Chapter 31 Chapter 30 Mao Zedong sent a special plane to send Zhang Shizhao to Hong Kong to promote the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, which caused a sensation in Hong Kong

Mao Zedong sent a special plane to send Zhang Shizhao to Hong Kong to promote the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, which became a powerful signal for peace talks to Taiwan and caused a sensation in Hong Kong. (Beijing-Hong Kong, May-July 1973) During the "Cultural Revolution", mainland China had very little contact with the outside world.People in the world are bewildered by China's "Cultural Revolution" behind closed doors.What people see is almost all red violence and ubiquitous fierce struggle. The "Cultural Revolution" was regarded as a continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, and as a continuation of the struggle between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang under new historical conditions; The Kuomintang reactionaries are all regarded as monsters and monsters, and belong to the list of mopping up and down.Even several leaders within the CCP were overthrown as representatives of the Kuomintang within the CCP.At that time, it was difficult to hear slogans about peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party or the peaceful reunification of the motherland.

At that time, Hong Kong and Macau were particularly sensitive to the impact of the "Cultural Revolution" turmoil.One day in mid-May 1973, a special plane of Civil Aviation of China flew from Beijing and landed at Hong Kong Kai Tak Airport like never before.At that time, there were flights from Taiwan to Hong Kong, but the civil aviation of China had not yet started.This Chinese civil aviation special plane became the first Chinese mainland plane to land in Hong Kong after the founding of the People's Republic of China.This special plane sent by the Chinese government was not carrying important members of the CCP, but the family of Mr. Zhang Shizhao, who was the representative of the Kuomintang government in the former Kuomintang-Communist peace talks.This incident itself has become a powerful signal for peace talks to Taiwan and has caused a sensation in Hong Kong!Although Zhang Shizhao said that he came to "visit relatives" and visit his third wife Yin Dezhen in Hong Kong, but in the first few days of his arrival in Hong Kong, the Chinese and English newspapers in Hong Kong and Macau reported the news of Zhang Shizhao's arrival in Hong Kong at great length. And made all kinds of guesses, most of the newspapers commented that Zhang Xingyan (Zhang Shizhao's word Xingyan) must have the mission of peace talks with Taiwan during this trip.

Mr. Zhang Shizhao was ninety-two years old. Accompanied by specialized doctors, nurses and relatives, he was carried down the flight ramp in a wheelchair.There is an old Chinese saying, "You don't go out when you are ninety." Mr. Zhang did not come here to visit his wife. The speculation in the press was not wrong. He came here with the mission of promoting peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Mr. Zhang Shizhao is an influential political activist and scholar in modern Chinese history.He lived to be ninety-two years old, and his life experience is extremely rich; he is a historical figure who spanned the three eras of Manchu, Republic of China and New China, and has gone through a tortuous and complicated road in thought and politics.When he was studying in Wuchang, he lived in the same room with Huang Xing and became close friends.He became the "leader" of the anti-Qing movement in his school in Nanjing.He joined the Patriotic Society of Cai Yuanpei and Zhang Taiyan, and was a classmate with Zou Rong.He also planned the assassination of Wang Zhichun, the governor of Guangxi who was passing through Shanghai, and was imprisoned for this.He once compiled the book "Thirty-Three Years Dream" written by the Japanese Miyazaki Tozo, introducing Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary deeds.When compiling this book, due to a clerical error, Mr. Sun's real name "Sun Wen" and his pseudonym "Zhongshan Qiao" were concatenated into a text and written as "Sun Zhongshan".Later, when the book was published, the name spread, and over time, it became the official name of Mr. Sun.It is really an interesting revolutionary anecdote that Sun Yat-sen was named by Zhang Shizhao.

Introduced by Yang Du, Zhang Shizhao got acquainted with Sun Yat-sen in Tokyo. They often discussed world affairs together and were very speculative.When the Tongmenghui was established, Sun Yat-sen thought that Zhang Shizhao must be an active member of the association, but he did not expect him to be unwilling to join the association.He advocated studying hard to save the country, and insisted on being a non-partisan person throughout his life.His sworn brother Zhang Taiyan tried hard to persuade him to join the association, but he was not moved.Knowing that Zhang Shizhao admired Ms. Wu Qiangnan, a member of the alliance, Zhang Taiyan came up with a plan and asked Wu Qiangnan to mobilize Zhang Shizhao to join the alliance.Unexpectedly, there was no result for a long time, but Wu Qiangnan became Zhang Shizhao's lover through this contact, and they got married in England later.It is said that when Sun Yat-sen talked about this matter later, he jokingly said: "The relationship between the Tongmenghui and Zhang Xingyan is really 'losing the wife and losing the army'."

Zhang Shizhao once endorsed the bourgeois representative system and promoted Guild socialism.He was close to Yuan Shikai, and participated in the struggle against and against Yuan.Later, he took refuge in Duan Qirui and implemented the retrogressive policy, but managed to rescue the Communist Party leader Li Dazhao.He also appeared in court to defend Chen Duxiu. His defense speech in thousands of words shocked the audience and caused a sensation. He was selected as a teaching material for the law department by a university in Shanghai.He served as the chief justice and education chief of the Beiyang warlord government, and also served as a member of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of New China.During the Anti-Japanese War, he insisted on national integrity, and the Japanese puppet persuaded him to join the Wang puppet government, but he sternly refused.After that, the Japanese and puppet regime threatened him, so he secretly fled from Shanghai, took refuge in Hong Kong, and then came to Chongqing.Yin Dezhen, the wife of the Anti-Japanese War he met in Chongqing, was his third wife and the wife he visited in Hong Kong at the age of 92.

Zhang Shizhao's academic achievements as a scholar are well known all over the world.He made great contributions especially to the study of logic and Liu Wen.He has been engaged in writing all his life. He is old and not fading, and his works are extremely rich. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 20 monographs, hundreds of papers, and nearly 5,000 poems. He can be called a master and occupies an important place in the history of Chinese culture. .He taught logic at Peking University, which was a sensation. According to Gao Chengyuan who participated in the audit, "Gai Hainei has never been so prosperous since he gave lectures. The next day is the big classroom of Yiyi, which can accommodate four to five hundred people. It is as crowded as before. "

In his thirteenth year, he bought the "Liu Zongyuan Anthology" engraved in Yongzhou, Hunan, and began to study Liu Wen for sixty or seventy years.In September 1959, at the invitation of Renmin University of China, he gave a lecture on "Selected Works of Liu Zongyuan"; the lecture notes compiled this time were the draft of the later book "Liu Wen Zhi Yao".In his later years, he devoted almost all his energy to revising this "Liu Wen Zhi Yao".The first and second books with nearly one million words were finally published in 1971 under the care of Mao Zedong, who also liked Liu Wen.In the spring of 1972, when President Nixon visited China, Premier Zhou Enlai specially introduced Zhang Shizhao's "Liu Wen Zhi Yao" to Nixon, and presented a set as a souvenir.

With Zhang Shizhao's unique and rich qualifications, he is the most suitable representative to promote peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Zhang Shizhao had already served as a representative in the 1949 Kuomintang-Communist Peace Talks in Beiping.In January 1949, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to announce his resignation due to domestic and foreign difficulties, and Li Zongren became the acting president.After Li Zongren took office, he wanted to negotiate peace with the CCP. Who should he ask for mediation?After much deliberation, I think Zhang Shizhao is the best candidate.Therefore, Li Zongren appointed Shao Lizi to Shanghai to ask Zhang Shizhao to come forward.When Shao Lizi explained his intentions, Zhang Shizhao, who was good at "nosy business", strongly agreed and was willing to work for it.The delegation was originally scheduled to fly to Peiping on February 8, but the delegation was unable to make the trip because the CCP announced through the Xinhua News Agency that it would refuse the American pawn Gan Jiehou to go to Peiping.When the news reached Nanjing, Li Zongren was very nervous, fearing that he would not be able to open the door of peace talks with the CCP after he came to power; therefore, Li Zongren personally rushed to Shanghai on February 8 to find Zhang Shizhao and others to discuss a solution.In the end, it was decided that Yan Huiqing, Zhang Shizhao, and Jiang Yong would be the representatives, and Shao Lizi would go there as an individual.After obtaining the consent of the Beiping Military Control Commission, they flew to Peiping on February 13 in the name of the "Shanghai People's Peace Delegation".On the 22nd, Mao Zedong and other leaders of the Communist Party of China met them in Shijiazhuang.When Mao Zedong met Zhang Shizhao, Zhang stated Li Zongren's wish to Mao Zedong.Other representatives were also interviewed separately.The door to peace was opened, and they left Peiping on the 24th with Mao Zedong's letter to Li Zongren.On April 1 of the same year, before the People's Liberation Army crossed the river, Zhang Shizhao joined the Kuomintang government delegation and flew to Peiping as a representative.After many rounds of negotiations, representatives of the two sides reached a domestic peace agreement in Peking.Later, because the Kuomintang refused to sign, the peace talks broke down.So far, Zhang Shizhao has been completely disappointed with the Kuomintang, and decided not to return to Nanjing, but to go to Hong Kong first.In May of this year, he and Shao Lizi jointly wrote a letter to Acting President Li Zongren.The letter stated that the CCP’s concessions cannot be considered small, while the two factions in the Kuomintang are unwilling to make peace, and the eight promises made do not count.He and Shao Lizi demonstrated from their personal experience that the CCP is sincere about the peace talks.This letter was brought to Guangzhou by Liu Fei, another peace negotiator representative, and handed over to Li Zongren, which prompted Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi to recognize the aspirations of the people and strive for the peaceful liberation of Guangxi.Reluctantly, Li Zongren was restrained by Bai Chongxi, who held the military power, so he failed to repent and accept the advice.In June of this year, he also wrote a letter to Cheng Qian, chairman of Hunan Province, urging him to revolt and liberate his hometown of Hunan peacefully.

After the founding of New China, Zhang Shizhao continued to promote the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.In the spring of 1956, the CCP wrote a letter about the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Zhang Shizhao took it to Hong Kong and handed it over to Chiang Kai-shek, which led to Chiang Kai-shek sending Song Yishan back to the mainland for visits and negotiations.In 1962 and 1964, he went to Hong Kong twice to visit those who came to Hong Kong and old friends in Hong Kong. He did a lot of work for the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but it was a pity that the "Cultural Revolution" interrupted it!

This time Zhang Shizhao came to Hong Kong at the age of ninety because he wanted to build a new bridge of peace between the mainland and Taiwan after an eight-year hiatus.When talking about his father's last trip to Hong Kong, his daughter, Ms. Zhang Hanzhi, once said: "In the last few years, my father often talked about his great regret that he could not see the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. I feel that the last time in his life The wish is the return of Taiwan." Zhang Shizhao's willingness to do the work of promoting the great cause of the reunification of the motherland has its unique conditions.Due to historical reasons, he has many acquaintances in the Kuomintang. Many leading figures in the Kuomintang, such as Yu Youren, were his good friends during his lifetime. In addition, he and Mao Zedong are both fellows from Hunan. special relationship.

His friendship with Mao Zedong dates back to the early twenties or even earlier.He and Yang Kaihui's father, Mr. Yang Huaizhong, were close friends in Changsha in the early years.Introduced by Yang Huaizhong, he met Mao Zedong in 1919.In 1920, Mao Zedong urgently needed a large amount of money to prepare for the establishment of the Communist Party of China, the revolutionary movement in Hunan, and send some comrades to Europe for work and study.Mao Zedong went to Shanghai to find him. Of course, he didn't say that the establishment of the Communist Party required funds. He only said that he was raising money for a group of aspiring young people to go to Europe for work-study programs. He asked Zhang for help.He immediately agreed to use his influence to mobilize celebrities from all walks of life to donate.In the end, a total of 20,000 silver dollars were raised, all of which were handed over to Mao Zedong.Of course he didn't know that this money had helped the Communist Party a lot. Part of it was used by a group of comrades to go to Europe, and the other part was taken back to Hunan to rebel and start a revolution!Forty-three years later, in 1963, Zhang Hanzhi went to Zhongnanhai to teach English to Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong remembered the loan and decided to repay the debt.Mao Zedong said to Zhang Hanzhi: "Go back and tell Mr. Xing that I will pay back the debt he owed for nearly fifty years from now on, two thousand yuan a year, and twenty thousand yuan in ten years." Zhang Hanzhi went home and told his father .He laughed out loud after hearing this: "It's true, the chairman still remembers it!" A few days later, Mao Zedong sent his secretary to send the first two thousand yuan.Since then, 2,000 yuan will be given every Spring Festival.Zhang Shizhao felt very disturbed and asked his daughter Zhang Hanzhi to send a message to Mao Zedong saying that he could not accept this generous gift. At that time, the silver dollars were collected from donations, and he himself could not afford this huge sum of money.After listening to the rumor, Mao Zedong smiled and said: "I am using my manuscript fee to give Xing Lao a little living allowance! How can I repay the help he gave us to the Communist Party in RMB? I know that you old man will have no money in his life. He is nosy, and spends money to help many people. Most of the letters he wrote to me were to solve problems for others. Some things the government couldn’t solve, so he helped out of his own pocket. I know my husband’s temper, so I won’t accept it. So I said to pay off the debt. Just tell him, as Mao Zedong said, the debt owed must be paid back no matter what.” After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, Mao Zedong flew from Yan'an to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek under complicated circumstances.Mao Zedong once talked to Zhang Shizhao and asked him his analysis of the situation at that time.He thought for a moment, wrote the word "go" on the paper, and said: "Thirty-six strategies, walking is the best strategy."He sincerely talked to Mao Zedong about his analysis of the situation at the time, and believed that Chiang Kai-shek was not sincere about the peace talks and was preparing for civil war behind his back.He believes that Mao Zedong should leave Chongqing as soon as possible before Jiang is ready to prevent sudden changes.Mao Zedong attached great importance to his suggestion.Mao Zedong said that Zhang Xinglao was truly a friend of the Communist Party to put forward such blunt and pertinent opinions. When Shanghai was liberated, the Military Control Commission sent four armed soldiers of the People's Liberation Army to guard Zhang Shizhao's house in Shanghai 24 hours a day, in order to prevent the remnants of the Kuomintang in Shanghai from harming Zhang's family members.The leading soldier said: "Mr. Zhang Shizhao is doing well in Beiping. He is a friend of Chairman Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China. We are ordered to protect Mr. Zhang's family in Shanghai." After Zhang Shizhao settled in Beijing, he first lived in a friend’s house. After Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai found out about it, they solved the housing problem for him and allowed his family to move into a spacious and bright house with a large courtyard in Shijia Hutong, which gave him a good life. and writing environment. He has known Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China for half a century, and he has become a true friend of the Communist Party. Therefore, during the ten-year catastrophe of the "Cultural Revolution", he was able to take care of each other bravely, regardless of personal safety, and boldly wrote to Mao Zedong. Views.He felt very uneasy when there was a huge storm in the society that wanted to overthrow Chairman Liu Shaoqi. He believed that if the movement continued like this, the country would be ruined and the nation would suffer. He bluntly wrote to Mao Zedong: Don't overthrow Liu Shaoqi! Mao Zedong replied to the letter in person within three or four days.The full text is as follows—— Mr. Xingyan: Thank you, Hui Shu.For the sake of the overall situation, we have the same heart with each other.The situation of individual people is complicated, and it is difficult to be sure at the moment, so it seems appropriate to delay the plan.Regards Angie!Mao Zedong March 10th. During the extremely chaotic days of the "Cultural Revolution", Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai also managed to protect Zhang Shizhao, and helped him miraculously put the thread-bound book "Liu Wen Zhi Yao", which clearly belonged to the category of "Four Olds", in one of the Cultural Revolution days. Published in 1971. The publication of "Liu Wen Zhi Yao" brought him great joy and comfort.However, after joy, his life was even more empty. The "Cultural Revolution" is not over yet, and there is nothing to do.After Mrs. Xi, who was by his side, died of pneumonia in 1970, he lost his dependent wife and felt extremely lonely.He is another person who never wastes his time.So, starting from the second half of 1972, he talked to the people around him about the idea of ​​going to Hong Kong to do his last bit for the great cause of the reunification of the motherland.In addition, Mrs. Yin has been in Hong Kong for nine years, so she naturally hopes to meet her.He asked his daughter Zhang Hanzhi to report to Premier Zhou Enlai. Zhang Hanzhi reported to Premier Zhou. Zhou Enlai: "Xing Lao is the most suitable for dialogue with Taiwan. In the past, Xing Lao went to Hong Kong twice in 1962 and 1964 and did a lot of work. Unfortunately, it was interrupted later. However, Xing Lao I'm already ninety-two years old, I'm afraid my body won't allow me to make such a long journey." At that time, although his mind was very clear, he was only severely deaf. At the same time, because he fell from the hospital bed a few years ago and caused a fracture, his leg muscles atrophy later on, so he had difficulty moving, and often had to rely on a wheelchair.Zhang Hanzhi also believed that although his father had the idea of ​​doing his best for the reunification of the motherland, he was unable to do what he wanted.Once this matter was abandoned, he only talked about it as a regret, saying that his greatest wish in this life is to see Taiwan return to the motherland and reunify. In the spring of 1973, during a meeting, Mao Zedong suddenly mentioned Zhang Xinglao’s wish to go to Hong Kong to facilitate the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and asked Zhang Hanzhi, “Does Xinglao still have this idea?” Zhang Hanzhi said: "Yes, there is. The old man often talks about it, but the Prime Minister and I both think he is too old and I am afraid he will not be able to go." Mao Zedong thought for a while and said, "If we prepare better, can we still go? For example, send a special plane to send it there?" In the article "My Father Zhang Shizhao and I" written by Zhang Hanzhi, he described in detail the situation of Zhang Shizhao's last trip to Hong Kong—— I didn't know how to express my position at the moment. I was really afraid that my father would not be able to withstand the fatigue of the journey, but it seemed that Chairman Mao supported my father's idea.In the end, the chairman asked the prime minister to consider a thoughtful plan, whether he could send his father to Hong Kong under the condition of ensuring his health.The matter was actually decided according to the chairman's wishes.I told my father, and he was very happy, saying that Chairman Mao understood his thoughts.The Prime Minister and I started planning my father's trip to Hong Kong.We were very uneasy. After all, my father is ninety-two years old. Will this trip go smoothly?However, my father was very firm and the chairman supported me, so we had no choice but to follow suit. In mid-May 1973, my father left for Hong Kong.Premier Zhou arranged for the Civil Aviation of China to send a special plane to send his father, and randomly sent guards, and equipped his father with Zhang Huifen, the director of internal medicine at Beijing Hospital, and Xiao Ding, a nurse.Besides me and my elder brother Zhang Ke, my father also brought a secretary, a female cook at home, and a girl who took care of him later. After I arrived in Hong Kong, my mood was complicated.The media publicity of my father's visit to Hong Kong did confirm that Chairman Mao and his father's predictions about the impact of this visit to Hong Kong were correct.After an eight-year hiatus, a new bridge of peace will be built between the mainland and Taiwan.However, I was worried about my father's health.The climate in Hong Kong in May and June is very sweltering. My father's residence is on the ground floor of a building in the downtown area. It is not too spacious, and there is no garden for some fresh air.Especially the indoor air-conditioning, I am really afraid that the elderly will not be able to stand it. My father's arrival in Hong Kong was not warm and exciting.I found him strangely calm, serious even, not talking much.He seemed to realize that he was fulfilling his last great mission on earth, that he was exerting his last strength in a last struggle.On the second day after arriving in Hong Kong, he hastily arranged to meet old friends in various fields.Mrs. Yin and I advised him to rest for a while, but my father couldn't wait. A week later, I took Niuniu to leave Hong Kong and return to Beijing.Before leaving, my father talked with me alone for a while.He asked me to tell Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou that he is fine and is contacting all parties.At this time, some of his old friends in Taiwan and Mr. Yu Youren have passed away. He said that he is in contact with some other friends.He asked me to tell the Prime Minister that he would return to Beijing after staying in Hong Kong for a maximum of three months.He said to me affectionately: "Tell Premier Zhou that I miss Beijing very much, and I will go back when things are settled, and tell Premier Zhou not to forget to send a plane to pick me up." People may really have a sixth sense, and they will know what will happen in the future. There is a hunch.In the thirty years I have lived with my father, I have rarely seen him emotionally involved.He is a deeply emotional man.His poems are full of strong passions but his life is rarely emotional.When I bid farewell to my father at my apartment in Hong Kong, I somehow felt a kind of sadness, and I was reluctant to part with my old father.The same is true of my father. He was very reluctant to part with Niu Niu. Before leaving, he touched her hands and face repeatedly and asked her to "pick up grandpa in three months!" The cold time did not leave the father with three months of life.One and a half months later, Niuniu and I went to Hong Kong to welcome back his ashes!