Chapter 99 Feng Xuefeng Becomes an "Anti-Party Element in the Literary and Art Circles"

The fire of criticizing the "Ding Chen anti-party clique" ignited Feng Xuefeng. On August 27, 1957, "People's Daily" published an important report with the same eye-catching headline: "Participant of Ding Chen Group, Hu Feng and fellow traveler Feng Xuefeng is an anti-Party element in the literary and art circles" At the beginning of the report, it reads: The enlarged meeting of the party group of the Chinese Writers Association is continuing the struggle against the anti-party clique of Ding Ling and Chen Qixia.In addition to continuing to expose and criticize the anti-Party activities of Ding Ling and Chen Qixia, the meeting further revealed that Feng Xuefeng, the vice chairman of the Writers Association, member of the party group of the Writers Association, and president of People's Literature Publishing House, not only participated in the activities of Ding and Chen's anti-Party clique; During the period of Ming Dafang, he fanned the flames in the People's Literature Publishing House and encouraged those who were dissatisfied with the party to attack the party.The meeting also exposed a series of serious anti-Party words and deeds by Feng Xuefeng over the past twenty years.

In fact, Feng Xuefeng is an old Bolshevik in Chinese literature and art circles. Feng Xuefeng, one year older than Ding Ling, is from Yiwu, Zhejiang. By flashing back historical scenes one by one, we can measure Feng Xuefeng's weight in the Chinese literary and artistic circles: In 1925, when the young poet came to Beijing, he met Lu Xun, and his poems also attracted the attention of Mao Zedong; In June 1927, Feng Xuefeng joined the CCP during the bloody storm after the "April 12" coup; This year, Feng Xuefeng was hunted down because one of his translated manuscripts was confiscated, and his inscription was emblazoned on the manuscript paper—“This translated book is dedicated to those who died for communism”;

In 1931, he became the party secretary of the Chinese Left-wing Writers Union; In 1933, he became the director of the Propaganda Department of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China.At the end of the year, he went to Ruijin, the red capital, and became friends with Mao Zedong.He walked and talked with Mao Zedong dozens of times; Since 1934, he participated in the famous 25,000-mile Long March; In the spring of 1936, under the order of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he traveled from northern Shaanxi to Shanghai, stayed at Lu Xun's home, had a heart-to-heart talk with Lu Xun, and introduced the Long March and the Red Army to Lu Xun.He wrote "On Our Literary Movement" and "Letter to the Trotskyites" for Lu Xun who was ill, and drafted "Answer to Xu Maoyong and Questions about the Anti-Japanese United Front".In October, Lu Xun died, and he participated in presiding over the funeral.He also made arrangements for American journalist Snow to visit northern Shaanxi;

In 1937, he returned to northern Shaanxi and talked with Mao Zedong for more than ten nights; He was arrested in 1941 and imprisoned in Shangrao Concentration Camp. Zhou Enlai managed to rescue him from prison.Later, he created the film "Shangrao Concentration Camp", which Mao Zedong called "a profound film"; ... After liberation, Feng Xuefeng served as secretary of the party group and vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, editor-in-chief of "Literary News", president and editor-in-chief of People's Literature Publishing House. However, Feng Xuefeng, the "Old Bolshevik", had historical quarrels with Zhou Yang and others.

Feng Xuefeng once said in "The Actions of Zhou Yang and Others in 1936 and the Process of Lu Xun's Putting Up the Slogan of "National Revolutionary War Literature"" when he came to Shanghai from northern Shaanxi in 1936: Before the trip, Luo Fu (quote’s note: Zhang Wentian, who was in charge of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the time) told me several times: “When you arrive in Shanghai, you must first find Lu Xun, Mao Dun, etc., and after you understand the situation, you can find party members and underground organizations. I sent you to Shanghai first because you are familiar with Lu Xun and others." ①

Zhang Wentian arranged this because the Shanghai CCP's underground organization was repeatedly destroyed at that time, and the situation was unknown. Following Zhang Wentian's instructions, Feng Xuefeng went to Shanghai first to find Lu Xun and Mao Dun, and met Hu Feng at Lu Xun's home. After Feng Xuefeng came to Shanghai, he first sought outsiders and then inside the Party. Zhou Yang, who was in Shanghai at the time, was so angry that he refused to see Feng Xuefeng! Until 1985, Xia Yan still expressed his dissatisfaction with Feng Xuefeng in his "Lazy Search for Old Dreams":

I have been looking forward to the stars and the moon for nearly a year, hoping that the central government will send someone to lead us. This person finally arrived, and the person who came is our old comrade-in-arms, so why did he ignore us?The situation in Shanghai is complicated. Do you have any doubts about us? ...Why not find someone he trusts and conduct a realistic investigation of the situation in Shanghai's cultural circles?The misery and resentment we felt at that time is really indescribable. ② On the eve of his death, Hu Yuzhi talked about the meeting between him and Feng Xuefeng in Shanghai, and about Xia Yan:

When I arrived in Shanghai, it was about the middle and late May of 1936... We met at Zhong Chi's house... Speaking of the situation of the underground party in Shanghai, I was the first to tell him that Xia Yan was reliable.Xuefeng went to find Xia Yan the next day, but later Xia Yan had a lot of objections, saying that Xuefeng "look outside the party first, and then inside the party". This is Xia Yan's misunderstanding... At that time Feng Xuefeng came to Shanghai as a special commissioner of the Party Central Committee to search for, restore, and contact the underground Party organization, but the few Party members in Shanghai did not accept his leadership, did not follow his advice, and even refused to meet him face to face. The impact at that time can be imagined, whether it is detrimental to the cause of the party or to the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement of the whole people. ①

In addition, Lu Xun's "Answer to Xu Maoyong and Concerning the Anti-Japanese United Front" drafted by Feng Xuefeng was the main document on the "two slogans" dispute, which aroused Zhou Yang's jealousy.Because Zhou Yang, Xia Yan, etc. put forward the slogan of "National Defense Literature", while Lu Xun and Feng Xuefeng advocated the slogan of "Popular Literature for National Revolutionary War", there was a big debate... In addition, Feng Xuefeng and Ding Ling have a deep friendship.The writer Luo Binji once commented on the friendship between Feng Xuefeng and Ding Ling:

Ding Ling is Feng Xuefeng's old comrade-in-arms who shared weal and woe with each other. They met before the first domestic democratic revolution in 1927. The two were the older generation of Communists during the Leftist League period in the 1930s. One was marked by the novel "Water" The first left-wing female writer to appear in China's new literature; the other is China's first Marxist-Leninist new literature left-wing theorist.They are like pearls and jade, reflecting each other in the history of new literature.At that time, Ding Ling was a writer in the neo-realist camp that Feng Xuefeng was most concerned about; Like the new literary theorists who best understand the revolutionary value of her works in the course of history. ①

Due to historical entanglements and the close relationship between Feng Xuefeng and Ding Ling, Zhou Yang took advantage of the opportunity of the "anti-rightist movement" to not only punish Ding Ling, but also set fire to Feng Xuefeng. Therefore, the "People's Daily" reported that Feng Xuefeng was a "supporter and participant" of the "Ding-Chen Anti-Party Clique": It was pointed out at the meeting that Feng Xuefeng was a supporter and participant of the Ding and Chen anti-Party clique.In 1952, Ding Ling changed to be the editor-in-chief of "People's Literature". She recommended Feng Xuefeng to succeed her as the editor-in-chief of "Literary News", and Chen Qixia as the deputy editor-in-chief.They turned the "Literary Daily" into an "independent kingdom" that resisted the leadership and supervision of the party.In 1954, when the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and the Chinese Writers Association inspected the "Literary News"'s mistakes of surrendering to bourgeois ideology and suppressing new forces, they criticized Feng Xuefeng's mistakes. But he was disgruntled, thinking it was a big blow to him politically.He said to Chen Qixia: "They will punish you soon, you have to be careful!" He also said that this was "a fire at the city gate, which will bring disaster to the fish in the pond". When the bourgeois rightists launched a massive attack on the party, Feng Xuefeng conspired with Ding Ling and Chen Qixia to overturn the party's conclusions about the Ding and Chen anti-Party clique in 1955.He said to Ding Ling: "There will be no results in discussing your problem in the party group. It would be better if you bring it to the masses." It looks like someone has been knocked down." Ding Ling really pretended to be persecuted at the meeting and said: "I was beaten to death with a stick, and I crawled out of the grave." Feng Xuefeng also said to Ding Ling: "You can Like Qixia, she refused to sign the conclusion." He also said: "Party members still have to do it, and the Communist Party will rule the world for hundreds of years." In June this year, the party group of the Writers Association held an enlarged meeting to re-discuss Ding and Chen's opposition to the party. When it came to group issues, Feng Xuefeng, as a member of the party group, did not attend the party group meeting.He said to Chen Qixia: "You can stand up to the party group meeting. I won't participate. I will push and delay if I can." the army." Later Chen Qixia did exactly that. Feng Xuefeng, in addition to planning to run a fan publication behind the party's back in an attempt to bring down the "Literary News", also actively participated in the conspiracy of the Ding and Chen anti-Party clique to split the literary and art circles.Ding Ling and Chen Qixia wanted to publicly withdraw from the Writers Association and split the literary and artistic circles at the third National Literary and Art Circle Congress to be held in October this year. Feng Xuefeng's opinion was sought. ① The report also included a series of subheadings: "The "Blue Sky" of Rightists in People's Literature Publishing House"; "Thirty Years of Consistent Opposition Party Leadership"; "Anti-Marxist Literary Thought Consistent with Hu Feng"; "Reactionary Social Thought". In this way, Feng Xuefeng was also included in the "right" list. Feng Xuefeng passed away on the cold day of January 31, 1976 after suffering all kinds of hardships. Hu Yuzhi ran for his old comrades and demanded that Feng Xuefeng's memorial service be held in the name of People's Literature Publishing House.This request was approved by the relevant departments and finally agreed, but there are three regulations attached: 1. Not allowed to appear in newspapers; 2. No eulogy is allowed; 3. The scale does not exceed 300 people; Until April 1979, under the direct investigation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Feng Xuefeng's unjust case was vindicated. On November 17, 1979, a grand memorial service for Feng Xuefeng was held in Beijing, and Feng Xuefeng was recognized as an "outstanding member of the Communist Party of China".