Chapter 143 Deng Xiaoping concluded the "Anti-Rightist Movement"

Now that it is admitted that the "Zhangluo League" that was the core of the "Rightists" in 1957 did not exist, and since more than 99% of the "Rightists" were misidentified, then launch the "Anti-Rightist Movement" Is it necessary? At that time, China was discussing "practice is the only criterion for testing truth".Since practice has shown that more than 99% of the "rightists" are mislabeled, it proves that the "anti-rightist movement" is wrong. People could not help but cast doubt on the 1957 "Anti-Rightist Movement" itself.Some people advocate that the "Anti-Rightist Movement" should be completely negated just like the "Cultural Revolution" was completely negated.

In this regard, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping made an answer. On January 16, 1980, Deng Xiaoping delivered a speech titled "The Current Situation and Tasks" at a meeting of cadres convened by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Deng Xiaoping said: At that time, it was impossible not to fight back against this kind of thinking. Where did the problem lie?The problem is that with the development of the movement, it has expanded, the scope of attack has become wider, and the weight of the attack has been too heavy.It is true that a large number of people have been dealt with improperly and too heavily. They have been wronged for many years and cannot use their intelligence and talents for the people. This is not only their personal loss, but also the loss of the entire country.Therefore, it is a very necessary and important political measure to remove all the hats of rightists, correct the treatment of most of them, and assign them appropriate jobs.However, it cannot be concluded from this that there was no trend of thought against socialism in 1957, or that such a trend of thought should not be counterattacked.In short, there was nothing wrong with the anti-rightist movement in 1957, but the problem was enlarged. ①

On February 29, 1980, at the third meeting of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping made a speech on "Adhering to the Party's Line and Improving Working Methods". Movement" also made self-criticism.He said: We were activists in the anti-rightist movement in 1957, and I was responsible for the expansion of the anti-rightist movement. I was the general secretary. ② On June 11, 1980, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Notice of Approving the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee's "Report on the Request for Instructions on the Review of Rightists Among Patriots."

The "Notice" states: For some time now, some comrades inside and outside the Party have held a completely negative attitude towards the anti-Rightist struggle because they saw great improvements. This is wrong.The understanding of this issue should not be separated from the historical background at that time.At that time, there was indeed a serious fact that the bourgeois rightists were rampantly attacking the party. It was absolutely necessary and correct for us to resolutely counterattack.If we do not fight back and win this struggle, the whole country will fall into political and ideological chaos, and we will not be able to continue on the road of socialism.

The "Notice" summed up the lessons of the "anti-rightist struggle" as follows: The main lesson of the anti-rightist struggle is that it overestimated the seriousness of the class struggle situation at that time, and regarded a large number of contradictions among the people as contradictions between ourselves and the enemy, resulting in the mistake of expanding.In the future, the entire Party must conduct in-depth investigations and studies on major ideological trends and social trends of thought that have emerged in a certain period, calmly and carefully analyze them, find out the ins and outs, and make judgments that conform to objective reality.Whatever category and field the problem occurs in, it should be resolved within this category and field, and should not be arbitrarily expanded, let alone "one size fits all" and launch an overall political movement.We must pay attention to strictly distinguishing and correctly handling two types of social contradictions of different nature. If the nature of the contradiction cannot be distinguished for a while, it must be handled as a contradiction among the people first, and people who make mistakes of one kind or another should never be easily regarded as contradictions between ourselves and the enemy.

The United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's "Report on the Request for Instructions on the Review of Rightists Among Patriots" is divided into three parts: The first part reports on the rightist review of 27 upper-level patriots. From the 96 famous patriots who were classified as rightists in early 1958, the report selected 27 most influential ones for review, and 22 were corrected.which is: Zhang Naiqi, Chen Mingshu, Huang Shaohong, Long Yun, Zeng Zhaolun, Wu Jingchao, Pu Xixiu, Liu Wang Liming, Shen Zhiyuan, Peng Yihu, Bi Mingqi, Huang Qixiang, Zhang Yunchuan, Xie Xuehong, Wang Zaoshi, Fei Xiaotong, Qian Weichang, Huang Yaomian , Tao Dayong, Xu Zhucheng, Ma Zhemin, Pan Dakui.

The five who did not make corrections and maintained the original case: Zhang Bojun, Luo Longji, Chu Anping, Peng Wenying, Chen Renbing. The second part of the report is about the "Zhangluo Alliance".Although the "Zhangluo League" case was personally settled by Mao Zedong in the article "Wen Wei Po's Bourgeois Direction Should Be Criticized", the report still denied it.According to the report, there was no alliance between Zhang Bojun and Luo Longji at that time, but there was an echo. The third part of the report is about convening a symposium of various democratic parties and people without party affiliation to unify the understanding of the anti-rightist struggle.

The five rightists who were not corrected and maintained the original case were listed in the report to prove that there were indeed rightists in 1957, and that the struggle against the rightists was necessary. Among the five uncorrected rightists, Zhang Bojun, Luo Longji, and Chu Anping were as expected.However, it is puzzling to list Peng Wenying and Chen Renbing.This may be based on the following considerations: 1. There should be representatives from Shanghai; 2. Peng and Chen were known as the "leading members" of the "Zhang-Luo Alliance" in Shanghai at that time;

3. Peng Wenying refused to admit his mistakes until his death, and was regarded as "stubborn"; 4. Chen Renbing was still alive at the time, and it seemed that one of the five should be a living uncorrected rightist. On June 21, 1981, the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Concerning Certain Issues Concerning the Party's History Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" passed by the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a resolution to the "Anti-Rightist Movement" in the form of a Party resolution. Formal conclusions were drawn:

In this year (quote's note: refers to 1957), the rectification movement was carried out throughout the party and mobilized the masses to put forward criticism and suggestions to the party, which was a normal step in promoting socialist democracy.In the process of rectification, a very small number of bourgeois rightists took the opportunity to advocate the so-called "speaking out and letting go" and launched an attack on the party and the nascent socialist system indiscriminately, in an attempt to replace the leadership of the Communist Party. correct and necessary.However, the anti-rightist struggle was seriously magnified, and a group of intellectuals, patriots, and party cadres were wrongly classified as "rightists", which caused unfortunate consequences.

As for the "unfortunate consequences" of the "Anti-Rightist Movement", Mao Zedong was also aware of it, but the "unfortunate consequences" Mao Zedong said were different. It was April 9, 1962, when Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the Eighteenth Supreme State Council, saying with some emotion: "The rightists are rampantly attacking, and they have to fight back. What if you don't fight back? But it brings a disadvantage, that is, people dare not speak up." Indeed, after the "Anti-Rightist Movement" in 1957, as an "unfortunate consequence", it was Mao Zedong's "one word and one word".This "one word" even developed to "one sentence is worth ten thousand sentences", which started the even more unfortunate "Cultural Revolution"...