Chapter 25 Communists' "Magic Whip", "Fang Tianyin", "Xinghuang Banner"

In the summer of 1939, due to the needs of the situation and struggle, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to merge North Shaanxi Public School, Yan’an Luyi, Anwubao Wartime Youth Training Class, and Yan’an Workers’ School to form the North China United University, and all of them went to the front line in southeast Shanxi. On July 9th, Mao Zedong and other central leaders saw off the teachers and students who were about to set off in Qiaoergou.Mao Zedong delivered an impromptu speech. He talked and laughed happily, using a story in the classical Chinese novel "Feng Shen Bang" as a metaphor:

When Jiang Ziya went down to Kunlun Mountains, Yuanshi Tianzun gave him three magic weapons: Xinghuangqi, Fang Tianyin, and Dashenbian. Jiang Ziya defeated all the enemies with these three magic weapons.Today, you are also going down the mountain to fight against the Japanese invaders at the front line. I also give you three magic weapons, namely: united front, guerrilla warfare and revolutionary unity. First of all, Mao Zedong compared the united front to Jiang Ziya's "whip".He said that Wang Jingwei had rebelled, and Zhang Jingwei, Li Jingwei, Zhao Jingwei, and Qian Jingwei in the united front also wanted to make a Zhang Songxian map.If you want to go, always go, if you can't stay again and again, let them go!However, the landlord and bourgeoisie will not all go away, and some will still resist Japan. Long-term cooperation is possible, so we must adhere to the united front.As for the allies, if we can keep him for one more day, we will keep him for one day. If we can win him for half a day or one night, it is good.It would even be good to leave him for breakfast.

Mao Zedong picked up the teapot on the table and said, unity does not mean that we should not fight. The Kuomintang beat us with a stick, and when we were cornered, we picked up the teapot and counterattacked him.People do not attack me, I will not attack others, if people attack me, I will attack them, this is the words of the sage, there is no reason not to listen to it. The united front is our magic weapon. If we master this magic weapon well, we can drive the Japanese invaders out of China. Next, Mao Zedong talked about guerrilla warfare. He pointed out that guerrilla warfare is also a magic weapon that the Communist Party has learned in the past 18 years. In order to obtain this magic weapon, we have lost countless blood and died.To solve China's problems, we must not only use words, but also use things.If you are not armed, everything will be done well.When you go out, you can do any job, no matter what, you have to connect with the armed forces to have a way out.We should hold on tight and never let go.

Mao Zedong compared guerrilla warfare to Jiang Ziya's "Fang Tianyin", and believed that with this magic weapon, all demons and ghosts could be suppressed.Guerrilla warfare combined with regular warfare can overthrow Japanese imperialism, and an independent, free and happy new China can emerge. Finally, Mao Zedong talked about the issue of revolutionary unity. He said that the unity of the revolution is very important. Without this, the united front cannot be done well, and guerrilla warfare cannot be fought.This is also a very good experience of our Communist Party in the past 18 years.

Mao Zedong pointed out that the unity of the revolutionary team also has the problem of unity and struggle, but the struggle is not about manual actions, but criticism and self-criticism.He compared revolutionary unity to Jiang Ziya's "Xinghuang Banner" and pointed out that we should have this flag in our revolutionary ranks.The Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and the Communist Party are not afraid of any difficulties because of the unity of this revolutionary center. "United front", "guerrilla warfare" and "revolutionary unity" were Mao Zedong's initial expressions of the three magic weapons, which reflected Mao Zedong's level of understanding of the basic issues of the Chinese revolution.

In October 1939, the Party Central Committee established a special party newspaper - "Communist".Mao Zedong fully stated in the "Introduction": "The united front, armed struggle, and party building are the three magic weapons, the three main magic weapons, for the Chinese Communist Party to defeat the enemy in the Chinese revolution." The united front is one of the three magic weapons.Starting from the nature of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, Mao Zedong pointed out that in order to defeat a powerful enemy, China must establish the broadest united front led by the proletariat and including the participation of other revolutionary classes.In Chinese society, the peasants are the staunch allies of the proletariat, and the urban petty bourgeoisie are also the closest friends.The most difficult thing to deal with is the relationship with the bourgeoisie. Therefore, the establishment or forced split of the revolutionary united front between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie has become one of the characteristics of the Chinese revolution.

During the first great revolution, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party established a revolutionary united front, joined hands in the Northern Expedition and achieved major victories.However, due to the right-leaning capitulationism represented by Chen Duxiu in the CCP, it could not correctly handle the relationship with the bourgeoisie. The proletariat and the Communist Party became the tail of the bourgeoisie and its political parties. Unique to the party. During the land revolution stage from 1927 to 1937, the "left" dogmatists in the CCP implemented the wrong "closed-door" policy on the united front. They always demanded that the revolutionary force be "pure and pure" and that the revolutionary road " Straight and straight", drove the "thousands" and "mighty" allies to the enemy's side, which led to the same evil results as the right capitulationism.

Mao Zedong summed up the party's historical experience and lessons in using the magic weapon of the united front, and pointed out the problems that should be paid attention to in the united front.First of all, it is necessary to correctly understand the dual nature of the national bourgeoisie, and to clarify the necessity and possibility of establishing a united front with the national bourgeoisie.In China, national oppression is the most serious. To a certain extent, the national bourgeoisie can participate in the struggle against imperialism and feudalism;In this regard, the proletariat should maintain a high degree of vigilance.

Secondly, China's comprador bourgeois camp is not monolithic.Since the various groups of the comprador big bourgeoisie in China are based on different imperialisms, when the contradictions among the various imperialisms are intensified, when the sharp edge of the revolution is mainly against a certain imperialism, they belong to the Big bourgeois groups in other imperialist systems may also oppose a certain imperialist struggle to a certain extent and for a certain period of time.At this time, it is necessary and possible for the Chinese proletariat to establish a united front with the bourgeoisie and maintain it as much as possible under conditions conducive to the revolution.In this way, the proletariat will be able to unite as much as possible with all those who can be united against its main enemy.

Finally, Mao Zedong proposed that in the united front, a policy of both unity and struggle must be implemented. In the united front, we must never ignore that the bourgeoisie, especially the big bourgeoisie, is trying its best to influence the petty bourgeoisie, peasants, the proletariat and the Communist Party, and strive to eliminate the independence of the proletariat and the Communist Party and turn them into our own tail; Ignore the fact that the bourgeoisie will rebel against the revolution whenever the revolution conflicts with the self-interest of a group of them, and they must both unite and fight against the bourgeoisie.Without alliances, the party cannot advance, its strength cannot expand, and the revolution cannot develop; without struggle, the party will disintegrate ideologically, politically, and organizationally, it will lose its position in alliances, and it will make wedding clothes for others, and the revolution will fail.Only struggle can unite, and unprincipled compromise and concession will ruin the united front.

The second magic weapon of the Communist Party is armed struggle. Stalin said: "In China, it is the armed revolution that opposes the armed counter-revolution. This is one of the characteristics of the Chinese revolution, and it is also one of the advantages of the Chinese revolution." Mao Zedong very much agreed with Stalin's point of view. He believed that in China, a backward, barbaric, semi-colonial country without democracy, armed struggle was the best and the main form of struggle.Armed struggle at present is guerrilla warfare.In China, "without armed struggle, there will be no status for the proletariat, no status for the people, no status for the Communist Party, and no victory for the revolution." This is the experience that the Communist Party has gained in exchange for 18 years.At the same time, "without armed struggle, without guerrilla warfare, one cannot understand the political line of the Communist Party." In China, the correct path of armed struggle is to encircle the cities from the countryside and finally capture the cities. This idea originated during the Agrarian Revolutionary War. Revolutions in European countries centered on cities.However, even Li Lisan, who made the mistake of adventurism, realized that China was different from Europe, pointing out: "The riot in Berlin can - and must - make the whole of Germany respond, and the victory of Paris is the victory of the whole of France, but But there is no important city in China that can play the role of Paris and Berlin." In the autumn of 1928, based on the experience of numerous armed uprisings, Mao Zedong wrote "Why Can China's Red Regime Exist?" "" and "Jinggangshan Struggle" two papers put forward the idea of ​​"armed separation of workers and peasants". In March 1929, Zhou Enlai drafted instructions for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Front Committee of Hunan and Hubei. When talking about "the future way out", he pointed out that "what should be paid attention to at present is not to occupy the big cities, but to mobilize in the countryside. the masses, go deep into the agrarian revolution". In January 1930, Mao Zedong published "A single spark can start a prairie fire", which linked the armed separatism of workers and peasants with the idea of ​​winning the national revolution, and proposed that the rural areas should be the center, the proletariat should lead the peasants, carry out armed struggle in the rural areas, and establish political power , carry out the agrarian revolution, turn the backward countryside into an advanced revolutionary position, encircle the counter-revolutionary cities with the revolutionary countryside, and finally seize the national power. However, limited by the level of understanding and practical experience at that time, this theory was not yet mature. Under the new situation of the Anti-Japanese War, Mao Zedong further thought, perfected and enriched this thought, which was reflected in works such as "On the New Stage", "War and Strategic Issues", "Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party of China". On November 6, 1938, Mao Zedong published "Problems of War and Strategy", pointing out that the central task and highest form of revolution is to seize power by force and solve problems by war.This is a universal revolutionary principle of Marxism-Leninism, and it is true no matter in China or abroad.However, when proletarian parties implement this principle, they must adopt different revolutionary roads according to the different conditions of each country.In capitalist countries, where bourgeois democracy is practiced internally and there is no national oppression externally, the task of the proletarian party is to educate the workers, generate strength after a long period of legal struggle, and enter uprisings and wars when the time is right. When it comes to uprisings and wars, they first occupy the cities and then attack the countryside. China is different.The characteristic of China is that it is not an independent democratic country, but is oppressed by the feudal system and imperialism. Therefore, there is no parliament to use, and no organized workers have the legal right to go on strike.Here, "the task of the Communist Party is basically not to enter the uprising and war through a long legal struggle, nor is it to occupy the city first and then take the countryside, but to take the opposite path." In October 1938, in "On the New Stage", Mao Zedong definitely answered the question of how the countryside can encircle and defeat the cities from the aspects of social conditions, geographical conditions, and the conditions of the times, and also answered the question of how to encircle and occupy the cities. He said: "Surround the city with a canine war, isolate the city, gradually grow your own strength from the long-term war, change the situation between the enemy and ourselves, and then cooperate with the changes in the world to expel the enemy and restore the city." In December 1939, in the article "The Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party of China", Mao Zedong further demonstrated the necessity and possibility of the Chinese revolution encircling the cities from the countryside and finally seizing the urban roads.In this way, the road encircling the city from the countryside is more complete and has a more complete theoretical form. Party building is the third magic weapon. Mao Zedong believed that for the victory of the Chinese revolution, it is necessary to build a Bolshevik Communist Party of China that is nationwide, popular, ideologically, politically and organizationally consolidated.To build such a party, it is necessary to make party members and comrades have a deep understanding of China's historical and social conditions, the characteristics of the Chinese revolution, and the laws of the Chinese revolution, and have a unified understanding of the theory of Marxism-Leninism and the practice of the Chinese revolution.Strengthening party building is the most effective means for the Chinese Communist Party to overcome all difficulties and enemies. Mao Zedong vividly pointed out the relationship between the three: "The united front and armed struggle are the two basic weapons to defeat the enemy." The party organizations are "heroic fighters who master these two weapons to charge the enemy."He also pointed out that a correct understanding of these three issues and their interrelationships is equivalent to understanding the entire Chinese revolution. In the novel, Yuanshi Tianzun gave Jiang Ziya three magic weapons, which is a myth in the ancient times, reflecting the people's hope to use the power of gods to defeat the evil demons in the world.The three magic weapons that Mao Zedong gave to the Communists were scientific summaries of the experience of the Chinese revolution, and their power was even greater. Relying on these three magic weapons, they defeated the Japanese invaders and the Kuomintang, and won the great victory of the democratic revolution.