Chapter 12 Mud legs into the big city

On January 13, 1937, northern Shaanxi was icy and snowy, the Yanhe River had not yet thawed, the river was hard and cold, and it was a vast expanse.However, Yan'an City, at this time, is decorated with lanterns and festoons, and the sky is full of gongs and drums, which is full of joy.Thousands of people lined the roads to meet a procession entering the city. Moved from Bao'an in northern Shaanxi to Yan'an. At the head of this team was Mao Zedong.He looked at the festive atmosphere in the city, and then at the crowd around him. He smiled and said to the left and right: "Go into the big city with mud legs!"

Everyone laughed. Why don't they laugh?In the past history, they have never settled in such a big city with such swagger and without any sacrifice as they do today. Yan'an was the defense zone of the Northeast Army before the Xi'an Incident.After the incident, the Nanjing government troops approached Tongguan, and the eastern front was in a hurry. Zhang Xueliang urgently transferred the Northeast Army on the western front to reinforce the eastern front and concentrated in Xi'an.Therefore, the troops in Yan'an, Ganquan, and Fuxian were withdrawn, and the three places were handed over to the Red Army in a friendly manner.

The Red Army stationed here for 10 years.Until 1947, Yan'an was the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission. In the past 10 years, as Mao Zedong said, "Yan'an is like London in England", and it has become the center of the Chinese Communist Party's policy, the guidance center of the Chinese revolution, and the "capital" of the red regime. Compared with Wuqi Town, Wayaobao, and Baoan, Yan'an has many differences. It has always been an important frontier town in Northwest my country.In the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Yi was granted the title of King Zhai by Xiang Yu, and established Zhai State, so he established his capital here.Later, after the construction of successive dynasties and the relocation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Yan'an was already a beautiful city in northern Shaanxi.

Therefore, Li De was very happy after moving here.In his memoirs, the description of Yan'an is full of emotion: For foreigners, "Yan'an is located on a plain, where three river valleys meet, surrounded by undulating loess hills, which is really different from Bao'an. The city is surrounded by a solid city wall, which winds upwards in the north and crosses mountain ridges. There are hundreds of rather nice houses and courtyards in the city of Yan'an, and the situation is generally the same in the surrounding suburbs. Many houses, mainly the most spacious and beautiful ones, are empty, because the residents of these houses are big landowners, officials of the Kuomintang , usurers, and merchants, who have already moved away with their families. Therefore, the housing problem is easily solved, and I was allotted a house with a nice garden in front of it."

Yan'an is another pearl on the top of the plug with rich humanities and beautiful scenery.The cultural relic landscape is very rich. "Surrounded by three mountains, surrounded by two waters".The Yanhe River and its tributaries divided the city of Yan'an into three parts.Qingliang Mountain, Fenghuang Mountain, and Baota Mountain (Jialing Mountain) stand by the Xionghe River, overlooking the ancient city.Fan Zhongyan, Yang Wenguang, Shen Kuo, Li Yanshou and other literati and celebrities left a large number of handwriting and cultural relics here. Mao Zedong was very satisfied with this new home.In his spare time, he wandered along the Yanhe River, climbed Pagoda Mountain and Qingliang Mountain, inspected the people, things and things in Yan'an with the insightful eyes of a knowledgeable archaeologist and historian, and inspected the past, present and future of Yan'an. future.Mao Zedong thought that Yan'an was a city with ideology and culture. After the Communist Party took control of Yan'an, it must not let the fire of this ideology and culture be extinguished, but should inherit it and transform it so that this ideology and culture can be reshaped and restored. sublimation.

Mao Zedong did it, and he and his comrades really cultivated the "Yan'an Spirit" here. On May 29, 1937, Yan'an, the red capital, was once again decorated with lanterns and festoons, and the banner "Welcome the Central Investigation Group Working Hard for the Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party" was put up. Welcome ceremony. Anyone with a discerning eye can tell at a glance that the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation negotiations have entered a substantive stage. Sure enough, it didn't take long for both sides to release news surrounding the legitimacy of the Communist Party in Yan'an.

On September 6, the Communist Party of China officially announced the renaming and restructuring.Announced that the Northwest Office of the Central Provisional Government of the Chinese Soviet was officially renamed and reorganized as the Government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.Chairman Lin Boqu, Vice Chairman Zhang Guotao, the capital of the border region government is located in Yan'an. On October 12, the Executive Yuan of the National Government held its 333rd meeting.It is clearly announced that Yan'an, Ansai, Bao'an, Anding, Yanchang, Yanchuan, Guyi, Chunhua, Dingbian, Jingbian, Ganquan, Yanxian, Mizhi, Suide, Jiaxian, Qingjian, Wu Fort and Qingyang, Heshui, Huanxian, Zhenyuan, Ningxian, and Zhengning in Gansu Province, a total of 23 counties, belong to the jurisdiction of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.In addition, Ningxia's Huamachi (Yanchi County), Shenfu District, and parts of Guanzhong District were used as recruitment areas for the Eighth Route Army and were directly under the jurisdiction of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government.The entire border area is bordered by the Yellow River in the east, the Great Wall in the north, the Liupan Mountains in the west, and Jingshui in the south. It is 500 kilometers long from north to south and 400 kilometers wide from east to west.

The implications of these two decisions are extraordinary.The renaming and restructuring of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region is not a simple change of name or name. From the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Base Area - the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Base Area - the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Special Zone - the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area, each name All have a history. After the Battle of Zhiluo Town, the Red Army then held the Eastern Expedition and the Western Expedition, which further consolidated and expanded the original Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base. Since the base area expanded to Ningxia, in May 1936, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China officially renamed the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base as Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Base.

After the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, in order to promote the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front, the Chinese Communist Party called the Third Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang on February 10, 1937. It first proposed that as long as the Kuomintang fulfills the five conditions of "stopping the civil war and unitedly resisting Japan", Then the Chinese Communist Party will be willing to cancel the confrontation between the two regimes, and change the name of the Soviet workers' and peasants' democratic government to the government of the Special Administrative Region of the Republic of China, which will be directly under the guidance of the Nanjing central government.Soon, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China took the initiative to change the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Soviet Area into the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Special Zone.

After the July 7th Incident, after negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek recognized the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.From then on, the border area not only had its own scope under the legal jurisdiction of the Republic of China, but also had its own parliamentary democratic new political system that was different from other regions of the Republic of China. The establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government is the result of the Communist Party of China's efforts to establish the anti-Japanese national united front and realize the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

The Communist Party and the Kuomintang fought for 10 years, and finally won a piece of land for survival and development within the scope of the Republic of China in a special form.Since then, Mao Zedong and his comrades have let go of their hands and feet, and boldly carried out various experiments in the political, economic, military, and cultural construction of new democracy on this land.Soon, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region became the most politically progressive center in China. Therefore, Yan'an has become the place where the red sun rises in the hearts of the people of the whole country, the future and hope of China...