Chapter 103 The vicious involvement of Fu Lei and his son

Shanghai has always been known as the "half of the country" in the Chinese literary circle.There is that "good student" Ke Qingshi in Shanghai. Naturally, the "anti-rightist" gunfire in the literary world is also fierce... In the second chapter of this book, I wrote a section ""Fu Lei's Family Letter" has become a true record of history".Indeed, as a non-Party person, Fu Lei heard Mao Zedong's speech with his own ears when he attended the National Propaganda Work Conference of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Beijing in the spring of 1957, and he was "like sitting on a spring breeze".

In Da Ming Da Fang, Fu Lei is indeed very active.However, he has always been a very cautious person, so he just published "Where are the main points of increasing production and saving?" "① and other articles. After the "Anti-Rightist Movement" started, Fu Lei never thought that he would be included in the "Right" list.Fu Lei criticized the "rightists" there! On June 29, 1957, "Wen Wei Po" published Fu Lei's article "Comparison and Thinking".Fu Lei compared the post-liberation with the pre-liberation one by one, and finally concluded that:

"In short, if you don't compare them, you can't show the superiority of the socialist system, you can't show the correctness of the leadership of the Communist Party, and you can't feel that what you are doing is an unprecedented great cause." Immediately afterwards, Fu Lei published "Identifying Rightists is Difficult" in the "Wen Wei Po" on July 16-to be honest, "identifying" rightists is really not easy, because Fu Lei himself cannot "identify" himself as a "rightist". Rightists"! Fu Lei wrote: When "Wen Wei Po" thoroughly checked the bourgeois thinking of running a newspaper and its use by rightists, I felt that as one of the editorial committee members outside the newspaper, I did not fulfill my due responsibilities.

... From the perspective of my relationship with Wen Wei Po, I deeply feel that my personal ideological awareness is not high, and it is inevitable that sometimes I will reveal wrong remarks, and I will be cited by rightists as my ideological comrades without knowing it.We are speaking from the standpoint of ordinary people, and they are speaking from the standpoint of rightist careerists... Fu Lei said, "We must fight resolutely against the exposed rightists, and at the same time keep our eyes open to guard against unexposed enemies." In fact, Fu Lei himself has been classified as an "undisclosed enemy", and he is still "cleaning his eyes" there!

Fu Lei said that he will fight resolutely with "exposed rightists", and that "exposed rightists" refers to Xu Zhucheng, the president and editor-in-chief of "Wen Wei Po". In the article, Fu Lei exposed Xu Zhucheng's "rightist" words and deeds. The next day, Fu Lei published an article in Shanghai's "Liberation Daily" entitled "Responding to the Same Voice, Seeking the Same Qi". In his article, Fu Lei linked the "rightists" with Dulles, then US Secretary of State, and criticized them, saying that they "resonate with one voice and seek the same spirit":

Dulles slandered democracy for the people, dictatorship over the enemy, and the initiative to unite 600 million people for the first time in thousands of years, and slandered it as "unity that insists on unanimity"; and our rightists are also using various languages Cursing the dictatorship of the proletariat is the root of all evils; it is no wonder that Dulles admired Peggy greatly; it is of course "brave" in Dulles' mind to openly curse our party on the Chinese soil for him. However, because Mao Zedong wrote twice to criticize the bourgeois orientation of "Wen Wei Po", the artillery fire was extremely fierce, and finally even Fu Lei, the "outside editorial committee" of "Wen Wei Po" was also shot!

On August 22, 1957, Shanghai's "Wen Wei Po" and "Liberation Daily" both published Xu Zhucheng's long inspection "My Anti-Party Crime".There is a section in it, which is dedicated to Fu Lei. The subtitle is "Confidential Discussion with Fu Lei on Many Issues", which suddenly "draws" Fu Lei into it!Xu Zhucheng wrote: Before liberation, after getting to know Fu Lei, my thoughts leaned to the right, and many of them were influenced by Fu Lei.At that time, "Wen Wei Po" published Fu Lei's anti-Soviet article, and he always asked me to take the middle route.When I went to Hong Kong to run the "Wen Wei Po", Fu Lei and others once asked me not to be used by the Communist Party.When I was in Hong Kong (on the eve of liberation), I suddenly received a letter from Fu from Kunming, asking me to send British and American newspapers.After liberation, sometimes I dare not get close to him—for fear of being influenced by him.After Fu Lei went to the CPPCC in 1955, he made progress on the surface, and he was also very enthusiastic about the re-publishing of "Wen Wei Po", so we resumed contact, and even asked him for advice when we encountered problems.

During the publicity meeting of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Fu Lei called me on the second day after I arrived in Shanghai and asked me why I made Jin Zhonghua's empty speech so prominent?He appreciated the speeches of Lu Yi and Lu Wen, and repeatedly blamed Wen Wei Po for compressing Lu Wen's speech to a small size. He also introduced me to contact Pang Xunqin, a rightist, and asked me to send a reporter to interview.At the beginning of June, Fu Lei came to my house in person and asked Comrade Ke Qingshi what he talked to me after the propaganda work meeting.I told you that Comrade Ke Qingshi said: The party's rectification movement must be carried out in a planned and step-by-step manner, with lower levels.Fu Lei said, it can be seen that they have already closed it. Fu Lei also told me that the problem of the Shanghai Writers Association is that there are sects in the party. Reporters should be sent to find out more, and the focus should not be on the relationship between the party and the non-party.After I returned to Shanghai this time, Fu Lei took the initiative to have a very close relationship with me. Most of the talks were about the seriousness of the three major doctrines in each school, etc., and before I returned to Shanghai, he was everywhere for us to pull the so-called demolishing walls and filling ditches. Manuscript, because I have right-leaning thoughts, so I speculate with Fu Lei like this.

Immediately afterwards, on August 24, "Wen Wei Po" named Fu Lei's "middle line".The headline of the report is: "The CPPCC debate reached a climax. Fu Lei's "middle line" thought and Wang Puhan's "consequence-only theory" were criticized" The so-called "middle way" was exposed by Zhao Mingyi.Zhao Mingyi said that Fu Lei did not care about politics before liberation. Fu Lei took the middle line between the "leftists" and "rightists", and he was actually "beating the side drum" for the Kuomintang.

Sun Siming, who has been classified as a "rightist", revealed: "During the Fourth Session of the First CPPCC, he saw with his own eyes that the rightist Chen Renbing handed over a manuscript to Fu Lei, and Fu Lei also made revisions for Chen Renbing." , even Sun Siming did not know.However, Chen Renbing handed over a manuscript to Fu Lei, which became a huge problem. Two days later, Fu Lei's problems became more serious. "Wen Wei Po" published an editorial "The "Middle Way" Doesn't Exist", citing Ke Qingshi's words and criticizing Fu Lei:

"If anyone tries to take the middle road, no matter what his subjective opinion is, he has to help the rightists." In this way, Fu Lei had to express his opinion.He said: "Before liberation, I was 'anti-American, anti-Soviet, anti-Chiang suspected communists'."① "I think I am an ordinary people with muddled thinking, and I belong to the middle class." ② Therefore, Fu Lei was refuted, saying that he was not "anti-Soviet and suspicious of the Communist Party", but "pro-American and anti-Communist"! Fu Lei's situation is becoming increasingly difficult. The hat of "rightist" has been "spinning" on his head, as if it could fall on his head at any time. At this dangerous moment, Shi Ximin, a well-meaning leader of the Shanghai literary and art circles, talked to Fu Lei.He wanted to let Fu Lei pass the test, implying that Fu Lei sang the "review" a little higher, and admitted that he was "anti-Party and anti-socialism", even if he said that he was "anti-Party and anti-socialism in essence", in order to gain "recognition". Profound”, exempt from hats. "Review, let's pass the 'pass', anyway, the review is free!" Shi Ximin "inspired" Fu Lei in this way.Unexpectedly, Fu Lei said coldly: "There is no cheap review. Personality is more valuable than anything else! I am not anti-Party or anti-socialist, and I cannot make such a 'deep inspection'!"① In the autumn of 1983, Shi Ximin recalled this past event in a speech.He sighed infinitely: "Fu Lei is a tough guy with personality and thoughtfulness, a tough guy! As an intellectual, he values ​​personality more than anything else. He doesn't think that something is wrong, and he won't review it. He doesn't Duplicity!" ② In this way, Fu Lei was "added" to the ranks of "rightists" during the "anti-rightist make-up class" in 1958! On the night when he was announced to wear the hat of a "rightist", after Fu Lei attended the "Criticism Conference", he did not go home for a long time. His wife, Zhu Meifu, was restless at home.It wasn't until late at night that there was a knock on the door. It turned out that Fu Lei had wanted to die.He sighed deeply, and said to his wife Zhu Meifu: "If Amin was not young and still studying, today I would..."③ The tragedy of Fu Lei is not only that he himself was classified as a "rightist", but also that his son Fu Cong was implicated. Fu Cong is Fu Lei's pride.Fu Lei claimed to be Fu Cong's "gardener" and devoted a lot of effort to training Fu Cong as a pianist.Fu Cong won the third place in the Fifth International Chopin Piano Competition in Poland in 1955, becoming the first musician in New China to win an international piano competition.For a time, newspapers and periodicals competed to report on it, and it became a good talk in Shanghai. When criticizing Fu Lei, Fu Cong was actually involved.On August 24, 1957, two Shanghai newspapers, Wen Wei Po and Liberation Daily, both published a report signed by Xin Yi and Jian Ping, "Whips, Geniuses and Others - From Fu Cong's Growth Refuting Fu Lei's Fallacy". According to the report: At yesterday's CPPCC symposium, an interesting episode occurred: Was Fu Lei's achievements made by Fu Lei with a whip, or was he educated and cultivated under the leadership of the party? When the committee members criticized Fu Lei, they all talked about his son, the pianist Fu Cong.Many committee members said that in the past, Fu Lei locked his son at home and raised him to be a "flower in the greenhouse", while at the same time he gave Fu Cong a rough upbringing, which made Fu Cong very painful. Regarding Fu Cong's achievements in music, he thinks that he cultivated it all by himself.He expressed this sentiment in his articles published in "New Observation" and "Wen Wei Po".In the outside world, there is still a saying that Fu Cong's genius was "beaten with a whip" by his father... Liu Haisu said that Fu Cong had never been to a conservatory of music, and he was not a member of the Party League, but once the Party discovered his talent, it decided to send him abroad for training. Doesn't this just show the Party's selflessness and love for young people! Liu Haisu, who made a "positive speech" at this time, later also became a "right" brand! Fu Lei was classified as a "rightist", which greatly stimulated Fu Cong, who was studying in Poland.In his view, if he returns to China, he will fall into the tragic situation of father and son exposing each other.He never wants to do that. In December 1958, Fu Cong left Poland from Poland with the help of a British teacher. Suddenly, public opinion was in an uproar! Fu Cong's departure deepened Fu Lei's pain.Because his son became a "traitor and defector", Fu Lei was implicated. During the "Cultural Revolution", Fu Lei was ransacked and criticized for his crime of "rightist" and Fu Cong's "crime".The staunch Fu Lei and his wife hanged themselves at their home in Jiangsu Road, Shanghai in the early morning of September 3, 1966. Before Fu Lei committed suicide, he left a suicide note, which wrote: "Just educating a traitor Fu Cong is enough to die in front of the people! What's more, scum like us from the old society should have automatically withdrawn from the stage of history!" The father was wrongly classified as a "rightist", which caused his son to leave a foreign country; the son's departure led to the suicide of his parents... The mutual involvement of Fu Lei and his son has become the heaviest family tragedy of China's "anti-rightist movement"! Fu Cong once said to me: "We should accept the lessons of history. The Chinese people have been unlucky for ten years (quote's note: referring to the ten-year Cultural Revolution), but the unlucky luck cannot be in vain! The scars cannot be healed and the pain is forgotten. The ultra-leftist trick must never be repeated!" ① On February 3, 1979, the temporary branch of the Shanghai Municipal Federation of Literary and Art Circles of the Communist Party of China issued the "Report on Correcting Comrade Fu Lei's Rightist Problem", which wrote: "When the release was released in 1957, some of the articles and speeches published by Comrade Fu Lei were constructive and some of them were wrong, but they were not rightist speeches, and it was wrong to classify them as rightists. Therefore, according to the CPC Central Committee According to the spirit of Document No. 55, his classification as a rightist should be corrected and his political reputation restored.” It was also revealed in this report that Fu Lei was "in 1958, when the anti-rightist 'remedial class' was approved by the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, he was designated as a rightist." In addition to Fu Lei, another famous translator, Xiao Qian, also became a "rightist". Xiao Qian caught up with the "last train": Xiao Qian didn't say anything during Da Ming Da Fang.He was labeled as a "rightist" mainly because he published the article "Relax?tolerate?Personnel Work", and this article was published in the "People's Daily" on June 1, 1957, shortly after the "People's Daily" published the editorial "Why is this?" "Only a week!If he is well-informed, he can withdraw that article immediately, and perhaps a catastrophe can be avoided! Xiao Qian wrote in the article: Before the capitalist countries entered the imperialist stage, they had a very heroic saying: "I completely disagree with your opinion, but I am willing to sacrifice my life to protect your right to express this opinion." In this sentence Therein lies their pride in their constitution, their democratic traditions and institutions. ... That heroic sentence means: whether what a person says is right is one thing, but whether he can say it is another.Permission to say something that is not right is the sore test of any democratic constitution.Today, at least the two self-proclaimed "democratic" countries, the United Kingdom and the United States, have long since gone bankrupt in the face of this test... From the "common program" to the constitution, our country has express regulations on the people's freedom of speech and writing Regulation.Moreover, since liberation, every Chinese can proudly say that our government has never issued an order to ban a book.It's a pity that we can't go any further at the moment: every Chinese already has the freedom to speak and write. We jumped from a semi-feudal, semi-colonial society in 1949 to a socialist society in one fell swoop. During this period, we have been tempered by the spirit of democracy, which cannot be counted as a lot.The so-called "democratic spirit" should include being able to tolerate people you don't like and words you don't like.Due to the rapid progress of the revolution, the promotion of cadres was sometimes incommensurate with their own promotion.If one is a bit biased when grasping "democracy" and "dictatorship", and easily treats "nonsense" as "disturbance", then in the name of safeguarding the constitution, one will do things that are in essence violating the constitution. It goes without saying that Xiao Qian's article is out of date.He was indeed classified as a "rightist", and the course of suffering began from then on...