Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Chiang Kai-shek deploys to defend Fuzhou, saying: Taiwan is the head, Fujian is the siblings

Chiang Kai-shek flew to deploy to defend Fuzhou, saying: Taiwan is the head, Fujian is the siblings. (Fuzhou Nanjiao Airport, June 21, 1949) At eight o'clock in the morning on June 21, 1949, the "Meiling" presidential plane took off from Taipei Songshan Airport.This is a DC-4 propeller passenger plane with four engines. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Douglas Company of the United States specially processed and assembled the plane for Chiang Kai-shek according to the order requirements.Although the engine is noisy, the sound is still smooth.Through the porthole, Chiang Kai-shek could see the island of Taiwan slowly receding below his sight, and the sea was a little shimmering.He felt a little dazed.

Since he hastily left his hometown in Xikou and boarded the "Dakang" warship, he has been tossing around in the sea almost all the time, living an unstable and floating life.Therefore, even though he was sitting in this smooth-flying special plane without encountering air currents, he still felt dizzy and dizzy as if he was on a boat.He left Xikou to take the "Taikang" warship to supervise the battle in Shanghai, and wanted to defend the largest city in the Far East.As early as the beginning of December last year, he saw that the Northeast War was irretrievable. Peiping and Tianjin were at stake, and Xuzhou and Huaihai were wiped out. , which lasted four months, formed three positions in Shanghai and suburban counties: the periphery, the main formation, and the core.There are 3,800 main bunker positions made of reinforced concrete. The bunkers are connected by trenches, and jeeps can be driven in the trenches.There are more than 10,000 semi-permanent bunker bunkers.There are countless layers of power grids and deer villages.The fortifications are quite modern, and the Central News Agency praised it as "impregnable as gold".Yan Xishan inspected the position and believed with deep confidence: "At least one year can be maintained."Chiang Ching-kuo compared it to the "Stalingrad of the East" and praised it as comparable to the "Maginot Line of Defense".

On the afternoon of May 1, he disembarked from the warship, and at the headquarters of Tang Enbo, the commander-in-chief of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou garrison, gave a lecture to officials above the head of the troops guarding Shanghai, declaring that he would stay in Shanghai and personally direct the war, Share hardships with the officers and soldiers", "To live and die with Shanghai".He let Chiang Ching-kuo stay with him as his right-hand man.He also ordered Jiang Weiguo, the deputy commander and chief of staff of the armored forces, to transfer the armored forces to Shanghai to strengthen the defense force.Although his words were magnificent in public, during his stay in Shanghai, he often lived on a warship and parked the ship on the ocean outside Wusongkou.They only come to land when a military meeting with a large number of people is called, and they only occasionally stay on Fuxing Island.For a man over sixty years old like him, traveling on a warship all day, although it is convenient to escape, it also makes him have to endure the pain of wind and waves.

Things backfired.Chiang Kai-shek wanted to keep it for a year, but Tang Enbo privately estimated that he could keep it for three months.Although Tang Enbo was ordered to martial law to assist Yu Hongjun in smuggling gold and silver from the treasury to Taiwan, he believed that this practice would shake the morale of the army.According to "Gu Weigou's Memoirs", it is recorded: Tang Enbo "criticized in Shanghai that the removal of gold would only lower the morale of his troops. The removal of gold from Shanghai shows that the government does not intend to stick to this place. How can his troops be expected to fight for it?" " Tang Enbo also followed Chiang Kai-shek's example and moved his headquarters to the ships at the mouth of the Yangtze River.When Chen Yi's army approached Shanghai, the commander of Tang Enbo's army could not find the commander, the commander of the division could not find the commander of the division, and the commander of the regiment could not find the commander of the division. .

On May 25, when the People's Liberation Army marched into Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek and his son left the ocean outside Wusongkou on the "Jiang Jing" warship. In fact, it doesn't take three months, less than half a month, and the big Shanghai is lost. Chiang Kai-shek watched Wusongkou disappear into the waves behind him, and the pain in his heart was indeed indescribable.The more than 200,000 elite troops defending Shanghai were beaten to pieces.Three thousand trucks were basically reimbursed.There are also a large number of tanks transported from Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands, as well as new weapons equipped with Jiang Weiguo's armored forces, all of which were left to the Communist Party.

Chiang Kai-shek wandered in the Zhoushan Islands and the Taiwan Strait for a whole week, and arrived at the Kaohsiung Fortress in Taiwan on June 1 to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival.When he was still at sea, he also felt that the mainland would be swept away, and he felt more and more the importance of Taiwan as the last anti-communist base.In order to ensure Taiwan, he made careful deployment and arrangements, and drafted a plan to "build Taiwan, Fujian and Guangdong, control Guangdong and Guangxi, and open up Sichuan and Yunnan", and envisioned the establishment of Qingdao and Changshan Islands in the north, and the Zhoushan Islands in the middle. From the south to Taiwan and Hainan Island, the sea chains are used to block and surround the mainland, and to use it as a base for counterattacking the mainland in the future.On the second day of his arrival in Kaohsiung (June 2), he specially summoned senior KMT officials in Taiwan to study issues such as military consolidation, defense, and military administration in Taiwan.Chiang Kai-shek advocated gradually shifting the strength of the Kuomintang sea and air forces to the south, with Taiwan as the center, and the focus of defense on the southeast coast, with special emphasis on the defense of Fujian, which is closest to Taiwan.

There are two reasons why Chiang Kai-shek can't let go of Fujian.Firstly, the defeated soldiers on the Yangtze River defense line retreated into Fujian without any fighting spirit, and the defeated army passed by. They borrowed food to requisition grass, and Raff sent workers to harass the people, causing a lot of restlessness and public grievances, which urgently needed to be reorganized; Zhu Shaoliang, director of the General Administration, is an old man, a member of the alliance, participated in the Wuchang Uprising, and also worked with Chen Qimei, Chiang Kai-shek's mentor, so he did not bow to Chiang's orders.Fujian is indeed a stone in Chiang Kai-shek's heart.When Chiang Kai-shek fled Shanghai and drifted in the Strait, he telegraphed Zhu Shaoliang several times, asking him to build a semi-permanent fortification near Fuzhou.However, Zhu Shaoliang obeyed Yin and violated.Under the influence of the two "Fujian generals" Sa Zhenbing and Chen Shaokuan who were disarmed and living in the army, Zhu Shaoliang refused to let his troops fight a decisive battle in Fuzhou, lest they be destroyed in the artillery fire; The defense in depth can't be defended yet. Fuzhou is facing the river to the south and the sea to the east. How can it stick to it? !At the same time, Fuzhou Mayor He Zhen also stated: Fuzhou is too poor, and it is very difficult to collect labor and materials. He has no confidence in defending Fuzhou.

Despite Chiang Kai-shek's repeated orders and repeated telegrams, Zhu Shaoliang has been slow to do anything.In the end, there was really no other way, so I had to send Li Yikuang, the commander of the 50th Independent Division, to build a front-line field fortification, which was to deal with it. There is another reason why Chiang Kai-shek wants to come to Fujian for inspection, which is inconvenient to explain clearly, that is, the relationship between Zhu Shaoliang and Li Zongren is too close.Chiang Kai-shek learned from the intelligence department that after the loss of Shanghai, Li Zongren and Zhu Shaoliang had more frequent telecommunication exchanges.Zhu Shaoliang regarded Li Zongren as the backstage, and Li Zongren pulled Zhu Shaoliang's forces and used Fujian as a place to retreat.Chiang Kai-shek also learned that Li Zongren wanted to visit Fuzhou at the end of June or early July. Of course he wanted to go to Fujian to make some arrangements before Li Zongren arrived. (028)

It took only one hour for the "Meiling" presidential plane to fly across the Taiwan Strait and landed at Fuzhou Fujiao Airport at 9:00 am.Zhu Shaoliang had already led party and government officials in Fujian to greet him at the airport.Zhu Shaoliang was well aware of Chiang Kai-shek's character, and he was suspicious of his sudden arrival, so he ordered his men to mobilize the whole city to hold a grand welcome ceremony.The blue sky and white sun flags were raised everywhere on all the high-rise buildings in Fuzhou City, and the standard portrait of Chiang Kai-shek was hung on the wall. The streets were decorated with red and green lights and festooned with festoons. On several streets, there were impressively large banners saying "Welcome the Chairman to visit Rongcheng City" banner.Citizens were told to stand on the side of the street to welcome them.In this war-torn provincial capital, the welcome din seemed oddly out of place.

After shaking hands and greeting Chiang Kai-shek, he was surrounded by local officials and stepped out of the airport.There is a long queue of trains parked at the gate of the airport.Zhu Shaoliang respectfully said to Chiang Kai-shek: "President, please get in the car. All the citizens of Fuzhou have waved flags and lined the road to welcome you into the city." The black bulletproof car door was pulled open by the attendant. Although Chiang Kai-shek nodded his head, he did not move because of the tremors in his chest. He looked back and forth, left and right, then turned his head and said to Yu Jishi:

"I don't think it's necessary to go into the city to alarm the public! The meeting should be held in the office building at the airport instead." Chiang Kai-shek suddenly proposed not to enter the city, which shocked the officials who greeted him and looked at each other in blank dismay.Is he worried that the war is approaching, and it is inevitable that reconnaissance personnel from the communist army will also be mixed with the citizens on the street? ... Chiang Kai-shek had already spoken to change, Zhu Shaoliang smiled wryly and had no choice but to obey. At 9:30, an impromptu military meeting for Chiang Kai-shek was held in the office building of Nanjiao Airport.After listening to the reports of Zhu Shaoliang, Tang Enbo and some generals, Chiang Kai-shek gave a lecture to the generals of the troops—— Now, I am here as the president of the Kuomintang to meet with you and share safety with you.I am a resigned president, and I should no longer ask about state affairs.Everything is handled by President Li on behalf of the crisis situation and the Communist army.But thinking of Premier Sun’s entrustment during his lifetime, Mian’s last words of “Safety and danger will be at the end of the day, and rewards will be shared when we are in trouble.” Now it is a critical moment for our party, so I will lead everyone to work with the Communist Party as the president of the party. In the desperate battle, I have retired for half a year, and I have not for a moment forgotten Pao Ze, who has suffered a lot. I hope everyone will work together and strive for the final victory. When Chiang Kai-shek spoke, he was heartbroken and almost shed tears.The officials present were silent, and he talked in one breath until after two o'clock in the afternoon—— The troops guarding the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and those stationed in Zhejiang retreated to Fujian in early May.At that time, Chen Yi's main force was attacking Shanghai, and only Liu Bocheng followed him into Fujian.Fortunately, the enemy couldn't figure out the details of Fuzhou, so they didn't drive straight in.If the enemy understands your distress, a regiment can occupy Fuzhou.You, the commanders of the Corps and the Sui District, just ran for your life, threw away your armor and armor, disturbed the people along the way, and came to Fujian.My aunt has worked hard before, but now the Ministry of National Defense will strictly investigate.Now the morale of the troops is low and military discipline is slack.It was reported that those who were division commanders, regimental commanders, and battalion commanders still wanted to flee south, and some went to Taiwan without permission.Losing confidence in Fujian, a strategic place, is a great sigh!Everyone should know: Taiwan is the base for revitalizing the party-state, and its status is extremely important.For example, Taiwan is the head, and Fujian is the siblings. Without Fujian, Taiwan cannot be guaranteed. Chiang Kai-shek asked everyone to go back and convey to his subordinates, "Use your own blood to defend Fujian and consolidate Taiwan, and the lost land will definitely be restored." It was half past two in the afternoon when he finished speaking.After lunch, he named Zhu Shaoliang, Tang Enbo, Li Yannian, Wang Xiushen, Li Yikuang and other nine people to stay.He took turns talking one by one, the purpose is to let everyone stick to Fujian. According to the confidential secretary Cao Shengfen, Chiang Kai-shek talked to Li Yikuang for the longest time. Li Yikuang was a student at the Whampoa Military Academy, and referred to Jiang as the "principal".Chiang Kai-shek verified with Li the information he had obtained about Fujian, learned about the true thoughts of Zhu Shaoliang, Fuzhou Mayor He Zhen, and Fuzhou Suizhou Deputy Director Wu Shi, and others. Be especially vigilant.Li Yikuang felt that the conversation with Jiang was very harmonious, and felt that the president had great trust in him. Therefore, when the conversation was about to end, when Chiang Kai-shek asked "what difficulties and opinions do you have", he boldly said: "Didn't the principal say: 'Stay in With the green mountains here, are you afraid that there will be no firewood? The Communist army is currently resting and reorganizing. This is their practice in combat. After a major battle, there must be a period of rest and reorganization. Our troops guarding the north of the Minjiang River have 80,000 people. If Before Chen Yi's main force entered Fujian, we planned to withdraw the main force across the Minjiang River, a very unfavorable land barrier, to southern Fujian. This is beneficial to the protracted war and has a more practical effect on consolidating Taiwan's periphery. I told the principal It's not that I'm afraid of death, but I'm thinking about the overall situation!" Chiang Kai-shek looked at Li Yikuang, and he didn't show any censure. Instead, he looked up to the sky and sighed, and said what was in his heart: You are my student, don't you know the importance of "preemptive advantage", "preemptive strike", "preemptive strike", and "peace of mind"?Is there a country without an army?Preserving the troops is important, but Fuzhou fell into the hands of the communist army prematurely, and its political influence was great.More than half of Taiwanese are originally from Fujian, and they care about their hometown very much.The majority of overseas Chinese in Nanyang are also Fujianese. If Fuzhou falls, they will think that the Kuomintang has completely failed.This psychological change will cause us to lose the sympathy and support of overseas Chinese.Therefore, for the sake of the overall situation, Fuzhou must stick to it.I hope you understand my painstaking efforts and do it boldly. As long as the general has the confidence to win, he can be resurrected in a desperate situation.With me teaching you, with Taiwan, even if the mainland is lost, it can be revived. It was four o'clock in the afternoon when Chiang Kai-shek and Li Yikuang finished talking. On the apron outside the office building, the motor of the "Meiling" has been rumbling.Zhu Shaoliang led the army commanders and division commanders who participated in the military conference at the southern suburbs airport, and lined up to send Chiang Kai-shek off to board the plane. When the "Meiling" vacated to the east, the officers dispersed and left.A teacher muttered: "He told us to stick to Fuzhou, he didn't even dare to stay overnight!" Chiang Kai-shek only stayed in Fuzhou for seven hours this time, and he didn't even leave the airport.He didn't stay overnight in Rongcheng, because he had a complicated mentality.Since the CCP army crossed the river, he left Xikou and boarded the warship, and his whereabouts were determined like a frightened bird. He knew that now was a turning point in history, and the "Xi'an Incident" could not happen again.Fuzhou is a place where he can't stop coming, and he can't stay for a long time. Since his resignation, local people in Fujian have seen that the Communist Party is unstoppable and have lost confidence in the Kuomintang. In addition, in this place, traditional local concepts and xenophobia for thousands of years have become increasingly serious with the deterioration of the current situation.The Fujian Local Council advocated that "Fujian people govern Fujian" and openly opposed conscription.Fujian Admiral Sa Zhenbing, who served as the admiral of the Beiyang Navy in the Qing Dynasty and the chief of the navy of the Beiyang warlord government in the early years, lived in Fuzhou and had a great influence on Fujian. He was always dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship.In 1933, he sponsored Li Jishen to carry out the "Fujian Revolution" in Fuzhou and established the "People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China".Sa Zhenbing recently said: "Since the Republic of China, Fujian has been ruled by people from other provinces for more than 30 years, and it has been even more powerful in the more than 20 years since Chiang came to power." Another Fujian admiral that made Chiang Kai-shek jealous was Chen Shaokuan, who was also a veteran of the old Chinese navy. He served as the Kuomintang navy minister and commander-in-chief.Chen Shaokuan was squeezed out by Chen Cheng, and when he was disarmed and returned to Fujian, he was also full of complaints. What his subordinate, Li Shijun, who had served as the deputy chief of the navy, heard in Jiang's ears, and it was very harsh.Li Shijun said: "On the Communist Party side, the Fujian people have a Deng Zihui as the chairman of the Central Plains government, but there is nothing in the Kuomintang. Even the chairman of the province needs an outsider to be the chairman. It's really..."