Chapter 45 "The building of the 'Bolshevik Party of Struggle' is a rare thing"

During the struggle in Jinggang Mountains, peasants took on the heavy responsibility of the main force of the revolution.It goes without saying that the peasants accounted for the majority in the Red Army, and even the party organizations in the border counties were "almost entirely peasant parties". This situation also brought about a problem that bothered the Front Committee and Mao Zedong, that is, the ideological construction of the party organizations in the border counties. In a relatively closed mountainous area like Jinggangshan, the self-sufficient agricultural economic environment has made the party members in the border counties basically local farmers.Since social organizations are generally family organizations with one surname as the unit, the party’s organization in the village, and because of the relationship of residence, often has party members with the same surname as a branch. Holding a branch meeting is almost like a family meeting.

In addition, clan nepotism also exists seriously in some party organizations. For example, in the Ninggang County Party Committee, Organization Director Liu Keyu and Propaganda Director Liu Huixiao are brothers-in-law of County Party Secretary Long Chaoqing. Faced with this situation, Mao Zedong once said with deep emotion: "Under such circumstances, the construction of the 'Struggling Bolshevik Party' is really very difficult." The reason for this difficulty is that the regionalism among the border counties is very serious, and there is also a deep regionalism among the districts and even the townships within a county.Due to localism, the revolutionary struggles in various places cannot be coordinated with each other. Some people tend to only care about the local interests of their own regions and keep their own regions, but they cannot help the difficulties of brother regions well.

In Yongxin County, where regionalism is particularly severe, some comrades often showed their local concepts, conservative thinking, and freedom and arrogance, and even once demanded independence from the leadership of the Special Committee.The Secretary of the Yongxin County Party Committee was deceived by businessmen to protect the capitalists; the joint meeting of the Military Commission and the County Party Committee had already made a resolution to shoot the reactionary Long Yikui, but the County Party Committee ignored this decision and released Long Yikui; in Ninggang, Lianhua and other counties did not pay attention to reporting to the special committee in order to strengthen ties with the special committee; Here, do not take the revolutionary peasant team";... What is even more embarrassing is that it is not easy to change this kind of localism with a strong sense of feudalism. "They don't quite understand that the Communist Party does not distinguish between national and provincial boundaries, nor do they understand that the Communist Party does not distinguish between county, district, and township boundaries." How effective it is mostly depends on the non-localist oppression of the white forces. For example, the counter-revolutionary two-provincial "conference suppression" allows the people to have common interests in the struggle, so that their localism can be gradually broken."

This regionalism of the borders, a narrow idea of ​​small producers, a reflection of the feudal rural economy, was incompatible with the ideology of the proletariat and became a serious obstacle to the building of the Bolshevik party. In addition, the legacy of opportunism and the tendency of the peasant party also have many manifestations in the party departments at all levels of the border. In the face of the offensive, they cringed and feared, doubting that the red flag would not last long, so they were pessimistic and disappointed; some lacked iron discipline, were free and loose, and had a lot of randomness; Presented in "particularly frightening colours".

Therefore, "washing away the legacy of opportunism within the party, transforming party departments at all levels so that they can walk on the path of true proletarian leadership" and truly building a Bolshevik party is not only the request of the party central committee, but also the slogan put forward by the party organizations on the border. To build the border party organization into a Bolshevik party, Mao Zedong deeply felt that "the issue of the ideological guidance of the proletariat is a very important issue. The parties in the border counties are almost entirely composed of peasants. Its ideological guidance will tend to be wrong.”

Mao Zedong and the Border Special Committee made a lot of efforts on how to give the border party organization with the peasants as the main components the ideological guidance of the proletariat. The first is to strengthen political and ideological education. The Second Boundary Party Congress put forward in the Resolution: "In the past, the reason why the parties in various places were weak was because the party members did not have training, and they did not even pass the party entry procedure. Now every party member must undergo training in the party's basic theory. " Of course, there are many ways of training, and the most effective among them is to hold party and youth training courses.The Hunan-Jiangxi Boundary Special Committee held such a class in Xiangshan Nunnery, Maoping, Ninggang. Party organizations in various places selected members of the Party and Youth League, and they entered the class in stages and groups to study intensively.

The training is mainly based on lectures, and the content is mainly political education, situational education, class education, the nature of the party and basic theoretical education. At the same time as the Border Special Committee held training courses, the Military Commission of the Fourth Red Army also held similar party and regiment training courses in the army. The second is to strictly enforce the party's political discipline. As for erroneous tendencies such as opportunism and localism in party organizations at all levels in the border areas, once discovered, they will be resolutely punished.

For example, the first congress of the Boundary Party passed a "Resolution on Political Discipline", imposing "written warnings" and other punishments on the Lingxian County Party Committee and Yongxin County Party Committee who violated political discipline. In September 1928, the "cleansing of the party" was carried out, and those wavers and speculators who had lost confidence in the revolution were resolutely removed from the party. Building the Border Party into a Bolshevik party was hard work.Mao Zedong and others paid great efforts for this, and also accumulated valuable experience for the ideological construction of the Communist Party of China.