Chapter 37 "Red China"

After the "Red China" newspaper resumed publication in northern Shaanxi, it followed the Jiangxi period period, and began to print and distribute it from issue 241.Due to the Battle of the Xiangjiang River, all the printing equipment was abandoned in the Xiangjiang River, so it can only be written by hand and printed by mimeograph machines. Although the mimeograph equipment is simple, the handwriting is serious, the layout is carefully designed, and the newspaper is beautiful and generous.The price of the newspaper is one copper dollar per issue, half price for Red Army soldiers.After the newspaper was published, it was distributed to various parts of the Soviet area and front companies through the transport team.After the test of the Long March, the vast Red Army has a good tradition, regardless of the official rank, everyone cares about international and domestic current affairs. Every time the "Red China" newspaper was delivered to a unit or company, people rushed to read it, and even held a newspaper reading meeting to discuss major domestic and foreign events.It can be said that the "Red China" newspaper is a window for Red Army soldiers to understand the international and domestic situation, and it is also a spiritual food for boosting morale and fighting spirit.

"Red China" was founded on December 11, 1931 in Ruijin, a revolutionary base in Jiangxi Province. It is the official newspaper of the Soviet Central Government and the first central newspaper founded by the Chinese Red regime.Zhou Yili was the first editor-in-chief, followed by Wang Guanlan, Yang Shangkun, Qu Qiubai and others.Most of the editorials published in the newspapers were written by the heads of the central party and government departments, maintaining the fighting style and encouraging the soldiers and the people in the base areas.At that time, newspapers were printed in four prints, usually 4-6 pages, and sometimes 8-10 pages.It was a weekly magazine at the beginning, and changed to a three-day magazine from the 49th issue, and changed to a bi-daily magazine from the 149th issue.The circulation was only a few thousand copies at the beginning, and then increased to 40,000 copies at most.The main tasks of the newspaper are propaganda, education, organizing the people in the base areas to participate in the construction of a democratic regime for workers and peasants, opposing the revolutionary war of the Kuomintang military "encirclement and suppression", and developing production.At the same time, it exposes the crimes of Japanese imperialist aggression, criticizes the compromise policy of the Nanjing government, and promotes the CCP's idea of ​​resisting Japan and saving the country.Editorials, monographs and important documents are often published, with columns such as editorials, important news, special news, Soviet construction, news from the Central Soviet Area, party life, red warrior newsletter, worker-peasant newsletter, red dictionary, worker-peasant democratic tribunal, commando, etc. . Under the leadership of Yang Shangkun, Qu Qiubai and others, the "Red China" newspaper realized what it stated in its opening speech: give full play to the leading role of the central government in the Chinese revolution, establish and expand Soviet base areas, create a large-scale Red Army, and organize a large-scale revolution War, overthrowing the Kuomintang's rule and other combat missions.For major events and important activities, the "Red China" newspaper will publish the central decision and related content on the main page, the entire page, hold high the anti-Japanese banner, publicize the Soviet's proposition, and play the role of newspaper propaganda with a revolutionary and militant nature .

After the national "Ge Lao Hui" conference was held in Matou Mountain, Zhidan, "Red China" introduced the basic knowledge of "Ge Lao Hui".Also on the second page of the "Red China" newspaper on September 18, 1936, a "special page for elder brother associations" was arranged.With the headline "The Unprecedented Gelaohui Conference", it reported the situation of the "Gelaohui" conference in East Longdong.This edition also included the "Circular Letter of the Chinese Rivers and Lakes Anti-Japanese National Salvation Committee" and a report on the support of the Soviet by the Brothers and Elders' Association in Ningxia.

After the death of Mr. Lu Xun, the "Red China" published a full page on the third page on October 28, 1936 to mourn Mr. Lu Xun.In the upper left corner, write in large characters like a slogan: "Mr. Lu Xun's spirit is immortal."Published news about Mr. Lu Xun's mourning in Beijing and Shanghai. There was also an excerpt of "Mr. Lu Xun's words" and a hand-painted portrait of Mr. Lu Xun.In the headline position of this edition, the full text of the "Telegram to the Central Committee of the Kuomintang and the Nanjing Government in Memory of Lu Xun" published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Government of the People's Republic of China, pointed out: "The sad news came that Mr. Lu Xun died of illness in Shanghai. Our country The mentor of the literary revolution, the authority in the ideological world, and the most brilliant and brilliant superstar in the literary world have fallen. This is a great loss for the Chinese nation, especially for the current Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement. , the idea of ​​saving the country, and honest speeches, and strive for the liberation of the Chinese nation. Its great contribution to the Chinese nation is no less than that of Gorky to the Soviet Union." Therefore, the Soviet Central Government will solemnly mourn the death of the Chinese nation through six aspects in the entire Soviet area. Mr. Lu Xun.At the same time, the Nanjing government is required to mourn Mr. Lu Xun in eight aspects.

The Red First, Second, and Fourth Front Army joined forces in Jingning and Huining, Gansu, and the "Red China" newspaper gave a full-page report and published an important editorial.When the Fourth Red Army Zhu De and Zhang Guotao came to Zhidan, the "Red China" newspaper published a speech article "Welcome the Red Army Leaders" on the front page, reporting the grand welcome meeting held in Zhidan. To meet the needs of revolutionary literature and art, starting from November 30, 1936, the "Red China" newspaper added a supplement.First, it reported on the establishment of the Chinese Artists Association, occupying the first page and the second page, and published speeches by Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong, and Bogu, as well as reports on literary and artistic activities in the Soviet area.Soon, Mao Zedong inscribed the four words "Red China", which appeared on the masthead on December 8.

After the Xi'an Incident, the "Red China" newspaper published a special page on the front page on December 28 to resolve the incident.The headlines were "Chiang Kai-shek Promises Zhang Yang's Six Demands" and "Japan Feels Uneasy After Chiang Kai-shek's Release".It also published an editorial in the "Red China" newspaper "requiring Chiang Kai-shek to fulfill his promise." The editorial said: "The people of the whole country and bloody military and political generals, under the serious situation of the Japanese invaders provoking civil war and attacking China, warmly and unanimously oppose the attack on Zhang Yang. Crusade action.”, “We deeply hope that the generals in all aspects will work for the peace and unity of the Chinese nation...and hope that Chiang Kai-shek can reflect on this experience so as to live up to the aspirations of the people of the whole country” and so on.

On January 2, 1937, the "Red China" newspaper published an article "Welcome 1937, Report to the National Press and the People" on the front page. The new year is here again. Looking back on the year 1936, many events of great political significance in China took place on the positive side, making 1936 a significant year in the past dark decade. 1936 After the demonstrations of the student movement in December of the previous year, it spread vigorously across the country..." The article reviewed the major events that happened month by month in the past year, and pointed out: It is necessary to understand the great progress of the Chinese revolution in 1936, and it is necessary to raise self-confidence to Light direction impact.The whole country is united to go on the road of resisting Japan and saving the nation, sweeping away the dark clouds in the sky.The year of 1937 was a great victory for the freedom and liberation of the Chinese nation.The final victory must be ours.

It is worth mentioning that the "Red China" newspaper has published articles on "Danba Village" three times.When the Party Central Committee established Zhidan as its capital, Danba village on the Luohe River, 80 miles away from here, had not been liberated despite repeated besieged. Beginning in the second half of 1936, the guerrillas adopted the method of siege. After several months of persistence, Dan Bazhaizi had difficulty drinking water.First, one silver dollar was exchanged for one bucket of water, and then half a bucket of water was exchanged for one silver dollar.Several times Cao Junzhang sent his regiments to sneak down to the bay to fetch water, but they were all killed or wounded by our guerrillas.There is a shortage of water in the stockade, the morale of the army is unstable, and the regiment bandits have become shackles.

The second edition of the "Red China" newspaper on July 26 reported in a timely manner entitled "The Siege of Danba Village": Danba Village has been surrounded by red forces for two months.According to the survey, there were more than a thousand people in the village, eighty or ninety guns, some gentry and landlords in the Soviet area fled, and a small number of revolutionary traitors.The article is divided into three subheadings. In the paragraph "Our Lessons", it says: "The Zhidan Independent Battalion besieged the village for more than a month and failed to liberate the village. Later, a regiment of the Red 29th Army took the task of besieging the village. The militia in the village knew that the main force When they came, they were very panicked, and sent people to send things to write to the Red Army, asking for peace. When the commander hit the stockade with artillery fire, the militia on the stockade refused to negotiate. This is a lesson." In the paragraph "The masses enthusiastically support the Red Army" Said: "During our siege of Danba Village, nearby people continued to send food and vegetables, and the local Red Guards also gathered two to three hundred people to assist the troops in besieging the village." In the paragraph "The First Attack" it was written road:

The attack started, and the red soldiers marched towards the destination one by one. No one flinched, no one fell behind, and rushed forward bravely.In particular, Comrade Guo Shikui, the deputy company commander of the Second Company, led a group of people to fight bravely to the bottom of the stockade, scaring the enemy into panic.And our Comrade Guo was honorably wounded at this time.If we are equipped with good firepower and command well, we will definitely be able to win Danba Village. In the "Red China" newspaper on August 23, an article entitled "Dan Ba ​​Zhaizi - A Hawker's Conversation" was published.Recently, a peddler named Jiang Maodanzi jumped down from the stockade. According to him, he met bandits in March this year and was arrested for several months in the stockade. His life was not as good as cattle and horses. The people in the village can't finish the rest of the rice and feed him to satisfy his hunger. If there is more leftover, eat more, and if there is little leftover, eat less.There are several meals without meals, because there is no food left.His meal a day is by no means guaranteed.Water is rarer than rice, and the water that others drink is not enough, and the water that smells so bad that they have to drink some to survive.

He took advantage of the fact that two guards were not paying attention, one was sleeping and the other was going to cook. He was determined to jump out of the stockade.It is better to die outside the stockade than to die of starvation in the stockade, where there is hope of survival if you jump out.He jumped off the stockade and was spotted by the regiment, who shot him a few times.The rope was tied with a knot in his hand, and he hid at the foot of the stockade, and he came out in the evening. He also said: There is not much water left in the village. In the first few days when there is water, they eat two meals a day.Recently, most of the water in the house is almost running out, and those who have a lot of water can eat for two more days.Those who have little water have already run out, and borrow from others who have water.In particular, the people who were forced to enter the stockade have already encountered the difficulty of having no water, and they can't find enough food if they can't find it.Many sick people in the village died within two or three days, and many died of illness.The people in the village were extremely panicked by the mortars, and when they heard the sound of the mortars, most of them hid.Now the people in the village who were deceived and oppressed are unwilling to stay in the village, and the militia is also very wavering.I want to take down the stockade soon. During the continuous siege of Danba Village, the Red Army thought of a way to tunnel into the village from the west mountain outside the village, but was discovered by the militia.In November 1936, Jiang Hua (Yu Shangcong) was ordered by Zhou Enlai to lead his troops to take over the 30th Red Army to take over the task of guarding the location of the central government.The Central Military Commission decided to organize a special force to fight Danba "Tuweizi" to liberate Danba Village, and appointed Jiang Hua as the political commissar of this force. Zhou Enlai gave him a pair of binoculars and explained the details.Before Jiang Hua led his troops close to Danba Village, the enemy's bullets shot out from the "Tuweizi" indiscriminately.After observing with a telescope from a high ground, Jiang Hua believed that if he attacked by force, he would pay a huge price.After discussing with the commander Bai Zhiwen, he decided to control the gate of the village with firepower and besiege it to death. Once the enemy cut off the water, they would collapse without attacking.Sure enough, after more than ten days, the enemies in the village couldn't bear it due to lack of water.Faced with strong pressure, Cao Junzhang sneaked down the high wall in the northwest direction on a dark and windy night of one month, got into a canal, ran out of the encirclement, and fled to Gansu. The next day, December 4, 1936 , Dan Bazhaizi was liberated. For this reason, the "Red China" newspaper published a news titled "Danba Village Opened" on December 8: Danba Village in Zhidan County has been besieged by our Red Army for several months, and the militias in the village are sticking to the stronghold in an attempt to make a last resort. struggle.Our heroic Red Army conquered the village on the fourth day, the militia was completely captured, dozens of rifles were seized, and a lot of other supplies were seized.The people who were coerced into the village were all happy and very resentful towards the militia.The people of Zhidan were even more happy, celebrating the victory of conquering Danbazhaizi. In January 1937, the Party Central Committee left Zhidan and stationed in Yan'an, and changed the name of the "Red China" newspaper to "New China" newspaper, changing from hand-made mimeograph to machine-printed.