (3) The U.S. military landed in the Tianjin area today. Our cross-sea operations cannot be stopped because of this. We should use the evening to disperse and board the ships, arrive at the Soviet defense line outside Ludakou overnight, and then travel eastward or northward along the Liaodong coast to a suitable place for landing. . (4) It is a big mistake to be so slow in crossing the sea. If it is not remedied immediately, it will not escape the punishment of history. It is hoped that this task will be resolutely completed. The measures really paid off immediately.The speed of troop movement has been greatly accelerated.Due to the urgent situation of the Northeast Army, on October 17, Liu Shaoqi urgently called Lin Biao, asking him to lead the troops that had already arrived in the east of Jidong to the northeast.At the same time, other liberated areas and military regions are also making corresponding adjustments and deployments in accordance with the instructions issued by Yan'an. After the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Liu Shaoqi determined the strategic policy of "developing to the north and defending to the south", they immediately adopted a series of strategic deployments and measures. 1. Vigorously strengthen the self-defense forces in the Northeast.Beginning in late September 1945, some of the main forces from the liberated areas were dispatched successively to the Northeast.These units include: the Shandong Military Region and its affiliated first, second, third, fifth, sixth, seventh divisions, the third garrison brigade, and the Shandong Binhai Detachment, led by Luo Ronghuan, the commander of the Shandong Military Region, to the northeast; the New Fourth Army The 3rd Division, 8 regiments of the Jireliao Army, the 1st Division of the 359th Brigade of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, the 1st Security Brigade, and the 2nd Teaching Brigade, with a total of more than 110,000 people. By the end of November, all these troops had reached the Northeast.The first, second, and seventh divisions of the Shandong Military Region, the third division of the New Fourth Army, and the 21st Regiment of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan took over Fuxin and Montenegro; the 32nd Regiment of Jinsui entered the Faku area; The first brigade, the second brigade of teaching and the 31st regiment of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei are stationed along the Jin (zhou) Cheng (De) railway; (Forest) along the railway line; the third division of the Shandong Military Region and the third garrison brigade are in Liaoyang, Anshan, and Benxi; the fifth and sixth divisions of the Shandong Military Region are in Haicheng, Zhuanghe, and Andong (now Dandong).There are also some old anti-Japanese troops in North Manchuria and East Manchuria. After the end of November, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China reassigned 1,000 cadres from the 25 regiments formed by the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region to the Northeast. 2. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent 20 members and alternate members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (including 4 members of the Political Bureau) to lead nearly 20,000 cadres to the Northeast to command operations and carry out work. The Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, with Peng Zhen as the secretary. On November 4, the Northeast People's Autonomous Army Headquarters (renamed the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army in January 1946) was established, with Lin Biao as the commander-in-chief, Peng Zhen as the first political commissar, and Luo Ronghuan as the second political commissar, and unified command of the troops entering the Northeast. 3. Mobilize and organize the soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas of Shandong, Jinsui, Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu, and Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei to actively carry out fortified walls and clear fields, break through roads to block the enemy, and use the tactics of annihilation, entanglement and scuffle to fight along Pinghan Road, Tongpu Road, The Kuomintang troops marching northward along the Jinpu Road and along the Pingsui Road eastward, front, rear, left, and right sides extensively intercepted, attacked from the waist, chased after, sneaked in, harassed, etc., retarded and consumed the Kuomintang army, slowed down its marching speed, and seized the ground for the enemy. Northeast wins time. 4. Promptly put forward a clear work policy for the Northeast work.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed the Northeast Bureau to "use the main force to establish the base areas of East Manchuria, North Manchuria, and West Manchuria." "As long as we can win the vast rural areas and many small and medium-sized cities, and stay close to the people, we will be able to win." On December 28, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China foresaw the difficulty of the struggle in the Northeast, and asked the Northeast Bureau to focus on the cities and vast rural areas far from the Kuomintang's occupation center, so as to seriously mobilize the masses, establish a solid base, accumulate strength, and prepare for the future. Turned to counterattack. 5. Adjust the deployment of each strategic area, concentrate mobile forces, form brigades and columns, organize field armies, and form fists, so that with the cooperation of local armed forces, militias, and guerrillas, we can wipe out a large number of enemies with mobile warfare and cooperate with operations in the Northeast. In accordance with the instructions of the central government, the strategic areas adjusted and deployed at an accelerated pace in late September. The Jiangnan troops of the New Fourth Army withdrew to Jiangbei, and the military headquarters led part of the main force to Shandong; The Central Plains Liberated Area joined the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army to form the Central Plains Military Region; the entire army formed a total of 27 field columns and 6 field brigades. These troops formed a strong line of defense to prevent the Kuomintang army from advancing northward, and strongly supported our army's march to the northeast and operations in the northeast. 6. In order to relieve the worries of the cadres who marched into the Northeast, try to organize their families to work and fight in the Northeast.These family members (including their children) set out from Yan'an or Shandong respectively. Many of them traveled long distances for several months on foot or on horseback, and went through untold hardships to reach the Northeast. At that time, a "northeast whirlwind" also blew up in the agencies and units in Yan'an.According to the unified arrangement, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the organs of the Central Military Commission and directly affiliated schools, cultural groups, medical logistics and other units have mobilized a large number of personnel to form cadre groups and go to the front line. On October 1, 1945, another group of more than 300 cadres was about to leave for the northeast, and Liu Shaoqi came to see them off in person. When the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to develop northward, it decided to establish the Northeast Bureau, with Peng Zhen as its secretary.This is Peng Zhen (second from left) and other leaders of the Northeast Bureau studying the combat plan "What does Marx do?" Liu Shaoqi started his farewell speech to the expedition cadres with such a meaningful question.He made a heuristic gesture and went on: "What did Engels do? Lenin, Stalin, what did they all do?" The cadres were attracted by this fresh question and quietly waited for the next one.Liu Shaoqi waved his arm, and said firmly and passionately: "They are all fighting to liberate all mankind!" The atmosphere in the expedition team became active.The cadres smiled knowingly and listened carefully to every word Liu Shaoqi said: "According to Marx's theory, the proletariat can only liberate all mankind before they can finally liberate themselves. When you go to the Northeast this time, you are liberating yourself at the same time. " "You have to use your own two legs to redraw the map, and use your own two hands to plant the flag of our newly liberated area!" "When you reach the Northeast, what do you rely on? You don't have American cannons, There are no planes, no tanks, no armored vehicles or cars, and there are no railway lines or trains for the time being. You have one, but they don’t have this one: they must rely closely on Marxism and the local people in Northeast China. As long as you Always firmly remember what Marx does, then, comrades, victory must belong to all of us!" Liu Shaoqi's short speech made the cadres on the expedition excited.On the same day, everyone set off for the Northeast front line full of passion. In less than two months, the deployment to control the Northeast was basically realized.There were 110,000 CCP troops marching into the Northeast one after another, including more than 60,000 of the Shandong main force led by Luo Ronghuan and others, and 35,000 under the command of Huang Kecheng, the commander of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army.More than 20,000 cadres were sent to the Northeast successively, including members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee Chen Yun, Peng Zhen, Zhang Wentian, and Gao Gang, members of the Central Committee Li Fuchun, Lin Biao, Li Lisan, Luo Ronghuan, Lin Feng, and ten alternate members of the Central Committee. On September 21, Liu Shaoqi sent a telegram to Peng Zhen and Chen Yun, suggesting that the troops entering the Northeast should use the name of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army in order to organize a large-scale regular army. On October 31, the Northeast People's Autonomous Army was formally established, with Lin Biao as the commander-in-chief, Peng Zhen and Luo Ronghuan as the first and second political commissars respectively, with 10 military regions under its jurisdiction. This is an unprecedented military mobilization.A large number of the CCP’s main force quickly moved northward in accordance with the major decision of “developing northward and defending southward”, winning the opportunity to control Recha and deploy in the northeast, and broke the Kuomintang’s attempt to seize the northeast so that the north and south can attack the liberated areas in the pass.At the same time, the troops scattered in the Kuomintang's henchmen in the south were concentrated in Jiangbei in time, avoiding the danger of being defeated by each. According to relevant information, it was not Lin Biao who was going to be in charge of the Northeast.Mao Zedong chose Lin Biao to govern the Northeast, and there was a process. As early as the end of the Anti-Japanese War, Mao Zedong considered that Luo Ronghuan, the commander and political commissar of the Shandong Military Region, suffered from severe kidney disease and needed treatment and rest. He planned to let Lin Biao go to Shandong to share part of Luo Ronghuan's work. On June 9, 1945, Mao Zedong said in a telegram to Luo Ronghuan: "I am very worried about the illness. The plan to send Lin Biao to Lu has not yet been finalized. Later, we can make a telegram at our discretion." ("Luo Ronghuan Biography" No. 358 pages, Contemporary China Press, 1991 edition) On August 26, Mao Zedong formally notified the Central Committee of Lin Biao’s decision to go to Shandong in a telegram drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Shandong Branch: “Comrades Lin Biao and Xiao Jinguang flew to Taihang yesterday and transferred to Shandong. Division of labor: Luo Ronghuan served as Secretary and concurrently As the political commissar, Lin Biao is the commander and Xiao Jinguang is the deputy commander. If Luo Ronghuan has to recuperate due to illness, Lin Biao will act as Luo's deputy. Both Lin and Xiao are members of the sub-bureau, and the rest will not change." The reason why Mao Zedong chose Lin Biao to go to Shandong was after some consideration.On the one hand, Shandong has an important strategic position. It has always been a strategic hub connecting North China and Central China. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was also an important channel to enter the Northeast.On the other hand, the main force of the Shandong Military Region was developed from the main force of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army under the command of Lin Biao.There are naturally many convenient conditions for Lin Biao to command his old troops. While Lin Biao was on his way to Shandong day and night, on September 12, Liu Shaoqi proposed in a telegram drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai in Chongqing: "Please consider whether to send a famous military commander to the Northeast. " Regarding this candidate, on September 17, Liu Shaoqi proposed in a telegram to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai: "In order to strengthen the work in the Jireliao area, the Jireliao Central Bureau should be established immediately, and Gao Gang, (Li) Fuchun, Kang Sheng Wait to go to work, and must organize a strong military command organization, with Chen Yi or Lin Biao or Xu Xiangqian in charge." At the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 19, Liu Shaoqi further proposed: "Appoint Li Fuchun as secretary of the Jireliao Central Bureau, and expand the Jireliao Military Region, Lin Biao as commander, Xiao Jinguang and Li Yunchang as deputy commanders, and Luo Ronghuan transferred to the northeast. " The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to place Lin Biao in Jireliao because of the important strategic position of Jireliao.Jireliao, located at the gate of the Northeast, is an important channel for sending troops to the Northeast when the time is ripe. At the same time, it is also the most direct direction to block the Kuomintang army from entering the Northeast by land. After receiving Liu Shaoqi's telegram on September 19, Mao Zedong replied on the same day agreeing that Luo Ronghuan and Xiao Hua would go to the Northeast, and Lin Biao would go to Rehe, emphasizing that "the sooner the better." On this day, Lin Biao, who had just arrived in Puyang, received an urgent telegram from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, ordering Lin Biao, Xiao Jinguang, Deng Hua, Jiang Hua, Li Tianyou, Nie Heting and others who were going to Shandong to go to Jireliao. This change is a major change for Lin Biao, who is planning how to work after going to Shandong. Lin Biao (commander of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army) did not hesitate. On September 22, he sent a telegram to the Shandong Bureau, the Central China Bureau, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, saying: In order to resolutely implement the intentions and tasks of the Military Commission, "it is planned to go from here to the middle of Hebei and to the east of Hebei, and arrange the area around Jireliao Work, mobilize the masses, organize armed forces, prepare and train the army, build artillery, and arrange battlefields. Therefore, Xiao Jinguang and I plan not to go to Shandong for the sake of gaining time.” On the 24th, Lin Biao wrote to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The Military Commission sent a telegram, stating that it would use its utmost efforts to complete the major tasks assigned by the central government, and informed the specific time of departure: "Xiao and I are now in the Puyang Military Region, and we plan to leave on the 25th through southern Hebei. It will take more than a month to arrive.” On September 26, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China said in a telegram to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai in Chongqing: “Lin Biao and Xiao Jinguang got up from Hebei, Shandong and Henan to go to Hebei today. within a month." ("Selected Documents of the CPC Central Committee", Volume 15, p. 296, CPC Central Party School Press, 1991 edition) 林彪离开濮阳后，经河间、霸县，于10月18日夜越过北宁路，19日上午抵达香河以南。 就在林彪一路北上赶赴冀热辽的时候，东北局势又发生了重大的变化。由于原拟去东北的罗荣桓病情严重，加之又要指挥山东渡海部队赴东北，一时不能迅速去东北。这时，已从重庆回到延安的毛泽东想到了林彪，决定让已经快到冀热辽的林彪去东北。 10月16日，他给刚赴东北不久的东北局书记彭真发去了一份电报，指出：大连为自由港，苏方已拒绝国民党军登陆，旅顺亦不许登陆，故蒋方从营口、锦州试探登陆，还可能从安东等处试探。“蒋军从秦皇岛登陆，向山海关、锦州攻击前进，是必然的。除令在途各部兼程急进，胶东方面星夜海运，并令林彪急至沈阳助你指挥外，望你就现有力量加强训练，并动员民众坚决阻止登陆，争取时间。”20日，毛泽东又为中共中央军委起草了给林彪、肖劲光的电报，要他们两人均赴沈阳，愈快愈好。 26日，中共中央给高岗、洛甫（张闻天）发出了一份紧急电报，告诉他们：“林、肖决定去沈阳，程子华决定到热河指挥。”这就是说，原定到东北的东北局成员程子华赴热河接替了林彪，而原定赴热河的林彪则改去了东北。 林彪赴东北的具体情况是这样的： 1945年8月25日，林彪等党政军高级领导20余人，登上了一架简陋的美国飞机，飞赴山西前线。之前，他先送走了叶群和1岁多的女儿林豆豆。 当天，美国运输机降落在晋东南太行山区的黎城县临时机场。 威震敌胆的八路军，其总部就设在这里。林彪在这里同妻子和女儿会合了。 林彪在太行山八路军总部住了大约1星期之后偕妻女，带着肖劲光一行继续骑马东行，赶赴山东根据地就任军区司令员。 9月19日，林彪一行到达河南濮阳境内，接到中央电报要他赴冀热辽。于是林彪一行马不停蹄，星夜兼程北上。 一个漆黑的夜晚，他们到了河南滑县以西的地方，道路泥泞难行。面前横着一道铁轨，这便是平汉铁路。 铁路旁边耸立着一座阴森森的碉堡，里面有无敌人弄不清楚。 林彪低声下令：丢掉马车，一律骑马，快速通过铁路！ 然而马队越过铁路时，从碉堡里射来了子弹。部下开枪还击，双方交起火来。冲过铁路便是一片花生地。马夫中弹负伤，马也受了惊。 一阵混乱后，枪声停息了。叶群这才发现，睡在马背上驮子里的小女儿林豆豆，还有同行的李雪峰的女儿李丹林，都已经丢失了。 大伙儿赶快摸黑来回地找。可是半天也没找到。 叶群两眼发直，望着黑暗无边的天空和大地，无声而绝望地啜泣！ 幸运的是，一位姓董的警卫员又摸回去找了一遍，在花生地里摸到一副马鞍，马鞍下面是熟睡着的林豆豆和李丹林。 原来是受惊的马把这两个小孩儿掀落到了花生地里。他们当时都已睡熟，竟然一声也没有哭。 越过平汉铁路以后，林彪一行在三河县暂住了几天。 在三河，林彪带了几位军事指挥人员察看了附近的地形，准备就此迎头痛击国民党军队的进犯。 此时，美军已经侵占了秦皇岛，正在为海运大批国民党部队进攻山海关做准备，因此中央军委决定，让林彪继续北行。 于是，林彪一行继续北行。10月上旬，他们历辛千苦，到达了天下第一关——山海关。 东北局派火车到山海关来接。时间紧迫，林彪还没来得及举行一个出关仪式，就匆匆登上了火车。 火车至锦州，林彪听取了先期到达东北的冀热辽军区司令员李运昌的汇报，然后继续北进。 东北局机关设在位于沈阳市三经街的博物馆内。林彪一行抵达沈阳后，在这里与彭真等军政领导人员会合了。 10月31日，鉴于苏军不赞成东北部队用八路军名义，中央军委决定，将在东北的部队统一组编成东北人民自治军，任命林彪为总司令，东北局书记彭真为第一政委，罗荣桓为第二政委，吕正操、李运昌、周保中、肖劲光为副司令，程子华为副政委，肖劲光兼任参谋长，伍修权为第二参谋长，陈正人为政治部主任。 抗日战争结束后，为了与蒋军争夺东北，快速将在延安的高级指挥员送上前线，毛泽东和党中央用一架美机运送近20位高级将领去前线。对于这次难忘的飞行，杨得志曾回忆道： 这是在1945年8月25日从延安飞赴前线的一次飞行。飞机是绿色的，有两个螺旋桨，舱门很矮。给我的印象很深的是飞机的大门关不严，起飞时螺旋桨还得靠人推动。机舱的小窗口底下是铁座位。机舱板是弧形的，坐下去直不起腰，头也抬不起来。 在飞机上坐定后，我才看清了全部同机人员。他们是刘伯承、邓小平、陈毅、薄一波、肖劲光、傅秋涛、李天佑、邓华、陈锡联、陈再道、宋时轮、邓克明、江华、聂鹤亭、张际春、黄华，还有林彪。 看到在这样一架飞机中，集结了我们党这样多的高级党政领导和军事指挥，我的心情既兴奋又有些紧张。这除了说明任务的急迫之外，也表现了党中央非凡的胆略。 这次飞行是毛泽东下的一步大胆至极的险棋。这架飞机里，日后共和国的元帅就有3位，中将以上的将领多达15名。只要出点意外，共和国元帅就会锐减三分之一。当国民党谍报人员呈报美机运送人员名单时，蒋介石看了大叫一声：“哎呀！”他放走了千载难逢的好机会。 据有关资料记载，具体情况是这样的：1945年8月，当中国人民还沉浸在抗日战争胜利的喜悦中时，一直在保存实力、坐待时机抢夺胜利果实的蒋介石集团，迫不及待地把刀锋指向了中国共产党领导的八路军、新四军。 此时，我党第七次全国代表大会刚刚闭幕，党的高级领导人和军队的主要将领大多还在延安。为了回应蒋介石国民党反动派随时可能发动的内战，中共中央决定让在延安的高级干部尽决返回各解放区开展工作。 用什么方式才能把在延安的高级将领最快捷、最安全地送往前线呢？从地面走，由延安到太行就得1个多月，更不用说到华东、华中前线和东北了。再说也没有像样的交通工具，况且途中还要经过国民党占领区和封锁线，安全也是大问题。 what to do?毛泽东和周恩来这时想到了负责中央外事工作的叶剑英与杨尚昆，立刻把他俩找来商议。然而，大家一时也没拿出个万全之策。 回去后，叶剑英和杨尚昆又一次认真地商量对策。一向以足智多谋着称的叶剑英，左思右想，向杨尚昆提出了一个大胆的设想。他说：“是不是借用美军观察组的飞机把我军将领从延安送出去，当然这有风险。”杨尚昆听后，思忖了片刻，觉得在理：“参谋长，事到如今也只有这个办法了，但这样做确实有点冒险，因为要送的都是我党我军的精英，万一有个闪失，要承受多么大的压力和历史责任啊！”最后，两人决定把这一方案向毛泽东汇报。 于是他俩赶紧来到毛泽东住处。听完他俩的意见，毛泽东也认为这个办法可以考虑。为慎重起见，毛泽东又召集周恩来、朱德、刘少奇、任弼时等最高统帅部全体成员到会磋商。大家从各个方面作了权衡，最后同意和批准了这一方案，并责成叶、杨尽快与美军观察组取得联系并付诸实施。但必须确保安全，万无一失。 叶剑英提到的美军观察组到底是怎么一回事？又怎么想到要向他们求援呢？ 第二次世界大战即将结束时，整个反法西斯战线处处传来捷报，而在中国却出现了国民党军豫湘桂大溃退。 同国民党形成鲜明对比的是，中国共产党及其领导的八路军、新四军浴血奋战，英勇抵抗，取得了一个又一个胜利，创造了一个又一个神话。于是，指挥这场战争的中心——延安，便成了举世瞩目、众望所归的地方。 1944年7月22日，由美国驻华使馆武官包瑞德上校率领的美军观察组第一批共9人飞抵延安，第一次踏上了延安这块神奇的土地。不到20天，第二批观察组人员也于8月7日抵达延安。毛泽东和中共中央政治局对此事非常重视，决定由周恩来亲自主管这项工作，给予高规格的接待。 毛泽东等中共领导人的关心和外事组卓有成效的工作，使美军观察组深受感动。作为回报，美军观察组也为我党和军队提供了不少方便。如观察组在定期航班来往于延安和重庆给美军观察组供应物资的同时，也给我解放区托带了一些药品和电讯器材。解放区有关人员还搭乘他们的飞机来往于延安和重庆以及北平、上海等地。 中央外事组与美军观察组友好相处，协商共事，建立起了良好的合作关系，建立了互信，为中国共产党同美国政府之间架起了一座桥梁。 1945年8月中旬的一天，中央外事组与美军观察组在延安举办了一次气氛十分活跃而又非常融洽的聚会。中间休息时，杨尚昆不露声色地同美军观察组负责人提及了这件事。杨尚昆说：“我们有一批指挥员早些时候从前线回到了延安，现在急于要返回太行山麓参加对日的最后一战，目前我们自己的交通工具有限，时间又紧，能否借你们的飞机将这些指挥员送到前线去？”因为是试探，老到的杨尚昆自然没有将这批指挥员的姓名、职务及其他有关情况透露出去。没想到，美军观察组负责人非常爽快，竟连他的上司都没有请示就毫不犹豫地答应了下来。 1945年8月25日，美制道格拉斯运输机停靠在延安城郊东关机场上。 叶剑英、杨尚昆早早就来到机场。事先接到通知的刘伯承、邓小平、林彪、陈毅、薄一波、滕代远、陈赓、肖劲光、杨得志、邓华、李天佑、江华、聂鹤亭、陈锡联、陈再道、王近山、张际春、宋时轮、傅秋涛、邓克明等20位各战区的主帅陆续来到飞机舷梯旁。这些将领们一个个十分高兴，似乎心里都在说，好家伙！没有枪，没有炮，敌人给我们造。没有飞机，美国也借给我们。真是天助我也！他们背上降落伞，整理好行装，准备登机。 一架普普通通的外国飞机一下子集结了这么多的高级将领，这在我党我军历史上是绝无仅有的。也只有毛泽东、周恩来和党中央才有如此大的勇气和胆略。叶剑英、杨尚昆在机场与奔赴前线的将领亲切握手话别，反复说的是“一路平安”。可以看出，这次飞行在他们的心中占有着多么重的分量。 随着螺旋桨的转动，飞机开始滑行，不一会儿便顺利起飞了。飞机升到天空，叶剑英、杨尚昆的心也随之悬了起来。他俩同时在心底里默默祝福：愿马克思的在天之灵保佑，千万别出事，这架飞机上的人可都是我党我军的精英啊！他们的命运与国家、民族的命运是联系在一起的啊！ 叶剑英、杨尚昆在焦急地等待着！毛泽东、周恩来在焦急地等待着！党中央、中央军委最高统帅部在焦急地等待着！时间在一分一秒地走过，人们的心在一上一下地跳动。经过4个小时左右的飞行，飞机终于安全、平稳地降落在指定机场。 太行军区迅速将飞机已安全着陆的情况报告给了延安。到这时，叶剑英、杨尚昆才放下心来。他俩很快地又报告给了正在焦急等待中的毛泽东和周恩来。听到这一消息，毛泽东、周恩来终于松了口气。两位老战友四目相视，双手情不自禁地紧紧握在了一起。几乎同时发出赞叹声：叶剑英、杨尚昆为我党我军立了大功啊！ 后来，叶剑英、杨尚昆又巧借这架飞机，把聂荣臻、肖克、罗瑞卿、刘澜涛、郑位三等高级将领和张闻天、高岗、李富春等党政要员分别送往山西灵丘和东北地区。 历史将永远记住中央外事组与美军观察组的成功合作！ 中央经略东北的战略决策激荡起各地将领的勃勃雄心和一腔热血，他们纷纷上书要求前往关外，威名远扬的许世友甚至准备开小差要求到东北去。 当时，他任山东军区司令员兼海运总指挥，经他的手，将6万多大军从海上运往辽西葫芦岛，而自己却迟迟未接到出发的命令，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁团团转。焦心之至，他找到即将北上的肖华，说：“现在往东北运兵，看样子东北要打大仗，我求你让我跟你们一起到东北去。” 肖华感到好笑：“你一个大司令，怎么能说走就走？” 许世友一瞪眼睛，满不在乎地说：“那有什么！你随便给个官当当，官大官小无所谓，只要有仗打就行。” 肖华劝道：“你别乱弹琴了，几万部队渡海，没有你许司令，船从哪里来？棉衣从哪里来？” 许世友粗中有细，早就做了准备：“船和棉衣都安排妥当了，没有我，别人一样指挥。实话告诉你，我已经给自己准备了一套黑棉衣。” 肖华见他犯了倔劲，安慰道：“我也是刚接到开赴东北的命令，没准你那套棉衣还能派上用途。” 话说到这份上，许世友只好心有不甘地嘱咐道：“那好，我就耐心地等吧。”谁知等到东北解放，他也没有接到去东北的命令。 熊式辉的“接收东北计划方案”，实际上就是蒋介石最初抢占东北的战略。蒋批准熊的“方案”并委任熊为东北行营主任之后，就马不停蹄地开始了战略行动，第一步棋是选任杜聿明去东北任东北保安司令长官。 最初，蒋介石有意让张治中出任东北保安司令，但熊式辉表示反对。他自己跑去对杜聿明说：“根据'中苏友好条约'的规定，我们很快就可以收复东北，东北沦陷区将比华北、华中、华南收复的还要早。老头子已内定要我担任东北行营主任，军事由张治中负责。我和张治中合作不来，老头子说可以另选人。如果光亭（杜聿明的别号）兄能够同意的话，我这就去向老头子建议。” 熊式辉的话说得杜聿明（国民党军东北保安司令）怦然心动，但嘴上却假意推却说：“东北军事重要，外交错综复杂，我这个不学无术经验不足的人恐怕难以胜任。” 熊式辉知道杜聿明说的是客套话，回去就向蒋介石推荐杜聿明出任东北保安司令。恰在此时，杜聿明奉蒋介石的命令把“云南王”龙云赶下了台，但他自己在昆明也待不下去了。于是，蒋介石顺水推舟，于10月16日任命杜聿明为东北保安司令长官。 杜聿明，字光亭，1904年1月28日生于陕西米脂县东区杜家湾一个地主家庭。1924年3月，杜聿明考取了黄埔军校第一期，与陈赓、李仙洲、侯镜如、黄杰、关麟征等为同学。杜聿明在第四次“围剿”中因攻占霍丘城有功，升为少将副师长。长城抗战古北口战役中，他代替负伤的师长关麟征指挥全师与日军血战三天三夜，以伤亡4000人的代价给日寇以沉重打击，表现出良好的指挥才能。1939年夏，新十一军改编为第五军，年仅34岁的杜聿明被任命为第五军军长。1939年冬，杜聿明率第五军参加了着名的昆仑关战役，与日军血战18天，展示了机械化兵团作战的威力，取得了最后胜利，杜聿明也因此成为抗战名将。1942年，杜聿明任中国远征军第一路军司令长官，指挥第五军、第六军进入缅甸，在同古保卫战中第二○○师与日军血战11昼夜，歼日军5000余人，为中国远征军赢得了荣誉。1943年初，杜聿明从印度奉调回国，之后，奉蒋介石之命把“云南王”龙云赶下台。杜聿明虽被任命为第五集团军总司令兼昆明防守司令，统辖云南境内的5个军，但云南的部队对他都恨之入骨，因此，当蒋介石任命他为东北保安司令长官时，他欣然接受。 在杜聿明被任命为东北保安司令长官后的第四天，蒋介石把他找去，指示说：“你到长春去与苏军接洽，要他们根据'中苏条约'掩护国军在东北各港口登陆，接收领土主权。” 1945年10月24日，杜聿明按照蒋介石的吩咐，先到南京拜见何应钦。何应钦十分头