Chapter 58 Misfortune caused Xiao Qiang, the joys and sorrows of the "Maoist leader"

Ruijin. One day in June 1931. Just as the Red Army was engaged in a fierce battle with Chiang Kai-shek's third "encirclement and suppression" campaign on the fronts hundreds of miles away in western Fujian and southern Jiangxi, the anti-counterfeiting committee in the Soviet Area launched a campaign against the "AB Regiment" in the rear. . Deng Xiping, the former secretary of the Ruijin County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, Xiao Lianbin, chairman of the county Soviet government, Yang Shuqiao, chairman of the county federation of trade unions, and more than 20 local party and government officials were all tied up with thick brown ropes and taken to the execution ground. , They fell in a pool of blood!The cloud of anti-rebellion and terror hangs over Ruijin in the center of the Soviet area, and the ghosts who have been humiliated and gone are lingering in the sky behind the Red Army.

In August, Deng Xiaoping and his wife Jin Weiying, who were dispatched by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, braved the scorching sun and came to Ruijin, which was about to become the "Red Capital".As soon as they arrived in Ruijin, they discovered that the political climate here was extremely abnormal: it turned out that in early May, Li Tianfu, secretary of the Ruijin County Committee of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the order of the Anti-Revolutionary Committee, seized the "AB Group" organization-"Social Democratic Party" in Ruijin. Within two months, many party and government cadres in Ruijin were wrongly killed, their units were disintegrated, and a large number of cadres and people were forced to flee their hometowns. The entire county was lifeless.

In view of the fact that the main force of the Red Army was fighting against "encirclement and suppression" at that time, and they had not yet contacted their superiors, Xie Weijun, Secretary of the East Jiangxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Yu Zehong, who had just arrived in Ruijin from Shanghai, decided to remove Li Tianfu and others from their positions, and Deng Xiaoping took over the post in Ruijin. Secretary of the county party committee. When Deng Xiaoping took office, he immediately announced the cessation of random arrests and killings, and reviewed all the cases of those arrested and sentenced to death. Then he sent an investigation team led by Jin Weiying to investigate and understand Li Tianfu and others. There are a large number of criminal facts about killing innocent people indiscriminately and committing crimes through confessions and beliefs.

It was at this time that Deng Xiaoping was shocked to learn that Li Mingrui had been arrested and killed, and that a group of cadres and soldiers of the Seventh Red Army had also been killed. Deng Xiaoping boldly ordered the arrest of Li Tianfu, the chairman of the county Soviet, and Xie Zaiquan, who were greatly angered by the people, even though they acted wildly and arrogantly declared: Li Shaojiu, chairman of the Soviet Area Anti-revolutionary Committee, was backing them!However, the newly appointed small secretary really strengthened his "iron fist", so at the end of September, a public trial meeting was held in Mianjiang Middle School in Ruijin, where Li Tianfu, Xie Zaiquan and others were executed by shooting, and a large number of innocent cadres and people were released.

It is very strange that shortly after Deng Xiaoping corrected the mistake of suppressing counter-revolutionaries in Ruijin, things changed dramatically. Among the few members around Mao Zedong.He had to give up his seat to comrades from Shanghai, because when he reported the work of the Seventh Red Army to the Central Committee in Shanghai, he had become "persona non grata". Li Fuchun, Secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, transferred Deng Xiaoping from Ruijin to Huichang, a hundred miles south of the "Red Capital", to serve as the Secretary of the Central County Party Committee, in charge of the work of the three counties of Huichang, Xunwu, and Anyuan.

Huichang is located at the junction of the Soviet Area and the White Area, and is the southern gate of the Central Soviet Area. Its strategic position is considered important, but the degree of "redification" is far less than that of the Central Soviet Area.Since Huichang had just been recovered after the third "encirclement and suppression campaign", some small groups of Kuomintang "Jingwei Regiment" and stragglers outside the city often shot cold guns into the city and harassed the masses everywhere.At that time, there was only one independent battalion in each county, and the Red Guards had few guns, most of the shops were closed, the economy was depressed, and the lives of the people were very poor.Deng Xiaoping had to start from scratch, according to Mao Zedong's land policy and practices, managed bleakly, and soon achieved political achievements.Later, Mao Zedong, who was transferred from the leadership position of the Red Army, conducted research in Huichang, climbed to Lanshan Ridge outside Huichang City, and wrote a poem with a depressed and majestic mood: "Traveling all over the green mountains is not old, and the scenery here is unique."

And what about the "scenery" in the center of the Soviet area?After the temporary central government entered the Soviet area, they strengthened their direct leadership over the base areas.They issued orders like an overlord, demanding the creation of a "red army of one million iron" and "development towards the central city".They accused the General Front Committee of the Red Front Army and the Central Soviet Area of ​​making many serious mistakes, and forcibly canceled the General Front Committee.Mao Zedong's pragmatic propositions of launching guerrilla warfare and establishing rural base areas were denounced as the right-leaning conservative route of fleeing and retreating; He was revoked from his position as the General Political Commissar of the Red Army, and only given the empty title of "Chairman of the Soviet Government" (Xiang Ying and Zhang Guotao were vice-chairmen), and he had no right to speak in the party and the army.

However, although the "Maotou lad" of the Provisional Central Committee (as Mao Zedong, Zhu De and others jokingly called Bo Gu and others) had the support of the Communist International, it seemed that it was still very difficult to remove Mao Zedong, a leader who was born and bred and enjoyed high prestige in the Red Army. .After they emptied Mao's power, they decided to publicly criticize Mao's "serious mistakes" and wanted to expel Mao from the party or send him to the Soviet Union to "recover".But Stalin disagreed, fearing that this would lead to the split of the Red Army.However, without eradicating Mao Zedong's influence in the party and the Red Army in the base areas, how could they issue orders?So they adopted the method of "knocking the mountain to shake the tiger", aiming the firepower of the struggle at Mao Zedong's followers, and "not going to investigate" Mao Zedong for the time being.

They quickly discovered the shadow of Mao Zedong from Luo Ming, the acting secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee. In a report, Luo Ming proposed the "Left" plan to expand the Red Army. The conditions in the border areas are more difficult, and the party's policy should be different from that of the consolidated base areas."Luo Ming said, under the current circumstances, don’t say I can’t do anything about it, our best leaders Chairman Mao, Chairman Xiang, Comrades Zhou Enlai, Comrades Ren Bishi, or go to the Soviet Union to invite Comrade Stalin, or invite Lenin to resurrect, come here together, and give a big speech Days and nights, I don't think it can solve the problem.etc.

——This is the so-called "Luo Ming line" severely criticized by the provisional central government.Luo Ming was dismissed from his post and received a severe blow. This line struggle soon spread to Huichang, where Deng Xiaoping was located—they discovered that there was also a right-leaning opportunist line that was no different from the "Luo Ming line."At the same time, they thought of Deng Xiaoping's "always leaning to the right" in Youjiang, Guangxi, "pursuing the rich peasant line", "retreating and fleeing", etc., plus Deng's "Xunwu Incident" that just happened in Huichang (November 1932, due to enemy forces However, Xunwu County, located at the junction of Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian, fell and was occupied by Guangdong warlords), so Deng Xiaoping was included in Mao Zedong's circle.

Soon, Ren Yongfeng, Ji'an, and Mao Zetan (Mao Zedong's younger brother), secretary of the Taihe Central County Party Committee, Xie Weijun, commander of the Jiangxi Second Army Division and commander of the Fifth Independent Division of the Red Army, and Gu Bai, chief referee of the Jiangxi Soviet Union and secretary of the provincial party group, were also included. In this way, Deng, Mao, Xie, and Gu formed a "Jiangxi Luo Ming line" and were "leaders of anti-Party factions and small organizations."And Deng is the first of the four. Obviously, "Luo Ming's line" is Mao Zedong's line.The interim central leaders believed that as long as the followers of Mao Zedong's line were put to death politically, Mao Zedong could be completely isolated and defeated in one fell swoop. This time, the sky did not fall on the tall man, but fell on the short man first. "Left things are terrible in the history of our party! ("Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping", Volume 3, p. 375)" Deng Xiaoping still sighed like this until 60 years later. As a result, Deng's political persecution followed one after another.He, Mao, Xie, Gu and others were first publicly named and criticized, and then they were dismissed from their positions as secretary of the Huichang Central County Party Committee, and transferred to the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee Inspection Office for inspection and reflection, waiting to be dealt with.Fortunately, at the provincial party committee, I ran into three old classmates from the work-study program in Paris: Li Fuchun, secretary of the Jiangxi provincial party committee, Chen Yi, commander of the provincial military region, and Cai Chang (wife of Li Fuchun), the organization director of the provincial party committee.They didn't think that the "little steel cannon" of the year had committed any heinous crimes.So after Deng lost the secretary of the Central County Party Committee, he quietly became the Minister of Propaganda of the Provincial Party Committee.According to the current level, it is actually a transfer at the same level, and there is no demotion. This angered the Temporary Central Committee even more! So mobilize the army, concentrate firepower, and launch a critical struggle against "Deng, Mao, Xie, and Gu" with an even more violent momentum.At the criticism meeting, the four argued on the basis of reason, and they were said to be "openly carrying out anti-Party activities at the meeting place". . Deng Xiaoping was dismissed as the head of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee, and he was also punished with the "most serious warning" within the party, and he was ordered to conduct a deep inspection.Deng Xiaoping was imprisoned in a dark and damp low house.Under the cruel and ruthless pressure, he had to reflect on his underestimation of the significance of the "international line" against his will, etc., and made self-criticism in order to pass the test.From the Baise and Longzhou Uprisings to the establishment of the Zuo and Youjiang Revolutionary Bases, from the Seventh Red Army to the Central Soviet Area, from Ruijin and Huichang to the "Xunwu Incident", he detailed the facts and stated his opinions one by one.He sent the "check" up.But in the eyes of the "left" leaders, this is not an "inspection", it is clearly a "protest"!Immediately afterwards, they published a signed article titled "Looking at Comrade Deng Xiaoping's Self-Criticism" in Struggle, the official newspaper of the Central Bureau, accusing Deng Xiaoping of "still standing on the opportunist viewpoint" and "not criticizing himself with a single word of responsibility." He was ordered to immediately write a statement to the party, completely confessing "the opportunist line, factional concepts and even all factional actions."Therefore, Deng Xiaoping wrote the second "inspection" with straight lines.But his opponents were still extremely dissatisfied with his inspection, and once again ordered him to hand over a "decent" statement to the party.Deng Xiaoping stated angrily: "The two inspections I submitted were all true. Looking back on the past, I think that everything I did was written with an attitude of being responsible for the party's cause. ", once again angered those in power!They took Deng Xiaoping to the interrogation room, and they were furious: "Deng Xiaoping! Your three written inspections are all for yourself, and you have never admitted any mistakes!" Deng Xiaoping defended: "It is what it is, and I have nothing to hide. " Those in power said: "You are now ordered to write the fourth statement to the party, and no more concealment is allowed! If you continue to deny it, you must consider your party membership!" Deng Xiaoping suppressed the anger in his heart, and said: "I have stated everything that should be stated. I have carefully considered every sentence. It is all true and true. I can take responsibility for the party spirit. There is nothing more to say now." After speaking, he turned and walked towards his "detention room".Since then, he was interrogated every two days, and he endured mental and physical torture. Deng Xiaoping suffered political hardships, followed by sudden changes in his family life—his wife Jin Weiying also left him.Going through trials and setbacks is by no means an easy task.Fortunately, Deng Xiaoping thought about it lightly and didn't pay too much attention to the cracks in his personal life: the moon will be cloudy and sunny, and people will have joys and sorrows. Furthermore, he thought, how many joys and sorrows a person has to experience in this life, how many hardships in career and life he has to endure, before he can be regarded as "cultivating the right fruit" and reaching the state of Nirvana transcendence of "the four elements are all empty".Whether emotionally or intellectually, he did not blame Jin Weiying too much, because her actions were more out of organizational interference, and he understood her situation very well: he could not resign because of his troubles. She even blamed her for ruining her future, so get together and break up, let's leave! Before he was dispatched to work as an inspector in Nancun District, Le'an County, he signed his name on the divorce report written by Jin Weiying. People in Nancun had never heard of an inspector in the district, so why did Deng Xiaoping come here?People are puzzled.People familiar with him still greeted him cordially: "How is the chief?" One day, the superior ordered him to pack up and return to Ningdu, where the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee is located.It is said that this is because Nancun in Le'an is a border area, and they are afraid of problems. What's wrong?Of course, the person who punished him would not worry about his personal safety.Then there is only one possibility: I am afraid that Deng will defect to the enemy with the party's secrets; Of course, life in Ningdu was even more difficult.Those who punished him asked him to accept a more severe test: to open up wasteland and farm on a barren mountain near Ningdu.He didn't care about wielding a hoe to open up wasteland. As early as in the Hutchinson factory in France, he had trained a pair of hard bodies, and led the Red Seventh Army to travel thousands of miles and trained a pair of iron feet.However, people are like iron, and rice is like steel, and not having enough to eat nearly killed him. "Heaven will send a great mission to the people of Sri Lanka, and they must first suffer from their will, work their muscles and bones, and starve their bodies and skins." Deng silently dug mountains.He said to Cai Chang, who came to visit him suddenly, in an almost begging tone: "Sister Cai, I am very hungry, please get me something to eat." "Okay, okay" Cai Chang looked at his dark and thin face, feeling a pang of sadness in his heart.In Paris, Deng was her favorite little brother. Cai Chang asked him to come to her house for lunch at noon.Cai Chang asked someone to buy back two catties of pork, two handfuls of garlic, some hot peppers, and water and wine. He cooked three dishes and a pot of rice, and asked Deng Xiaoping to come to his house for a full meal.Deng Xiaoping hadn't tasted meat or smelled wine for several months, and he couldn't help but be overjoyed when he heard that there was something delicious. But he was afraid of hurting the elder sister, so when he came, he lowered his straw hat, almost covering his eyes.This "reform-through-labour prisoner" took advantage of the lunch break and sneaked into Cai's house through the back door of the provincial party committee, and had a hearty meal.Before leaving, the eldest sister asked him to bring back some food and wine, and told him to take care of his health and persevere.Because Li Fuchun went to Ruijin to report on his work, he will report his situation to the relevant leaders and seek justice for him. Wang Jiaxiang, vice chairman of the Military Commission and director of the General Political Department of the Red Army, learned about Deng Xiaoping's situation from Li Fuchun, and said: "The temporary central government does not use Deng Xiaoping and bury talents. It is really biased! At present, when the enemy army is overwhelming, how can Deng Xiaoping be allowed to act like this?" Talented people go to open up wasteland?!" In order to save the "buried" Deng Xiaoping, Wang Jiaxiang came up with a way: He asked Deng Xiaoping to be transferred as the acting secretary-general on the grounds that Yang Shangkun, the secretary-general of the General Political Department, went to the front to guard the border.After many efforts by Wang Jiaxiang, Deng Xiaoping finally ended his life in a labor camp and returned to Ruijin, Chidu.When he came to the General Administration Office, Deng Xiaoping cherished the opportunity Wang Jiaxiang gave him very much, and made the "Red Star Newspaper" flourish and flourish. ——Because the burden of editor-in-chief of "Red Star" was on his shoulders, he was able to join the army on the Long March after the failure of the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression".Just imagine, if Deng Xiaoping had been left in the Central Soviet Area to persist in the struggle, what would have happened to his life?Mao Zetan and Gu Bai, who were dismissed together with him, were left behind. Not long after the army went west, these two wronged and humiliated revolutionaries and many young lives were buried in the green mountains and green forests occupied by the enemy. The beginning of the Long March meant the failure of Wang Ming's line.Mao Zedong began to have the right to speak, and under the influence of him and Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping became the Secretary-General of the Central Committee again.There is no record of Deng's formal rehabilitation in party history materials, but when he participated in the Zunyi meeting as the secretary-general of the Central Committee, the "rightist" and "anti-party" hats on his head were undoubtedly cancelled, and not just cancelled. It took him three years to experience the first round of trough in his life from falling to rising. Deng recalled that he lived with Mao Zedong during the Zunyi Conference.The two "big man" and "little man" who decided the fate of China finally met at a critical juncture in history. More than 2,000 years ago, Lao Tzu said: Misfortune depends on fortune, and fortune rests on misfortune. In the 1930s, being in the Central Soviet Area was a "disaster" rather than a "blessing" for Deng Xiaoping.But 40 years later, this "disaster" has become one of the very important factors that determine Deng Xiaoping's political life, and it is a good factor, a key positive factor—— On August 14, 1972, Mao Zedong wrote in his instructions on Deng Xiaoping's second comeback: The mistakes made by Comrade Deng Xiaoping were serious.But it should be distinguished from Liu Shaoqi. (1) He was punished in the Central Soviet Area, that is, one of the four sinners Deng, Mao, Xie, and Gu, and he was the leader of the so-called Mao faction.There are two routes for his materials, and two books since the Sixth National Congress. (2) He has no historical problems.That is, the enemy has not surrendered. (3) He was able to assist Comrade Liu Bocheng in the war and had military exploits. In addition, after entering the city, he did not do any good deeds. For example, he led a delegation to Moscow for negotiations, and he did not succumb to Soviet revisionism.I have said these things many times in the past, and I will say them again now. This is Mao Zedong's instruction, how authoritative and sacred the highest instruction was at that time!Starting from this instruction, Deng Xiaoping's political fate, which was thoroughly criticized, began to turn around. In March 1973, he returned to Beijing from the "cowshed" in rural Jiangxi, resumed his position as vice premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and returned to Beijing. Zhou Enlai's side, assisting Premier Zhou Enlai to preside over the daily work of the State Council. In 1975, Deng Xiaoping was appointed vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and chief of the general staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.Afterwards, he began to go against the crazy trend of the "Left" at that time, and started a comprehensive rectification of all areas of the country. The reason why Xiaoping was hired by Mao Zedong after the second downfall was due to the factors mentioned in Mao Zedong’s instructions and Mao Zedong’s belief that Deng Xiaoping was “a rare talent”, the “Deng, Mao, Xie, Gu” incident in the 1930s , is undoubtedly an important factor that cannot be ignored.Because the reason why Deng Xiaoping was punished at that time was that Deng Xiaoping was implementing the policies and practices advocated by Mao Zedong. The brutal and fierce political struggle within the party in the 1930s put Deng Xiaoping into the faction of Mao Zedong.Mao Zedong kept this in mind, and he remembered it for a full 40 years.For Deng Xiaoping, who was being punished at the time, this was probably something he never even thought about.