Chapter 72 Carry out the Gao Shuxun Movement to shake the morale of the Kuomintang army

October 13, 1945 was the second day after Mao Zedong returned to Yan'an with the results of the "Double Ten Agreement".Chiang Kai-shek in Chongqing immediately issued a secret order to "suppress bandits" to all the Kuomintang theaters. Government representatives signed the "Meeting Minutes".This is the original manuscript of the "Meeting Minutes" signed by the representatives of both parties to accompany this secret order. It was drawn up by Chiang Kai-shek himself during the ten-year civil war and reprinted after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. hands.

Under Chiang Kai-shek's strict supervision, on October 14, Gao Shuxun, deputy commander of the 11th theater of the Kuomintang, and Ma Fawu led a total of 7 divisions, including the 40th Army, the 30th Army, and the new Eighth Army, with 45,000 troops. The troops were arranged side by side and overlapped, divided into left and right, and marched northward from Xinxiang, Henan along the Ping-Han Railway.The task Chiang Kai-shek assigned to them was: to first occupy Handan, join forces with the 3rd and 16th armies that advanced westward along the Shitai Line and arrived at Shijiazhuang in advance, and then continue their northward advance to join forces with the 93rd and 16th armies that were transported to Peiping by air. The Ninety-Fourth Army joined forces and finally achieved the goal of completely controlling Pinghan Road and dividing the two liberated areas of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shanxi-Chahar-Luyu.

Chiang Kai-shek's move is very powerful.If his plan is realized, it will pose a serious threat to the two liberated areas in North China, and then endanger the situation of the entire Chinese revolution. Faced with provocations, Yan'an will certainly not sit idly by. Before Mao Zedong returned to Yan'an, he immediately held a meeting to discuss countermeasures with other leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.And personally drafted a telegram to Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping: "It is a serious strategic task for us to hinder and delay the northward advance of the recalcitrant army...Our Taihang and Hebei-Shandong-Henan regions can concentrate more than 60,000 main forces, under the unified command of Liu Deng himself, to deal with the recalcitrant army marching northward on the Pinghan Road. Periodically annihilate part or most of them."

After the telegram was sent, Mao Zedong was still worried. On October 17, he called Liu Deng again: "The upcoming new Ping-Han campaign is to oppose the attack of the main forces of the Kuomintang and to strive for the realization of a peaceful situation. The victory or defeat of this campaign is extremely important to the overall situation. The current battle must be fought well. Well, forced to go up the mountain again, the victory of the Chinese revolution will be postponed for 20 years!" After receiving the telegram from Yan'an, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping did not dare to neglect, and immediately organized forces and formulated a battle plan.This is the famous Battle of Ping-Han (also known as the Battle of Handan).

On October 24, under the command of Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping, the CCP's participating troops rushed to the battlefield day and night, forming a four-sided encirclement of the enemy.Prepare to launch a general attack on the evening of the 28th. In order to completely wipe out the enemy who marched northward on the Pinghan Road with absolute certainty, Liu and Deng, based on the information they obtained from various sources, studied how to fight for Gao Shuxun, the deputy commander of the 11th theater of the Kuomintang and the commander of the New Eighth Army. The scheme of the uprising.

Gao Shuxun, courtesy name Jianhou, was born in Yanshan County, Hebei Province, and was originally a subordinate of Feng Yuxiang of the Northwest Army. In 1930, when Jiang and Feng fought, Feng Yuxiang failed, and the Northwest Army was disintegrated by Chiang Kai-shek.The reorganized 26th Route Army was transferred by Chiang Kai-shek to the Jiangxi front to encircle and suppress the Red Army.At that time, Gao Shuxun was the commander of the 27th Division of the 26th Route Army.Gao Shuxun knew that this was Chiang Kai-shek's way to destroy the Northwest Army, so he didn't work very hard.Soon, Zhao Bosheng and Dong Zhentang launched the Ningdu Uprising, and Gao Shuxun's 27th Division officers and soldiers were taken to the Red Army by them.In order to avoid Chiang Kai-shek's pursuit of his responsibility for leaving his post without authorization, Gao Shuxun fled to the Tianjin Concession to escape.

After the Anti-Japanese War began, Song Zheyuan, chairman of the North China Political Affairs Committee, invited Gao Shuxun out and appointed him as the deputy director of the Security Department of Hebei Province, responsible for training the security teams of various counties.The Eighth Route Army took advantage of the opportunity of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to send a group of Communist Party members to assist Gao Shuxun in his work as old subordinates and colleagues. . But the practice of the Communist Party is just the opposite. Even when they were fighting against each other, the Chiang Kai-shek clique did not change its policy of discriminating against offspring. Not only was it dozens of times worse than his direct relatives in terms of supply, but it also had to monitor, divide and annex them frequently. .

1940 was the best period for the relationship between Gao Shuxun and Chiang Kai-shek.Because he got rid of Shi Yousan, who openly surrendered to the enemy, he was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander-in-chief of the 39th Army, and transferred his troops from the occupied area to the Kuomintang-controlled area.Gao Shuxun had illusions about the Kuomintang, and under the impetus of his reactionary forces, he "gifted" the Communists out of his army.But the good times didn't last long. Not long after arriving in the Kuomintang-controlled area, Tang Enbo bought Mi Wenhe, the commander of the 69th Army of the former Shi Yousan, and pulled the 69th Army out of the 39th Army, and put it under Tang Enbo's direct command.This incident was like a bolt from the blue sky, which made Gao Shuxun have a better understanding of Lao Jiang.

It was a day in mid-August. On a moonlit night, Gao Shuxun was listening to the radio alone in his office. Suddenly, the confidential officer sent a telegram from Chiang Kai-shek and He Yingqin. Gao Shuxun took the telegram, which clearly stated: "Order your troops to stay on the spot and stand by". Gao Shuxun crumpled the telegram into a paper ball, threw it into the wastebasket, and walked out the window thoughtfully.At this time, the voice of the female announcer on the radio on the table reached his ears: "Chongqing Radio Station is now broadcasting news from the Central News Agency: On August 11, Generalissimo Chiang issued an order ordering the troops under the 18th Army Group to stay on standby and not allow the Japanese and puppet troops to act without authorization...Order the soldiers in all theaters of the country to Fight hard, push forward, don't let up..."

"It's unreasonable, it's too deceiving!" Gao Shuxun turned off the radio with a snap, and came to his officers and soldiers with a telegram. When the officers and soldiers heard that Chiang would not allow them to surrender, they complained angrily: "During the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek and his direct troops hid in the rear, leaving us to bleed and work hard on the front line. Now that they have won, they have become heroes of the Anti-Japanese War. They can give priority to actively advancing and seizing the territory, but the order is still at the last The front line and the troops are on standby, what is the reason?"

Encouraged by his subordinates, Gao Shuxun slapped the table and said sonorously: "The ancients said that the general is outside, and the king's order is not accepted. Brothers, we sent troops out of Funiu Mountain, sent our troops to the north, and went to the front first. We recruited the puppet army and accepted the Japanese army. surrender." After Gao Shuxun made a decision, he led his troops to set off from Nanzhao, where they were stationed, and braved heavy rain and wind and rain, passing through Ye County, Xuchang, Changge, and Xinzheng, and arrived in Zhengzhou. When the troops marched towards Xinxiang, Gao Shuxun sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek in order to show "respect" to the military and political officials in Chongqing. Gao Shuxun originally thought that he would be severely punished by Chiang Kai-shek for disobeying the order. Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek replied: "Order your department to temporarily station in Xinxiang for orders." Not only that, on September 19, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Hu Zongnan, commander of the First Theater Command, to host a military meeting in Zhengzhou.It was announced at the meeting that the High Department was formally incorporated into the sequence of the eleventh theater, under the command of Commander Sun Lianzhong. At the same time, it was announced that Ma Fawu and Gao Shuxun were appointed as the deputy commanders of the eleventh theater. After the Zhengzhou meeting, Sun Lianzhong hurried to Xinxiang and made a military deployment to open up the Pinghan Road and seize the strategically important places in Pingjin. At this point, Gao Shuxun had just seen what kind of medicine was sold in Lao Jiang's gourd: if he didn't obey the order, Gao Shuxun went to the front line as cannon fodder to fight against the Eighth Route Army. From his rough experience, Gao Shuxun deeply realized that only by being close to the Communist Party can he have room to survive.So he took the initiative to send Wang Dingnan to connect with Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping. What a blessing in disguise.After Deng Xiaoping saw Wang Dingnan, he said happily: "You came just in time, and we are also ready to do this work. In order to repel Chiang Kai-shek's attack and isolate Chiang Kai-shek politically, we must open up a new front in the Kuomintang army. Chiang Kai-shek excludes and discriminates against the non-directed troops, and strives for all possible Kuomintang generals to stand under the banner of peace and democracy. The Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao demand that quick achievements be made in this work, so you should go back to Xinxiang as soon as possible and do a good job of Gao Shuxun work". In order to relieve Gao Shuxun's worries, Deng Xiaoping sent a telegram to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to bring Gao Shuxun's wife Liu Xiuzhen and the family members of other uprising officers to the liberated areas, and at the same time sent Chief of Staff Li Da to visit Gao Shuxun on behalf of Liu Bocheng and himself to encourage him to make up his mind early. Chief of Staff Li Da was an officer of the old Northwest Army, who defected to the Communist Party in the Ningdu uprising.So he and Gao Shuxun met and talked very speculatively.After talking about the glorious history of the Northwest Army, Li Da said to Gao Shuxun: "If General Gao, at the critical moment when China is facing civil war and peace, and the two futures of light and darkness, can hold high the banner of righteousness, stand with the revolutionary people, oppose Chiang Kai-shek's civil war and dictatorship policies, and build peace, democracy and freedom. To fight for a new China, it will have far-reaching significance than the Ningdu Uprising and Wuyuan Pledge". After listening to Li Da's conversation, Gao Shuxun finally made his final decision. On October 30, Gao Shuxun held a meeting of military officers at the headquarters and solemnly announced the news that he led the uprising. In the early morning of October 31, Liu Bocheng personally went to Matou town with Bo Yibo's deputy political commissar and Li Da's chief of staff to meet with Gao Shuxun and congratulate him.After negotiation, the high department was changed to "Democratic National Founding Army", and on November 1st it marched to Wu'an County, the old liberated area in the northwest. When Gao Shuxun led the New Eighth Army and the Hebei Civil Army to Wu'an Boyan and Yicheng, he was warmly welcomed by the people of the liberated areas along the way.Gao Shuxun was greatly encouraged.What moved Gao Shuxun in particular was that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent him a congratulatory message on November 2 in the names of Zhu De and Mao Zedong. On November 10, the uprising New Eighth Army and the Hebei People's Army were officially renamed the "Democratic National Founding Army". Gao Shuxun was appointed as the commander-in-chief.The news shocked the whole country. On November 13, with the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping and Bo Yibo introduced Gao Shuxun to join the Communist Party of China. Deng Xiaoping spoke highly of the significance of Gao Shuxun's uprising to the Eighth Route Army's victory in the Ping-Han Campaign.In the article "Review of Erye's History", he wrote: "The Battle of Ping-Han should be said to be mainly about fighting political battles well and fighting for Gao Shuxun's uprising. If we fight hard, we will suffer a lot of casualties." "His contribution is great. Without his uprising, the enemy would not have won, but neither It will fail so simply, and there is still the ability to retreat, at least to run out of the main force. When he revolted, the two armies of Mafa Wu were wiped out by us, and only 3,000 people escaped." Gao Shuxun was the first senior general of the Kuomintang army to revolt on the battlefield during the War of Liberation.For its significance, Mao Zedong saw it more far-reaching. He thought of an experience of defeating the enemy that the ancients had summed up long ago: "Attack the heart first." " call. The call pointed out: In order to crush the Kuomintang's offensive, our party must divide all Kuomintang troops that are preparing to attack and are attacking.On the one hand, our army carried out open and extensive political propaganda and political offensives against the Kuomintang army in order to disintegrate the fighting will of the Kuomintang army.On the other hand, it is necessary to prepare and organize the uprising from within the Kuomintang army, and carry out the Gao Shuxun movement, so that a large number of Kuomintang troops will follow Gao Shuxun's example at the critical moment of the war and stand on the side of the people, opposing civil war and advocating peace. Just when Mao Zedong called for the widespread implementation of the Gao Shuxun movement in the Kuomintang army, Chiang Kai-shek also learned a lesson from the Gao Shuxun incident.Since then, he has strengthened the strict control and spy rule within the Kuomintang army to prevent similar incidents from happening. Unfortunately, Chiang Kai-shek's work was not as effective as Mao Zedong's call. During the 4-year War of Liberation, there were 120 uprisings by KMT officers and soldiers, of which there were more than 60 major uprisings above the division level, and the number of uprisings reached 1.14 million (excluding surrenders), accounting for more than 1/7 of Chiang Kai-shek's total force of 8 million.These uprisings shook the Kuomintang's military spirit, disintegrated its will to fight, accelerated Chiang Kai-shek's military collapse and political crisis, and accelerated the process of victory in the War of Liberation.This shows the special role of the Gao Shuxun movement.