Chapter 26 The initial big bang, big bang, flat bland

After Zhong Dianfei and Li Kangnian sounded the two voices early, the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee held two large-scale symposiums according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee to provide a place for big voices: Since the beginning of May, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference has held symposiums for various democratic parties and democrats without party affiliation. A total of 13 meetings have been held, and more than 70 people have spoken; Since mid-May, symposiums for business people have been held in the auditorium of the State Council, 25 times, and 108 people have spoken.

At the same time, the party committees of various departments of the State Council, the party committees of various provinces and cities, and the party committees of some colleges and universities also held forums for non-Party people. There is only one purpose for holding these symposiums, and that is to help the Chinese Communist Party to rectify the movement. Mao Zedong said such passionate words: "The general theme of the rectification movement is to correctly handle contradictions among the people and oppose the Three Principles. "The atmosphere of criticism has now been created, and this atmosphere should continue. The contradictions revealed can be published in the newspapers to attract everyone's attention, otherwise the bureaucracy will never be resolved." ①

Mao Zedong also said: "Non-party members participate voluntarily and withdraw freely." "If you have an opinion, just say it, and the party and the outside become one." ② Mao Zedong's words were like a fire, heating up the temperature of these symposiums. "People's Daily" quickly reported on the symposium held by the United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee, and other newspapers also reported on the symposium held by party committees at all levels of the CCP.These reports continue to appear in the newspapers, and also play a role in continuously heating up.

On May 9, 1957, "People's Daily" carried the headline "Listening to Opinions from Outside the Party and Promoting the Rectification Movement" and prominently reported on the symposium for leaders of various democratic parties held by the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for the first time on May 8. The meeting was chaired by Li Weihan, head of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, and Ping Jiesan, vice-minister. From the very beginning, Li Weihan made the purpose of the meeting very clear:

"The purpose of convening this meeting is to ask everyone to help us carry out rectification and correct our shortcomings and mistakes. This is the first time in the history of our party to promote our rectification through the united front. Therefore, I hope you will publish more Some criticism." Li Weihan emphasized that people outside the party should express more "critical opinions". Probably because of the first meeting, non-Party people still have some concerns. Although they are indeed "critical opinions", most of those opinions are not painful or painful, and belong to the category of "swallowing water".

Zhang Bojun, vice chairman of the China Democratic League, took the lead in speaking, and made some trivial opinions.Zhang Bojun said: "Over the past few years, members of some democratic parties have indeed not played a good role in state affairs. They are capable, but they have no conditions. For example, a planning section chief of a certain agency cannot participate in the State Planning Commission because he is a non-party member. I was very troubled by the relevant meetings that he was supposed to attend. In the past, the selection of international students and teaching assistants in schools were based on political conditions. Some people with ability and expertise were often considered to have complicated history and could not be selected. Non-Party people There are not many opportunities to study abroad. It is very difficult for non-party cadres to be promoted, while party members are promoted quickly, and it seems that only party members have the ability and methods.”

Zhang Naiqi, vice chairman of the China Democratic National Construction Association, is the Minister of Food.He described his experience: "I have positions and powers. In the Ministry of Grain, the relationship between the party group and me is normal. The party group is in charge of ideological and political leadership, and I am in charge of administrative leadership. The party group and I have disagreements. I will only agree if I can be persuaded. .But my position and power are earned through struggle.” The speech of Chen Mingshu, a member of the Central Standing Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, was later described as "abolishing the school party committee system."In fact, according to Chen Mingshu's speech published in the "People's Daily" at the time, he did not mean this:

"When Chen Mingshu talked about the role of various organizations in colleges and universities, he said that most of the current school leadership relies on the 'one whip' of the party, league, and trade unions to carry out work. This is worth studying. He believes that in the future there should be more rely heavily on teachers and students. He also said that the party committee system in schools should also be considered from many aspects in the future.” After the report of Chen Mingshu's speech appeared in the newspaper, Chen Mingshu read it and was not satisfied.He immediately wrote the article "Seeking Teachers and Friendships from Non-Party People", which was immediately published by People's Daily on May 12:

"On the 9th of this month, "People's Daily" published my speech at the symposium of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the 8th. It happened to omit the paragraph I said that "Party members should seek teachers and friends from non-Party people". This is a pity. .Is that harsh? I don't think so." After Chen Mingshu said such police words, he changed the topic and talked about the truth that the CCP is the teacher of "non-Party people": "Non-Party people should not forget their origins when they drink water. Everyone should remember that if there is no People's Liberation Army that is born and died, how can we have the political power we have today? If there is no wise decision-making by the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, correct leadership The land reform, the resistance to U.S. aggression and aid to Korea, the suppression of counterrevolutionaries, the three evils, the five evils, and the eradication of counterrevolutionaries—a series of social and political reform movements, as well as extensive Marxist-Leninist ideological education, where is the most extensive socialist democracy we have today? How about life? Since liberation, non-Party people have accepted the ideological education of the Communist Party, and humbly learn from party members and comrades. Standing firm and distinguishing the boundaries between the enemy and ourselves are the main issues in our political life. The past ideological foundation of non-Party people is easy to "lead wolves into the house" and "seek skin with tigers" unconsciously. This is harmful and terrible to socialist construction Yes. Over the past few years, the party has basically reached a certain level in our education and self-reform, and we should be grateful. Party members and comrades have also greatly helped us. From my personal experience in the past few years, Their teachings have been of great help to me, not only senior leaders, but also party members and comrades at the middle and lower levels.

"From this, it is not difficult to think, what is our repayment to the party members? What kind of help do we give to party members and comrades? How can we feel at ease if we don't reciprocate! Let’s start, I think what the Party Central Committee has instructed, that the democratic parties should not carry out their own rectification for the time being, is to help party members and comrades by devoting themselves to the party’s rectification movement.” Chen Mingshu's words were spoken warmly, revealing his sincerity towards the CCP. After saying that the CCP is the teacher of "non-Party people", he carefully argued that "Party members should seek teachers and friends from non-Party people."

Chen Mingshu discussed from Confucius to Marx and Lenin.He wrote: "Confucius said: 'When three people walk together, there must be my teacher'. Xunzi said: 'Those who are mine are my friends, and those who are not me are my teachers' This is a point left by ancient Chinese philosophers. The precious heritage also reflects the fine virtues of our ancestors. We should all engrave it on our mottoes. In terms of our mentors, such as Marx’s obedience to Hegel and Feuerbach, Lenin warned the Communists to learn the civilization of capitalists Doing business. This is an example for the party to learn from the non-party. "Any well-intentioned criticism should be welcomed, and critics should be regarded as teachers and friends." It should be said that Chen Mingshu is a representative figure.His speeches and articles reflect the initial "level" of Da Ming Da Fang. Chen Mingshu has gone through a complicated historical path - both "suppressing" the Communist Party and once supporting the Communist Party.He speaks so cautiously, which has its historical roots: He was originally a senior general of the Kuomintang.In his early years, he participated in Sun Yat-sen's China League and participated in the Northern Expedition. He was the commander of the 11th Army of the National Revolutionary Army and the commander of the Wuhan Garrison, and the chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government of the Kuomintang. In 1930, he participated in the third encirclement and suppression of the Red Army and served as the commander-in-chief of the right-wing group army. After the "September 18th" Incident, he rose up to fight against Japan and once acted as the president of the Executive Yuan of the National Government. After that, he organized the Chinese National Liberation League and endorsed the "August 1st Declaration" of the CCP. Since then, he has gradually moved closer to the CCP.Thus, in January 1948, when the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was established in Hong Kong, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee. In 1949, he attended the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held in Beijing and became a comrade-in-arms of the CCP... Chen Mingshu said such words from his own tortuous experience.