Chapter 52 9. The "explosive speech" of the old-timers

The 17th China Writers Association Party Group Enlarged Meeting held on the afternoon of August 14 was a turning point. The sudden effect of the turning point was so strong that the majority of participants were unexpected, and even exceeded the expectation of the meeting host.At this meeting, Feng Xuefeng changed from a companion to a main fighter, and became the main target of the meeting. Feng Xuefeng's qualifications are very old. He joined the party in 1927. He served as secretary of the Left League Party Committee, secretary of the Cultural Committee of the Shanghai Central Bureau, director of propaganda of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, and vice president of the Ruijin Central Party School. He participated in the Long March and has a good character. Highly respected."When many old comrades in the 1950s talked about him, there was a sense of respect in their tone, saying that he was a true Communist.In 1954, at the enlarged joint meeting of the Presidium of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the Writers Association that criticized the "Literary Newspaper", Feng Xuefeng was in a heavy mood when he was criticized, shed tears, and felt that he had failed the party.

Xu Guangping was the first to criticize Feng Xuefeng at the expanded party group meeting of the Writers Association in August 1957 on August 4th.Xu Guangping said that yesterday Comrade Ding Ling's words clinging to history, first of all, she admitted that she was on good terms with Comrade Xuefeng in Shanghai. Because Comrade Xuefeng and Comrade Zhou Yang had opinions, she also had opinions on Comrade Zhou Yang. This seems to be a personal matter. .As for Comrade Xuefeng, it was always heard that he was sick and busy, and I seldom interacted with him.Comrade Xuefeng is an old cadre and old party member. As an old friend, I hope they will return to the side of the party and the people.It is very annoying that people with ulterior motives continue to use Lu Xun's name to attack Comrade Zhou Yang.When Lu Xun’s tomb was relocated last year, Comrade Zhou Yang and I were both in Shanghai. In my planned speech, I described Lu Xun as “as a Chinese person.” Comrade Zhou Yang suggested changing it to “Lu Xun is not just one of the Chinese people, but The best and most loyal son of the Chinese people", the inscription on Lu Xun's tombstone was also written by him at the chairman's request.

Then, at the 12th enlarged meeting of the party group on August 6, Lin Mohan made a long speech. After criticizing Ding Ling, he also expressed his "a little opinion" on Feng Xuefeng, and talked about three issues: the long-term abnormal relationship with the party, He has serious individualism and heavy burdens; he runs counter to the Party’s and Chairman Mao’s thoughts on literature and art, and the most important thing is that he has a wrong view on the relationship between politics and literature; he has serious sectarian sentiments. He didn't respect Mr. Lao She very much, and he didn't respect Mr. Guo enough.

The more focused exposing and criticizing Feng Xuefeng was the speech delivered by Wang Renshu of the People's Literature Publishing House at the 15th meeting on August 9.Wang Renshu, whose pen name is Ba Ren, served as the ambassador to Indonesia in the early days of liberation. In 1954, he went to People's Literature Publishing House as the vice president and editor-in-chief. In 1955, Feng Xuefeng was transferred to be the president. They worked together.Wang Renshu exposed Feng Xuefeng's problems in the rectification movement and the anti-rightist struggle, some of which belonged to the differences in business thinking between him and Xuefeng.He believes that during the rectification movement, Xuefeng "kindled fires everywhere and attacked the party."

According to Guo Xiaochuan, at the meeting in Zhongnanhai on the evening of August 9, the central leadership decided that the next step of the expanded party group meeting of the Writers Association would be to launch a struggle against Xuefeng, sweep away the periphery, and further expose Ding Ling and her clique.He said that this decision was obviously made based on Zhou Yang's report. On the morning of August 10, the leading party group of the Writers Association held a meeting to communicate and implement the instructions of the central leadership, determine the next step of the struggle deployment, and decided to turn to criticize Feng Xuefeng.

At four o'clock in the afternoon on the 11th, Zhou Yang had a conversation with Feng Xuefeng, many of which were "old problems".Guo Xiaochuan, who participated in the conversation, remembered that Zhou Yang asked Feng Xuefeng: "Who gave you the task before you set off from northern Shaanxi?" Feng Xuefeng said: "Comrade Luo Fu." Zhou Yang asked: "What did he say?" Feng replied: "He They said that there is no party organization in Shanghai, and the party organization has been destroyed.” Zhou Yang said: We fought alone, raising slogans and doing work in accordance with the instructions of the Communist International and the declaration of the Party Central Committee.As soon as you came, you immediately sneaked into Lu Xun's house, got involved with people like Hu Feng and Xiao Jun, and ignored us at all. We couldn't find you, so you ordered to stop our party activities.Zhou Yang also seemed to mention that before Feng Xuefeng came to Shanghai, their relationship with Lu Xun was relatively good; after Feng Xuefeng came to Shanghai, he surrounded Lu Xun with Hu Feng and others, and deceived Lu Xun. Lu Xun regarded Feng Xuefeng as a representative of the party. , of course they feel even more disgusted with Zhou Yang.Lu Xun was very ill at that time. Feng Xuefeng and Hu Feng took advantage of Lu Xun's illness and published several articles in the name of Lu Xun to oppose Zhou Yang's "Left League Party Organization", so that they had white terror outside and Feng Xuefeng inside Strike, the situation is very difficult.Speaking of this, Zhou Yang cried.Then he told Feng Xuefeng: "We have to stand criticism once." Feng Xuefeng said that he was afraid of being made a member of an "anti-Party clique." Check it out.That conversation lasted three hours from four to seven in the afternoon.Lin Mohan, Shao Quanlin, and Liu Baiyu also participated. They only interjected a few words occasionally, and Feng Xuefeng seldom spoke, mainly Zhou Yang spoke alone.

On August 13, Shao Quanlin made a long speech of the nature of "summary". After comprehensively criticizing Ding Ling and Chen Qixia, he also talked about "Comrade Xuefeng's anti-Party mistakes", saying that a person like him who has 30 years of history in the party and has served as an important The party members who worked, participated in the Long March, and lived in the Shangrao Concentration Camp have always had an incorrect relationship with the party. It is said that Xuefeng had a quarrel with the leaders in Shanghai after the start of the Anti-Japanese War, and then left the party organization and ran back to his hometown in Zhejiang.Shao Quanlin said: In 1953, at the Second Wendai Conference, there was a crisis of splitting within the party. My work was really difficult at that time, and the "Literary News" could not get involved. A literary research institute is untouchable, and once touched, it will cause a tantrum. Wen Jing went to edit "People's Literature", but Ding Ling and Xuefeng refused to give a manuscript.Shao Quanlin also criticized Xuefeng's literary thought, saying that he sympathized with Hu Feng's thought and disagreed with Chairman Mao's speech at the symposium on literature and art.

In Shao Quanlin's manuscript, there was no criticism of Feng Xuefeng, but after the Zhongnanhai meeting on the 9th, Zhou Yang asked him to add it.Shao Quanlin did not talk about the more sensitive part of the Left League, but only said, "During the ten years from 1927 to 1937, I don't know. I only know that he was leading the Left League. The work was not good, resulting in a split within the party. This can be determined by other comrades. Let’s talk.” Set up a suspense and plant a foreshadowing. It was Xia Yan's "explosive speech" at the meeting on August 14 that really encircled Feng Xuefeng.

On August 14th, when the meeting was held at 2:00 pm, Vice Minister of Culture Xia Yan was the third to appear, with a manuscript in hand, and he came prepared.Most of his speech was about history, first he talked about Ding Ling: "I have known Ding Ling for about twenty-eight or nine years, but I am probably the person who has the least contact and conversation with Ding Ling. I don't want to talk about the past, but In order to understand this man, I have to talk about the history of twenty years ago." Then he talked about a piece of "history": After Ding Ling was arrested, there was a very common legend in Shanghai that Feng Da turned himself in and brought a secret agent with him. The purpose of catching Ding Ling was to take Ding Ling back from Xuefeng, because at this time Xuefeng and Ding Ling had an improper relationship between men and women.

It is quite new to describe a political event in which the Kuomintang reactionaries strangled the left-wing cultural movement as a romantic grievance between three people! Then he turned to Xuefeng: "Since I have drawn Comrade Xuefeng, I would like to say a few words to Comrade Xuefeng." Xia Yan said that when Xuefeng arrived in Shanghai from Wayaobao in 1936, he did not seek us or a party organization eager to connect with the central government. The slogan "Popular Literature of the Revolutionary War" aroused the controversy of the so-called two slogans, and introduced and approved Hu Feng to join the party.After liberation, there was a line in Shanghai that resisted the implementation of the party's cultural policy, namely Xuefeng, Hu Feng, Liu Xuewei, Peng Baishan and others.Xia Yan said: "I can't help but think of a public case 20 years ago. Several of us have been framed for 20 years. Today I want to talk about it here. Until August this year, we always thought that "Answer to Xu Maoyong and About the Anti-Japanese War" The article "United Front" was written by Mr. Lu Xun. Now Xuefeng has admitted that he drafted this article. Comrades present here are invited to read this article again. I will not discuss other issues here, but I will only talk about the so-called A section on the issue of 'internal traitor'." Then, Xia Yan explained the section on the "four men".

After Xia Yan's speech, the atmosphere in the venue was very intense, and many people were very excited. Xu Guangping, Sha Ting, and Lou Shiyi made speeches. On February 6, 2002, Li Na told the author that I was sitting next to Zhou Libo's lover Lin Lan. I saw Feng Xuefeng's hair was all white, and I thought he was very pitiful. We had a good impression of him. I cried a lot. Everyone cried. Li Xin recalled: The meeting on August 14 was the most tense meeting. When Xia Yan was speaking, someone shouted "Feng Xuefeng stand up!" followed by someone shouting "Ding Ling stand up!" Stand upright choked up, burst into tears.Xia Yan mentioned that Xuefeng used the name of Mr. Lu Xun to write "Answers to Xu Maoyong and Questions about the Anti-Japanese United Front" that was inconsistent with the facts. At this time Xu Guangping suddenly stood up, pointed at Feng Xuefeng and loudly reprimanded: "Feng Xuefeng, look at you. What happened? You are a big liar!" Feng Xuefeng stood dumbfounded, at a loss.Ding Ling stopped sobbing and listened quietly.The atmosphere in the venue was tense and silent.Zhou Yang also stood up and questioned Feng Xuefeng for "political framing" of them.Later, when Xu Guangping made a formal speech, his attitude was relatively calm, and he said: "All the facts that do not conform to the facts can not be completely attributed to Lu Xun." He also said: "I have sent the article about the controversy between the two slogans to the Lu Xun Museum. Let’s have a look.” “The article with the two slogans was written by you (referring to Feng Xuefeng), but it was rewritten by Lu Xun himself, and there are still words rewritten by Lu Xun himself on the original manuscript.” Xu Guangping said something fair, and Xu Maoyong agreed. Putting Lu Xun in charge relieved Feng Xuefeng's pressure. However, Xu Guangping's second important speech was omitted when Guo Xiaochuan edited the "Speech Collection".How strange!Probably because it explained the truth and exonerated Feng Xuefeng. A week later, on August 21, Zhou Yang asked the Central Propaganda Department office to go to the Lu Xun Museum to borrow the original manuscript of the letter "Answer to Xu Maoyong".Shi Suo and Wan Jiaji said in the article "Feng Xuefeng in the Vortex of Political Criticism": "Of the fifteen pages of the original manuscript, there are four pages, about 1,700 characters, which are completely written by Lu Xun. Xia Yan's explosive speech The paragraph about the four men who accuses Feng Xuefeng of being untrue was written by Lu Xun. The first eleven pages are Feng Xuefeng’s handwriting, but it has been revised by Lu Xun. . . What was written was Lu Xun's article." Lin Mohan said in "Some Major Events on the Literary and Art Front in Seventeen Years": "When criticizing Ding Ling, Feng Xuefeng's 'problem' was brought out because the relationship between the two was close. Comrade Feng Xuefeng worked diligently and rigorously after liberation. Sometimes it is a bit extreme. At the beginning, the criticism of him was only about the relationship with Ding Ling and some speech issues; later, it took a sharp turn and became so serious because Xia Yan raised the issue of the 1930s. Xia Yan’s speech at the criticism meeting against Feng Xuefeng was simply It is an 'explosive news'. Xia's speech raised two major issues. One is that Feng Xuefeng went from northern Shaanxi to Shanghai in 1936. Instead of looking for Zhou Yang and Xia Yan, he went to Lu Xun and Hu Feng, and even connected with Zhang Naiqi. Zhang Naiqi After getting in touch with Feng Xuefeng, Qi once said to people outside the party: "If Zhou Yang and Shen Duan come to you first, you can turn them to the arrest room. People who don't know the situation can't judge this. The second is Lu Xun's answer to Xu Maoyong's article It was written by Feng Xuefeng, in Feng's handwriting. Xia Yan said that the original copy exists in the Ministry of Culture, and he has seen it. That is to say, Feng Xuefeng pretended to be Lu Xun and wrote an article scolding 'four men'. Zhou Yang once expressed his agreement with Xia Yan's speech. At that time, it should have been I took the original to look at it, but I didn't do it. Later, I read the original manuscript, and most of it was Feng Xuefeng's handwriting. But where it was said that Zhou Yang and others were "Si Tiao Hanzi", more than four pages were added by Lu Xun himself. He also said: "A few years ago, there was an episode when Comrade Feng Xuefeng was rehabilitated. People's Literature Publishing House wrote a eulogy for Feng Xuefeng, which mentioned: Feng Xuefeng did a lot of work for Lu Xun's closeness to the party. Feng was the first to communicate with Lu Xun. The relationship with the party was earlier than Qu Qiubai. In this regard, Feng Xuefeng has merit. When Feng went from northern Shaanxi to Shanghai, the Central Committee Zhang Wentian and Zhou Enlai had instructions to find Lu Xun first after Feng arrived in Shanghai, because Lu Xun was the most reliable. Yes. It is understandable for the central government to make such an explanation to Feng. At that time, they were engaged in underground work, and comrades had not seen each other for many years. The underground party played a provocative role in insisting on his critical speech against Feng in 1957. Because Xia Yan opposed the formulation of the eulogy, the memorial service was delayed for a long time. Later, Xia Yan wrote his views in an article and published it in "Literature This matter has aroused very strong reactions. The differences in understanding of some issues in the 1930s have not been resolved until now. Sectarian sentiments are still present.” The 18th meeting on August 16 and the 19th meeting on August 20 mainly criticized Feng Xuefeng.Speakers included Zhou Libo, Zheng Zhenduo, Li Bozhao, Zhang Tianyi, Yuan Shuipai, Chen Huangmei, He Qifang, Ai Qing, Wang Meng, and Chen Yong. The last speaker on the 20th was Guo Xiaochuan. He spoke for an hour from 6:00 to 7:00, and talked about many issues in the 1930s. In order to prepare for this speech, he went to Wang Xuewen, a member of the Shanghai underground party in the 1930s, to learn about the situation.But for his speech, only Lin Mohan thought it was "not bad", Zhou Yang never commented or expressed his opinion. Feng Xuefeng also spoke at the conference on the afternoon of August 16, but was interrupted before finishing his speech. On August 27, "People's Daily" published a report: "Participant of the Ding Chen Group and fellow traveler of Hu Feng's thoughts (shoulder title) Feng Xuefeng is an anti-Party element in the literary and art circles (theme)", this is the second stage of the struggle of the enlarged party group of the Chinese Writers Association Summary of results.The report said that the expanded meeting of the Party group of the Chinese Writers Association "further revealed that Feng Xuefeng, vice chairman of the Writers Association, member of the Party group of the Writers Association, and president of the People's Literature Publishing House, not only participated in the activities of the Ding Chen anti-Party clique, but The Literary Publishing House fanned the flames and encouraged elements dissatisfied with the Party to attack the Party. A series of serious anti-Party words and deeds by Feng Xuefeng over the past twenty years were also exposed at the meeting.” The following five subheadings are: Supporters of the Ding Chen Anti-Party Clique and participants; the "blue sky" of the rightists of the People's Literature Publishing House; 30 years of consistent opposition to the party's leadership; anti-Marxist literary and artistic thoughts consistent with Hu Feng; reactionary social thoughts. The report concludes: "The meeting has been held nineteen times from June 6 to August 20, and a total of more than a hundred people have spoken at the meeting. After the twelfth meeting, continue to speak at the meeting Xu Guangping, Lao She, Qian Junrui, Xia Yan, Zheng Zhenduo, Cai Chusheng, Shao Quanlin, Zhang Tianyi, He Qifang, Zhou Libo, Zhao Shuli, Wang Renshu, Yuan Shuipai, Ge Qin (seventeen people spoke together), Feng Zhi (with Wu Zuxiang, Bian Zhilin, Chen Baichen, Zhang Guangnian, Sun Weishi, Zang Kejia, Yan Wenjing, Jiang Tianzuo, Sha Ting, Lou Shiyi, Ruan Zhangjing, Li Bozhao, Hanzi, Wang Shijing, Wang Meng, etc. Ding Ling made a total of five speeches at the meeting, with a very positive attitude. Dishonest. At the meeting, everyone was unanimously outraged by her attitude. Everyone was also extremely dissatisfied with Feng Xuefeng's hesitant explanation at the eighteenth meeting. The meeting is still going on." Guo Xiaochuan later discovered that his name had been crossed off in the list of speakers.He had seen the proof sheet released on August 17th, which had his name on it.He concluded that it was Zhou Yang who "hooked him off".Why did Zhou Yang "hook off" him? This manuscript was originally written by People's Daily reporter Ye Yao and Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Yunhui, and Guo Xiaochuan participated in the revision. On August 15, he and Ye Yao listened to the opinions of Lin Mohan and Shao Quanlin. They all believed that the issue of the Left League should be written in a paragraph. There was such a paragraph in the proof on August 17, mainly citing Xia Yan and Xu Guangping’s paragraphs. On the 23rd, Guo Xiaochuan added another paragraph. When discussing this manuscript at Zhou Yang's home on the 24th, Zhou Yang advocated deleting the Leftist League section.Guo Xiaochuan remembered that he also seemed to say, "On the issue of the two slogans, we should wait for the central government to speak, and we don't want to talk about it ourselves." Zhou Yang has already made mistakes in relation to Lu Xun, this time he has to be cautious.He knew that Mao Zedong admired Lu Xun very much, and Feng Xuefeng was appointed by the Party Central Committee when he came to Shanghai, and the issues of the 1930s were very sensitive, especially in this eventful autumn, so he had to be more careful. When Guo Xiaochuan had dinner at Lin Mohan’s home on the evening of August 14, when talking about Xia Yan’s speech that day, Lin Mohan said that we should not be sure which of the two slogans is “National Defense Literature” and “Popular Literature of the National Revolutionary War.” , which one is wrong, because the central government has not yet drawn a conclusion. Zhou Yang has never expressed his position on Guo Xiaochuan's criticism of Feng Xuefeng, and this is the reason. For the sake of safety, he even simply erased Guo Xiaochuan's name - his identity is different, he is speaking on behalf of the party group.