Chapter 9 bloody secret meeting

The uprising squeezed the "poor" into fists; it also made the rich arm in arm.The usually loose sand and sand were gathered together by the storm, forming plates and rocks, with the same tone of voice and full of confidence, vowing to regain yesterday's dream and yesterday's paradise. The victory of the uprising pushed the imperialists, warlords, compradors, bureaucrats, local tyrants and evil gentry, and other reactionary elements who were unwilling to lose their privileges and economic interests in Shanghai to a situation where they had to unite. To deal with an "enemy" - the working people.

Although the workers' uprising clearly stated that they would not hinder the concessions, the imperialists still openly proposed "naval cooperation of various countries" under the pretext of protecting the nationals.More than 90 warships from Britain, the United States, France, Italy, Japan and other countries demonstrated on the Huangpu River to the people of Shanghai.In the concession, more than 23,000 foreign army soldiers deployed defenses on every road.The concession was brightly lit. They held a military meeting, drew military maps of Longhua, Nanshi, Zhabei and other Chinese territories, and brought in a large number of new bombs. Everything was ready. If needed, just pull the rope and aim at the Chinese territory. The muzzle will send their voices.

They are also stepping up analysis of the various forces of the Chinese revolution in order to determine the dismembered parts.According to U.S. diplomatic documents in 1927, they determined that "Chiang Kai-shek is forming a core of moderates to fight against the radicals. This is China's only hope"; the protective power of the hand".So imperialism summoned Chiang Kai-shek and made a test. On March 24, the Jiangyou Army (Second Army and Sixth Army) under the command of Cheng Qian marched eastward from Anhui and captured Nanjing.That night, the British and American imperialists suddenly ordered the British, American, French, and Japanese warships moored on the Xiaguan River to bombard the urban area of ​​Nanjing under the pretext that the expatriates and consulates were "violated by mobs."More than 2,000 people were killed and countless property losses were suffered.

On the 25th, Chiang Kai-shek sailed to Nanjing on the Chutong ship, and told reporters: The cause of the Nanjing incident was entirely caused by hooligans.He sent Yang Jie, commander of the 17th Division of the Sixth Army, to apologize to Japanese Consul Masahira Morioka: This incident is really a pity. Manufactured.Please forgive me anyway.The Communist Party branch has been ordered to disband.The aftermath measures are willing to negotiate in good faith.Japan is requested to handle this incident with leniency no matter what. The imperialists received Chiang Kai-shek's vowed echo and immediately reciprocated.

On the 26th, Chiang Kai-shek still arrived in Shanghai on the ship Chutong and disembarked at Gaochangmiao Wharf; the imperialists in the concession specially sent a car to escort him to the Qiqi Road Negotiation Office in the French Concession.Givens, the director of political affairs in the concession, gave Chiang Kai-shek a special pass in person, allowing him to enter and exit the concession freely with his guards.The next day, "Zi Lin Xi Bao" published a statement that the imperialists wanted Chiang Kai-shek to "act quickly and decisively".Chiang Kai-shek immediately stated: The national revolution is a good friend of the great powers and countries, and will never use force to change the status quo of the concession.

"Please talk about it in detail." At the request of foreign reporters, Chiang Kai-shek sat upright, fumbled for the armed belt, fumbled for the handle of the command knife, and gently moved the new teeth that had just been inlaid. To establish law and order in Shanghai." Japan, a restless nation, was naturally unwilling to lag behind in that restless era. Three days later, the Japanese Consul General in Shanghai Yaoka Shitaro, through Chiang Kai-shek’s ally brother Huang Yu, conveyed to Chiang Kai-shek the instruction of Japanese Foreign Minister Moshihara: the lack of determination to control the domineering of the Communist Party, the big powers have despaired of the future of the National Army, and it is inevitable to take measures. means of common self-defense.At present, is Chiang Kai-shek winning internal and external trust and succeeding in calming the situation, or is he being hijacked by an internal conspiracy and finally losing his chance?The key to fate lies in his own determination.

Huang Yu nodded straight: "Please rest assured, Mr. Jiang will quickly resolve the Nanjing incident. As for the workers in Shanghai, they will also be disarmed." A class that often loses its mind and jumps between justice and injustice-the national bourgeoisie, they are really a bit of a leaf.At the beginning of the revolution, they pushed the waves, but when the tide rose and hit their feet, they wavered and retreated. In order to protect themselves, they pinned their hopes of suppressing the workers on Chiang Kai-shek. In February, the upper echelons of Shanghai's industrial and commercial circles sent Yu Qiaqing and Qian Xinzhi, the manager of the Four Banks Savings Association, to Nanchang to meet Chiang Kai-shek and support Chiang Kai-shek's anti-communism.

On March 22, Shanghai financial capitalists organized and established the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce.The organization also made it clear that it supported Chiang Kai-shek. On March 26, the evening of Chiang Kai-shek's arrival in Shanghai, Yu Qiaqing went to Longhua to meet him and discuss the issue of organizing the Jiangsu Provincial and Shanghai Municipal Finance Committee to raise military salaries for Chiang Kai-shek.When Chiang Kai-shek got excited, he also patted his thigh: "Wow, wow, I agree with the purpose of your business association. Of course, I also hold the idea of ​​maintaining capitalists."

As soon as Yu Qiaqing went back to inform the members of the Chamber of Commerce, those young and old tycoons were so excited that tears came to their eyes, and they argued that the savior had come.So he immediately elected Wu Yunzhai, Yu Qiaqing, Wang Xiaolai and other 29 people as representatives to ask to see Chiang Kai-shek.Capitalists want to know people with guns, and people with guns are willing to go to people with jingle in their pockets.How can Chiang Kai-shek not see reason?And the words of joy are also polite: "This revolution was successful, and the business community assisted secretly. , it will be promulgated in the near future, and it will definitely not make Shanghai have a Wuhan attitude.”

After receiving the guarantee from Chiang Kai-shek, the capitalists began to pat their pockets and paid off one after another. On April 1, the Banking Association provided 2 million yuan, and the money industry association provided 1 million yuan, all of which were handed over to Chiang Kai-shek (after the "April 12" coup, the capitalists provided the same 3 million yuan).According to the "Miller's Review" on April 9, in order to support Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary coup, the imperialists and the Shanghai bourgeoisie subsidized Chiang Kai-shek with a total of 15 million yuan.The distribution of this sum was that Chiang Kai-shek got 12 million yuan, Bai Chongxi got 1.5 million yuan, Zhou Fengqi got 1 million yuan, and Qinghong gangsters got 500,000 yuan.

With the money, Chiang Kai-shek turned back to take care of guns and power. Power, guns, and money are the three primary colors of Chiang Kai-shek's politics and even life. On April 2, Chiang Kai-shek held an emergency secret meeting at the General Command of the Eastern Route Army of the Northern Expedition Army inside the Jiangnan Shipyard in Gaochangmiao.Huang Shaohong and Li Jishen both rushed here after receiving urgent telegrams from Chiang Kai-shek.Some military and political officials also came to Shanghai one after another. For a time, Shanghai became the center of all counter-revolutionary forces, forming a counter-revolutionary headquarters. Zhou Enlai once vividly summarized Chiang Kai-shek’s counter-revolutionary headquarters, saying: the General Staff is the “Five Elders’ Conference”—Zhang Jingjiang is the chairman, Wu Zhihui is the buffoon, Li Shizeng is the Huadan, Cai Yuanpei is the pedant, Dai Jitao is the military adviser; the general is the “Four Diamonds” ——Bai Chongxi, Li Jishen, Huang Shaohong, He Yingqin. For a long time, the generals who participated in the "April 12" coup d'état, and later turned against Chiang and even joined the people's camp, did not want to bring up this matter again, and it is natural to imagine their mood.However, some of them, such as Huang Shaohong and Li Jishen, took the initiative to reflect on these past events in their later years. Huang Shaohong wrote in his reminiscence article in the 1960s: "The secret anti-communist meeting convened by Chiang Kai-shek in Shanghai on April 2 was an important hub for launching this coup. Li Jishen and I, the former chairman of the National Revolutionary Revolution, attended that meeting. This time The counter-revolutionary coup led to the massacre of a large number of workers and Communist Party members, and caused a serious setback to the Chinese revolutionary cause. I used to be reluctant to touch this bloody and criminal history. When Chairman Li Jishen was alive, he once encouraged me to write Historical materials. He said: "You should write what we have experienced without reservation as far as you know. If there are any unclear points, I can tell you." Now Chairman Li Jishen has passed away unfortunately, I was the only person in mainland China who participated in that anti-communist meeting, so I feel more responsible to write this passage.” Huang Shaohong's memories let us know many details of the meeting.Chiang Kai-shek was dressed in a fine tweed general uniform, with fierce eyes, serious and reserved, deliberately concealing his excitement: "In the 13th year of the Republic of China, when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated and the Communist Party joined the Kuomintang, they had bad intentions. Party development organization. Since the Zhongshan ship incident on March 20, 1926, this kind of conspiracy has become increasingly exposed. When the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived in Wuhan, some central organs and people were divided or hijacked, and Wuhan was opposed to Nanchang. Therefore, if the party is not cleaned up, the central government is not moved to Nanjing, and Nanjing is established as the capital, the Kuomintang will be usurped by the Communist Party, and the national revolution will not be able to continue the Northern Expedition, and the national revolution will not be completed.” The participants listened with bated breath. "This matter is of great importance," Chiang Kai-shek relaxed his shoulders, leaned on the back of the chair, and rolled his eyes, "I want to hear everyone's opinions." The venue buzzed quietly.Li Jishen, who came from Guangdong, first reported the situation in Guangdong, especially the Hailufeng Peasant Movement under the leadership of Peng Pai.He said: "If the party is not cleared and suppressed as soon as possible, farmers in other counties will follow suit. The situation in Guangdong cannot be maintained." Huang Shaohong, the leader of the Guangxi warlords, used to have a big beard, but now his chin is smooth.Because the Provincial and Hong Kong Strike Committee was very strict on the pier, in order not to be recognized, he shaved off the beard he had grown for six or seven years and rushed to Shanghai.Following up on what Li Jishen said, he talked about the growing situation of the peasants in Donglan, Guangxi led by Wei Baqun, and said: "It is very easy to suppress now, but the reason why we dare not suppress is because the Central Party Those communists in the Ministry and Provincial Party Headquarters and their fellow travelers defended the peasants in the name of the Party Headquarters.” He Yingqin talked about the "Nanjing Massacre" and shifted the responsibility for the tragedy to the Communist Party, his voice trembling with excitement: "It was the Communist Party that instigated soldiers and hooligans to rob or beat up foreign consulates and foreign nationals, which caused foreign warships to bombard us. of!" The former commander-in-chief of the Eastern Route Army, Bai Chongxi, seemed to be dozing off, with his eyes lowered.In fact, he was listening carefully to everyone's speech.Chiang Kai-shek was afraid that he would say something contrary to himself, so he urged him to say something. General Bai was known as Little Zhuge, and he was also Chiang Kai-shek’s chief of staff, so he talked a lot: “After Shanghai was occupied by our own army, the workers organized pickets to seal off the concession. They had their own weapons and their own command system. Disobedient to the command of the military commander. They want to rush into the concession and occupy the concession. Now the foreign consular corps has issued a serious warning. The Huangpu River is full of foreign warships. A lot of foreign troops have come. If there is a conflict, not only will the country’s elite Shanghai be over, but the Northern Expedition will also be over.” As he spoke, he began to criticize the Communist Party again: "The two divisions of the First Army stationed in Shanghai, Liu Zhi, the commander of the Second Division, was more honest and more serious in carrying out (anti-communist) orders. They put up slogans and distributed leaflets to defeat him. Xue Yue, the commander of the First Division, was more flexible and approached them superficially, so they put up slogans and distributed leaflets to express their support. If this situation continues, our army will also undergo changes.” Someone asked: "What is the attitude of other organizations in Shanghai towards the Communist Party?" Bai Chongxi replied: "Shanghai's gangs are very powerful. All classes have their organizations and their armed forces. Huang Jinrong, Du Yuesheng, Zhang Xiaolin, and Yang Hu are all resolutely anti-communist." "Okay." Wu Zhihui spoke a lot of Wuxi dialect and applauded repeatedly, "The Kuomintang has become a cat's paw for picking chestnuts out of the fire." Assuming the position of director of the Nanchang General Political Department, and lobbying for Chiang Kai-shek everywhere, he also proposed a so-called "Communist Party Conspiracy Evidence Case". There was only one person who didn't talk much at the meeting, and he was Chen Guofu.This day he was wearing a long gown with a small vest over it, like a banker's hand.His younger brother, Chen Lifu, served as Chiang Kai-shek's confidential secretary and was busy recording.The record reads "The list of those who should be taken care of first", including Bao Luoting, Chen Duxiu, Tan Pingshan, Lin Zuhan (Boqu), Li Shouchang (Dazhao), Wu Yuzhang, Yun Daiying, Mao Zedong, Deng Yanda, Dong Yongwei (Biwu) , Deng Yingchao, Luo Yinong, Gao Yuhan, Deng Zhongxia, Lin Yunan (Zhang Hao), Luo Zhanglong, Li Shuoxun, Li Lisan, Liu Shaoqi, Zhang Guotao, Cai Hesen, Fang Zhimin, Peng Shuzhi, Wang Shouhua, Qu Qiubai, Zhang Tailai (Tai Lei), Zhou Enlai, Peng Pai, Guo Moruo, Zhou Yiqun and other 197 people. The major policy of "anti-communist purge" was decided at this bloody secret meeting.These leaders of the Guangxi warlords followed Chiang Kai-shek and conspired to rebel and the revolution began.