Chapter 15 correct mistakes

Appointed by the Central Committee, Li Weihan and Jia Tuofu led a company's advance team to go southward. When they arrived at Yongning Mountain in Chi'an County, they sent a letter through Mu Shenggui of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee to invite the Secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee to Xiasiwan, Ganquan. concentrated. At this time, Guo Hongtao, deputy secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, went from Wayaobao to Zuodaopu, Fu County, where the headquarters of the 15th Red Army was stationed. Opinion.At the same time, they also received the exact news that the Central Red Army had arrived in Wuqi Town. Several people agreed that Cheng Zihua and Guo Hongtao would go to meet them, arranged for the Central Red Army to raise supplies, and sent people to Wayaobao Provincial Committee and Military Committee to report the situation.

Li Weihan, Jia Tuofu and others met Guo Hongtao and Cheng Zihua in Xiasiwan, learned more about the specific situation in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi base areas, and focused on the ongoing "suppression of counter-revolutionaries."Immediately telegraphed the central government to stop the "suppression of counter-revolutionaries" in time, and launched an in-depth investigation and understanding. On the morning of November 2, the leaders of the Party Central Committee and the soldiers of the Red Army left Baoan City and went down the Zhou River when it unexpectedly began to snow.The Red Army soldiers in ragged clothes were marching in the wind and snow. What made them feel warm was that there were reception stations in the villages along the way. There are buckwheat buns and yellow rice buns in the baskets for the Central Red Army to eat.But this team only drank water, did not eat, thanked the people repeatedly, and arrived at the underground Siwan where the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee was stationed in the evening.

In Xiasiwan, the crowd to welcome the Central Red Army has been waiting for a long time. The Shaanxi-Gansu border Soviet government specially organized the nearby masses and the teachers and students of Lenin Elementary School to line up in two rows on both sides of the road, holding small red flags in their hands, and lined the road to welcome the Central Red Army and its directly affiliated agencies.Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong, and Zhou Enlai walked at the front of the team.Waving to the cheering crowd from time to time.In this Red Army team that arrived in the snowstorm, many people were still wearing hemp shoes barefoot, and their feet were red, swollen and festered from the cold.The clothes were varied, some were wearing tattered gray and black military uniforms, some were wearing military uniforms captured by the Kuomintang, and many were still wearing half trousers.

Xiasiwan is a town on the Luohe River. The kiln houses are scattered on the terraces, forming a small street.There are grocery stores, small restaurants, and mule and horse shops on both sides of the street.There is a Laoye Temple at the west end of the town, a large square in front of the temple, and a theater building to the south of the square. The personnel of the organs directly under the Party Central Committee and the Red Army were scattered and lived in Xiasiwan and nearby villages.Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong, and Zhou Enlai lived in Baiyunde's house in the center of the town. As soon as Mao Zedong arrived at the residence, he sent someone to find the head of Xiasiwan Township to continue to understand the situation of Liu Zhidan and the local Red Army.The township head Tian Youfu was busy arranging accommodation for the Red Army. When he heard that the leaders of the central government wanted to see him, he was both happy and worried.When he arrived at Bai Yunde's house, Mao Zedong enthusiastically shook hands with Tian Youfu and gave up his seat. He asked the head of Tian in his Hunan dialect: "How many bullies, local tyrants, and evil gentry are there around here?" Tian Youfu said stiffly: "Not many." Mao Zedong asked: "Is Liu Zhidan harming the common people here?" Tian Youfu replied, "He destroyed a few villages, nothing else." In the case of Comrade Gan Bian, he was afraid of being caught in the dark if he told the truth, so he only answered four words: "It's normal." He didn't want to say any more.

That night, Zhang Wentian, Bo Gu, Mao Zedong, and Zhou Enlai met with Cheng Zihua, political commissar of the 15th Red Army, Nie Hongjun, chairman of the Northwest Military Commission, and Guo Hongtao, deputy secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee. When talking about the issue of counter-revolutionaries in northern Shaanxi, Cheng Zihua said: "It can't be said that the purge of counter-revolutionaries is all wrong. There must be problems, not all of them." The next morning, the Shaanxi-Gansu border party and government organs held a military-civilian meeting in front of the theater building.The meeting was presided over by Li Jinglin, Secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee. After he read a warm welcome speech, he applauded and invited the leaders of the Central Committee to speak.Mao Zedong stood up and said: "Comrades, today we are holding a military-civilian meeting. We are the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army from Jiangxi. We are a revolutionary team fighting the rich and helping the poor... Now, there are still two big local tyrants bullying us. Overthrow. One is the domestic Chiang Kai-shek, who oppresses 450 million people. Only when Chiang Kai-shek is overthrown can the common people recover; …We want to unite with the army and civilians in northern Shaanxi, fight more victories, and repay you and the masses for their warm welcome.”

Afterwards, Peng Dehuai also spoke with his hands on his hips. He said in a resonant voice: "Since the Long March, we have dreamed of finding a foothold, and now we finally have a foothold. We began to place the wounded soldiers in the rear, and have been The problem that troubled us was solved. We fought a battle in Wuqi Town, defeated the enemy cavalry, and made it dare not invade for the time being. This is our gift to the people of northern Shaanxi. When we return home, we will meet with the The Red Army has joined forces. Of course, the Chiang Kai-shek reactionary clique will not let it go. It has gathered more than 100,000 troops and rushed towards the base area aggressively, trying to drive us into the desert and into the Yellow River when we are not stable. We must join the heroic The 26th and 27th Red Army and the 25th Red Army that arrived earlier crushed the enemy's third "encirclement and suppression".

The speeches of the two leaders of the Central Red Army won long applause. On this day, Zhang Wentian presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and decided to establish the Northwest Revolutionary Military Committee of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Mao Zedong was the chairman, Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai were the vice-chairmen. , Cheng Zihua, Guo Hongtao and others are members of the Military Commission.The newly formed Northwest Revolutionary Military Committee issued an order announcing the resumption of the designation of the First Front Army of the Central Red Army.

It was also on this day that Zhang Wentian presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and listened to the work reports of Guo Hongtao, Deputy Secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, and Nie Hongjun, Chairman of the Northwest Military Commission.Mao Zedong exhorted: "Decapitation cannot be like cutting leeks. Leeks can still grow after cutting, but the head will not grow back together. If we kill the wrong person, killing revolutionary comrades, it is a criminal act. Everyone should Remember this and handle it with caution.”

Zhang Wentian immediately sent Wang Shoudao, Liu Xiangsan, and Jia Tuofu to Wayaobao to take over the Security Bureau of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee to control the situation and avoid further deterioration.Immediately, a "Standing Committee" (commonly known as a five-member group) was formed, with Dong Biwu as the director, and Li Weihan, Wang Shoudao, Zhang Yunyi, and Guo Hongtao. On November 4, the Central Committee set off in two routes.Zhang Wentian took the central authorities to Wayaobao, the resident of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Committee; Mao Zedong took the Red Army headquarters and combat troops to Fu County to join the 15th Army Corps.

As soon as Wang Shoudao and others arrived in Wayaobao, they took over the work of the Northwest Security Bureau.After carefully reviewing the files of "Eradication of Counter-revolutionaries", and conducting thorough investigation and research among the cadres and the masses, the facts have proved that Liu Zhidan is a well-tested and meritorious Communist Party member and an excellent leading cadre of the Red Army. , is by no means a "rightist" or "counter-revolutionary".It was found that Zhidan's "crimes" listed in it were all untenable.The so-called Liu Zhidan's implementation of the "rich peasant line" means that he did not physically destroy the landlords during the land reform, but gave the rich peasants a way out of life; the so-called "Shaoshan doctrine" means that he insisted on separatist regimes in the countryside, launched guerrilla warfare, and did not attack big cities; The so-called "surrenderism" refers to his uniting the patriots in the Kuomintang in the united front work and so on.Obviously, these "crimes" can only prove that Liu Zhidan and other comrades have adhered to the correct line.

When Mao Zedong fought with Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai on the front line, he also called Zhang Wentian and Bogu, asking them to consider in detail the issue of the suppression of counter-revolutionaries in the Soviet area in northern Shaanxi, and pointed out: "A group of people were wrongly arrested, it must be a fact." Wang Shoudao and the others also learned that Comrade Liu Zhidan has a very close relationship with the masses. No matter how hard the struggle is, he always educates cadres and soldiers not to touch the masses. He has a high prestige among the masses. People affectionately call him "Old Liu" ".It is precisely because of the military-civilian relationship like fish and water that the base area in northern Shaanxi can be established and consolidated amidst hardships and hardships.How can a mass leader who is deeply supported and loved by the masses be a "rightist" and "counter-revolutionary"? After analysis, Wang Shoudao became more and more angry at the mistaken "elimination of counter-revolutionaries" in northern Shaanxi, and asked Dai Jiying, who was in charge of the Security Bureau: If Liu Zhidan and his group of cadres are all counter-revolutionaries, how did this revolutionary base area be established and developed?How did the struggle against the enemy persist here?How can Soviet power here be established and consolidated?Regarding these questions, Dai Jiying was dumbfounded and speechless. In order to further verify, Wang Shoudao and the others also questioned several so-called "prisoners" in the prison, clarifying that their identities were sent by the Central Red Army and the Party Central Committee to investigate the suppression of counter-revolutionaries in northern Shaanxi.At this time, the so-called "prisoners" dared to tell the truth.After repeated inspections, except for a very small number of facts that were deliberately fabricated by bad people and planned to persecute, the rest were the result of forced confessions. The series of "crimes" imposed on Liu Zhidan and other comrades by the "Left" dogmatists are also completely slanderous and false words.It also caused more than 200 cadres of the 26th Red Army and local cadres on the Shaanxi-Gansu border to be mistakenly killed, and anger appeared in the Northwest Red Army. The perverse actions of the "Left" dogmatists make loved ones hurt and enemies happy.Landlords, rich peasants, and counter-revolutionaries in some places took the opportunity to counterattack with armed forces and overthrew the red regime one after another, causing an unprecedented and serious crisis in the base areas. Zhang Xiushan (who once served as the secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu border special committee, and served as the deputy director of the State Agricultural Commission after the founding of New China) recalled in his memoir "My Eighty Years" about the suppression of counter-revolutionaries in northern Shaanxi: After Yu Zhenxi, the battalion commander of the Red Army, was arrested, the anti-revolutionaries stabbed him with daggers one by one, forcing him to admit that he was a counter-revolutionary.Yu Zhenxi did not bow his head until his death, and did not frame his comrade-in-arms Zhang Xiushan (first from the right) and his comrades-in-arms and comrades.When Comrade Guo Baoshan, the leader of the Volunteer Army, was interrogated, he asked them, "What sect is Liu Zhidan?" The interrogator said, "Liu Zhidan is a rightist!" Guo Baoshan firmly told them: "Liu Zhidan is a rightist! I am also a rightist!" Some comrades were killed, some were buried alive, and the survivors were devastated beyond words.The central government later verified that they had killed more than 200 party, government and army officials in the Northwest during the campaign against counterrevolutionaries.The red flag on the wall fluttered down on the wall, according to the "Left" line, and those who implemented the "Left" line went against the law, causing doubts and panic among the masses. All counties have "rebelled against the water" (the guerrilla areas and base areas established by our party, during the eradication of counterrevolutionaries, the common people turned to the warlords and the Kuomintang, and the "red areas" became "white areas"); The base area is shrinking day by day.into a serious crisis. Aiming at the unrest in the base areas, Zhang Wentian paid close attention to the issue of suppressing counter-revolutionaries in northern Shaanxi. Together with Bogu and Li Weihan, he called Zhu Lizhi, Secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, to talk.After the work of the five-member team, the facts were basically clarified. Except for Li Xiping and others who had political and historical problems, a group of cadres who were detained were wronged. On November 7, a large number of detained cadres including Liu Zhidan, Gao Gang, and Xi Zhongxun were released from prison. On November 26, the Northwest Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on Examining the Work of Eliminating Counter-Revolutionaries", arguing that the leaders of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee "made serious mistakes of petty bourgeois 'ultra-leftism' and 'madness' in the process of eliminating counter-revolutionaries. This kind of mistake not only prevents the struggle against rightist liquidationism from being carried out smoothly, but also confuses the goal of the struggle and disperses the strength of the struggle; and the weakness of the anti-revolutionary organs, negligence and rudeness in work, and credulity in the confessions of prisoners , which worsened the situation, causing serious consequences within the party and the army in certain places, and objectively helping the counter-revolutionaries.” On November 30, Zhang Wentian presided over a meeting of party activists, attended by central and local leaders, as well as Liu Zhidan, Gao Gang, Xi Zhongxun and other wronged comrades.The meeting announced that Liu Zhidan and other comrades who were wronged have been rehabilitated, and the work will be assigned later; Immediately release comrades who are still in custody; At the meeting, Dong Biwu, Bogu, and Liu Shaoqi all spoke. They highly praised Liu Zhidan and the comrades from Shaanxi and Gansu in establishing the Northwest base area and the army, and criticized the bad practice of using the purge to make trouble.Everyone was emotional, and in their speeches they angrily denounced the anti-revolutionary crimes. Yang Qi, Yang Sen, etc. cried while talking about the cruel persecution of extorting confessions. Especially in Xiasiwan, many good comrades were buried alive. Zhang Wentian asked Liu Zhidan to speak again. He stood up and made three points: "First, comrades have been wronged. Now that the Party Central Committee has correctly handled this matter and clarified the problem, everyone should be happy. Second, the Central Committee leads the whole country. We must Keep the overall situation in mind, unite as one, and fight against the enemy together. We must support the decision of the Party Central Committee. Third, some comrades are not in good health now, so they need to rest and study Marxism-Leninism well.” Everyone who has been wronged listens to Liu Zhidan, the venue The atmosphere on the ground eased. At the end of the meeting, Li Weihan read out the "Decision of the Northwest Central Bureau to Examine and Eliminate Counter-revolutionaries".He pointed out that the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee "made serious mistakes of petty bourgeois 'extreme leftism' and 'madness' in the struggle against counter-revolutionaries".A decision was made to punish Dai Jiying and Nie Hongjun, pointing out: The main responsibility for this kind of mistake should be borne by Comrades Dai Jiying (then Director of Security) who was in charge of all the anti-revolutionary work at that time, and Nie Hongjun (then Chairman of the Military Commission) who was in charge of the anti-revolutionary work in the front.Comrade Dai Jiying also made many serious mistakes in the work of the Security Bureau. He should have received the most serious punishment from the party. Because he has participated in the civil war for a long time and worked for the party for a long time, it is decided to give him a final warning lightly. Comrade Nie Hongjun Give a serious warning. The rehabilitative conference stabilized the hearts of the people, the army, and the hearts of the people.The chaotic situation was reversed.It laid a political foundation for the Party Central Committee to gain a foothold in the Northwest and open up a new situation. After the meeting, Liu Zhidan comforted the comrades who had been wronged, and walked quickly to his home in Shajia Lane.From a distance, I saw my wife standing in the bitter cold wind with Guirong and 6-year-old daughter Liu Lizhen, waiting for Liu Zhidan's return.Liu Lizhen yelled "Dad," and burst into tears, ran towards Liu Zhidan with open arms, threw herself into her arms, and hugged her father's neck tightly, with a childish face and a face of the survivors stuck firmly on the Together.This is the father that Zhenwa and her mother miss, this is the dearest and dearest father in the world, and this is the father that everyone admires!Tong Guirong couldn't help crying when he saw her husband's thinner face and the bloody scabs on his arms and ankles worn away by the shackles. I haven't seen my family for several months, and Tong Guirong has worn down a lot. Liu Zhidan felt guilty, went south and north to war, extorted money from the warlords and the people;On the Shaanxi-Gansu plateau, the people are in turmoil amidst frost and snow.The folk song sang: "There is no peace in the four seasons, soldiers and bandits are as many as dogs, farmers are still starving to death, and human lives are not as good as grass."The common people, suffering from many disasters, yearn for a change in the world so that they can live a stable life. In the early morning of the 14th day of the eighth lunar month in 1903, the son of the teacher Liu Peiji was born in the stone cave dwelling of the primary school in Jintang Town, Baoan County.Looking at the stars, the husband thought of the poem "the osmanthus falls in the middle of the moon", and named the child Liu Jinggui according to the family tree. No one expected that the boy would grow up to be a crowd leader! Accompanied by the sound of reading in Jintang Primary School, Liu Zhidan grew up. When he was 6 years old, he and his mother went back to their hometown in Luzigou, north of Jintang Village, to study in a private school run by his grandfather. At the age of 16, Liu Zhidan went down the Luohe River to study in the higher primary school where the government of the Minguo County in Yongning Mountain is located.In the school on Yongning Mountain, Liu Zhidan accepted Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thought spread by his progressive teacher, faced with the desolate scene of the people in his hometown, and determined to save the country and the people when he grew up. In 1922, Liu Zhidan was admitted to Yulin Middle School and soon joined the Communist Party of China. In the spring of 1926, he went south to enter the fourth phase of Whampoa Military Academy for advanced studies. After graduation, he participated in the Northern Expedition and was sent to Feng Yuxiang's Ma Hongkui Division of the Fourth Route Army of the Allied Army of the National Army as a party representative and political director. In April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup and began massacring Communists. Feng Yuxiang followed Chiang Kai-shek's anti-communism and implemented an internal "purge of the party" and escorted dozens of Communists engaged in political work, including Liu Zhidan, out of the country. He successfully escaped with other Communists and found the CCP organization in Wuhan.After working in the Hubei Provincial Party Committee for a period of time, Liu Zhidan returned to Shaanxi to serve as the communications officer of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee. He went to Shanghai to report and ask for instructions from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In May 1928, Liu Zhidan, in accordance with the decision of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, led the famous Weihua uprising with Tang Shu and Liu Jizeng. Liu Zhidan served as the chairman of the Military Committee of the Northwest Workers' and Peasants Revolution. Many people fought bloody battles with the Kuomintang troops in Weinan and Huaxian, repelling the enemy's attacks many times; The former commander-in-chief Tang Shu died heroically, and the uprising eventually failed. In September 1928, Liu Zhidan returned to his hometown of Baoan County, and together with Communists Cao Liru and Wang Ziyi secretly established the Yongningshan Branch of the Communist Party in Baoan County. Using the school as a foothold, he ignited the fire of the revolutionary armed struggle on the Shaanxi-Gansu border. In April 1929, Liu Zhidan participated in the second enlarged meeting held by the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China in Hongshixia, Yulin.We discussed the armed struggle, and Liu Zhidan proposed to work in the Kuomintang Army and the King of the Mountain, so as to enlist the progressive elements among them to join the people's armed forces.The barrel of the gun will not fall from the sky. It is the most convenient way to transform the enemy's armed forces into your own armed forces by means of military transportation.At the meeting, Liu Zhidan proposed three forms of struggle: "white, red, and gray." "White" means to work in the Kuomintang army and wait for an opportunity to revolt; "red" means to build up its own revolutionary armed forces of workers and peasants;Among the three forms of struggle, the focus is on winning over the Kuomintang troops, instigating rebellion and mutiny, and turning the strength of the Kuomintang into the red armed forces of the Communist Party.This was an innovation in the creation of the Red Army by means of worker-peasant riots that were widely used throughout the country at that time.The meeting also decided that Liu Zhidan would serve as the chairman of the Military Commission of the Special Committee and preside over the work of the Special Committee.Soon, Liu Zhidan asked to do "military movement" work in the Kuomintang army, resigned from the special committee in northern Shaanxi, and returned to his hometown of Yongning Mountain. Leadership, abolishing the style of warlords, strengthening military training, carrying out revolutionary education, and transforming reactionary militias into armed forces controlled by the Communist Party. After careful deployment, Liu Zhidan mobilized the backbone members of the party and the revolutionary forces in the militia, and marched to Taibai Town, Heshui County, Gansu Province in the name of the Sixth Battalion of Longdong Cavalry.On October 1, 1930, a surprise attack on the 24th Battalion of the Longdong Militia Regiment surrendered more than 60 guns and more than 70 mules and horses. This is the famous "Taibai Seize the Gun".Based on these weapons and personnel, three civil revolutionary armed forces were established, and they were active in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area, and the team quickly grew to more than 200 people.Afterwards, Liu Zhidan gathered the three civilian armed groups that were dispersed in Daoshuiwan, Pingdingchuan, for reorganization, and formally established the Nanliang Guerrilla Brigade, which has three brigades with a total of more than 400 people.Liu Zhidan served as the commander-in-chief, and Ma Xiwu served as the quartermaster.An independent revolutionary armed force led by our party was finally born.Since then, the armed struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border has entered a new period of vigorous development. In late October 1931, Yan Hongyan and Yang Zhongyuan led the western Shanxi guerrillas into northern Shaanxi and joined Shi Chujie's peddler team. When it was difficult to carry out guerrillas, they moved to Nanliang and joined the Nanliang guerrillas led by Liu Zhidan Meet at Lin Kam Temple.In the winter of this year, according to the instructions of the provincial party committee, the two teams were reorganized into the Northwest Anti-imperialist Allied Army. Xie Zichang and Liu Zhidan served as the chief and deputy commanders respectively, with a total of more than 700 people.There are two detachments under its jurisdiction, Shi Chujie is the captain of the first detachment, and Liu Zhidan is also the captain of the second detachment. On February 6, 1932, during the training process in Sanjiayuan, Zhengning County, East Longdong, some leaders carried out the "Left" wrong line, and after betraying Liu Zhidan's conspiracy, they suddenly shot and killed the second detachment and the first team at the parade meeting Captain Zhao Lianbi and Deputy Captain Guo Jushan of the Third Brigade confiscated the guns of the Second Brigade and wounded many people. The gun worn by Liu Zhidan was also confiscated. The tragedy of the "Sanjiayuan Incident" happened that should not have happened.Some fighters of the second detachment left the team.Shi Chujie led the merchant team to leave and defected to Yang Hucheng.The red armed forces dropped sharply to more than 200 people.Starting from the overall situation, Liu Zhidan endured humiliation and continued to work actively, helping to reorganize the team into the "Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrillas of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants". In early May, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to rebuild the headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas, and appointed Liu Zhidan as the commander-in-chief.The vigorous red revolution in the Shaanxi-Gansu region terrified the Kuomintang warlords, mobilized several brigades, and aggressively "suppressed" the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas.The commander-in-chief Liu Zhidan used the guerrilla tactics of attacking the east and attacking the west, and avoiding the real and the false. In more than half a month, he fought nine times and won eight times. The enemy's advance and suppression, the guerrillas quickly grew to more than 1,500 people, and the revolutionary momentum grew stronger day by day. In the winter of this year, Du Heng, a member of the Standing Committee of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, came to the army, accused Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang and others of carrying out the "rightist opportunist line" and "Shaoshanism", slandered them for "counter-revolutionary conspiracy", and removed Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang from their leadership positions.Xie Zichang and Yan Hongyan were sent to Shanghai for "training". Although Liu Zhidan was kept in the army, he was not reused.On December 24 of the same year, Du Heng announced at the army meeting in Zhuanjiao Town, Yijun that the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas had been reorganized into the Second Regiment of the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.Wang Shitai served as the head of the regiment and Zheng Yi served as the chief of staff.In this regard, Liu Zhidan does not care about personal gains and losses, and wholeheartedly maintains the unity of the army, showing a strong party spirit. During the establishment of the Zhaojin Revolutionary Base, political commissar Du Heng ordered the 26th Red Army to go to Guanzhong to establish a base, but was chased and intercepted by the Kuomintang garrison brigade, and the troops were surrounded by heavy enemy troops in Lantian. They fought fiercely for several days and ran out of ammunition and food. Almost the whole army was wiped out.Liu Zhidan led more than a dozen people to break out of the siege, relying on wild fruits to satisfy their hunger, and traveled northward, day and night. Fortunately, they met a soldier from the Red Second Regiment, and then joined the lost Wang Shitai and returned to the Zhaojin base.At this time, Wang Taiji, a Communist Party member who served as the head of the Kuomintang army, revolted in Yao County and led his troops into Zhaojin activities.The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China held a joint meeting in Zhaojin and appointed Wang Taiji as the commander-in-chief and Liu Zhidan as the chief of staff. Everyone summed up the lessons of failure, gathered the team, unified command and unified leadership, and quickly achieved a series of victories.The Kuomintang was very panicked, and assembled more than 6,000 militia groups from 4 regiments and 6 counties, and launched a fierce attack on the Zhaojin base.However, due to Du Heng's rebellion, the Provincial Party Committee was also destroyed. Under the attack of a powerful enemy, our army voluntarily withdrew from Zhaojin, and the revolution was at a critical juncture. From November 3rd to 5th, 1933, under the auspices of Liu Zhidan, a joint meeting of the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Special Committee and the Red Army Provisional Headquarters was held in Baojiazhai, Heshui County, East Longdong, and a major decision was made: it was decided to open up the The strategic policy of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base with Nanliang as the center is divided into three guerrilla areas: Northern Shaanxi, Nanliang, and Zhaojin, which support each other.At the same time, it was decided to restore the Red Twenty-Sixth Army and first set up the Forty-two Division.The Baojiazhai meeting in Heshui was a historic meeting, which marked that the Shaanxi-Gansu border party organizations and the Red Army represented by Liu Zhidan would no longer be disturbed by leftism ideologically and politically. In January 1934, Wang Taiji requested to go to the border of Henan and Shaanxi to do military work. The division party committee decided that Liu Zhidan would be the division commander and Yang Sen would be the political commissar. In February, the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Committee was established in Nanliang, and Xi Zhongxun was elected chairman.The vigorous revolutionary situation made the Kuomintang extremely uneasy, so it mobilized more than 10,000 reactionary warlords from Shaanxi and Gansu provinces to launch the first large-scale "encirclement and suppression" against the Nanliang base area.The army party committee held a meeting in Zhaiziwan, Huachi County, Longdong in time, and appointed Liu Zhidan as the chairman of the military committee.Liu Zhidan ordered the local Red Army guerrillas and Red Guards to stick to the base area. He led the main force of the Red Twenty-six Army. After more than seven months of roundabout battles, he fought more than 30 large and small battles, wiped out more than 3,000 enemies, and liberated the vast areas along the Shaanxi-Gansu border. In the countryside, 18 counties successively established red regimes, won the first victory in the struggle against "encirclement and suppression", and the border areas were consolidated. In the arduous armed struggle, Liu Zhidan paid great attention to uniting his comrades, equalizing all superiors and subordinates, not being special, not putting on airs, and connecting with the Red Army soldiers and ordinary people.Like the soldiers of the Red Army, he ate rough tea and light food, lived in an earthen kiln, drilled a straw shed, and mended his clothes. He was deeply loved by the people.He also paid great attention to uniting people outside the party, saying that the more friends the better, so that enlightened gentlemen and old scholars also praised the party's leadership. In early July of the same year, a guerrilla headquarters was established in northern Shaanxi.In the last ten days, Commander-in-Chief Xie Zichang and Political Commissar Guo Hongtao brought the guerrilla detachment and the Red Guards to Nanliang. Invited the northern Shaanxi guerrillas to visit the Red Army Military and Political Cadre School in Liyuanbao, introduced the experience of the construction of the democratic regime of workers and peasants in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the management of army life, conducted tactical exercises, and sent people to the northern Shaanxi guerrillas to explain the central government's promulgation The "Land Law" and its implementation in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area.The northern Shaanxi guerrillas sent people to condolences to the wounded and sick of the Red 42nd Division and the Shaanxi-Gansu border guerrillas, and introduced the experience of the northern Shaanxi guerrillas in mass work.The troops exchanged experience, learned from each other, and enhanced friendship. Afterwards, a joint meeting of cadres above the company and detachment was held in Yanjiawazi. At the meeting, someone criticized the 26th Red Army and read out two instruction letters from the Shanghai Provisional Central Bureau and representatives from the northern part of the CCP. The five big hats completely negate the outstanding achievements of the 26th Red Army in persevering in guerrilla warfare and creating revolutionary base areas.Liu Zhidan and his comrades, with lofty spiritual qualities, loyalty and magnanimity, did not care about the criticisms in the two instruction letters that did not conform to the facts. After the meeting passed the decision of Gao Gang, the former political commissar of the 42nd Division, to go to the Shanghai Provisional Central Bureau for training, Xie Chang also served as the political commissar of the 42nd Division.The Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Military Committee sent the third regiment of the 42nd Division to the north to cooperate with the northern Shaanxi detachment to attack the enemy and open up the situation.He also allocated 100 guns and hundreds of silver dollars to improve the equipment of the guerrillas in northern Shaanxi and solve their economic difficulties.After Wang Shitai, the head of the regiment, and Huang Luobin, the political commissar, led the third red regiment into the Fengfeng base area in northern Shaanxi, and together with the first, second, and fifth detachments of the northern Shaanxi guerrilla, they carried out armed struggles and effectively promoted the development of the northern Shaanxi guerrilla struggle. In November 1934, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers Congress was held in Liyuanbao, Huachi County, Gansu. The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Government and the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Military Commission were being established. Liu Zhidan was elected as the chairman of the Military Commission and Xi Zhongxun was the chairman of the government.The Soviet Bank was founded, currency was issued, market trade was added, and Lenin Primary School was founded, which restored and developed the economy and culture of the base area.The vast number of farmers worked diligently on the new 100% land, and lived a new life without harassment by bandits, bullying by warlords, and no exorbitant taxes imposed by the Kuomintang. At the end of 1934, according to the instructions of the Northern Representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Liu Zhidan led the Second Regiment of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army to the north. On January 20, 1935, he went to Crystal Valley and Dengzhan Bay in Anding County (now Zichang County) to visit and recuperate the wounded. Xie Zichang.Xie Zichang, who was seriously injured, was very moved, and the two reached a consensus on the unified leadership and unified command of the party, government and army in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi bases (Xie Zichang died on February 21, 1935).Then, the Northern Shaanxi Red Army Headquarters and various guerrillas were formally reorganized into the 84th Division of the 27th Red Army, with Yang Qi as the division commander and Zhang Dazhi as the political commissar.A few days later, on February 5, the party organizations of the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi held a liaison meeting in Zhoujiajian, Anding County, and decided that two teams would form the main corps, and the Northwest Work Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Northwest Revolutionary Military Committee would be established. Chang, unified command of the Red Twenty-sixth Army and the Red Twenty-seventh Army.Group photo of the 26th and 27th Red Army and the 25th Red Army joining forces in Yongping Town In February 1935, the Kuomintang mobilized more than 40,000 regular troops from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Shanxi to carry out the second large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi revolutionary base areas. In view of the severe situation, Maojiawan, Anding County The former enemy general headquarters of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Committee was established, and Liu Zhidan served as the commander in chief. With his outstanding military skills, he commanded the Northwest Red Army and local guerrillas to fight against the enemy. Annihilated more than 5,000 enemies, captured more than 3,000 long and short guns, and liberated six counties including Yanchang, Yanchuan, Ansai, Anding, Baoan, and Jingbian, connecting the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi Red Base into one piece, making the The base area expanded to a vast area starting from the Great Wall in the north, Chunyao in the south, Huanqing in the west, and the Yellow River in the east.The enemy's second large-scale "encirclement and suppression" was completely smashed. The main force of the Red Army grew to more than 5,000 people, and the guerrillas grew to more than 4,000 people. On July 3, 1935, the party, government and military organs in the Northwest Base Area moved to Yongping Town, Yanchuan County, and unified command of the revolutionary struggle in the Northwest.So far, the northwest base area has become the "only remaining" red base area in the second civil war in the country. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized more than 100,000 troops from the Northeast Army as the main force, and began the third "encirclement and suppression" of the Northwest Base Area. At this time, the Red Twenty-Five Army, which had retreated from Hubei, Henan and Anhui, passed through Guanzhong and Longdong, and arrived at Baozichuan at the junction of northern Shaanxi in early September 1935.Liu Zhidan was very happy when he found out. He personally drafted a notice to mobilize organizations at all levels and the general public to welcome the arrival of the 25th Red Army. He also sent Xi Zhongxun, chairman of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Government, and Liu Jingfan, chairman of the Revolutionary Military Committee, to Baozichuan to welcome them. At the critical moment of countering the "encirclement and suppression" by the Kuomintang army, the northern representative of the Central Committee sent Zhu Lizhi and the Shanghai Provisional Central Bureau sent Nie Hongjun to northern Shaanxi to solve the so-called "rightist" and "counter-revolutionary" issues.After the Northwest Red Army and the 25th Red Army joined forces, they were combined into the 15th Corps of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, forming the new Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and the Northwest Military Commission, excluding cadres from the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the former commanders of the 26th Red Army.Started the "Left" line anti-revolutionary activities, slandered Comrade Liu Zhidan as "Rightist", and then accused him of being a "Rightist" and "secretly colluding with the Kuomintang troops", and finally simply put him on "White Army officer" and "counter-revolutionary". hat of.After the great victory in the Laoshan Battle, almost all cadres above the original Red 26th Army Battalion, the Northwest Military Commission, and Shaanxi-Gansu Border County were arrested, and more than 200 people were brutally killed. The base area was horrified. On October 6, the executors of "Left" dogmatism also issued a secret letter to arrest Liu Zhidan, using the pretext of commanding the northern front battle to trick Liu Zhidan back to Wayaobao, intending to arrest him secretly. Xi Zhongxun, former chairman of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Government, described Liu Zhidan's arrest in his article "Mass Leaders and National Heroes": Liu Zhidan was going to a meeting in Wayaobao, the capital of the base area, but on the way, he ran into a correspondent from Wayaobao.The correspondent knew Liu Zhidan, said that there was an urgent letter to the 15th Army, and handed it to him.Comrade Liu Zhidan opened it, and it turned out that the Security Bureau ordered him to be arrested.He was very angry at this criminal act of disregarding the overall situation and engaging in conspiracy to frame comrades.But in order not to split the party, prevent the Red Army from killing each other, and not give the enemy an opportunity to take advantage of, he disregarded his personal safety and tried his best to avoid conflicts. He calmly returned the letter to the correspondent and said: "Hurry up and send the letter." Send it to the Legion Headquarters, and say that I went to Wayaobao by myself." He got on his horse and galloped all the way to Wayaobao.On his arrival he was thrown into prison and tortured.Even his war horse was imprisoned.At the same time, his wife, who brought his 5-year-old daughter, was also sent to the labor camp.Facing the cruel reality that he could be shot and buried alive at any time, Comrade Liu Zhidan took it calmly.He said to his comrades in prison: "We can't tell lies even if we die. Dark clouds can never cover the sun." In prison, Liu Zhidan was handcuffed, ankle-shackled, and even finger-cuffed. He was tortured and suffered severe physical and mental damage. He was in danger of being decapitated at any time.However, Liu Zhidan was upright and upright, insisted on the truth, did not yield to the "Left" dogmatic executors, and maintained morality and conscience with a firm and pragmatic attitude. Zhang Xiushan, the former secretary of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee, would rather die than surrender during the torture process, and refused to admit that Liu, Gao, his comrades, and himself were the ones with problems.慷慨地大声呼喊：“你们把我杀了就算了！我死没问题！二十六军创建不易，它是许多同志用头颅换来的呵！”在连续用刑之后，张秀山放声大哭：“你们可怜可怜二十六军罢！这里边的干部全是好的啊！你们不要把二十六军的干部都冤死了。” 张秀山视死如归，不讲违心话，把党性和良知看得高于生命，不乱招乱供，以凛然的气概奋然力争，让执行肃反的负责人心里发怵。 其实，肃反是后方和前方同时开始的，范围很大，军队里开始捕人，也派出战士到各地方政府去抓捕人。前方“左”倾教条主义执行者给陕甘晋省委来信说：前方的干部战士意见很大，情况很严重，要求后方派干部来前方来帮助工作。 事实上，最残酷的肃反在前方，连续的杀人、活埋人，根据地一片恐怖。西北红军情绪激烈，一部分队伍拉开阵势，随时准备与红二十五军火拼，剑拔弩张，一触即发。老百姓见了红二十五军的战士很冷淡了，要么敷衍，要么不提供方便；乡村干部见了南方战士就设法躲避，尽量不答话。 赵启民在他的《党中央毛主席纠正错误“肃反”》的中文章中说：“看管之严难以用笔墨形容，连站起来伸伸腰、睡觉时翻个身，都要报告，否则就是一顿毒打，诬你'要逃跑'。至于审讯时的肉刑就更残酷了。” 黄罗斌在《在“肃反”中的遭遇》中说：“五花大绑，倒吊在房梁上”，“伴之而来的是大声斥责、严酷的逼供信和劈头盖脸的棍棒和皮鞭。” 习仲勋在《红日照陕甘》中说：“'左'倾机会主义路线的执行者大搞逼供信，搞法西斯审讯方式，天气很冷不给我们被子盖，晚上睡觉绑着手脚，绳子上都长满虱子；一天只放两次风，看守人员拿着鞭子、大刀，看到谁不顺眼就用鞭子抽，刀背砍。” 马文瑞在他的回忆录中写道：“一到保卫局就被戴上脚镣。该局局长戴季英亲自抡着皮鞭打人，完全是法西斯那一套。”“吃得是沤谷米饭，还只给一点儿，根本吃不饱。” 11月5日，王首道等人接管了保卫局，很快首批释放了被关押在监狱里的刘志丹、习仲勋、高岗、张秀山等18个人。12月初，经中央党务委员会调查和审查，大部分被捕者获无罪释放。蔡子伟、黄子文、张文华被判了刑，李西萍被判处死刑。 在党中央纠正肃反错误的过程中，徐海东对毛泽东讲：红二十五军这里依然有300多人从鄂豫皖时期就被打成“改组派”、“AB团”、“反革命嫌疑犯”，至今还戴着“帽子”，长征中没有资格拿枪，活动受到限制，从事背弹药、抬担架、挖工事的杂活，被歧视和压制。毛泽东说：他们能跟着走过长征，就说明他们是忠于革命的好同志，立即摘掉帽子，恢复党、团籍。徐海东在为这些同志宣布平反的大会上，说了一声同志们就泪流满面……