Chapter 41 7. The Anti-Rightist Struggle Officially Launched

June 8th was Saturday, Chen Ming called Luo Feng in the morning and asked him to come to his house for lunch.After a while, Pu Xixiu and Yao Fangzao, Beijing-based reporters of Wen Wei Po, came to interview Ding Ling. Later, this incident became one of Ding Ling's major anti-Party charges. Ding Ling talked about this incident at the enlarged meeting of the party group on September 3 and said: A few days before June 8, Pu Xixiu called and said he wanted to come, but Chen Ming answered the call and refused her.On the morning of June 8th, Chen Ming called Luo Feng and said that it was inconvenient for you to eat because there was no nanny, so come to our house for lunch.Luo Feng said on the phone that he might not come, but he came after a while.We didn't talk for long, Pu Xixiu and Yao Fangzao broke into our small room, because the house was being repaired and the door was left open.We were in the east hut and didn't expect them to come.Pu Xixiu first asked where is the mystery of the literary and art world?I said, Comrade Quan Lin's rectification report talked about it all.After a stalemate for a while, she asked my question directly.I said I didn't know what was wrong with me.Speaking of the end, I said that I am a party member, and the party group cannot tell you, and I cannot tell you.She asked me again if the party group would have a meeting today, and I said I didn't know.She said that we should go to the party group, and I said that you should go.Today's conversation, I thought I was vigilant.After they left, Chen Ming asked Luo Feng if I had made any mistakes. Luo Feng said that it was right to refuse, and that he should be careful with these people.In the afternoon I told Comrades Quan Lin and Li Zhilian about this matter, and later I told Lu Fei and the others.

Just because Ding Ling said, "Go and ask the party group", it turned out to be her charge of colluding with rightists outside the party to attack the party. There was no meeting of the Writers Association on the 8th, but there were more important things than the meeting on this day. One is that Lu Ding clearly expressed his negative attitude towards the enlarged party group meeting being held by the Chinese Writers Association.Guo Xiaochuan said in his diary: At 10:30 in the morning, he went to Liu Baiyu's place. Liu Baiyu told him that Minister Lu had talked to him, "Lu said that you must fight with resilience. The more people tell you to go down, the harder it is to go down!" He thinks that Zhou Yang has no sectarianism, and people pay too little attention to the fact that this is a battle, a struggle in the direction of literature and art. He believes that the struggle between Ding and Chen must continue, and don’t be afraid of chaos.” Lu Dingyi categorically denied the tendency of the meeting, he favored Zhou Yang, and insisted on We must continue to fight against Ding Chen, and take a tough attitude. The minister who proposed to correct the wrong case on May 24 couldn't sit still after just two meetings. In 1955, the meeting to fight against Ding and Chen was held as many as fifteen or six times.Presumably Zhou Yang and Liu Baiyu's report mixed with personal emotions affected Lu Dingyi.What's more, Lu Dingyi's attitude towards Ding Ling was harsh and ruthless from the very beginning.

There is a reason for Lu Dingyi's contradictory statement, because he already knew the spirit of the "superior" at that time, and knew that the rectification of the wind would soon turn into a struggle against the rightists. Another thing is that on the same day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Organizing Forces to Prepare to Counter the Attacks of Rightists" drafted by Mao Zedong, which said: "This is a big battle (the battlefield is both inside the party and outside the party)".Also on the same day, "People's Daily" published Mao Zedong's editorial "Why is this?" "The editorial pointed out: "Some people use the party's rectification movement to carry out sharp class struggle" and "we must use the perspective of class struggle to observe the current phenomena."Mao Zedong's instructions and the "People's Daily" editorial marked the official launch of the anti-rightist struggle throughout the country.

Also on June 8, "Zhou Enlai's Chronicle" reads: "A meeting with Mao Zedong." The participants included Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping, Peng Zhen, Lu Dingyi, Kang Sheng, and Li Weihan.The main topic is definitely the anti-rightist struggle. For Ding and Chen, the significance of this day lies in determining their decline and failure.Although the rectification movement is still being carried out with great fanfare, opinions are still being talked about, and even though more and more people stand up and complain angrily, their general situation is over and their defeat is doomed. "This feeling can be regarded as a memory, but it was already at a loss at that time."

From "Instructions on the Rectification Movement" to "Things Are Changing", the interval was less than twenty days.From "Things Are Changing" to "Instructions on Organizing Forces to Prepare to Counter the Rightists' Attack" and "Why This Is", there was a gap of more than 20 days.Mao Zedong, who was still determined to rectify the movement at the end of April, was already determined to fight the rightist movement in mid-May.Not only the "rightists" were caught off guard, but even some senior party cadres were shocked. At that time, Huang Qiuyun, who was the deputy editor-in-chief of "Literary Learning" under the Chinese Writers Association, said something like this: "On the evening of May 18, 1957, I was chatting with Shao Quanlin, and I asked him about the editor of "Literary Learning" Because Wei Junyi went to the countryside at that time, I presided over the editorial affairs of "Literary and Art Learning". I know Shao Quanlin very well and talk about almost everything. He didn’t have the restraint of the subordinates to the superiors at all, and he didn’t have the seriousness of the superiors to the subordinates at all. That night, he happily talked to me about what he had seen and heard during his inspection in Zhejiang (he was a representative of the National People’s Congress at the time). He held several symposiums for people from the cultural circles in Hangzhou, encouraging everyone to speak out and help the party to rectify the wind. The results were great and the hearts of the people were happy. (During the ten-year turmoil, his actions were said to be "stirring the flames". ) Regarding the editorial policy of "Literary and Art Learning", he emphasized the need to "let go" and boldly "let go".... When we were talking vigorously, the phone on the desk rang. Shao Quanlin hurried over to answer the phone. Two minutes later, his face turned pale, his wrists trembled, his expression flustered and gloomy, and he just agreed repeatedly: "Yes! Yes!" At last he only said: "Understood. OK! I'll be right there." I looked at my watch , It was already 9:20, there must have been an unexpected major event, and an emergency meeting was called. He put down the phone, and said without thinking: "Zhou Yang's call, uh, transfer it!" As for how to change the method, he didn't say anything, so it's not convenient for me to ask. After a long silence, he told me again: "We're talking tonight, don't tell others when you go back! Don't take any measures for the time being." , such as withdrawing certain manuscripts, which will arouse suspicion.' I knew he was going out soon, so I hurriedly left." ("The Wind and Rain Years")

The unlucky Huang Qiuyun had just written an acrimonious article "Where is the Thorn" in accordance with the spirit of the rectification movement, criticizing the leaders of the literary and art circles.Soon, the Central Propaganda Department issued a collection of 10 speeches prepared for criticism, and Huang Qiuyun was among them. Apparently, what Zhou Yang told Shao Quanlin on the phone was Mao Zedong's decision to fight back against the rightists, which was "Things Are Changing".At that time, "Things Are Changing" was only distributed to senior party cadres to read, and the circle was very small. According to Dingling's situation at the time, she was absolutely not qualified to read it. I will never associate myself with "rightists".

Even Guo Xiaochuan, deputy secretary of the party group, was not qualified to listen to the message.On the night when Zhou Yang called Shao Quanlin, he was free, wrote a few lines of poems, read the newspaper for a while, and fell asleep at half past ten.A month later, Guo Xiaochuan saw this article from Lu Dingyi. Why is the scope of communication so small and the degree of secrecy so high? "Things Are Changing" said: "Now the rightists' offensive has not yet reached its peak, and they are in high spirits.... We will let them run rampant for a period of time, let them reach the peak. The more rampant they are, the more beneficial they will be to us. People say: afraid of fishing, or: lure the enemy deep, gather and destroy them. Now a large number of fish have floated to the surface of the water by themselves, so don’t fish.” The main leaders of the Central Propaganda Department read this and smiled knowingly, maybe they will Think, let Ding Chen be rampant for another period, let them reach the peak by themselves!

After June 8, the entire political situation took a turn for the worse, and the discussion and handling of the Ding-Chen issue also escalated accordingly, and the Secretariat of the Central Committee directly intervened in this matter.Li Zhilian said: "From now on, how to deal with the issues of Ding Ling and Chen Qixia will no longer be submitted to the Central Propaganda Department for discussion, and the minister will directly ask the Central Secretariat for instructions. One day I received a notice asking me to attend a meeting of the Central Secretariat. Under the chairmanship of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, after the conclusion of other topics, Lu Dingyi would report on the handling of Ding Ling and other issues. He did not talk about the overall process of handling Ding Ling and other issues in the past two years. He only said that the Central Propaganda Department had two different approaches in handling the Ding and Chen issues. Opinions: One is to deal with the original conclusions approved by the central government; the other opinion is to change the original conclusions represented by Zhang Jichun and Li Zhilian. After hearing the minister's report, Peng Zhen hurriedly interjected and asked: "How is Zhou Yang? He Do you want to overturn the verdict?’ The minister didn’t give a positive answer, but said vaguely: ‘There is nothing inconsistent with Zhou Yang.’… Comrade Deng Xiaoping finally said: ‘Inconsistencies can be discussed, and there is democracy within the party! Let your Propaganda Department discuss it. All right.'" "An Ziwen, head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee, also attended the meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee.... After the meeting, he referred me to the Organization Department of the Central Committee to inquire about the situation. I introduced to An Ziwen the differences and The development process: Explain that Zhang Jichun and I believe that the facts disclosed by Ding and Chen in 1955 were not consistent with the facts of the investigation in 1956, and should not be dealt with according to the original nature. This is understood and agreed by the Minister. Now He refused to admit it again. After hearing this, An Ziwen told me: The handling of Ding Ling's issue should still be based on a realistic attitude. He also said that he would report it to Peng Zhen again."

This passage reveals the attitude of the upper echelon towards Ding and Chen. Lu Dingyi is an alternate member of the Eighth Central Political Bureau, and Peng Zhen is a member of the Eighth Central Political Bureau and Secretary of the Central Secretariat.Lu Dingyi's report was tendentious, and Peng Zhen's questioning was also biased. Their tendency was: the report approved by the central government cannot be changed, otherwise it will be "reverse the verdict."In the anti-rightist struggle, everyone knows what it means to reverse the verdict. At that time, counterattacking the rightists was only quietly brewing and deploying at the highest level of the party, and the central task of the people across the country was still rectification. On the afternoon of June 13, the Chinese Writers Association re-discussed and dealt with the "Ding and Chen anti-Party small clique" at the enlarged meeting of the party group. After a five-day adjournment, the third meeting was held.

Shao Quanlin spoke first and added the content of "counterattacking the rightists".He said: The rectification movement has recently reached a new stage, which is to counter rightist speeches, so the rectification movement is also a serious class struggle.Under this struggle, unity within the party is even more important. Discussions on the issue of unity will inevitably involve the leadership of the party group.Since the National People's Congress will be held in late June, I suggest that the meeting to review the work of the party group be held after the National People's Congress.

Ding Ling also made a speech. She said: Lin Mohan said at the 55-year enlarged meeting, "The Central Propaganda Department wanted to check the "Literary Daily" long ago," and "We have long felt the independent kingdom of the "Literary Daily". , It’s not that Hu Feng said it, we think so.” This means that the independent kingdom didn’t detect it, but felt it a long time ago.I am a member of the party group, and Feng Xuefeng is the person in charge of the "Literary News" and also a member of the party group. I really want to know how many people and who were there at that time, who analyzed and investigated these feelings?Why not discuss it at the party group meeting?Xuefeng and I are old comrades, why did you carry us behind your back?Liu Baiyu said that party members provided materials on Ding Ling's relationship with the party. I would like to ask, which party members?what material?How reliable is it?Under what circumstances is it provided?I proposed to publish the material about me written by Kang Zhuo at the meeting.Have you investigated the materials provided by Kang Zhuo?Liu Baiyu said to fight me, after the approval of the ministerial office meeting, I want to ask: the nature of the ministerial office meeting?It is an oral application, and if it is approved verbally, please produce the minutes of the meeting.It is a written application, and if it is approved in writing, please come up with the materials.Can the decision at the ministerial office meeting be said to be the decision of the central government?In this action, what status do you place the branch, general branch, and party committee of the Propaganda Department of the Writers Association? After the Anti-Rightist movement started, Liu Baiyu said at the expanded party group meeting of the Writers Association on July 31 that Ding Ling's speech "reached the climax of anti-Party". "Literary News" Yang Li made a speech: The meeting the year before last was very bad, it was a failure.Kang Zhuo thinks that grades are the most important thing, Zhou, Liu, and Ruan are all good, the main disadvantage is that Ding Ling has a bad attitude and does not accept criticism, while Chen Qixia resists.Such issues should be discussed openly, this is not the opinion of Kang Zhuo alone.The mistakes made at the previous year's meeting were: 1. The ideological criticism within the party turned into a struggle between the enemy and ourselves; Outside the party, first come to conclusions, and then look for facts; third, the results of the meeting are false reports to the central government.Checking the mistakes of the "Literary Newspaper", what lessons have the leaders absorbed?It was clearly wrong, but I insisted on it on purpose. For some reason, I said that two-thirds of the correspondents of the "Literary News" were bad elements. Kang Zhuo made a very long speech, he said: I am determined to listen to everyone's opinions.In the previous year's meeting, the party group did not study it carefully, and I could not answer many questions and did not understand them.The same is true for the current meeting.I did not read the report written by the party group to the Central Committee the year before last, and I would not comment on it. Because the criticism of Ding Ling was originally caused by Liu Baiyu and Ruan Zhangjing's report to Lu Dingyi, and many materials in the report were reflected by Kang Zhuo, Kang Zhuo explained the matter.He said that when criticizing Hu Feng, I found that Hu Feng was well informed. He is not a party member. Where did the news come from? A party member must have leaked it to him. Therefore, I feel that there is serious liberalism in the party.In addition, I feel that there is also a problem with the unity of the leadership within the Writers Association, and the more prominent one is the relationship between Ding Ling and Zhou Yang.In the report signed by Liu and Ruan to the Minister of Propaganda of the Central Committee, there are problems I reported, but I did not write any written materials. I recorded them in a small notebook and talked with Liu Baiyu. The meaning of my report is to ask Ding Ling to come back. Everyone sat together and talked about history, including the Left League, but Zhou Yang said that if we don’t talk about it now, we can talk about it in the future.I declare: first, I never feel that Ding and Chen have no mistakes; second, I never think that I have no mistakes.I reported the problem out of such a mood. How did I know that the matter would become such a big deal and that such a big meeting would be held later?However, as soon as I mentioned the material, I said that I rebelled, and the position was just like that, and I couldn't get down if it was set.I once talked with Ding Ling about some things about the literature workshop, but she didn't listen.Ding Ling said that some of the materials exposed at the meeting were not true. I also wrote materials for this, but it was useless. clear.Whether Zhou Yang, Liu Baiyu, and Lin Mohan set up an "anti-Party clique" in advance, I have no feeling, but their sectarian sentiments, especially Lin Mohan, I have a feeling that they gradually became clear. Xu Gang, who was sitting opposite Kang Zhuo at the time, recalled: Kang Zhuo was eager to speak, and Liu Baiyu, who was sitting next to him, wanted to dissuade him, but Kang Zhuo still spoke, overturning his past criticism of Ding Ling.In the early 1990s, before Kang Zhuo’s death, he invited Xu Gang to his home, and the center of the conversation was that some comrades used excerpts and excerpts of his writings before criticizing Ding Chen in 1955.This was probably the most guilty thing in his life! After the "Cultural Revolution" ended, Ding Ling still maintained a good personal relationship with Kang Zhuo. When she visited Hunan in the autumn of 1982, Kang Zhuo accompanied him all the way with her panting and emaciated body. In Zhangjiajie Scenic Area, they talked and laughed, reminiscing about the past and discussing the new, and they are still good friends.When someone talked about Kang Zhuo's harm to her in the 1950s, Ding Ling's answer was: "He just wants to be a good party member!"After Kang Zhuo’s death, he worked with Kang Zhuo in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region. Sun Li, who knew him very well, wrote about him in a memorial article: “After the liberation of the whole country, he was tolerant of mistakes in his work; In writing, there may be exaggeration. In dealing with people and dealing with things, there may be advances and retreats. These should be considered in the context of the times and the environment. You must know people and discuss the world, and discuss the world and know people.” Kang Zhuo’s wife, Wang Miansi, thinks this evaluation is very pertinent. After everyone spoke, Shao Quanlin, secretary of the party group, announced that the enlarged meeting of the party group was "temporarily adjourned."After the meeting, Zhou Yang, Shao Quanlin, and Liu Baiyu went to Guo Xiaochuan's office together to discuss the situation of the meeting. Guo Xiaochuan said in his diary: "It seems that the meeting is time for a showdown." What kind of "card" came out? During the three afternoon meetings, Zhou Yang bravely survived.He criticized Hu Feng in 54, and Ding Chen in 55. He always sat on the stage and presided over the meeting, representing the Party and the Central Propaganda Department, with a stern face, stern voice, and troops and generals. Once, he became the target of public criticism, and he couldn't explain, couldn't fight back, and felt like he was sitting on pins and needles.