Chapter 19 9. Chen Xuezhao turned against each other

In the summer of 1955, female writer Chen Xuezhao was called from Hangzhou to Beijing to attend the enlarged party group meeting of the Chinese Writers Association. Many people who are familiar with Chen Xuezhao say that she is kind-hearted, simple in life, and will not flatter or protect herself.She studied in France for many years and obtained the title of Doctor of French Literature.After returning to China, I came to Yan'an. My married life was very unfortunate. I was alone for many years, ups and downs in political struggles, and worked in the field of literature.She has a rigorous creative attitude. In order to write the novel "Spring Tea", she lived in a tea area in the suburbs of Hangzhou for a long time to experience life, and got along well with the tea farmers.But she turned into a fighter at the enlarged party group meeting and exposed a large number of Ding Ling's "crimes", which is surprising and puzzling.

Originally, she and Ding Ling were good friends, and their relationship had a long history. Chen Xuezhao met Ding Ling for the first time in Yan'an in August 1938.At that time, Ding Ling led the Northwest Field Service Corps to complete the anti-Japanese propaganda mission and had just returned to Yan'an from Xi'an, while Chen Xuezhao, as a special correspondent for the "National News" weekly magazine sponsored by Huang Yanpei, had just come to Yan'an from Chongqing. He published a copy of "Visiting Yan'an". Ding Ling and Chen Xuezhao really became friends in March 1949. Ding Ling lived in Lu Xun Art Academy in Shenyang and wrote her essays on visiting the Soviet Union. Chen Xuezhao also went to Shenyang from Harbin to attend the first national women's congress convened by Cai Chang During the preparation work, he unexpectedly fell ill and moved to Luyi to recuperate for a month.During that period of time, Ding Ling had a lot of contacts with her, and they often had long and enjoyable conversations. Ding Ling commented on Chen Xuezhao in her diary: "I think she can understand human relations, talk about things, not superficial, and is a relatively naive person. .” Later, when Chen Xuezhao went to Beiping to attend the first National Women’s Congress, Ding Ling still felt a little lost.Since then, they have learned more about each other and established a good personal relationship.In July, they participated in the first literary representative meeting together in Beijing. During the meeting, they also took a group photo, leaving good memories in the photo.

The close friendship of old friends, but nearly died in a storm. In the summer of 1955, Chen Xuezhao, who was writing "Spring Tea" in Hangzhou, received a notice from the Chinese Writers Association asking her to go to Beijing to hold an enlarged party group meeting.At the meeting on August 13, Chen Xuezhao spoke and exposed many problems of Ding Ling, some of which were sensational, including: Ding Ling told her in Hangzhou that the inspection of "Literary News" was "to punish Chen Qixia and to punish me"; Ding Ling said: "You should have a book, both Cao Ming and Bai Lang have one"; Ding Ling said that Bai Lang had problems in history, but he was still valued, what's the use of a clean history; Ding Ling said, "Only Chairman Mao understands me, Chairman Mao As I said, only Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, and Ding Ling are the representatives of modern Chinese literature and art circles, and Zhou Yang has no part.” Ding Ling said that Luo Fu’s status was not as good as Li Fuchun’s, and he had made mistakes in the past; Ding Ling hated Zhou Yang, and called Zhou Yang despicable and shameless at the group meeting , Seeing that Zhou's child died, I was happy and so on.

Chen Xuezhao's sudden exposure made Ding Ling surprised, angry, and sad.How could an old friend be thrown into trouble?Why did the kind Chen Xuezhao stab him in the back?Later, Ding Ling devoted a lot of space to rebutting Chen Xuezhao in her defense written in August 1956, arguing that her revelations were all "fabricated facts and exaggerated understanding" and "Chen Xuezhao's speech was not to spread rumors, provoke, It is exaggerating and distorting the situation at that time." In the second year, when Ding Ning of the investigation team went to Hangzhou and asked Chen Xuezhao to check the materials she exposed, she said, "I don't count what I said at the meeting last year!"

After 28 years, the clouds cleared and the sky cleared. In July 1983, Chen Xuezhao wrote an article "In Beijing in the Summer of 1955", describing how she participated in the enlarged party group meeting of the Writers Association in 1955 and spoke at the meeting.Chen Xuezhao wrote: "After I arrived in Beijing, I was organized into a study group. Was it compiled according to the writing majors each person was engaged in, or the region they belonged to? I don't know, and of course it's inconvenient to ask. I remember there was a rule at that time that people were not allowed to go out and drop by. , This is probably to prevent each other from talking about the situation, covering up and concealing each other. Every day is studying, or self-study, or group meetings, or congresses to criticize, or the group leader to talk to, in fact, it is mobilization and confession. "

"After two or three days, for some reason, the situation changed. This afternoon, the team leader Y asked me to enter a small room, which should be the office of the leading comrades of this study. The door is close to the wall on the right. There was a pair of sofas, he sat on the inner one first, and asked me to sit on the outer one. He began to say to me: "Ding Ling and you are so close, what do you usually talk about?" I replied: "No talk What, she is busy with hers, and I am busy with mine.' This is really the real situation.' Think about it, what did she talk to you about? If you don't talk about it, it won't do you any good!' Y's tone was very severe, with Then, he stood up, and I stood up, and when I walked out the door, he stood in the corridor outside the door and said to me: 'You think about it!'”

"In the afternoon of the next day, the team leader asked me to go to that office again. The deputy team leader also came in and sat on a wooden chair facing me. The team leader and I still sat separately from yesterday afternoon. I sat on the outer one of the two sofas, and he sat on the inner. Y said to me: "Have you thought about it? What does Ding Ling usually say to you?" After a while, I said: "I am busy writing "Spring Tea". She encouraged me to write a good work of workers, peasants and soldiers. She said that Bai Lang had already written a book, Cao Ming had also written a book, and she had also written a book. .'Y was silent, but the deputy team leader was smiling.'Okay, think about it again!'Y stood up and said, and I also stood up and walked out the door.

"It's been two days. This afternoon, a meeting was announced. Everyone entered the venue on time. When I entered, the front was full, and I sat in the last few rows. The comrade who presided over the meeting announced the first speech The person was Y. Then, Y came to the stage, claiming that the important task at present was to criticize Ding Ling's 'one book doctrine', and said that it was 'exposed by Chen Xuezhao'... Just after he finished speaking, people who signed up to speak one after another One. I stood up to speak, but was blocked several times. Finally, I stood up regardless of the people on the stage who were still talking, and spoke loudly from my seat. I asked Y how to talk to Comrade Ding Ling. What I said, how I answered Y, etc., I said it all, and firmly expressed my responsibility to the party and comrades: Comrade Ding Ling did not talk about or advocate the "one book doctrine", and stated that such a meeting, I Refusing to participate. I just finished speaking and was about to walk out of the meeting place. Many people stood up in the meeting place, and some people were discussing that the meeting could not go on. I don’t care what the writers’ association will do after this study, I just watch it in the dormitory Order a book, carefully think about what has happened in the literary and art circles in the past two or three years, and feel that this criticism of the so-called "one book doctrine" is actually planned long ago."

Chen Xuezhao did not mention a single word about her exposé at the conference. In the summer of the following year, Ding Ning from the investigation team went to Hangzhou to find her and check the materials she disclosed at the party group meeting.She said several times: "The things I said at last year's meeting don't count!" However, Chen Xuezhao could not escape bad luck. In the spring of 1957, Shao Quanlin and Ge Qin came to Hangzhou to mobilize their voices. At a symposium hosted by Song Wenbin, chairman of the Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles, they repeatedly encouraged Chen Xuezhao to speak. Pay attention to".After her speech was reported, Taiwan's radio station said that Ms. Chen Xuezhao, who has always supported the Communist Party, also had opinions on the Communist Party.Chen Xuezhao was criticized for this and was labeled as a rightist.

Ding Ling and Chen Xuezhao met again, 24 years later, in November 1979, at the dinner party on the closing day of the Fourth National Cultural Congress.After going through the tribulations, they greeted each other with a smile, but didn't say much, that kind of occasion was not an opportunity to talk, and there was still a grudge between the two of them. Until the end of May 1983, Ding Ling and Chen Ming went to Yiwu County, Zhejiang Province to participate in the first academic symposium on Xuefeng Research. They passed by Hangzhou, and they went to visit Chen Xuezhao at his apartment on Longyou Road.Chen Xuezhao said that they "talked heartily all afternoon".Not long after that meeting, Chen Xuezhao wrote "The Summer of 1955 in Beijing" on July 10.