Chapter 160 Catalog of anti-rightist articles from all walks of life

(1957) Explanation: Some authors, such as Xu Deheng, Chen Qiyou, Fu Lei, Ba Ren, Chen Yi, Li Shaochun, etc., also wrote anti-rightist articles, but they could not escape the fate of being labeled as rightists. (April 27, 1957) one Our Party's first rectification movement in 1942 achieved great revolutionary results.Now, our country has entered a period of socialist construction from a period of revolution, and is in the midst of a new, drastic and great transformation. Social relations have fundamentally changed, and people's ideology has also changed along with it.The working class of our party must be able to better lead the transformation of the whole society and the construction of a new society, and must be able to better mobilize all positive forces, unite all people who can be united, and transform negative forces into positive forces. To strive for the goal of building a great socialist country, it is necessary to transform oneself at the same time.However, there are many comrades in the Party who do not understand or do not understand this new situation and the new tasks of the Party.At the same time, because the Party is already in a leadership position across the country and has won the support of the broad masses, many comrades are prone to adopt simple administrative orders to deal with problems, while some elements who are not firm in their positions are prone to Contaminated with the remnants of the Kuomintang style in the old society, a kind of privileged thinking is formed, and even the masses are treated with the method of attack and oppression.Over the past few years, bureaucratism, sectarianism and subjectivism, which are divorced from the masses and reality, have grown in our Party.Therefore, the Central Committee believes that it is necessary to carry out a general and in-depth anti-bureaucratism and anti-sectarianism in the whole party in accordance with the policy of "starting from the desire for unity, and through criticism and self-criticism, to achieve a new unity on a new basis". , Anti-subjectivism rectification movement, raise the ideological level of Marxism of the whole party, improve the style of work, in order to meet the needs of socialist transformation and socialist construction.

two This rectification movement should be guided by Comrade Mao Zedong's two reports made on behalf of the Central Committee at the enlarged Supreme State Council in February this year and at the Propaganda Conference held by the Central Committee in March this year. Theme of.Comrade Mao Zedong's two reports have already been disseminated among the broad masses of cadres and intellectuals, and will continue to be disseminated among all party members and the masses of the people in the future.The transmission of these two reports aroused heated discussions inside and outside the party. As far as our party is concerned, in fact, this is the beginning of the rectification movement.Party committees at all levels must organize the study of these two reports, follow the basic ideas of these two reports, and refer to some other relevant documents to summarize and improve the work of their own regions, departments, and units.In the course of study, for the leading organs and cadres at all levels, the main thing is to check and deal with the conflicts among the people, check the implementation of the party's policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend, long-term coexistence, and mutual supervision" and "building the country with diligence and thrift" , check those bureaucratic phenomena that are divorced from the masses of workers, peasants, soldiers, students and intellectuals, check those who do not proceed from the unity of the 600 million people, the unity of all nationalities, parties and the broad non-Party masses, and the Unite the phenomenon of sectarianism starting from the whole party, check those phenomena of subjectivism that do not proceed from the actual situation, and truly implement the instructions of the Central Committee on "correctly handling the problem of contradictions among the people".For ordinary party members, the main thing is to ask them to understand: serve the people;For intellectual Party members, in addition to the above-mentioned requirements, we must also emphatically require them to connect with the workers and peasants, distinguish between the standpoint of the proletariat and the standpoint of the bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie, overcome individualism and liberalism, and strengthen party spirit.In order to overcome subjectivity and one-sidedness in thinking methods, leading cadres and intellectual party members must also study materialist dialectics at an appropriate period in the future. The plan for this study will be stipulated separately in the future.

three This rectification movement should be a serious and gentle ideological education movement, and it should be a movement of criticism and self-criticism that is appropriate.Meetings should be limited to forums and group meetings with a small number of people, and the method of heart-to-heart talks between comrades should be used more, that is, individual conversations, instead of criticism meetings or struggle meetings, no matter in forums, group meetings, or when criticizing, Or when talking with individuals, you should let go and encourage criticism, and resolutely implement the principle of "saying everything you know, and saying everything; the speaker is innocent, and the one who hears it is a warning; if there is something, correct it, and if there is nothing, encourage it", you should not affirm yourself. Everything, reject criticism from others.For critics, it is necessary to advocate seeking truth from facts and analyze in detail, so as not to obliterate everything about others and make criticism become one-sided and excessive criticism.Everyone should listen to others' opinions with an open mind, and actively offer opinions to others, but the person being criticized should not be forced to accept criticism with which he disagrees.For some principled debates, necessary conclusions should be drawn when possible, but different opinions must be allowed to remain.Those found to have made mistakes during the rectification movement, regardless of their size, will not be given organizational sanctions except for those who violated the law and discipline seriously, and will be given active and patient help, so as to "learn from past mistakes and learn from future ones". , Heal the disease and save the patient" purpose.

Non-Party members who are willing to participate in the rectification movement should be welcomed.But it must be completely voluntary, not forced, and it is allowed to withdraw freely at any time. Four In order to strengthen the party's ties with the working people and completely change the phenomenon that many leaders are divorced from the masses, while carrying out the rectification movement, it is necessary to encourage the main leaders of the party, government and army at all levels with labor forces to spend part of their time working with workers and peasants. Participate in physical labor, and gradually form this method into a permanent system.Our party's leading cadres have shared weal and woe with the workers, peasants and soldiers for a long time in history, and the fine style of keeping close contact with the masses is one of the basic factors that guarantee the victory of the Chinese revolution.But in recent years, many comrades have regressed in this respect.The current tasks of the Party, in addition to carrying out rectification studies, improving ideological understanding within the Party, and correcting shortcomings and mistakes in the work, are also to fully maintain and carry forward our fine tradition of hard work in real life, and to further establish the leadership of the Party and the state. The fundamental system of combining the mental and physical labor of the staff enables the leaders to become one with the masses, brings about a new look at the relations among the people, and greatly reduces bureaucracy, sectarianism, subjectivism, and arrogance.The method of combining mental and physical labor by the leading personnel of the Party and the state should start with a small number of personnel within the Party.This kind of manual labor, even if it is a little less, is good.After gaining experience, through appropriate steps, it will be gradually popularized in a planned way to all the leading personnel of the party, government and army who can engage in labor and the main managers of economic and cultural organizations.Regarding this issue, some specific measures need to be stipulated, and the central government will issue special instructions separately.

Fives This rectification movement should first start with the Party organizations above the county level, the army regiment level, and the Party organizations of large factories, mines, and schools, and it should start with the inspection of the ideological style of leading cadres.Provincial Party committees, municipal Party committees, and autonomous region Party committees can simultaneously select a number of grassroots Party committees to conduct rectification studies in order to obtain typical experience and gradually promote it. When carrying out the rectification movement, each unit should organize a leading group.The first secretary of the party committee must be personally responsible and step up leadership.The rectification plan should implement the principle of both rectification and work, and must combine the rectification movement with the improvement of work and with the concrete integration of contradictions among the people, so as to prevent the rectification movement from being closed and hindering work.The organization and leadership methods and specific work plans for the rectification movement shall be formulated and implemented by the party committees directly under the Central Committee, the party committees of the central state organs, the General Political Department, and the party committees of each province (city) and autonomous region. It is hoped that these instructions will be implemented within two weeks after receiving this instruction. A specific plan is reported to the Central.

(May 4, 1957) The Shanghai Bureau, all provincial party committees, municipal party committees directly under them, autonomous region party committees, central ministries and commissions, state organs and all party groups of people's organizations: In the past two months, the analysis of the contradictions among the people and the criticism of the mistakes and shortcomings of the party and the government have been carried out at various meetings and newspapers attended by non-Party people. Improving prestige is extremely beneficial, and we should continue to expand and criticize in depth without stopping or discontinuing.Some of them are criticized incorrectly, or some points of view in a piece of criticism are incorrect. Of course, they should be counter-criticized, and wrong ideas should not be allowed to prevail without answering (we must study the timing of the answer and adopt an analytical attitude, and we must be fully persuasive. strength), but most of the criticisms are to the point, and are extremely beneficial for strengthening unity and improving work.Even wrong criticism exposes the face of some people, which will help us to help them carry out ideological remolding in the future.Now that the rectification movement has begun, the central government has discussed with the leaders of the various democratic parties and non-party affiliations. Wrong criticism is beneficial to our party's rectification, otherwise it will be detrimental to our party's rectification (without social pressure, the rectification will not be effective).They agree with this approach.As long as our party's rectification is successful, our party will take the full initiative, and then it will be able to promote the rectification of all sectors of society (here refers to the intellectual circles first).Please pay attention to this point.Non-Party people participate in the rectification group of our party rectification symposium to ask them to give us their opinions and make criticisms, not to ask them to criticize themselves. Please also pay attention to this point.If there is any inconvenience, it is appropriate not to invite non-Party people to participate in the rectification movement, but the party invites non-Party people to hold a symposium, and invite them to express their opinions on shortcomings and mistakes in the work freely.Please handle it according to your local conditions.

(May 14, 1957) Recently, non-Party people in various places are launching criticisms of the work of the Party and the government. This is a very good phenomenon. It will not only greatly help our party's rectification movement, eliminate the barriers with non-Party people, but also expose right-wing elements among the masses. appearance.At present, we should not refute the erroneous criticisms of people outside the party, especially the remarks of right-leaning elements, so that they can speak freely.Newspapers around us should continue to fully report the speeches of non-Party people, especially the speeches of right-wing elements and anti-communists. They must be reported as they are without embellishment, so that the masses can understand their true colors. There are great benefits.Recently, many of our party newspapers have abridged some anti-communist speeches, which is inappropriate. This is actually helping the rightists and making people feel that we are afraid of these speeches.Please correct this phenomenon immediately.

However, in reporting, there are three types of speech that must be led and controlled, namely: (1) news and speech that are likely to affect market prices; (2) news and speech that are contrary to the country’s foreign policy and are easy to be provoked and used by imperialism , including news and speeches about the Soviet Union and people's democracies; (3) news and speeches involving the specific facts of individual counter-revolutionary cases. For the above-mentioned points, please call the comrades in charge of the party newspaper to make arrangements, which is very important. (May 15, 1957)

The struggle for the unity of opposites is common in social life.As a result of the struggle, they move toward their own opposite, establish a new unity, and social life takes a step forward. The rectification style of the Communist Party is a struggle between two styles in one unity.This is true within the Communist Party, and it is also true within the entire people. Inside the Communist Party, there are all kinds of people.There are Marxists, that's the majority.They also have shortcomings, but not serious.Some people have dogmatic erroneous thinking.Most of these people are loyal and loyal to the party and the country, but the way of looking at problems is "left" one-sided.Overcoming this one-sidedness, they will make great progress.There are also some people who have erroneous ideas of revisionism or Right opportunism.These people are more dangerous because their thinking is the reflection of bourgeois thinking in the party. They yearn for bourgeois liberalism and deny everything. They are inextricably linked with bourgeois intellectuals in society.For months, people criticized dogmatism and let revisionism go.Dogmatism should be criticized, without criticizing dogmatism, many wrong things cannot be corrected.It is time to start paying attention to criticizing revisionism.Dogmatism goes to its opposite, either Marxism or revisionism.As far as our party's experience is concerned, the former is more common, and the latter is only a few, because they are a ideological faction of the proletariat, tainted with fanatical views of the petty bourgeoisie.Some of the "dogmatism" that is attacked is actually some work mistakes.Some of the "dogmatism" being attacked is actually Marxism, which some people mistakenly attack as "dogmatism".There is a reason real dogmatists feel that the "left" is better than the right, because they want revolution.But for the loss of the revolutionary cause, "left" is not better than right, so it should be resolutely corrected.Some mistakes were committed because of the implementation of the central government's policies, and the subordinates should not be blamed too much.Our Party has a large number of new members who are intellectuals (even more members of the Youth League), and some of them do have quite serious revisionist ideas.They deny the party and class character of newspapers, they confuse the principled distinction between proletarian journalism and bourgeois journalism, they confuse journalism reflecting the collective economy of socialist countries with journalism reflecting the anarchic and bloc-competitive economy of capitalist countries .They appreciate bourgeois liberalism and oppose party leadership.They are in favor of democracy and against centralization.They opposed the necessary but not excessively centralized leadership, planning, and control of cultural undertakings (including journalism) necessary for the realization of a planned economy.They echo each other with the right-wing intellectuals in society, unite together, and are as close as brothers.There are all sorts of people who criticize dogmatism.There are communists—Marxists.There are "communists" in parentheses, that is, the right wing of the Communist Party-revisionists.There are social Left, Center and Right.There are a large number of centrists in society. They account for about 70 percent of all non-Party intellectuals, while leftists account for about 20 percent, and rightists about 1 percent to 3 percent. , 5% to 10%, depending on the situation.

In the recent period, among the democratic parties and institutions of higher learning, the rightists have been the most resolute and rampant.They thought that the centrists belonged to them and would not leave with the Communist Party, but it was actually a dream.There are some people in the middle who are vacillating and can be left or right. Now, under the rampant attack of the right, they don't want to talk, they have to wait.Right now the offensive has not yet reached its apex, they are elated.Rightists inside and outside the party do not understand dialectics: extremes lead to opposites.We also need to let them run rampant for a period of time, let them reach the peak.The more rampant they are, the better for us.People say: afraid of fishing, or say: lure the enemy deep, gather and wipe them out.Now a large number of fish have floated to the surface of the water by themselves, so there is no need to catch them.This kind of fish is not an ordinary fish, it is probably a shark, it has sharp teeth, and it likes to eat people.The shark's fin that people eat is the floating tool of this kind of fish.Our struggle with the right is focused on fighting for the middle, and the middle can be won.Supporting the people's democratic dictatorship, supporting the people's government, supporting socialism, and supporting the leadership of the Communist Party are all false to the rightists, so don't believe them.This is true whether it is the right in the democratic parties, the right in education, the right in literature and art, the right in the press, the right in science and technology, or the right in business.There are two factions that are most resolute: the Left and the Right.They compete with each other for the centrists and for the leadership of the centrists.The rightist's attempt is to fight for the part first, and then the whole.First compete for leadership in the press, education, literature and art, and science and technology circles.They knew that the Communist Party was inferior to them in these respects, and that was the case.They are "national treasures" and should not be messed with.The "three evils" of the past, the eradication of counterrevolutionaries, and thought remolding, are unreasonable!Tai Sui broke ground!They also know that many college students belong to the sons and daughters of landlords, rich peasants, and the bourgeoisie, and they think that these people can be called by the rightists.There are some students who have right-leaning thoughts, so it is possible.To imagine this for most students is a dream.The right wing of the press also showed signs of calling on the masses of workers and peasants to oppose the government.

People are opposed to labeling them, but this is just against the Communist Party labeling them.It is all right for them to label the Communist Party, the leftist centrists of the democratic parties and the leftist centrists of all walks of life.How many hats have flown from the Right in the newspapers over the past few months!The centrist opposition to the button-down is real.We must remove all inappropriate labels that have been attached to the centrists in the past, and we will not label them indiscriminately in the future.In the "three evils", in the elimination of counter-revolutionaries, and in the process of ideological remolding, certain things that are truly wrong must be corrected publicly, no matter who they are.Only the matter of labeling is a different matter for rightists.But it must be labeled correctly. It is the rightists who label him as a rightist.With a few exceptions, it is not necessary to name them specifically, leaving room for them to compromise on appropriate conditions.The so-called 1%, 3%, 5% to 10% of rightists is an estimate, it may be more or less.The situation in each unit is different from each other. There must be evidence, seek truth from facts, and not go too far. Going too far is a mistake. Many people from the bourgeoisie and intellectuals who once served the old society want to stubbornly express themselves, they are always nostalgic for their old world, and they are always somewhat at odds with the new world.It takes a long time to transform them, and rough methods are not available.But it must be estimated that most of them have made great progress compared with the early days of liberation. Most of their criticisms against us are correct and must be accepted.Only part is wrong and should be explained.They demand trust, they demand the position and power, and they are right, they must be trusted, and they must be given authority and responsibility.Some of the rightists' criticisms are correct and cannot be dismissed entirely.Whatever is right must be adopted.Rightists are characterized by their political attitudes.They cooperate with us in a form, but not in reality.Some things cooperate and some things don't.We usually cooperate, but when there is an opportunity to take advantage of, such as the present time, we actually don't want to cooperate.They broke their promise to accept the leadership of the Communist Party, and they tried to get rid of it.And as long as there is no such leadership, socialism cannot be built, and our nation will suffer a great disaster. There are millions of bourgeoisie and intellectuals who have served the old society. We need these people to work for us. We must further improve our relationship with them so that they can serve the cause of socialism more efficiently and further transform them. , so that they gradually become a working class and move towards the opposite of the status quo.Most people can certainly achieve this goal.To reform is to unite and struggle at the same time, and to achieve the goal of unity by means of struggle.Fights are fought against each other, and now is the time for many to fight us.Most people's criticisms are reasonable, or basically reasonable, including Professor Fu Ying of Peking University's sharp criticism that was not published in newspapers.The purpose of these people's criticism is to improve mutual relations, and their criticism is well-intentioned.Criticism from the right is often malicious, they are hostile.Goodwill and malice are not conjectures, they can be seen. This time the criticism campaign and rectification campaign were initiated by the Communist Party.Poisonous weeds grow together with fragrant flowers, and monsters, ghosts, snakes and gods grow side by side with phoenixes, tortoises and dragons. This is what we expected and what we hoped for.After all, the good are the many, and the bad are the few.People talk about catching big fish, we say weeding poisonous weeds, the thing is the same, but the way of saying it is different.In order to achieve their goals, the rightists with anti-communist sentiments desperately wanted to blow a typhoon of magnitude 7 or above that would damage crops and destroy houses on this land of China.The more unreasonable they are, the sooner they will be thrown back to the opposite side of pretending to cooperate and accept the leadership of the Communist Party in the past, and let the people know that they are just a small group of anti-communist and anti-people monsters and ghosts.Then they will bury themselves.What's wrong with that? There are two ways out for the rightists.One, clamp your tail tightly, correct evil and return to righteousness.One, continue to mess around and kill yourself.Gentlemen of the right, where do you go, the initiative (for a short period of time) is in your hands. In our country, there are several criteria for distinguishing the political truth, falsehood, good and evil of bourgeois intellectuals.It mainly depends on whether people really want socialism and accept the leadership of the Communist Party.These two, they have long admitted, and now some people want to overturn the verdict, that will not work.As long as they overturn these two cases, the People's Republic of China will have no place for them.That is the ideal of the western world (a free country), so please go there! Why are a large number of reactionary and smoky remarks allowed to be published in the newspapers?This is to let the people see these poisonous weeds and poisonous gas, so they can hoe them and destroy them. "Why didn't you say this earlier?" "Why didn't you say it earlier?" "Didn't we already say that all poisonous weeds must be weeded?" "You divide people into left, center, and right. Isn't it inappropriate?" Except for deserts, wherever there are people, there are left, center, and right, and it will still be like this ten thousand years later.Why doesn't it fit the situation?It is divided so that the masses have a direction to observe people, so that it is easy to win over the middle and isolate the rightists. "Why not fight for the right?" Go for it.Only when they feel isolated is it possible to fight.Now, their tails are up to the sky, they are trying to destroy the Communist Party, how can they give in?Isolation divides, and we must divide the right.I have always divided the crowd into left, middle, and right, or progressive, middle, and backward. Not from today, some people just forget. Is it necessary to "rectify"?It depends on the future behavior of the rightists to make a decision.Poisonous weeds must be hoeed, which is ideologically weeding poisonous weeds. "Whole" people are another matter.It is not someone who "seriously violates the law and discipline" and will not be "rectified".What is "serious violation of law and discipline"?It means that the interests of the country and the people are seriously damaged, and this damage is caused by repeated warnings and refusal to follow one's own way.Other ordinary people who make mistakes should treat their illnesses to save lives.This is an appropriate limit, both inside and outside the Party. "Rectification" is also to cure diseases and save lives. How long will it take to complete the party's rectification task?Now the situation is progressing very fast, and the relationship between the party and the masses will improve rapidly.It seems that some can be completed in a few weeks, some in a few months, and some in a year or so (such as in rural areas).As for studying Marxism and raising the level of thinking, it will take longer. Our unity and struggle against the bourgeoisie and intellectuals will be long-term.After the rectification movement of the Communist Party comes to an end, we will recommend that the democratic parties and all walks of life carry out the rectification movement, which will accelerate their progress and make it easier to isolate a small number of right-wing elements.Now it is people outside the party who are helping us rectify the movement.After a while we will help non-Party people rectify the wind.This is to help each other, so that the unhealthy trend can be rectified, turned into the opposite, and turned into a positive trend.This is exactly what the people expect from us, and we should satisfy the people's wishes. This is an article written by Mao Zedong, originally titled "Towards the Negative (Unfinalized)" and signed "Reporter of this newspaper".When reviewing the first sample draft, Mao Zedong changed the title to "Things are Changing", added the words "internal documents, pay attention to preservation" above it, and wrote an explanation under the title: "(This article can be published in the party journal, But it will not be published publicly. This article was written in mid-May)." The signature was changed to "Central Political Research Office".Mao Zedong wrote two comments on this page.The first comment is: "Liu, Zhou, Zhu, Chen, and Peng Zhenyue. If you think it is useful, please Shang Kun print a few copies and send them to responsible comrades at the central level and provincial and municipal levels. Return to Shang Kun to do." The second The comment is: "Comrade Shangkun: Please print and distribute this article to some comrades at the central level and send it to the provincial and municipal party committees and the party committees of Inner Mongolia. Xinjiang and Tibet do not distribute it. How many copies are appropriate for Beijing and other places, please add discretion. Mao Zedong VI November 11th." Mao Zedong also made a small amount of text corrections on the proof.On June 12, this article was published in the party journal.When Mao Zedong read the published article, he deleted the description on the first page, signed it as "Mao Zedong", set the date as May 15, 1957, and wrote "Mao Zedong" in the upper right corner. Internal documents, pay attention to preservation" and added the following text: "Do not publish in newspapers, do not let journalists know, and do not give to unreliable people in the party. It may take half a year or a year before considering publishing in Chinese newspapers. "This article was not published that year or the following year. It was compiled into the fifth volume of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" and published for the first time in April 1977. (May 16, 1957) All provincial party committees, directly affiliated municipal party committees, and autonomous region party committees, heads of all ministries and commissions directly under the central government, responsible comrades of all state organs and people's organizations: Since the open discussion inside and outside the party on the contradictions among the people began, the contradictions on all sides have been exposed very quickly.This leads to paradoxical details, which we were almost completely ignorant of in the past.Now that it's revealed truthfully, it's good.No matter how sharp the criticisms of people outside the Party, including Professor Fu Ying of Peking University, are basically sincere and correct.This kind of criticism accounts for more than 90 percent, and it is of great benefit to our party's rectification and correction of shortcomings and mistakes.Judging from the facts that have been exposed, it seems that people outside the party were issued orders incorrectly or even completely unreasonably, and they completely distrusted and disrespected people outside the party, thus creating deep gaps and high walls, not telling the truth, and lacking friendship. .Party members have privileges such as rating, evaluation, salary promotion and other matters.Party members are domineering, and non-Party members are the daughter-in-law.Our party cadres, teachers, assistants, and lecturers in the school have low qualifications and little knowledge. Instead of sincerely learning from the highly qualified and knowledgeable teachers and professors, they put on airs to them.The above situations, though not all, are common.This kind of wrong direction must be completely reversed, and the sooner the better.Regardless of whether in the cultural and educational circles or in other areas, comrades who have very bad attitudes and have been distrusted by the majority of the masses should be quickly transferred to work, and they should be filled by non-Party personnel with deep and good reputation, or qualified party members, so as to unite inside and outside the Party. Improvement work.In the past few days, a small number of people with anti-communist sentiments have been eager to try and made some inflammatory remarks in an attempt to guide the correct strategy of correctly solving the contradictions among the people, consolidating the people's democratic dictatorship, and benefiting socialist construction. Going in the wrong direction, please pay attention to this point, let them publish freely, and temporarily (within a few weeks) refrain from criticizing, so that the right-wing elements will expose their reactionary face in front of the people, and then study and refute the issue after a period of time.We told you about this on May 14th.In order to study the problem, I ask you to read more newspapers.In some places, such as Shanghai, criticism from outside the party is quite tense. We should grasp the situation well, try to unite the majority of the middle forces, gradually isolate the rightists, and strive for victory. Refers to the "Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Reporting Criticism of Party and Government Work by Non-Party Personnel" issued on May 14, 1957 (see pages 775-776 of this book for details). (May 20, 1957) Regarding how to deal with the current criticism from people outside the Party, the Central Committee has already told you in two directives on May 4th and 16th.The current situation is that in Shanghai, Beijing and other places where the movement has already started, right-wingers' speeches are quite rampant.However, the reactionary side of some people has not been exposed or is not exposed enough. The criticisms of the middle elements are generally well-intentioned and beneficial, but most of them focus on criticism, and there are few positive remarks, especially when they come forward to refute The right-wing reactionary speech is even less; the left-wingers should not speak more in the previous period, and the Communist Party members adopt the policy of not speaking for the time being.Therefore, in recent newspapers, it is natural that criticism, dissatisfaction, and even abusive speech occupy the main space.This was absolutely necessary in the previous stage, but it is not good for newspapers to report this way for too long and with too much weight, especially if there are too few positive remarks.In order to "take a good grasp of the situation, try to unite the majority of the middle forces, gradually isolate the rightists, and strive for victory" (instructions issued on May 16), local party committees must effectively strengthen the leadership of the movement according to the development of the local movement.For this reason, the central government puts forward the following points, please pay attention. (1) The reporting policy of local party newspapers should be: a. Continue to publish some reactionary speeches of right-wingers, preferably those that can fully expose their reactionary features (the more reactionary the better), but the speeches of right-wingers are in the It is important to gradually reduce the proportion of newspapers, and especially the general criticism and abuse should be published less or not.B. Special attention should be paid to publishing the more reasonable speeches of the centrists, criticizing some reactionary arguments of the right-wingers or criticizing some erroneous views. Such speeches should gradually increase and occupy the main space of the newspaper.C. We should gradually increase the speeches of some left-wingers, but we should not overdo it for the time being. Pay special attention to posting some of their convincing things, and do not post their unconvincing and too angry things, especially "challenging labeling" things .D. Factual reports on improvement work should be published and how to improve work should be published.E. In a short period of time, it is still better for party members not to speak for the time being, but the provincial and municipal party committees must instruct the propaganda departments and party newspapers to immediately begin to classify and study right-wing reactionary speeches and other bourgeois arguments, and prepare for an appropriate time (the central government will notify later) ) published a number of papers and editorials to refute and criticize. (2) According to the above-mentioned propaganda policy of the party newspaper, at various conferences and meetings, the speeches of some leftists and centrists should be organized in a planned way, especially the speeches of some centrists, and reported accordingly. (3) In order to avoid troubles due to scattered forces and poor care, the current movement must not be too involved. In the near future, we should concentrate our efforts on resolving the conflicts between us and non-Party people and intellectuals within the government agencies and cultural and educational systems. Contradictions, in addition, do not ignite fires everywhere, especially do not launch workers' and students' criticism movements in factories and schools at the same time, because once workers and students are mobilized, they will raise many specific demands, which cannot be dealt with without great energy.Therefore, in the newspapers, at the moment, do not stir up these two issues, do not publish news of workers, students and farmers making troubles, and do not publish disputes over economic policy and wage policy.If workers and students cause disturbances, they should be dealt with quickly by means of persuasion, education and reasonable solutions. (4) Appropriate arrangements should also be made for the rectification of leading organs in factories and schools.Universities and colleges should carry out rectification in conjunction with the current criticism movement of intellectuals, and pay due attention to listening to students' criticisms (pay attention to proportion).However, for the time being, it is inappropriate to carry out the rectification movement in middle and elementary schools at the same time, and wait until the junior colleges have come to an end.The rectification time of the factory can be extended and carried out in stages, for example, first among the cadres and engineers and technicians, while among the workers, a period of political and ideological propaganda and education work should be carried out first.Carrying out political and ideological work among the workers is not for the purpose of rectifying the so-called backward workers. If this is done, it is very wrong and must be corrected. (5) During this period, due to the sharp criticism from non-Party people and the fact that our leading organs and comrades in charge have not yet expressed their opinions, some Party members at the grassroots units felt at a loss, and some comrades even felt wronged.This situation deserves attention.As a matter of fact, most of the criticisms made by people outside the Party are right and very good, and have great influence on our Party and its members; but not all criticisms are correct.We should accept the criticism of the right, and we must study practical ways to correct our mistakes and shortcomings; we will also reply to those wrong criticisms in due course.It is true that many of these criticisms are faults of our lower-level leading organs or the party's grass-roots organizations and party members and cadres. Many things should not be the responsibility of lower-level leading organs and grassroots cadres, especially the mistakes made in the past major campaigns (Three Antis and Five Antis, Thought Reform, and Elimination of Rebellions), let alone the responsibility of the comrades below.Please ask the provincial and municipal party committees to convene special meetings of grassroots cadres to explain the above principles clearly so that they can listen to criticism with an open mind, sum up experience and lessons, and achieve the goal of uniting the majority of people outside the party, improving work, isolating rightists and strengthening party leadership. Purpose (for the truly reliable non-Party leftist cadres, we should also greet them appropriately so that they know). (6) On May 14, the Central Committee told you that you must pay attention to the three points that must be controlled in newspapers and propaganda (namely, speeches about market prices, foreign policy, and the specific facts of the suppression of counter-revolutionaries). Something went wrong. Please study and implement the above points in conjunction with the two telegrams on May 14 and 16. (June 6, 1957) Shanghai Bureau, Provincial Party Committees, Municipal Party Committees, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Party Committee: Comrade Mao Zedong's two speeches at the Supreme State Council on February 27 and at the Propaganda Conference in March are planned to be published in newspapers around June 15.Please intensify the rectification campaign by the provincial and municipal level organs, colleges and universities, and prefectural and city level organs by making loud noises.According to Beijing's experience, publishing big-character posters inside government agencies and colleges and universities can firstly expose bureaucracy and other mistakes and shortcomings, and secondly, it can expose some party members and middle-level people (who should criticize wrong and reactionary ideas on big-character posters), so the benefits are greater than the harm , nothing to be afraid of.Big-character posters are a tradition during the Yan'an rectification period, not just now.If we prevent the publication of big-character posters, we will fall into a passive position.However, newspapers should not publish the news of government schools publishing big-character posters, so as not to affect secondary schools and factories (some non-Party newspapers publish this news, you can listen to it).Whether or not to allow big-character posters to be published in secondary schools and factories during the rectification campaign will be considered at that time.As for the various democratic parties and people in society to speak out, it is of great benefit to release both constructive criticism and monsters (that is, destructive criticism) so that they can be dealt with separately.必须注意争取中间派，团结左派，以便进一步成熟，即动员他们反击右派和反动分子。这是场大规模的思想战争和政治战争，我们必须打胜仗，也完全有条件打胜仗。党内团内的一部分右倾分子叛变出去，是极好的事，切记不要可惜。对于工厂和中等学校，目前不要整风，但要主动下楼，改善作风，广交朋友，深入群众。不可乱许愿，乱答应，又要避免出乱子，以便上层中层整好，腾出手来，再整好下层。北京的情况证明，各民主党派、高等学校和许多机关中暴露出一大批反动思想和错误思想，反动分子乘机活跃，但是他们只占各单位人数的百分之几，最反动分子不过百分之一，百分之九十几是中间派和左派。请你们注意你们单位人数。暑假将届，京沪及各地大学生将回家，其中有些人将到处活动，你们应争取主动，并准备适当应付。最后请你们注意一点，在各高等学校和各机关，凡不合理的事而又现在能解决的，应当尽快解决一批，以利争取中间派，孤立右派。 毛泽东一九五七年二月二十七日在最高国务会议第十一次（扩大）会议上的讲话《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》，一九五七年六月十九日在《人民日报》发表。毛泽东一九五七年三月十二日在中国共产党全国宣传工作会议上的讲话，一九五七年六月没有在报纸上发表，一九六四年编入《毛泽东着作选读》（甲种本）第一次公开发表。 （一九五七年六月八日《人民日报》社论） 中国国民党革命委员会中央委员、国务院秘书长助理卢郁文因为五月二十五日在“民革”中央小组扩大会议上讨论怎样帮助共产党整风的时候，发表了一些与别人不同的意见，就有人写了匿名信来恐吓他，这封信说：“在报上看到你在民革中央扩大会议上的发言，我们十分气愤。我们反对你的意见，我们完全同意谭惕吾先生的意见。我们觉得：你就是谭先生所指的那些无耻之徒的典型。你现在已经爬到国务院秘书长助理的宝座了。你在过去，在制造共产党与党外人士的墙和沟是出了不少力气的，现在还敢为虎作伥，真是无耻之尤。我们警告你，及早回头吧！不然人民不会饶恕你的！” 在共产党的整风运动中，竟发生这样的事件，它的意义十分严重。每个人都应该想一想：这究竟是为什么？ What did Lu Yuwen talk about in his speech on May 25?归纳起来，一是告诉人们不要混淆资产阶级民主和社会主义民主，不要削弱和取消共产党的领导；二是说国务院开会时应该有事先准备好的文件，以便讨论；三是说他自己同共产党员相处得很融洽，中间没有墙沟；如果有些人和党员中间有了墙和沟，应该“从两面拆、填”，双方都要主动；四是说共产党人对某些批评可以辩驳，这种辩驳不能认为是报复打击；五是对党外人士如何实现有职有权的意见，为什么就是“为虎作伥”，“无耻之尤”？Why "turn back sooner" or "you will not be forgiven"? If Lu Yuwen's speech is described as "serving the tiger", the Communist Party is of course the "tiger" in the minds of the letter writers.共产党在领导中国人民对中国人民的死敌帝国主义和封建主义作战的时候，的确和老虎一样勇猛，没有任何力量可以使它畏惧，屈服，但对中国人民来说，共产党却是最好的朋友：它帮助人民推翻了压在人民身上的反革命势力，帮助人民收回了土地、工厂等生产资料，帮助人民摆脱了剥削阶级的残酷压榨，把自己的历史命运掌握在自己手里，现在正朝着人民富裕、人民幸福的社会主义和共产主义的远大目标迈进。最广大的人民从来没有像在共产党领导的时代这样充满光明的希望和人生的乐趣。The Communist Party has also made mistakes and has shortcomings, and the Communist Party's rectification movement is precisely to get rid of these mistakes and shortcomings.All people who have good intentions for the party and the cause of socialism are actively offering their opinions to help the Communist Party rectify the movement, so as to strengthen the cause of socialism and consolidate the party's leadership over the people.At such a time, some people call the speeches of safeguarding socialist democracy and the leadership of the Communist Party "shameless" and "working for the tiger", and compare the Communists to the terrible "tiger" that eats people. Can the political face not arouse people's vigilance?These people warned Lu Yuwen to "turn back as soon as possible", please think about what they said, where exactly are they "turning back"?当这些人在另外的地方，口头上也会说他们怎样才是真正拥护社会主义，拥护共产党云云。但是，难道还能相信对劳动人民的先锋队如此仇视的人们，是在那里帮助共产党整风，是在那里拥护社会主义事业么？ We think this threatening letter is a major event in current political life, because this letter is indeed a warning to the broad masses of the people, and it is a signal that some people use the party's rectification movement to carry out sharp class struggle.这封信告诉我们：国内大规模的阶级斗争虽然已经过去了，但是阶级斗争并没有熄灭，在思想战线上尤其是如此。Mr. He Xiangning, a veteran of the revolution, said it well: "Today is a new era. Under the leadership of the Communist Party and Chairman Mao, we have embarked on socialism. Could it be that in this era, everything is uniform, and there will be no more leftists? No, right? No.” She pointed out that there are a very small number of people who have duplicity about socialism, what they yearn for in their hearts is capitalism, and what they dream of is European-style politics in their minds. These people are today’s rightists.Under the name of "helping the Communist Party to rectify the movement," a small number of rightists are challenging the leadership of the Communist Party and the working class, and even openly clamoring for the Communist Party to "step down."他们企图乘此时机把共产党和工人阶级打翻，把社会主义的伟大事业打翻，拉着历史向后倒退，退到资产阶级专政，实际是退到革命胜利以前的半殖民地地位，把中国人重新放在帝国主义及其走狗的反动统治之下。But they have forgotten that today's China is no longer what it used to be, and the vast majority of the people will never allow history to go backwards.在全国一切进行整风运动的地方，这些右派分子想利用整风运动使共产党孤立，想使拥护社会主义的人孤立，结果真正孤立的却是他们自己。在各民主党派和高级知识分子中，有少数右派分子像卢郁文所说，还想利用辱骂，威胁，“装出'公正'的态度来箝制”人们的言论，甚至采取写恐吓信的手段来达到自己的目的。But isn't all this going too far?Extremes lead to opposites, don't they understand this truth? 非常明显，尽管有人叫共产党“下台”，有人向拥护共产党的人写恐吓信，这些决不会使共产党和人民群众发生任何动摇，共产党仍然要整风，仍然要倾听党外人士的一切善意批评，而人民群众也仍然要在共产党的领导下坚持社会主义的道路。那些威胁和辱骂，只是提醒我们，在我们的国家里，阶级斗争还在进行着，我们还必须用阶级斗争的观点来观察当前的各种现象，并且得出正确的结论。 （一九五七年六月八日） 上海局，各省委、市委、自治区党委： 省市级机关和高等学校大放大鸣的时间，大约十五天左右即足。反动分子猖狂进攻。党团员中动摇分子或者叛变出去，或者动摇思叛。广大党团员中的积极分子及中间群众起而对抗。以大字报为战斗武器，双方在斗争中取得经验，锻炼人才。反动分子人数不过百分之几，最积极疯狂分子不过百分之一，故不足怕。不要为一时好似天昏地暗而被吓倒。反动分子将到本机关本学校以外的工厂学校去活动，要预作布置，实行挡驾。要召集工厂主要干部及老工人开会，说明有一些不好的资本家，不好的知识分子及社会上的反动分子正在向工人阶级及共产党猖狂进攻，要推倒工人阶级领导的政权，切记不要上他们的当。有人煽动，实行挡驾。街上贴反动标语，动员群众撕毁。工人要看清大局，不要闹事情。在此期间，不要提出福利工资等问题，一致对付反动派。 Please pay attention to the rampant attacks of the reactionaries in the various democratic parties.It is necessary to organize each party to hold its own symposium, and people from the left, center and right will participate, so that both positive and negative opinions will be exposed, and reporters will be sent to report them.我们巧妙地推动左、中分子发言，反击右派。此事很有效。每个党报均要准备几十篇文章，从当地高潮开始跌落时起，即陆续发表。注意组织中、左派写文章。但在高潮未落前，党报正面文章少登（可以登些中间派文章）。大字报必须要让群众反驳。高等学校组织教授座谈，向党提意见，尽量使右派吐出一切毒素来，登在报上，可以让他们向学生讲演，让学生自由表示态度。最好让反动的教授、讲师、助教及学生大吐毒素，畅所欲言。他们是最好的教员。到了适当时机，则立即要组织党团员分组开会，分别哪些是建设性的批评，加以接受，并改正自己的错误缺点。哪些是破坏性的批评，予以反驳。同时组织一些党外人士讲演，讲正面话。然后，由较有威信的党的负责人做一个有分析有说服力的总结性演说，将空气完全转变过来。If the whole process is done well, about a month will be enough, and then it will be transferred to the party rectification. This is a great political and ideological struggle.Only by doing so can our party take the initiative, train talents, educate the masses, isolate the reactionaries, and make the reactionaries passive.In the past seven years, we have taken the initiative in form, but in fact at least half of it has been false initiative.The reactionaries are pretending to surrender, and many people in the middle are not convinced.Now the situation is beginning to change. We are passive in form, but we are actually taking the initiative because we are serious about rectification.反动派头脑发胀，极为猖狂，好似极为主动，但因他们做得过分，开始丧失人心，开始处于被动。各地情况不同，你们可以灵活运用策略，灵活做出部署。 In short, this is a big battle (the battlefield is both inside and outside the party), and without victory in this battle, socialism cannot be built, and there is a certain danger of the "Hungarian incident".现在我们主动的整风，将可能的“匈牙利事件”主动引出来，使之分割在各个机关各个学校去演习，去处理，分割为许多小“匈牙利”，而且党政基本上不溃乱，只溃乱一小部分（这部分溃乱正好，挤出了脓包），利益极大。这是不可避免的，社会上既有反动派存在，中间分子又未受到现在这样的教训，党又未受到现在这样的锻炼，乱子总有一天要发生。 Now the domestic situation is very good, and we can firmly control the Workers and Peasants Party, the army and most of the students.The international situation is good, and the United States is in a difficult position. 这是毛泽东为中共中央起草的党内指示。对反右派斗争，《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》作了这样的论断：“在整风过程中，极少数资产阶级右派分子乘机鼓吹所谓'大鸣大放'，向党和新生的社会主义制度放肆地发动进攻，妄图取代共产党的领导，对这种进攻进行坚决的反击是完全正确和必要的。但是反右派斗争被严重地扩大化了，把一批知识分子、爱国人士和党内干部错划为'右派分子'，造成了不幸的后果。”一九五九年中共中央发出关于分期分批摘掉右派分子帽子的指示，到一九六四年，先后五批给被划为右派分子的多数人摘掉了右派帽子。一九七八年四月中共中央决定全部摘掉右派帽子。从同年九月至一九八一年底，基本上复查改正了被错划为右派分子的案件。在本册中提到的当时被错划为右派分子的章乃器、李康年、浦熙修、高方，在一九七九年或一九八零年得到了改正。 （一九五七年六月十日） 上海局、各省委、市委、内蒙古自治区党委： （一）北京条件已成熟，人民日报已于六月八日开始反击反动派。但建设性的批评将永远继续。It will also continue to publish some prominent reactionary speeches to alert the people and facilitate criticism.The situation in each place is different, and when to start a counterattack depends on the local situation.At present, it is most important to organize symposiums among the democratic parties and colleges and universities, and to promote debate among figures from the left, center and right.北京正在广泛开座谈会，极有效益。 （二）一个月后，学校将放暑假，许多学生将回家乡。你们应当立即通知地县区乡四级，特别是乡级，预作准备。原则是：（1）善意欢迎；（2）向回乡学生解释合作化的优越性，解释二类社三类社现在所以还没有办好的理由，过几年就会办好的。回乡学生可能有许多地富子弟，你们要对地富做好工作，要他们善于教育子弟。学生如果煽动农民反对政府，就要批评他们的错误，给以坚决教训，但不可骂人打人，讲理为上，以理服人。此点甚重要，请即办。城市也要注意。 （三）在此次浪潮中，资产阶级大多数人表现很好，没有起哄。你们要注意召集公方代表、党委书记、工会主席等人开会，迅即改善与私方的关系，有鼓励，有批评，拆墙，交朋友。现在工商联、民建会正在向章乃器、李康年①等作批判，所以我们不要大搞，以便团结资产阶级大多数，孤立民主党派中知识分子中和学生中的右派和反动分子。 （四）无论民主党派、大学教授、大学生，均有一部分是右派和反动分子，或是叛徒，或是在过去三反肃反中被整的人，或是地富资本家子弟，或是有家属亲戚被镇压。但他们人数不多，一时可以把空气闹得天昏暗，日月无光，但是急风暴雨，不终朝而息。就北京而论，闹了几个星期，现在劲头已不大了，有些动摇恐慌了。Among the various parties, the Democratic Revolutionary, Democratic National Construction, 1993, and Democratic Progressives are quite good, while the Democratic League and Peasants are the worst.章伯钧、罗隆基②拼命做颠覆活动，野心很大，党要扩大，政要平权，积极夺取教育权，说半年或一年，天下就将大乱。Mao Zedong couldn't get along anymore, so he wanted to resign.The Communist Party is divided internally and will soon be overthrown.他们野心极大。It is completely a capitalist line, admitting that socialism is false.The proportion of rightists and reactionaries in the Democratic League is relatively large, more than 10%, occupying many leadership positions.我们任务是揭露和孤立他们。The more they fart, the better for us.But the majority of the NLD is still good, or there is hope of reforming it.You also need to conduct specific character analysis, seek truth from facts, see and hit accurately.In this campaign, the reactionaries must be humiliated in public.We must unite the majority, isolate the very few, and even the very few who are disgraced. two 即送刘、周、陈、朱③阅，尚昆④用电报发出。 Reprinted as above.New, hidden. ①章乃器，当时任政协全国委员会常委、中国民主建国会副主任委员、全国工商联副主任委员。李康年，当时任中国民主建国会中央委员、上海公私合营鸿兴织造厂董事和中国钟表厂总经理、萃众织造厂经理。 ②章伯钧，当时任政协全国委员会副主席、中国民主同盟副主席。罗隆基，当时任政协全国委员会常委、中国民主同盟副主席。 ③刘，指刘少奇。周，指周恩来。陈，指陈云，当时任中共中央副主席。朱，指朱德。 ④尚昆，即杨尚昆，当时任中共中央书记处候补书记、中央办公厅主任。 （一九五七年七月九日） 各省委、市委、自治区党委，中央国家机关党组： 有两件事通知如下：（一）反右派斗争正在深入，准确的右派骨干名单扩大了一倍①，全国不是四千人，而是大约有八千人。例如北京约有八百人，上海有七百多人，包括大学生中的右派在内（清华大学教师及学生中的全部右派骨干分子）。现在的问题是在报纸上点名批判的大约不过占右派骨干的百分之三左右。例如上海有右派骨干七百多人，报上点名的只有二十多人，不到百分之三。报上老是这几个人，读者也看厌了。因此应当分阶段逐步增加一些人，最后增到右派的百分之十左右为止。其他百分之九十的右派骨干，则在所在单位点名批判，不要登报。报上点名的百分之十，应包括学生中的着名右派分子在内。凡报上点名的必须证据充分，最好还有历史劣迹、素来不大得人心的人。（二）北京哲学社会科学家十六人已就右派在学术方面的猖狂进攻，开始举行反攻了。北京此种反攻应当扩大，各地应当响应。自然科学家中在政治方面和学术方面的猖狂进攻，只要有准确的事实，也应组织反击。 two 中央： 起草了一个通知，请向彭真、维汉②一商，如认为可行，请即决定发出。 （一九五七年八月一日） 各省市委、自治区党委： （一）在深入揭发右派分子的斗争中，现在一方面正向地县两级（在城市是向区级和大型工矿基层）展开，一方面又