Chapter 6 Chapter 5 Siege of Zhangjiakou

When Guo Jingyun's thirty-fifth army was wiped out, the Zhangjiakou army panicked and completely lost the confidence to stand firm.The defenders of the Kuomintang army in Zhangjiakou mainly include: Sun Lanfeng’s 11th Corps Headquarters and Yuan Qingrong’s 105th Army, under the jurisdiction of the 210th, 251st, 259th Division, and the Independent 318th Division , Reorganized the fifth and eleventh cavalry brigades, the third, fourth, and fifth security regiments of Chahar Province, with a total of more than 60,000 people. The troops that our army participated in encircling Zhangjiakou were the first, second, and sixth columns of the Third North China Corps and the fourth column of the Beiyue Military Region, with more than 100,000 besieging troops.

When Fu Zuoyi heard that the 35th Army was destroyed, and Guo Jingyun, the general who had fought for it for many years, committed suicide, he couldn't help crying.Fu's family started from the thirty-fifth army.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he relied on the 35th Army to expand his strength and occupied the vast areas of Re, Cha and Sui.After Japan surrendered, he rapidly expanded his military power based on the divisions of the 35th Army until he formed a military group with 1 corps, 4 armies, and more than 20 divisions. Now, the situation has changed suddenly. The original 35th Army was wiped out, and the 104th Army, which was expanded from one division of the 35th Army, was also wiped out in Huailai. The 105th Army was also on the brink of destruction in Zhangjiakou. In order to preserve this army, at 6 pm on December 22, he sent a telegram to Sun Lanfeng, commander of the 11th Corps, and Yuan Qingrong, commander of the 105th Army, saying: It has been lost, and Commander Guo heroically died in the line of duty. It is confirmed that the communist army is about to attack Zhangjiakou. Here is a secret order: Sun Lanfeng and Yuan Qingrong, immediately lead the Zhangshi defenders to break out of the siege and retreat to Suiyuan. Yuan Qingrong will command the breakout operation.”

After receiving Fu Zuoyi's telegram, Sun Lanfeng believed that this was a very important matter, and success or failure depended on one action. The division, brigade commander, and civil affairs director should be called together to study the breakout plan.Yuan Qingrong expressed his objection for fear that the secrets would be leaked if people talk too much.The two of them discussed in a hurry and decided to break out at dawn on December 24.Due to haste, Yuan Qingrong, who was specifically responsible for implementing the breakout plan, did not know whether he was negligent or intentional. He did not notify the Zhangjiakou City Police Commander Jin Shuke of the breakout plan and time.

On the morning of December 24, Jin Shuke gave a "flag-raising speech" to the personnel of the police headquarters as usual, boasting: "Our army went out last night and won a complete victory. There is absolutely no problem in defending Zhangjiakou." At this moment, Zhangjiakou City Police Chief Yin Yanying suddenly ran and said, "I have something urgent to report to the commander." Jin Shuke let Yin Yanying into the office, and Yin Yanying said in a panic before she could sit still: "The army started to retreat last night! Don't you know?" Jin Shuke said in astonishment: "Who said this? How could such a thing happen! How can it be said that it is a retreat when the troops are attacking? How can I not know about such a big thing as the retreat of the troops?"

Yin Yanying said: "The situation is absolutely true. All the sub-bureaus have reported. The army destroyed all the carts and took away the family members. If it was an attack, why would they destroy the carts and take the family members?" Jin Shuke couldn't help but not believe Yin Yanying's words, so he hurried to the headquarters of the 11th Corps to meet Sun Lanfeng.As soon as he entered the gate, he saw officers and soldiers of the Corps Headquarters packing their luggage and waiting for orders.Jin Shuke asked Sun Lanfeng angrily: "Why did you decide to retreat without notifying us?"

Sun Lanfeng pretended to be ignorant and said: "Didn't Commander Yuan tell you? I don't know the details. It was entirely planned by Commander Yuan. I don't think he didn't inform you, but because he hasn't made a final decision. When Commander Yuan left He told me on the phone: He will take the troops to fight first. If we can fight, we will retreat; I'll let you know when Commander Yuan calls." Jin Shuke was so angry that he couldn't say a word, so he turned and left.He was afraid that Sun Lanfeng would leave him and sneak away, so he sent a staff officer to the headquarters of the 11th Corps to investigate the movement.Near noon, the staff officer ran back out of breath and reported: "Commander Sun and the troops from the Corps Headquarters have left the city."

Jin Shuke hurriedly said to the adjutant and the guards: "Pack up your luggage quickly and retreat immediately." Judging the direction of the enemy's breakout is a very important command task. Based on the situation of the PLA's strength at that time, Commander Yang Chengwu of the Third Corps worked with relevant comrades to draw up an action plan: to deploy the second column and the first column to the west and southwest In the north, Yang Chengwu ordered the sixth column and the third brigade of the first column to make preparations to block the charge of the enemy group according to the mountain and danger.In addition, the rest of the troops have also made corresponding operational arrangements.

For the convenience of commanding, without wasting time, and without losing opportunities, Commander Yang opened a Corps Advance Command Post on the West Taiping Mountain on the night of the 22nd. Just after midnight, an hour into the 23rd, the enemy moved.Yang Chengwu directly observed the enemy's active Zhenghou outside the Dajing Gate, and Liu Zong also called to report that the enemy showed signs of breaking out of the Dajing Gate to the north.At the same time, the Second Column reported that enemy cavalry were found in the east of Kongjiazhuang and Dayang Hebei, and the enemy showed signs of breaking out to the southwest.

Commander Yang immediately ordered the Sixth Column to block the north ditch of Dajingmen; he also ordered the Second Column to keep a close watch on the enemy to prevent the enemy from turning southwest and then westward. As expected, the enemy cavalry broke through to the southwest, was blocked head-on by the second column, and fought fiercely.At this time, the cavalry had discovered that their boss's breakout plan was to let the infantry go out of the Dajingmen to the north, and let them turn southwest and west, in order to attract the firepower and troops of the People's Liberation Army in order to break out to the north.

The enemy's breakout was due to hasty organization, inconsistent command, battles between horses and horses, chaotic formation, crowding and trampling each other, blocked roads, and slow movements. Then, there was a booming boom from the bottom of the mountain!The shells exploded in the positions of the third brigades of Xidianzi and Chaotianwa.Some shells directly hit the fortifications, but those fortifications stood still, solid as a rock.It was cold outside the Great Wall, and the ground was as frozen as rocks, so there was no way to dig. They built fortifications with stones and poured water on them. The water and stones froze together, making them as strong as reinforced concrete.At the end of the more than 20-mile long ditch, several fence walls with a width of 300 meters, a height of 2 meters and a thickness of 3 meters have been formed.

Commander Yang turned his binoculars to the command post of the third brigade commander Zhang Kaijing. Zhang Kaijing's command post is located on a small hill next to Chaotianwa.The dense artillery shells flickered with fire, and after only a few tens of seconds, the black smoke screen was connected into one piece, completely covering the area. Our army launched a charge to Zhangjiakou If you live on the river beach and look at it, it seems to be right under your nose, and you can see it clearly without binoculars.Dude, the enemy is desperate and desperate.From Dajingmen, along the river beach and highway, there are people everywhere.Enemy cavalry, infantry, artillery, camel teams, and baggage horses huddled together like they were going to a temple fair, and the entire army of the enemy rushed here.The attacking enemy, led by a few Kuomintang flags, rushed towards the third brigade's position densely, driven by the supervisory team wielding big knives.It seems that the enemy is determined to fight to the death, and must kill a bloody way! In response to the enemy's situation, Yang Chengwu issued orders to encircle and wipe out the enemy: the third brigade sticks to the positions of Xidianzi and Chaotianwa; the second column attacks from Huangtuling to Dajingmen; Zi, Hannuoba, Dianmenkou, Guangtuba and its southeast areas constitute the second and third blockade lines; Dongye Sizong has a brigade inserted into Chaotianwa, southeast of Xidianzi, and the Six Columns (including one vertical and three Brigade) formed a north-south pincer attack; the other two brigades, together with the first and second columns, attacked Zhangjiakou City from the southeast and southwest.In this way, a net is formed, which puts the enemy in a desperate situation.However, it will take time for the troops to reach the designated place from the current position. The order stipulates that all intercepting and flanking troops will arrive at the designated place at 10:00 p.m. that day. From the time the order was issued until 10:00 p.m., the entire day had to be spent. During this time, the three brigades that were fighting frontally had to bear all the pressure. The Third Brigade is an old force with a glorious history.The brigade commander Zhang Kaijing was a veteran party member in 1927. During the hard years after the Long March of the Red Army, he persisted in the three-year guerrilla war in the old Soviet area of ​​Fujian and Jiangxi; during the Anti-Japanese War, he opened up the Jiangbei base area and commanded three The company successfully resisted the attack of the "Loyalty and National Salvation Army" and wiped out the enemies several times its size.A few years ago, he was transferred from the Yan'an Party School to Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei, where he served as the chief of staff of any column and later as the commander of the third brigade.This blocking battle was a severe test for the Third Brigade and for the newly appointed Brigadier Zhang Kaijing. As soon as the artillery fire ceased, the enemy attacked the Xidianzi and Chaotianwa positions of the third brigade with two divisions. The enemy's first group charge was repelled, and the second time, it was two more divisions.In such a narrow area, it is really rare to invest so many troops.Compared with the blocking forces of the two battalions of the People's Liberation Army, the disparity is too great. The enemy entered the depression sixty to seventy meters in front of the company's position, and suddenly lay down and did not move.At the same time, an enemy appeared on the hill on the right side of the company.The mountain top was condescending, and it was originally a blank spot.From there, the enemy suppressed the company with machine guns, mortars, and howitzers. In an instant, the company's position was filled with smoke.At this time, the enemies lying in the depression in front of the position swarmed up and attacked.A company of commanders and fighters still dropped bombs bravely.Regardless of the casualties, the enemy fell in front and followed up behind.On that small slope, the grenade kept ringing, and the smoke from the grenade explosion blocked people's sight.When the sound of the explosion subsided and the smoke gradually dispersed, the entire slope was covered with corpses, one next to the other, or even several pressed together.However, the position is still in the hands of a company of warriors! After repelling the enemy's charge, there were not many bullets, grenades, and 60 shells left in the company. Before they could catch their breath, the enemy on the right hill swooped down again.They waited in the position without firing a bullet. Finally, when the enemy came to a distance of six or seven meters, the two sides were only separated by a stone wall, and the enemy's wheezing and wheezing could be heard. The enemy commander shouted: "There's no one inside, go!" "I'll let you charge!" The deputy company commander of the first company fired his gun, and the guy opened his arms and fell on his back.The remaining enemies, in the absence of a leader, scrambled for their lives and scattered away.One bullet repelled the enemy's charge, not so much by firepower, but by the mighty power of our commanders and fighters.The enemy is really scared by our soldiers! This kind of miracle is not unique in the third brigade's blocking position. In the Daisan Yaozi position, there was a heroic deed of using a few grenades to capture a mountain from the enemy. The enemy was beaten dizzily in Xidianzi, so he had to draw out a division and a cavalry brigade to break into the Daisan Yaozi defended by the eighth and ninth companies of the Eighth Regiment.When the two sides were fighting fiercely, the enemy grabbed a commanding height next to the position, threatening the eighth and ninth companies.The battalion instructor handed over the task of regaining the commanding heights to the second platoon. The second platoon leader Hou Guozhong asked the instructor: "Is there any ammunition?" "Not much left!" Hou Guozhong saw the difficulties of the trainers, and mobilized the soldiers and said: "Who is a hero, who is a good man, it all depends on this! Even with grenades, we must resolutely take back this mountain!" They attack the enemy without any covering fire.They went up fiercely and quickly, and the enemy didn't notice until they were close to the top of the mountain. Hou Guozhong threw a few grenades at the enemy, and the enemy also threw grenades at them. They picked up the smoking grenades and threw them back. The enemy couldn't stand it. With such vigor, he slid down the mountain in a panic, and regained the commanding heights! On December 24, 1948, Zhangjiakou City returned to the hands of the people.This is our army entering Dajingmen On the position of the third company, heroic feats of the "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain" emerged.Zhao Peng, the deputy instructor of the third company, was seriously injured, and still led the seriously injured soldiers Zhang Kai, Zhao Gui, Zhang Fa, Song Yuxiang, etc., to fight with the enemies who rushed into the position from three sides.Fighting to the last bullet, they smashed their weapons and shouted "Long live the Communist Party!"Together they rolled down a cliff more than 1,000 meters deep.The second battalion of the regiment took advantage of the favorable terrain of Chaotianwa, and under the leadership of the instructor Zhang Bo, they faced the battle calmly. More than 10 people still insist on fighting.The fortifications were destroyed by artillery fire, so they used the bomb crater as a cover to fight steadily until dusk. There were only more than 70 people left in the battalion, and they still stood firm on their positions. At 17:00, the enemy continued to attack our Ulahadasi Mountain and Huangtuyao positions, but they were all repelled by the 3rd and 17th Brigades.At this time, the enemy's offensive momentum has been greatly reduced.The People's Liberation Army firmly controlled the front-line positions of Foshan, Taolai Temple, and Huangtuyaozi, blocking all roads for the enemy who attempted to break through to the north. Suddenly, gunshots broke out in Zhangjiakou City. The first and second columns of North China and the fourth column of Dongye had rushed into Zhangjiakou City, and chased them out of Dajingmen, cutting off the enemy at the waist and capturing more than ten thousand enemies.In this way, the front was blocked and the rear was intercepted, and finally tens of thousands of enemies were compressed and surrounded in a narrow ditch 20 miles long outside Dajingmen, Chaotianwa, and Xidianzi.The enemy's vehicles and horses scrambled for the road, the cavalry trampled the infantry, the carts overturned into the crowd, and a large group of cars that could not move were burned, the flames shot up into the sky, people screamed and horses neighed, and there was a mess.Although the enemy is still rushing from east to west, running from south to north, struggling desperately, but the organizational system has become chaotic, they have lost their combat effectiveness, and are in a desperate situation! As the night falls, the outlines of mountains, forest belts, villages, rivers and other scenery become more and more blurred, and finally merge into one.This is the last dark cold night in Zhangjiakou. On December 24, the People's Liberation Army launched a full-scale encirclement and annihilation campaign against the enemy.At dawn, the People's Liberation Army, with the full support of the people of Zhangjiakou, which had been tempered by the war, and the strong cooperation of the militia, launched a full-line attack, encircling and annihilating one by one.The second vertical attacked from north to northwest of Dajingmen; the sixth vertical attacked from north to south from Chaotianwa to the north of Dajingmen; the northeast fourth vertical attacked from southeast to northwest from Chaotianwa.Due to the rapid actions of the People's Liberation Army, the enemy was attacked wherever they fled, making it almost impossible for the enemy to parry, and tens of thousands of enemies became prisoners.By 3 p.m., after annihilating about 1 division of the last enemy guarding Ulahada Beishan, the battle was declared a victory. In the Battle of Zhangjiakou, except for Sun Lanfeng, the commander of the enemy's 11th Corps, who fled disguised as a cook and fled with a few entourages, all 55,000 enemies who broke through the encirclement were wiped out.Among them, there were 50,390 prisoners, and more than 10,300 enemies were wiped out in peripheral operations, for a total of 65,000 enemies.Among the captured enemies, there were 13 general-level officers, 410 guns, 16,480 guns, 423 vehicles, and 2,435 horses.The PLA suffered 2,900 casualties. At 24:00 on the 24th, the Central Military Commission sent a congratulatory message to the Second and Third North China Corps: "Congratulations on your great victory in annihilating the two enemies of Xinbaoan and Zhangjiakou within a few days and regaining Zhangjiakou." On December 28, this was the fourth day after the liberation of Zhangjiakou.At 9 a.m., Yang Dezhi, commander of the Second North China Corps, Luo Ruiqing, political commissar, Yang Chengwu, commander of the Third Corps, and Li Tianhuan, deputy political commissar, formally met with Yuan Qingrong, commander of the 105th Army, the commander-in-chief of the enemy army in Zhangjiakou, in an office on the east hillside of Zhangjiakou. On December 22, after the liberation of Xinbaoan, the North China Second Corps was ordered to march west and return to Sui. The troops passed by Zhangjiakou, and Yang Dezhi and Luo Ruiqing stayed in Zhangjiakou for a day or two.Yang Chengwu broke up with Yang and Luo from Yeshanpo, Yang and Luo advanced to the east of Jidong, and Yang Chengwu led his troops south to Zijingguan. These two forces were later organized into the second and third corps, and under the direct command of the Central Military Commission, they carried out strategic containment tasks and held back The 600,000 enemies in North China under the command of Fu Zuoyi were unable to get out of the customs and cooperated with the Liaoshen Campaign. It has been nearly half a year without knowing it.This meeting, the old comrades-in-arms talked about farewell and victory, and they were in a happy and comfortable mood.When they talked about Yuan Qingrong, they all wanted to meet him.So, Yang Chengwu called the Minister of Enemy Works and asked him to arrange. Not long after his arrival, the head of the enemy industry department brought Yuan Qingrong to him, followed by two heavily armed PLA soldiers. Yuan Qingrong, in his 40s, is not tall, with a square face, slightly dark complexion, a beard, and a rather depressed expression.Dressed in a soldier uniform, he stood dumbly, losing his usual arrogance and arrogance. The Minister of Enemy Works pointed to him and introduced: "This is the commander who fought against us, Mr. Yuan Qingrong, Lieutenant General of the 105th Army." Our army was warmly welcomed by the people on the streets of Zhangjiakou Then, the Minister of Enemy Works introduced the names and positions of the four leaders to him. Yuan Qingrong didn't speak, just sighed. Yang Chengwu pointed to the stool and said, "Please sit down." He sat down.The atmosphere was a little tense at first, but it eased after a while. The four leaders asked him to talk about his impressions of this battle. He lamented: "After Zhangjiakou and Xinbao were surrounded by your army, I know that the future is not optimistic. But the headquarters still ordered the two places to stand by and not to act without authorization. In order to understand the situation in time, since the situation became tense, The telegram communication never stopped. When the communication between the two places was suddenly interrupted at 5:00 pm on the 21st, I personally ordered the radio station to pay close attention to the situation of the new security guards, and immediately reported to me if any call signs were found. Unfortunately, unfortunately, no voice could be heard Arrived." He kept shaking his head, paused for a while, and continued: "Then your army launched a general attack on Zhangjiakou. According to the order of the headquarters, we immediately organized a breakout. We thought that the main force of your army was deployed in the west, so we went out Jingmen broke out to the north. In order to contain the main force of your army, I ordered cavalry, cars, and carts to break out westward. Unexpectedly, the breakout was frustrated, and they turned to the big mirror gate. This was a mess! People stopped the car, and the car blocked it. Without people, it is difficult for horses to run, and people cannot run, the system is chaotic, and the command fails..." Speaking of this, he spread his hands, shook his head and added with a sigh: "That's it, the situation is over, the situation is out of control, and the whole army was wiped out. At the same time, your army moved too fast. In less than a day, all the troops turned to the north. Already!" Yuan Qingrong's confession truly revealed the root cause of Zhangjiakou's enemy's failure. The enemies of Xinbaoan and Zhangjiakou were quickly annihilated, and the main force of Fu Zuoyi's direct troops in North China was completely lost.The Sui line is all controlled by the People's Liberation Army. On December 26, "People's Daily" published an editorial celebrating the liberation of Zhangjiakou. The editorial pointed out that in October 1946, when the People's Liberation Army retreated from Zhangjiakou, it solemnly declared: "We are concentrating superior forces to destroy the enemy's vital forces. The faster we destroy his vital forces, the faster we will return. We must Come back to reunite with the people of Zhangjiakou, and now I have fulfilled my promise. The editorial emphasized that the recovery of Zhangjiakou and the annihilation of Fu Zuoyi's troops, "This is only the beginning of the Battle of Pingjin, and the war to completely wipe out Jiang Fu's bandit army is going on. If the Pingjin Jiang Fu bandit army does not surrender, it will have to wait for All were wiped out." On December 30, 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a "Great Victory Telegram" to the North China Front. The full text is as follows: "Comrades Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen, Bo Yibo and all comrades of the Northeast People's Liberation Army and the North China People's Liberation Army: "After occupying Shenyang and completing the great task of liberating the entire Northeast, our powerful Northeast People's Liberation Army immediately marched towards North China and joined with the North China People's Liberation Army to divide and encircle all the enemy forces in Fu Zuoyi's system one by one by means of surprise. And within a short period of time, 14 entire divisions of the enemy's regular army were wiped out, and Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao, Luanxian, Tangshan, Lutai, Junliangcheng, Gubeikou, Miyun, Huairou, Shunyi, Tongxian, Zhangjiakou, Zhangbei, Wanquan, Huaian, Xuanhua, Zhuolu, Xinbao, Huailai, Nankou, Changping, Mentougou, Nanyuan, Fengtai, Wanping, Changxindian, Liangxiang, Fangshan, Zhuoxian, Daxing, Langfang, Wujing, Anci, Jinghai and other cities, important towns, and vast villages have put the enemy forces in Beiping, Tianjin, and Tanggu into the siege of our army. If they do not surrender, they will be wiped out by me. All these great achievements are worthy of congratulations. I hope you Continue to work hard and fight for the complete annihilation of the bandit army and the liberation of Pingjin!" In the early morning of December 25, in Fu Zuoyi's office in Jurentang, Zhongnanhai, Fu Zuoyi finished reading an "excerpt of the news of the day", slowly tore up the excerpt with his hands, separated his five fingers, and inserted them deeply into his hair. Fu Zuoyi is now experiencing the greatest pain he has ever experienced in his life!His trembling right hand picked up a toothpick, stuffed it into his mouth furiously, chewed his teeth vigorously, stretched out his left hand to the desk, and swept everything on the desk to the ground. The sound in the room alarmed Duan Qingwen, the adjutant in the outer room.He pushed the door open to dissuade Fu Zuoyi.Fu Zuoyi shook off Duan's hand and staggered towards the bedroom.He hit the door frame and fell to the floor.Duan Qingwen called out "Come on!"Two personal guards broke into the door and helped Duan lift Fu up.Fu burst into tears and lost control of his spirit.Amidst the cries, he muttered to himself from time to time: "It's over, it's over, it's all over, and political life is over!" What news did he watch just now?What news could make him so sad, miserable, and make him feel pessimistic that "everything is over"? At dawn today, Fu's press secretary listened to the Xinhua News Agency's broadcast. In the name of "authorities," the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced that 43 people headed by Chiang Kai-shek were the most heinous war criminals. Fu Zuoyi's name was also among them, ranking 31st.As usual, the press secretary recorded this news and put it on Fu's desk together with other recorded news before going to work. When Fu Zuoyi saw the news, he was shocked like a bolt from the blue.Fu Zuoyi was afraid that after the peaceful settlement of the Pingjin issue, he would not get the Communist Party's understanding. When the news came, he believed that his concerns were correct and well-founded, not just subjective speculation.He even regretted sending someone out of town to negotiate. In the past three or four days, the sudden change in the battle situation of Pingjin made Fu Zuoyi worried and lived like a year. On the afternoon of December 21, as soon as the North China Second Corps mopped up the outer perimeter of Xinbao, Fu Zuoyi felt as if he was sitting on pins and needles. He didn't want to eat or sleep. The battle ended with the annihilation of the thirty-fifth army. Then, in order to preserve his strength, he immediately sent a telegram to Sun Lanfeng and Yuan Qingrong, telling them that the 35th Army had been wiped out in Xinbaoan, and that the PLA was about to attack Zhangjiakou. He secretly ordered the camera to break through and retreat to Suiyuan. On the 24th, Zhangjiakou's breakout enemies were completely wiped out again, and Fu Zuoyi's old foundation-the 35th Army, 104th Army, and 105th Army were all wiped out.In Fu Zuoyi's political career, this cannot but be said to be a top priority, an extremely important event.So for a few days, Ji Zhi didn't eat or drink, and closed the door to thank the guests. He stayed in the room alone, heartbroken and remorseful. Jin Shuke, the major general deputy commander of the Kuomintang Chaha Provincial Security Command, Zhangjiakou City Garrison Commander, and Zhangyuan District Defense Commander, was captured when we liberated Zhangjiakou.After the founding of New China, he gave a brief review of the battle under the title "The Documentary of the Annihilation of Zhangjiakou by the Kuomintang Army", and some excerpts are as follows: On the morning of December 19th, Fu Zuoyi sent an urgent telegram to Sun Lanfeng, Yuan Qingrong, and me, ordering more than a thousand soldiers to be recruited from the Zhangjiakou Self-Defense Force to supplement the vacancies of the 105th Army.Sun immediately summoned me and Yuan to study.Since I mobilized the self-defense team to join the security regiment in March and April, I will never recruit from Zhang Yuan again.Now it's hard for me to show up.I want to take one from each of the local security regiments in Xuanhua and other counties who fled to the city to make up for it.But the county magistrates do not agree.Yuan Qingrong asked to allocate two battalions from the two security regiments.The security team was organized by me and trained by me personally.Is my main city defense force, I strongly disagree.In the end, it was decided that the Security Headquarters would order Yin Yanying, the police chief of the provincial capital, to gather the city's self-defense forces in the large playground of the "Chagan Regiment", and the 105th Army would send personnel to select more than a thousand people from them.At that time, it was explained that the team members who participated in military service were given two stones of millet and one foot and five feet of cotton cloth at home for the purpose of settling down.During the selection process, the family members of the self-defense team members rushed over after hearing the news. The father wanted a son, the son wanted a father, and the wife wanted a husband, crying and cursing. At 12:00 on the night of the 20th, Cheng Yunian, Chief of Staff of the 105th Army, Han Tianchun, Commander of the 251st Division, Guo Jitang, Commander of the 259th Division, Jiao Daran, Chief of Staff of the Chahar Provincial Security Command, and myself were 5 people (They are all fellow villagers of Shangdang, Shanxi Province, have been good friends for many years, and have been in close contact with each other), held a secret meeting in my office, and made some analysis of the current situation: they believed that the Beiping army was surrounded, the new security guards could not break through, Zhangjiakou was besieged by heavy troops, If you can't support each other, you will be defeated by each other in the end.The opinions of Cheng Yunian and Jiao Daran, the two Chiefs of Staff, are: Judging from the current battle situation, failure is a foregone conclusion, and no one can reverse it. There are only two ways out in the future, either to die in battle or to be captured. Death in battle is too worthless. In the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, he did not die on the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War. To die in the civil war today is really meaningless.He has fought many civil wars with the Communist Party. Although he is a brother, he has become an enemy.If you become a prisoner, you will suffer humiliation, and even suffer bad consequences. They advocate talking to the Communist Party for a peace uprising, and they are willing to push me as the leader (because I am the deputy commander of the security of Chahar Province) to lead two regular divisions, 1 security division (with 3 regiments) and Zhangjiakou City 2 More than 10,000 self-defense team members negotiated an uprising with the Communist Party.Han Tianchun disagreed with this.Han said: "When Commander-in-Chief Fu guarded Zhuozhou, I served as a trainee platoon leader in Fu's department. I have been with Fu until now and became a division commander. In the early years of guarding Zhuozhou, it was so difficult, and I never surrendered to the Fengjun. Today I must not betray Fu. Communist Party, our actions should be determined by the combat situation and the fate of Commander-in-Chief Fu. For example, when the Communist Army besieged Beiping and our army failed to defend the city, Commander-in-Chief Fu left Peiping by plane like Wei Lihuang, and we have no leader. , then I agree to lead us to negotiate an uprising with the Communist Party led by Shu Ke. If Commander-in-Chief Fu Zuoyi is not like Wei Lihuang, but resolutely fights to the end, then we will stick to Zhangshi and fight to the end.” Guo Jitang advocated : "No matter where we go, we must fight the Communist Party to the end. Fu Fei will fight to the end resolutely. Fu Fei is here, so it goes without saying. If it doesn't work in the end, you can go to the mountains to fight guerrillas, and you can't surrender to the Communist Party." After listening to the speeches of the four of them, I said: "What you said (because I am the youngest) is all right. Judging from the current situation, the defeat is indeed doomed and cannot be saved. Failure is only a matter of time! If you are defeated, you will either die in battle or be a prisoner. Not fighting and making peace is the way to survive. But I have been fighting with Commander-in-Chief Fu for eight years and fought dozens of battles with the Japanese devils. Commander-in-Chief Fu trained and educated us for many years, so how can we betray Fu Tougong and become his traitor? We must never go this way. I think Brother Shouwen (Han Tianchun's word)'s opinion is more appropriate and feasible. I very much agree. There is another special situation that I would like to tell my brothers..." So I told me what Fu told me when I returned to Zhang after attending the military expansion meeting in Beiping: "You don't need to worry about big things, just do what you are asked to do. , anyway, you will not be sacrificed in the end." After telling them, everyone thought that these few sentences were very meaningful and worth studying.Does Fu want to talk about peace with the Communist Party?Because Fu Zuoyi was a patriot. During the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, in order to defend the ancient capital Beiping, he fought in Huairou and sacrificed everything to fight against the Japanese invaders, preventing the Japanese from attacking Beiping and safeguarding the safety of the ancient capital.Fighting against the Communist army today will never let the ancient cultural capital be destroyed in the flames of war, and cause heavy losses in the lives and property of the fathers and brothers in Beiping City. It will definitely be resolved through peaceful negotiations.In the end, it was decided that the five people would depend on each other and act in concert.If Fu talks about peace with the Communist Party in Beiping, we will follow the uprising together. If we are asked to stick to Zhangjiakou, we will fight to the end without hesitation.In addition, it also mentioned that if the Communist Army attacked Beiping first, Fu Zuoyi would fly away like Wei Lihuang!We joined the uprising together and followed the Communist Party.And to contact at any time, adhere to consistent action. On December 22, the Thirty-fifth Army was annihilated in the Xinbaoan Army.At about 8 a.m. that day, Fu Zuoyi called Sun Lanfeng: "At 10 a.m. this morning, a military plane flew to Zhang Shenwu (manager of the Bank of Chahar Province), Cao Chaoyuan (name Shanchu, Land and Grain Department of Chahar Province) Chief), Bai Baojin (Chief of the Finance Department of Chahar Province) came to Pingding by this plane, and hope to inform first." After the three left, public opinion was uproarious. On the afternoon of the 22nd, Fu Zuoyi called Sun Lanfeng and Yuan Qingrong, telling them that the 35th Army had been wiped out in Xinbaoan, and that the PLA was about to attack Zhangjiakou. The secret order was: "Break out the siege and retreat to Suiyuan." Yuan Qingrong was in charge of the military command department. For the sake of secrecy, a meeting of army chiefs was not convened to study the breakout plan, that is, the whole army decided to break out from outside Dajingmen and retreat in the direction of Shangdu.He only found a few divisions and brigade commanders, gave some verbal instructions, and started to act. Yuan Qingrong also gave me a notice before the operation that day, to the effect that the People's Liberation Army on the outskirts of Zhang City is a great threat to our army. Tonight, the 259th Division was ordered to conduct a "sweep" near Dajingmen, hoping that the city defense troops would strictly defend and take cameras to support the attacking troops.I believed it and deployed it. At about 11 o'clock that night, Wang Huazhuo, the branch director of the National Jue Central News Agency (a member of the Central Union spy), who did not come and go frequently on weekdays, called me and told me: "100,000 Japanese troops have landed in Tanggu tonight to help us eliminate the Communist army. , there will be a big decisive battle in North China." At that time, I concluded that this was a spies spreading rumors.The night passed, and at 7 o'clock the next day (23rd), I "raised the flag and gave a speech" as usual, and said to the personnel of the headquarters and the troops directly under it: "Our army attacked last night, and Zhang Yuan's defense is absolutely no problem." At 7 o'clock, I was in the conference room as usual Listen to reports from various departments.At the beginning of the report, Yin Yanying, the police chief of the provincial capital, suddenly opened the door and came in. He said in a panic, "I have something urgent to report to the commander." I went to the office with him, and before we sat down, he said, "The troops started to retreat last night. Lah! Don’t you know?” I said, “Who said that? How could such a thing happen! The troops are attacking, so how can they be said to be retreating? How can I not know that the troops are retreating?” He said : "The situation is absolutely true, all branches have reported. The troops destroyed the carts, and some people took away their families. If it was an attack, why did they destroy the carts and take away their families?" I hurried to the 11th Corps The headquarters went to see Sun Lanfeng.As soon as I entered the gate, I saw that people in the courtyard had packed their luggage and were on standby.I questioned Sun Lanfeng: "Why did the troops retreat long ago and haven't informed us yet?" Sun said, "Didn't Xinran tell you? I don't know much about the details. It was entirely planned by Xinran. I don't think Xinran didn't inform you." , but because the final decision has not yet been made. Xinran said to me on the phone when he left: "He will take the troops to fight first. If they can fight, we will decide to retreat. If they can't fight, they will come back and stick to it.Notifying you too early is afraid of commotion in the city, which will affect the city defense. I will notify you when Xinran calls. "I was so angry that I couldn't even speak. After I returned to the headquarters, I immediately notified all the city defense forces: except for a small number of security forces to cover the retreat, the rest gathered at the foot of the east hill outside Dajingmen to stand by, and first sent a liaison officer there to receive orders.At the same time, the relevant units in the city were notified by phone, and they were ready to retreat with the troops.But at this time, the various units were in chaos, and no one in charge could be found.After I dealt with the above situation urgently, I sent Chief of Staff Zhou Shuhua to the assembly point to contact the troops first, and learned about the situation of the 105th Army's breakout and retreat, and at the same time sent Staff Officer Gao Shihong to the Corps Headquarters to scout Sun Lanfeng's actions . I was thinking about how to break out of the encirclement and retreat, when Staff Officer Gao suddenly came back and said: "Commander Sun has left the city with the troops from the Corps Headquarters." I looked at my watch, it was 11 am. At this time, I suddenly remembered that on December 4th, Fu Zuoyi once said: "Make an 'honorary account' to the Communist Party. I immediately said to Chief of Staff Jiao Daran: "We will not retreat, and we can hold on for a while to see how the situation develops. No change (mainly depends on changes in Peking).Such an unplanned breakout retreat will definitely not break out.Instead of breaking out and being a prisoner, it is better to make an 'honorary confession' to the Communist Party, so as to avoid casualties of the army and losses of the people.What do you think? After thinking about it, Jiao said, "That's good, that's good. Did you betray Fu Zuoyi by doing this?" At this time, Master Han Tianchun suddenly came in and said, "Shuke, why don't you pack up and leave?" I said: "Since Sun and Yuan left us and left, I don't plan to leave!"I want to represent Chairman Fu Zuoyi to make an 'honorary confession' to the Communist Party? "Han said anxiously: "When is it, are you still playing childish temper?"Pack up and go!I'll wait for you on the east hill outside Dajingmen. ”并对我的副官和警卫员说：“赶快收拾行李放在马上撤走。 ”说完，他着急地走了。 当天下午2时，我率保安司令部人员及直属部队，沿东山坡马路经长清大桥到大境门时，在大马路上，碰到骑兵第十一旅副旅长郁传义，带着部队也往大境门走。我问他：“你们骑兵部队怎也由大境门外撤走？”郁说：“我们由南营房，七里茶房出去十多里路，听说暂十一师（即二五九师）已将退路打通，所以我们又来跟着步兵一齐撤走。”我一听，“噢！原来如此，那我们就一块走吧！” 行至大境门里时，碰见防空指挥部副指挥官王振宇正坐在一辆三轮卡车上等着我（王和我是日本东京陆军士官学校同学）。我们走到大境门外一看，连一条比较宽阔的行进路口都没有开辟出来，工事外边的铁丝网、鹿砦、地雷等一点也没有拔除。一个原为行人通路的小出入口，挤满了官兵，大家争先恐后，大队的骑、步兵走不出去，人喊马嘶，乱成一片。因踏响地雷而死伤的时有发生。 出大境门不到半公里，前面的部队又堵塞了。听到陶赖庙方面炮声大作，派员联络，得悉第一○五军遭到解放军阻击，突不出去，正在战斗中。这时前边的部队突不出去，后边的部队无法进。一条长达20多里的大境门外的山沟路上，部队好像进了条未封口的口袋，危险异常。我与韩天春研究，将部队重新作部署，便开始向崇礼方面突围前进了。 事后据第一○五军参谋长成于念对我说：袁庆荣在12月22日下午5时许，接到傅作义的突围撤退的密电后，独自一个人在地图旁边考虑了很长时间，然后决定先让第二五九师师长郭跻堂率该师于夜间9时许向大境门外作一次试探性的攻击，侦察一下围城兵力情况，如果能打开一条出路，就当晚全军突围，如攻击受挫，打不出去，再退回城内。由于第二五九师未遭到强大阻击，袁庆荣遂于当晚12时决定全军突围，向商都方向前进，结果遭致全军覆没。如果袁在接到傅的命令之后，召集师旅长以上干部共同研究一下突围撤退计划，并对突围的方向、路线、特别是步骑兵的协同配合等作一周善部署，绝不会一支部队也突围不出去，而遭致全军覆灭。那时的突围方向如果不选在大境门外至陶赖庙20多华里山谷口袋之中，而由七里茶房、沈家屯、杨家屯、老鸦庄之间地区突围，中间用铁甲车开道，两侧由骑兵掩护，再利用赐儿山的制高点火力支援，利用开阔地区向洗马林方向撤退，绝不会全军被歼。反之，事前既有突围不出回军坚守之决定，即应急速回军坚守张市，未有这样果断去做，实为失策。 当时的突围部署是：（1）令驻防张北附近的整编骑兵第十二旅鄂友三部，由张北附近出发向狼窝沟方面之解放军攻击，并于23日上午10时前占领该地，掩护张家口我军突围撤退。（2）令第二五九师郭跻堂部为前卫，由大境门外突围经狼窝沟同鄂旅会师，掩护全军通过后，改为后卫向商都转进。（3）令整编骑兵第五旅，整编骑兵第十一旅，由整编骑兵第五旅旅长卫景林统一指挥，由七里茶房向老鸦庄、沈家屯、杨家屯方向突围，经高庙堡、洗马岭一带向商都方向转进。（4）令第二五一师掩护全军突围后改为后卫，在本军后跟进，向商都转进。（5）其余为本部，按第二一○师、军司令部、等二五八师、新编张副元师（新兵师，人数不多，正式番号及装备尚未发给）之顺序，沿第二五九师撤退路线向商都方向撤退。为了保密，这一部署命令，除向整编骑兵第十十旅鄂友三部电报下达外，其余均未正式下达，书面命令，都是由袁庆荣将各部队长分别找来下达的口头命令。 这里将各路突围经过分述如下： （1）整编骑兵第五旅和整编骑兵第十一旅的突围经过。12月22日晚5时许，胡逢泰与卫景林领到袁庆荣的口头命令后，由于他们事先侦知解放军在老鸦庄、沈家屯一带筑有堑壕及其他防御工事，骑兵通过不易，便决定每旅各派1个团为前卫，分别由指定地点先打突围，打通出路，占领适当有利地形，掩护全旅撤退。并决定以连为单位，能突出去多少就算多少。当时卫景林旅派的是杨占山团，胡旅派的是张汉三团。两团在突围战斗中没有遭到强力阻击，比较顺利地到达郭磊庄附近，并占领有利地形。就在这时，卫景林从电话中偷听到袁庆荣给孙兰峰打电话说：“郭跻堂师已将大境门外的出路打通，大军可以即时通过。”这时卫景林一方面担心孤军出去，中途遭截击，难以走脱；一方面认为步兵的退路既已打通，骑兵即可在其后边安全撤退出去。于是遂改变计划，令已突围出去的在郭磊庄一带的杨占山、张汉三两团又复撤回张家口，经由下堡出大境门跟在步兵后边一同撤退。没有想到郭跻堂部并没有真的打通出路，而是在陶赖庙地区遭到解放军的强力阻击，用尽全力也没有打出去。结果整编骑兵第五旅随着第一○五军在陶赖庙附近地区被歼，整编骑兵第十一旅跟着我和韩天春所率的保安各团和第二五一师，在乌拉哈达以南山地被歼。只有卫景林因在突围前就准备好了便衣，临时化装市民逃往北平；当第二五一师和保安各团在乌拉哈达以南山地同山突破军战斗时，骑兵第十一旅张汉三团长，率200余骑兵乘隙绕山突围出去；卫旅杨占山团长，在陶赖庙地区，利用第一○五军和解放军激战时，率部百余名突围逃脱。 敌第三十五军被歼后，张家口守敌于12月24日急向张北方向突围，我军主力追击，歼灭敌5.4万余人。这是张家口外围的我军炮兵 （2）第一○五军在陶赖庙地区突围战斗经过。第一○五军前卫部队第二五九师郭跻堂部，22日夜10时出大境门向当面解放军作试探性的突围攻击，开始进展比较顺利。拂晓时先头部队进至陶赖庙附近地区，遭到解放军的强力阻击。该师虽猛攻多次，毫无进展，激战至上午9时，未前进一步。这时袁庆荣带着后续部队3个师赶到。袁令该师全力发起总攻，并令炮兵在陶赖庙通崇礼县的拐角路旁放炮，支援该师攻击，想迅速打通一条出路。不料解放军的兵力越打越多，愈战愈强，袁庆荣部陷于四面包围之中。孙兰峰赶来视察情况，经过与袁研究，决定集中炮兵火力，掩护攻击部队，实行强力突围（时已下午2时半）。孙还亲到炮兵阵地指挥炮兵射击，战斗非常激烈。同时孙还令骑兵部队进行冲锋。激战至下午5时许，仍无进展。这时，各级指挥人员均感突围已成泡影，便各想各的逃走办法，于是整个部队失去了掌握，数万大军四散奔逃。天将黄昏时，孙兰峰脱离战场，不知去向。袁庆荣也在天黑前和部队失去联络。其他各级指挥人员，也都乘天黑一个一个地溜之大吉。这时解放军到处猛冲，猛杀，并发起政治攻势，叫喊“缴枪不杀”、“优待俘虏”。就这样，一支傅作义的嫡系部队5万余人，经过一夜的战斗，于24日上午9时全部被歼。大卡车、小吉普，都推翻在沟里。成千匹骡马，到处嘶叫，遍地是武器、弹药、物资和成群的骆驼。除孙兰峰逃出外，军长袁庆荣、副军长杨维垣和郭跻堂、张副元、李思温、张惠源等几个师长以及其下的团、营、连长都当了俘虏。 （3）第二五一师及保安部队在突围中的战斗经过。我同第二五一师师长韩天春，在大境门外见到陶赖庙突围的部队都猬集在沟内走不出去，感到跟在第一○五军后边突围已不可能，我即同参谋长焦达然，韩天春师长、兵站总监赵蔚、防空副指挥官王振宇几人商量说：突围出去，恐不可能，不如回去给共产党做一次“荣誉交代”比当俘虏要好。焦、韩二人不大同意，赵、王二人坚决反对。后遂决定另找一条出路，由东窑子经乌拉哈达、高家营子之间地区向崇礼方向撤退，先逃出包围，然后再绕道张北附近转向绥远方向。我们一面令第二五一师第九十四团派兵一营，向大境门外东山坡山头的少数解放军实行攻击，以掩护我军撤退；一面令第九十六团为前卫，向乌拉哈达和高家营子之间方向突围前进；其余为本队，按第二五一师司令部、第九十五团、保安司令部、崇礼县政府及该县保警团、保安第四团、保安第五团、第九十四团的顺序前进。保安第五团当时担任着大境门外一带任务，须在各部队完全撤出后始得撤退，因为撤得迟了些，解放军追击部队突然赶到，一经接触，溃不成军，团长张兴成以下完全被俘。我同韩天春率领所部，一路没有遭到阻击。行进非常顺利。第七兵站总监赵蔚和张市防空副指挥官王振宇得意地说：“我们这条路选对了，不然我们非当俘虏不成。”晚8时许行至乌拉哈达以南地区河边附近，正准备涉水渡河，突然发现解放军汽车数十辆，沿张家口、崇礼县公路向崇礼方向驰进，我们遂改变路线，绕道山沟向乌拉哈达东北方向转进。是夜，天降小雪，乌云满布，天色墨黑，伸手不见五指，走不多久，前后失去连系。前卫部队第九十六团在行进中又丢了一个营，谢克刚团长带着两个营由高家营以南地区渡河，天明时逃至狼窝沟附近一个有堡子的小村内，突然解放军的追击部队赶来，战斗了两个多小时，因弹尽无援，缴械投降。 我同韩天春师长所带的主力部队，在山地转了一夜，24日天明仅走出30多里。为了躲避解放军追击，决定到高家营附近再转向张北方向前进，下午2时，竟和东一股、西一股、拉着马四下乱窜的骑兵第十一旅走到一起。他们旅长胡逢泰、副旅长郁传义，早于23日夜间在东窑子附近被俘，团长有的早已脱离部队，有的混在部队中不愿意露面。正在此时，突然发现崇礼方向的对面山路中，出现了大股军容整齐、行动迅速的部队，大约有两师之众，向我方迎面而来。我和韩天春两人用望远镜一望，看见既不是友军，也不像是华北人民解放军（华北解放军穿的是黄色军装），仔细一看，这支部队穿的和国民党在东北的部队穿的服装有些相仿，但肯定不是国民党的部队，后来一想，这一定是东北解放军从新保安方向开来截击我们的。话尚来说完，就看见东北人民解放军发现我军正在混乱行进的军容之后，即令步兵展开，炮兵占领阵地，开始放列，集中火力向我们迎头痛击，接着步兵发起猛烈攻击。我们一面命令第九十五团占领左右两边的制高点，进行迎击，一面急调第九十四团迅速增加上来，进行侧击。但保安部队，尤其是骑兵部队，由于遭到解放军猛烈射击，已乱成一片，山上山下好像炸了群的野马，都在拚命狂奔。在这紧急关头，陈怀初自告奋勇，率领400余人，抢占了一个有利山头，集中轻重机枪火力，向接近我们的解放军进行阻击，一直打到弹尽，陈怀初拔枪自杀，其余悉数被俘。据跟陈的人说，他是叛徒，作恶多端，因畏罪而顽固到底。 我同韩天春率领该师的特务连和第九十五团的两个营，在陈怀初部队的掩护下脱离开正面战斗，向侧后绕进，仍图突围出去。刚绕过一个山头，又碰上正由侧面向我们包围的解放军，遂令第九十五团的一个营就地展开战斗，掩护我们继续绕道突围，并拟采用转山头、绕山沟的办法，脱逃出去。但这时官兵们都将武器甩在山坡上，不愿再打下去，自行脱离我们。最后我和韩天春仅带着20多个警卫及亲信人员了。韩天春因为跳山沟摔伤了头部，不能再走，我因突不出去，就在一个半山腰隐藏起来，拟天黑人静后再行设法逃走。不想黄昏时，解放军搜山部队清扫战场，我终于被发现，当了俘虏。 至此，最后剩下的傅作义的嫡系部队第一○五军和两个骑兵旅，1个新兵师，两个保安团，总计5万余人，继怀来的第一○四军和新保安的第三十五军之后，全部干净彻底地被人民解放军所消灭。除孙兰峰一人逃脱外，军师旅团各级指挥人员，基本上被解放军活捉。