Chapter 41 Dangerous crisis lurks in the "heyday"

The Dian army fought fiercely with the Seventh Red Army, and they retreated back to Yunnan as if they had been hit in the head, bankrupting Chiang Kai-shek's plan of "killing two birds with one stone".The Seventh Red Army then marched into Pingma Town, Enlong County for training. At the same time, it hung up the signboard of Youjiang Workers and Peasants' Democratic Government to actively mobilize the masses to carry out the agrarian revolution.The Red Army soldiers, Red Guards and local people loved to sing this song "Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Song": Who is the main force of the revolution?

Diana Lary, a historian of the Soviet Area born in Guangxi, said in a fragment based on his recollections: At that time, the language in the Soviet Area was not opposed to Marx and Lenin, and they did not even understand the basic concepts of Western political thinking.Words such as "liberty" or "equality" also require pantomime.The first movement: a man walks with his hands on the shoulders of another; the second movement: putting his hands down, this is liberation and freedom.Another action: one person takes something from another; the second action: two people share something, which is democracy and equality.What are taxes, the army, and landlords, of course, do not need to be explained in the above way.There is no need for such an explanation for the red regime and the agrarian revolution.They distributed the land of the fugitive landlords to the landless poor, and reduced taxes, and burned tax certificates and title deeds.At this time, this army had seven to eight thousand people and controlled eleven or twelve counties. The red regime obtained sufficient income from commercial taxes in towns such as Baise.The Red Seventh Army hoped to expand its base areas through each battle, but due to incomplete land reform and the fact that the army was mainly Han Chinese, it was not easy to do things in this minority area. The landlord army often took advantage of the Red Army's absence to attack the local revolutionary regime.

According to the memories of Mo Wenhua, a veteran of the Seventh Red Army (who was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in 1955), the Yunnan army withdrew to Yunnan, and the Guangxi faction was lingering after being injured by Chiang again. The Seventh Red Army took the opportunity to vigorously manage the Youjiang Revolutionary Base.In order to improve the political quality of the army, consolidate the achievements of the revolution and adapt to the development of the situation, the military headquarters of the Seventh Red Army held the "Youjiang Party and Government Cadres Training Course" in Pingma for a period of three months.The trainees who participated in the training class were 50 to 60 cadres above battalion and regiment level and leaders from Donglan, Guode (Pingguo), Fengyi (Tianyang), Enlong and other counties.Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Yunyi, Lei Jingtian, Wei Baqun and other party, government and military leaders gave lectures for this training class.

Mo Wenhua said that Deng Xiaoping was about twenty-six or seven years old at that time, with a shaved head and bare feet, and he often wore half-new and half-worn white undershirts and half-new and half-worn gray cloth trousers.He lectured on the issues of workers' and peasants' democratic regime, agrarian revolution, armed struggle, imperialism, etc.His lectures can take into account the different cultural levels of the students, explain the profound things in simple terms, and speak vividly, vividly, and easily understandable, and are closely related to the specific reality of the Chinese revolution.When he expounded how to make use of class contradictions at home and abroad to strengthen himself, he pointed out that the imperialist countries fought to carve up the world, compete for territory, cause conflicts, and fight. In this way, the people of the colonial countries can take the opportunity to carry out revolutionary activities and continuously Weaken the power of imperialism and strive for liberation, independence, democracy and freedom.Similarly, the melee among warlords of various factions in the country is also conducive to the development of revolutionary forces.He took the strategy and tactics adopted by the Seventh Red Army as an example when the Yunnan Army led 20,000 troops along the Youjiang River to attack the Red Army and attacked Nanning.

Mo Wenhua said that he remembered Xiaoping pointing out when talking about the Agrarian Revolution: At present, the land in the countryside is concentrated in the hands of the landlords and gentry, while the vast majority of poor peasants have no land, or only have very little land. This is the root of all the pain of the peasants.The main content of the current revolution is to deepen the agrarian revolution and realize the land to the tiller.He highly praised Wei Baqun's action of burning contracts in Donglan County, farmers no longer paying rent and debts to landlords and gentry, and establishing co-cultivation cooperatives.

Mo Wenhua said that after the training was over, the agrarian revolution in the base areas was basically completed, and the poor peasants were allotted land. Many peasants who turned over asked to join the Red Army, saying that only by joining the Red Army would they have food and clothing.During the training period, several thousand peasant youths signed up to join the Red Army, which expanded the Red Army from three columns to four columns, and the whole army grew to 8,000 people.At this time, the Red Army was strong and strong, eager to try, and fully prepared to expand the base area to meet new battles.

According to Deng Xiaoping, this time was "the heyday of the Seventh Red Army".However, the prospect of the Seventh Red Army in its "heyday" is not optimistic. , a strong "Left" line from the central government casts an unpredictable shadow on the fate and future of the Seventh Red Army... Since Deng Bin reported to the Shanghai Party Central Committee on Guangxi work in February 1930 and left Shanghai to return to Guangxi, due to various reasons, the Central Committee lost contact with the Seventh Red Army in Guangxi. In April, the Central Committee wrote a letter to the Front Committee of the Seventh Red Army, which stated: "Since Comrade Xiaoping left (referring to Deng returning to Guangxi from Shanghai——Author's Note), the Central Committee has not received your report, only from the reactionary I got some news about you in the newspaper."

In the same month, the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China reported to the Central Committee: "The day before yesterday, there were traffic officers from Zuojiang and Youjiang in Guangxi. The news has been separated for a long time, and it has only been restored now. Unfortunately, the two reports they brought were not well written. , leading to confusion, only knowing the general idea.” By June, due to difficulties such as lack of funds, the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China had not yet established communication with the Seventh Red Army in Guangxi.

On June 16, the Central Committee sent an instruction letter to the Southern Office of the Military Commission and transferred it to the Front Committee of the Seventh Red Army (that is, the letter that prohibited Li Mingrui from joining the party and ordered him to be expelled from the Seventh Red Army). The letter stated: "With regard to the issue of the Seventh Army, since Comrade Xiaoping returned to the Seventh Army, the central government has not received a report. After withdrawing from Longzhou and Baise, except for some failures in Longzhou, some comrades went to Shanghai to report. Regarding the whereabouts of most of the troops who withdrew from Baise, The central government doesn’t know much about it, and recently a Western-language newspaper in Shanghai reported that it had arrived near Liuzhou, but the details are unknown.”

In this letter, the Party Central Committee reaffirmed the viewpoint of the "Li San Line" and believed that "there is a great possibility that the world revolution will break out first in China" and demanded that "the revolution first win in one province or several important provinces". South China wants to strive for victory in Guangdong, "resolutely attack the enemy's Liuzhou and Guilin, and develop towards the Northwest River in Guangdong."At the same time, he criticized the attitude of the Front Committee of the Seventh Red Army towards Li Mingrui and Yu Zuoyu as "a very wrong and dangerous issue" and "did not follow the correct instructions of the central government, so the result suffered opportunistic failure"!

It can be seen that the central government represented by the "Lisan Line" is dissatisfied with some practices of the Guangxi Red Seventh Army Front Committee, and because it cannot be contacted, how worried and anxious it is! Therefore, the Party Central Committee in Shanghai sent Deng Gang to Guangxi in order to implement the "Li San Line" more securely in Guangxi. Deng Gang, a native of Huaiji, Guangxi (now part of Guangdong), joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1924 and transferred to the Communist Party of China in the same year. He went to study in the Soviet Union in 1926. After returning to China in 1927, he served as a member of the Guangxi Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Guangxi Special Committee, and the Secretary of the Special Committee. He participated in leading the Guangdong Workers and Peasants Movement and the restoration of the Guangxi Party Organization. In 1929, he successively engaged in the underground work of the Communist Party of China in Guangdong, Shanghai and other places. The central government sent Deng Gang to Guangxi because he was quite familiar with his hometown. In late September 1930, 27-year-old Deng Gang came to the Seventh Red Army as a representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On October 2, the Front Committee of the Seventh Red Army held an enlarged meeting of the Front Committee in Pingma. At the meeting, Deng Gang conveyed the resolution "A New Revolutionary Upsurge and the First Victory of a Province or Several Provinces" formulated by Li Lisan at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on June 11, ordering the Seventh Red Army to leave the Youjiang area and develop eastward , attack Liuzhou and Guilin, establish a revolutionary base area in the Xiaobeijiang area on the border of Guangdong and Guangxi, prevent the warlords of Guangdong and Guangxi from sending reinforcements to the north, and ensure that the province or provinces centered on Wuhan will win first, and finally win the war. Canton to complete the revolution in South China. "Comrades, a new revolutionary upsurge has arrived! The general requirement of this meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee is: join forces in Wuhan and drink horses to the Yangtze River! The tactics for carrying out the task are: concentrate on attacking key points, create local riots along the way, in order to obtain a province or The first victory in several provinces, and then the establishment of a national revolutionary regime!" Deng Gang is very eloquent in speech. His authoritative, dignified, sonorous, powerful, inspiring and emotional speech aroused the longing for rain and the raging passion of the soldiers of the Seventh Red Army! Deng Xiaoping once recalled that, as the political commissar of the Seventh Red Army, he was really excited when he heard that the representatives of the Central Committee conveyed the spirit of the Central Committee that the national revolutionary climax was coming.But he had to calmly consider that at that time Guangxi had been restored to rule by Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi. Although the Seventh Red Army had opened up a base in the Youjiang area and expanded its team, its strength was only a few thousand, and it was very difficult to fight against Baise. Difficult, if you want to win big cities like Liuzhou, Guilin or even Guangzhou, you are not sure at all. After Deng Gang preached the Central Committee’s resolution in the authoritative tone of the imperial envoy, he changed the subject and then conveyed the Central Committee’s criticism of the long-term separation of the Red Seventh Army’s former committee from the Central Committee and its criticism of the land revolution policy in the Youjiang base area: he said The former committee of the Seventh Red Army "the mountains are high and the emperor is far away, while a series of military operations are closed and conservative." Right-leaning rich peasant line", why do those landlords and rich peasants who have not escaped also share the land? They should be mercilessly and completely deprived of all their rights! It's dangerous, very dangerous!He said that the Seventh Red Army's training and transformation of the old army and old soldiers was extremely ineffective, resulting in various cases of betrayal, betrayal, betrayal of comrades, and destruction of the revolution. Why should some old soldiers be reused? (Of course this refers to Li Mingrui)?It's dangerous, very dangerous! In the face of the new strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee and Deng Gang’s serious and sharp criticism of the Front Committee of the Seventh Red Army and the Youjiang Special Committee on behalf of the Central Committee, Deng Bin, the former secretary and political commissar of the Seventh Red Army, and the Youjiang Special Committee had to be aroused. Shen En and misgivings of Lei Jingtian, secretary and chairman of the Jiangsu Weiye Government, and others.Deng Bin, in particular, was even more worried.He could not predict the different views on the revolutionary situation and the revolutionary task at this stage, the new trend of the line struggle within the party, and his worries about the future and fate of the young armed force of the Seventh Red Army. A new upsurge has arrived. First victory in one or several provinces will lead to the establishment of a national revolutionary regime. The sword of Shangfang, which is life and death, is to implement the "Li San Line" in name, but in fact it is to implement the instructions of the Communist International. This instruction has become a sacred and inviolable decree that the CCP must absolutely obey. Deng Bin knew very well in his heart that the Shanghai Lisan Central Committee was not satisfied with the work of the Seventh Red Army, and the arrival of a new central representative was actually the dismissal and denial of him as a central representative.He is the secretary of the former party committee, of course he presided over the meeting, but the main target of the meeting was directed at him.On the first day of the meeting, the atmosphere was extremely tense.If it wasn't for the "communist suppression" brigade of the Guangxi clique colluding with the local bandits to harass the Red Army's garrison, the meeting had to be suspended several times and troops were sent to clean it up, which in turn played a certain role in regulating the atmosphere of the meeting. There is a trend of linear upgrading. However, the spirits of the attendees were not in the slightest. That night, Deng Bin didn't sleep.Worrying and knowing night and day, he thought over and over again the resolutions of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee conveyed by Deng Gang at the meeting and the serious and sharp criticisms of the former committee of the Seventh Red Army and the Youjiang Special Committee, and then associated with several line struggles within the party— — These struggles are always arguing endlessly on the issue of "left" and right, and the differences are quite deep.Confusion and bewilderment filled his chest like a puff of oily smoke, and he felt oppressed. He got up in his clothes and took out his pocket watch. The hour hand was pointing to two o'clock in the morning.He sat down to read the papers, which was his way of forgetting his worries. "Duk, Tuk, Tuk" - someone knocked on the door.It's Lei Jingtian. "This is really fucking 'in dire straits'!" Lei Jingtian grumbled angrily as soon as he entered the door, "He's so majestic when he first arrives! Why should he criticize the former committee and the special committee? foot?" Deng Bin hurriedly pulled a chair for him: "Old Lei, if you have something to say, sit down and talk, sit down and talk." "I can't sleep, and I can't figure it out!" Lei Jingtian sat down on a chair, lit a cigarette, took two puffs and said, "Oh, I can't get in touch with the central government, is it our fault? ?Since you came back from reporting work in Shanghai, I alone sent traffic officers three times to report the situation to the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the Southern Bureau. Two comrades were arrested by the enemy. Would rather be tortured to death by the enemy than utter a single word! Does Deng Bachi know about this? Do the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the Southern Bureau know? Does the central government in Shanghai know? If these dead comrades are alive, listen to them. Seeing Deng Baki talking nonsense, how wronged would they feel? How would they feel?" "Old Lei, don't get too excited! We can present our opinions to the Central Committee and the representatives sent by the Central Committee." Deng Bin obviously restrained his emotions and said, "We have to deal with the mistakes and shortcomings in the work of the Seventh Army's Front Committee and the Special Committee. , people should be allowed to criticize, and as the secretary of the former party committee, I should be the first to review and take responsibility, and at the same time welcome my comrades to give their opinions.” "It depends on whether he has good intentions or ulterior motives. As an imperial envoy, he is not only inconsiderate, but also unreasonably critical and accusatory. No matter what, it is unconvincing and unacceptable!" "I think it's not just because he is an imperial envoy, I'm afraid he has a big background," Deng Bin thought deeply. "In that case, we should know the current affairs." Lei Jingtian laughed at himself, "Oh, those who know the current affairs are Junjie. It's a good word, but what do you mean by 'knowing the current affairs'? How can you be considered a 'Junjie'? Everyone Everyone has an opinion." Deng Bin knows that Lei Jingtian has always been an open-minded and generous person. The seriousness and sharpness of the inner-party struggle that has emerged before him is so difficult for the generous and open-minded Lei Jingtian.He comforted and said: "Old Lei, we will continue the meeting tomorrow. Out of a high sense of responsibility for the party's cause and the future of the revolution, it is absolutely necessary for us to present our different views and opinions in order to achieve understanding and unity. The gains and losses of honor and disgrace will never be cherished." "Well, tomorrow, I, Lei Jingtian, will hit 'Thunder'!" The conversation between the two is obviously from the heart, but it can't get them out of the predicament: the Youjiang River flows day and night, the heart of the guest is not contained, and the long quiet night is full of worries and sleepless.