Chapter 34 Chapter 33 Honghu Lake, Long and Long

After the Honghu Red Guards grew stronger, in order to sum up experience and lessons, improve the political level of cadres and party members, the Special Committee of Western Hubei formulated correct policies and policies to win new victories. The second congress of the Western Hubei Party was held, with 35 delegates present, representing more than 4,000 party members from 12 counties. In addition, there were 50 observer delegates. Representatives from Hubei Province attended and guided the congress. Before the meeting, Zhou Yiqun and other leading comrades of the West Hubei Special Committee discussed various tasks in accordance with the spirit of the "Sixth National Congress" of the Central Committee and the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, and combined with the actual situation in the Honghu area, and put forward various draft resolutions.

At the meeting, the presidium of the conference promoted democracy, encouraged representatives to actively sum up experience, criticize shortcomings and mistakes, and organized representatives to participate in two mass gatherings held in Shishou in order to go deep into the masses, listen to opinions, exchange experiences, and hold a good conference.The congress had heated discussions on issues such as armed struggle, agrarian revolution, and the construction of the Soviet regime, and passed twelve documents including the "Resolution on the Current Political Tasks and Work Guidelines of the Western Hubei Party", and elected a new special committee leadership members.

The Congress summarized the workers' movement, the peasants' movement, the youth movement, the women's movement, economic work, the mutiny issue, and propaganda and agitation work.The resolution of the meeting delineated 4 central county committees, namely Yichang, Jingmen, Nanxian, and Jianli counties, and divided 6 inspection areas, namely, Shishou, Jianli, and Mianyang counties as the first inspection area; The districts of Jiang, Jingshan, Tianmen, and Dangyang are the second inspection area; the six counties of Badong, Xingshan, Zigui, Changyang, Wufeng, and Yuan'an are the third inspection area; Songzi, Zhijiang, and Yidu are the fourth inspection area District; Public Security, Yichang, Shashi, and Jiangling are special areas; Nanxian, Huarong, and Anxiang are the fifth inspection area.

Based on the nomination of the Provincial Party Committee, the Congress elected seven full members and two alternate members to form a new leading body of the special committee.After that, the first special committee of the second session was held.It was decided that Zhou Yiqun, Zhongming, and Wenhua would form the Standing Committee, with Zhou Yiqun as the secretary, Zhongming as the head of organization, and Wenhua as the head of propaganda. In order to strengthen the leadership of the West Hubei Special Committee and the armed forces, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Wang Yiming, Zhou Rongguang, Zhou Xiaokang and others to Honghu.

After the "Second National Congress" of the Western Hubei Party, the special committee carried out intensive work for the task of establishing a "coalition regime of several counties".At this time, according to the instructions of the Central Committee, the special committee reorganized the Honghu Red Guards into the First Independent Division of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (also known as the Central Independent Division).At this time, the Honghu Red Guards had grown to more than 5,000 people.The First Independent Division has three columns under its command, Duan Dechang.The Red Army in Jianli and Mianyang formed a column, and the column commander Wang Yiming was divided into two brigades, with more than 400 rifles, more than 200 company guns, and two flower machine guns; the Shishou Red Army formed the second column, and the column commander Duan In Yulin, there are two brigades, with more than 300 rifles, more than 80 rifles, and two machine guns; the third column is under preparation and will be composed of the Red Army from Changyang, Jingmen, Zhongxiang, and Jiangling.

Immediately after the establishment of the first and second columns, they attacked the enemy in Jianli, Mianyang, Jiangling, and Shishou respectively, and wiped out various reactionary forces.The Second Column captured Haoxue, an important town in Jiangling, at the end of December, and then developed towards Pujiguan and Shagang. Those reactionary forces fled one after another, and the situation was extremely favorable for the Red Army. At this time, the Hubei Provincial Party Committee instructed the Red First Division to advance to Hanchuan and Hanyang to attack Wuhan. When the first column received the instruction from the Provincial Party Committee, it immediately carried out and sent someone to notify the second column to concentrate on Honghu.

Wuhan is the enemy's military center, and the enemy's army is gathered. Although the war between Jiang, Feng, and Yan is brewing at this time, if the Red First Division attacks Wuhan, it will really hit a stone with an egg.This instruction from the Hubei Provincial Party Committee overestimated the strength of the First Red Division.When the first column was preparing to advance to Hanyang and the second column was approaching Honghu, Liu Zhixun, an inspector of the Military Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, went to Honghu Lake. Liu Zhixun listened to the reports of Zhou Yiqun and Duan Dechang.Zhou and Duan both said that it was inappropriate to attack Hanyang at this time. Liu Zhixun immediately canceled the plan of the Red First Division to attack Hanyang as an inspector, and ordered the second column to join the first column at Honghu.After Duan Yulin received Liu Zhixun's letter, he immediately led the second column to set off from Shishou, first incorporated a squadron of the Xiongjiahe regular training team, and then captured Puji Temple and Shagang, and obtained more than fifty guns.

On February 5, 1930, the first and second columns successfully joined forces at Wangjiaqiao in Jianli County. After the first and second columns joined forces, the Hubei District Special Committee announced that the Independent First Division would be upgraded to the Sixth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army according to the instructions of the Central Committee.Army Commander Sun Deqing, Political Commissar Zhou Yiqun, Deputy Army Commander Duan Dechang, and Chief of Staff Xu Guangda, as Sun Deqing did not arrive due to illness, Kuang Jixun replaced him as Army Commander.There are three columns under its jurisdiction: Duan Dechang, the commander of the first column, concurrently serves as the political commissar Wang He; Duan Yulin, the commander of the second column, and Zhou Rongguang, the political commissar; the third column is being formed.By this time, the Sixth Red Army had grown to more than 7,000 members, and a new front committee was formed, with 7 members and 3 alternate members.Among the committee members, in addition to Zhou Yiqun, Duan Dechang, Sun Deqing, Duan Yulin, Xu Guangda and other military and political leaders, there are also two soldiers, one named Zhang Chuanxian and the other named Xu Changxian.After the reorganization of the front committee, the party organization in the army has been rectified.

At this time, there were more than 60 party members in the first column, and 3 branches and 20 party groups were established. The second column had more than 70 party members, and 3 branches and 9 party groups were established.Each column has a political department, equipped with political commissars and instructors, to play the active role of the soldiers' committee, and to promote political, economic and military democracy.Politically, officers and soldiers are equal, and corporal punishment is strictly prohibited. Officers and soldiers are called "comrade" or "commander", "cook" and so on.Economic equality and open accounts.In this way, although the Sixth Red Army had difficulties in providing supplies and the soldiers had a bad life, they had no complaints.At this time, the Sixth Army of the Red Army had formed a revolutionary armed force of workers and peasants that grew out of mass struggle, did not have the old habits of the old-style army, was class-conscious, and was able to endure hardships and stand hard work.

Let me introduce the situation of Sun Deqing, Xu Guangda and Kuang Jixun. Sun Deqing, also known as Sun Yizhong, was born in Shouxian County, Anhui Province, graduated from the first phase of Whampoa, and is a member of the Communist Party.During the Northern Expedition, he served as the battalion commander of the 75th Regiment of the 25th Division of Li Hanhun of the Zhang Fakui Department of the National Revolutionary Army.During the Nanchang Uprising, Sun Deqing led the backbone of the 75th regiment to participate in the Nanchang Uprising.Afterwards, the 75th Regiment was incorporated into the 25th Division, and the rebel army went south. During the fierce battle at Sanheba, the 75th Regiment stood firm on Bizhiwei Mountain. Sun Deqing was seriously injured, and was rescued by members of the local farmers association and escaped , and moved to Shanghai.After arriving in Shanghai, Bai Wenwei, the 37th Army of the Anhui Faction of the Kuomintang, wanted to set up a corps to expand his power. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China knew this and sent Sun Deqing to Anhui.Sun Deqing and Bai Wenwei had a deep friendship with classmates from the same hometown. Bai Wenwei didn't know that Sun Deqing was a member of the Communist Party. He knew that Sun Deqing had organizational skills and strong military literacy, so he appointed Sun Deqing as the head of the corps.Sun took this opportunity to arrange the Nanchang Uprising, and the Communist Party members who were dispersed after the failure of the uprising went to work in the Xuebing Corps.At this time, Xu Guangda, commander of the 11th company of the 75th Regiment, and Liao Yunzhou, the staff officer, came to the Xuebing Corps together.

Xu Guangda, also known as Xu Dehua, was born in Luobochong, Dongxiang, Changsha County, Hunan Province, from a poor background.Xu Guangda has been extremely intelligent since he was a child, and he has a good memory for reading. In 1926, he was admitted to the Second Regiment of the Whampoa Military Academy and studied artillery. In May 1927, when Ninghan and Han were divided, Xia Douyin's troops rebelled in western Hubei and attacked Wuhan. The military students were ordered to reorganize into the Central Independent Division, and the division commander was Ye Ting.Xu Guangda followed Ye Ting to attack Xia Douyin.In July, the political situation in Wuhan reversed and the political situation was turbulent. The fifth batch of cadets from the military academy hadtily graduated, and Xu Guangda was assigned to the Artillery Battalion directly under the Fourth Army of Zhang Fakui as a trainee platoon leader.Soon, the East conquered Chiang.Xu Guangda moved to Jiujiang with the Fourth Army.During the Nanchang Uprising, Xu Guangda was in Jiujiang.At this time, Zhang Fakui issued an order that anyone who believes in communists should leave his army within three days.Therefore, Xu Guangda secretly left Jiujiang with several party members, when the Nanxun Railway was interrupted.Xu et al went south on foot, crossed Lushan Mountain, and crossed the Ganshui River. When they arrived in Nanchang, the uprising troops had already withdrawn and went south.Xu Guangda and others continued to chase southward, but they encountered bandits on the way, and all their money and belongings were looted.In Ningdu, after catching up with the 25th Division of the Guard of the uprising army, Xu Guangda was incorporated into the 11th Battalion of the 3rd Battalion of the Sun Yizhong Regiment of the 25th Division as the platoon leader.When the uprising troops arrived in Tingzhou, Li Yihong, the commander of the 11th company, was transferred elsewhere, and Xu was promoted to be the commander of the 11th company.During the fierce battle at Sanheba, Xu Guangda was seriously injured and stayed in Maoqian Village, 20 miles north of Dapu, to recuperate.A month later, boarded a cargo ship from Chaoshan and arrived in Shanghai at the end of November.When Xu Guangda was in Shanghai, he suddenly heard the news that Sun Yizhong was setting up a corps in Anhui, so he and Liao Yunzhou rushed to the station of the corps in Shou County, Anhui. Sun Yizhong was naturally very happy to see that it was Xu and Liao.Because of Sun Deqing's mistakes in work strategy, the activities were discovered.When Bai Wenwei learned that Sun Deqing secretly recruited Communist Party members in the name of the Xuebing Corps, he was furious and went to Shou County in person to arrest Sun Deqing, Xu Guangda and others.After hearing the news, Sun and other party members had to leave overnight. On the way, they separated from each other.Since then, Xu Guangda has lost contact with the party organization.He changed his name to Xu Fanzhou and decided to go north to find the party.I arrived in Tangshan via Beiping, where I made a living digging coal in the Tangshan mines. I searched everywhere, but I couldn't find any party organizations.A few months later, Xu Guangda went south to look for the party again.After twists and turns, it was not until July 1929 that he got in touch with the party organization in Shanghai and met Sun Deqing.When the Sixth Red Army was established, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China sent two people to Honghu and appointed Sun Deqing as the commander of the Sixth Red Army.Unexpectedly, when the two were about to get up, Sun Deqing suddenly became ill and his condition worsened.The central government appointed Kuang Jixun as the commander of the Sixth Red Army, and Xu Guangda went to Honghu with Kuang Jixun. Kuang Jixun, No. Jiji, was born in Sinan, Guizhou, from a poor background.Father is a doctor selling medicine in Chuanxiang.Because of his family's difficult circumstances, Jixun only studied in private schools for two or three years when he was young and helped his family earn a living. Therefore, Jixun is well aware of the suffering of the poor.During the turmoil of 1911, Kuang Jixun entered Sichuan with his friends and joined the Sichuan Army as a soldier under Lai Xinhui.Because of his courage and strategy in combat, he was promoted to battalion commander within three years.Since the May 4th Movement, Kuang Jixun was infected by progressive thoughts, and although he was in the ranks of warlords, he was quite progressive. In 1925, Kuang Jixun's brigade was under the command of Sichuan governor Yang Sen.Later, Yang Sen was defeated by the coalition forces of Deng Xihou, Tian Songyao, Liu Wenhui, and Liu Xiang. Kuang Jixun's troops were reorganized into Deng Xihou's Jiangfang Army.Liu Danwu, the brigade commander of Kuang Jixun's brigade, was a leftist of the Kuomintang and supported Kuang's revolutionary activities very much.When the troops were stationed in Peng County, Kuang Jixun's friend Wang Wending returned from Wuhan. From Wang's mouth, Kuang learned that there was a "Chinese Youth Military Federation" led by the Communist Party in Guangdong. The Sichuan Branch of the Chinese Youth Military Federation" sent people to Guangdong to join hands with the Communist Party.In this way, the Chinese Communist Party sent Qin Qingchuan, a Communist Party member who had gone to France for a work-study program and stayed in the Soviet Union, to the Ministry of Kuang.Kuang Jixun was very happy to see Qin Qingchuan.The two talked with each other and hit it off very well. They only hated the night they met, and Qin Qingchuan stayed in the Kuang Department to work since then. At the end of 1926, through the introduction of Qin Qingchuan and Wang Wending, Kuang Jixun joined the Communist Party of China.After Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup on "April 12", some weak-willed people left the Communist Party, but Kuang Jixun became more determined and calm in the face of white terror, and used his identity to protect many Communist Party members and revolutionary masses. In the autumn of 1928, Sichuan warlords Deng Xihou, Tian Songyao, and Yang Sen formed the "Sichuan Allied Army" to attack Liu Xiang, who was entrenched in eastern Sichuan.Deng Xihou sent Kuang Jixun's seventh mixed brigade to fight in eastern Sichuan.After the Seventh Brigade went to eastern Sichuan, the brigade commander Liu Danwu handed over the position of brigade commander to Kuang Jixun as an agent, and returned to Chengdu by himself.When Liu Danwu left, his subordinates said: "Farewell to the end, let's do it with Jiji." From then on, Kuang Jixun was the acting brigade commander of the Seventh Mixed Brigade. On June 29, 1929, Kuang Jixun led more than 4,000 officers and soldiers of the Seventh Mixed Brigade to stage an uprising in Niujiaogou, Pengxi, and set up the banner of "Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Sichuan First Route Army". Party representatives.The uprising army shocked the whole Sichuan warlords.The warlords Deng, Tian, ​​and Liu fought back against the rebels together, and fierce fighting broke out between the two sides.Kuang Jixun took the lead and led the whole brigade to fight among the counties of Xichong, Yingshan, Quxian, Daxian, and Liangping. Finally, because he was outnumbered, he was flanked by the enemy in the Huchengchang and Maoerzhai areas of Liangping County and failed. .After that, Kuang Jixun came to Shanghai alone.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China wanted him to study in the Soviet Union, and because he could fire a gun with both hands, he was allowed to join the "dog-beating team" temporarily.The Dog Fighting Team is also called the "Red Team", which is dedicated to picking up traitors.In the dog-beating team, Kuang Jixun killed Bai Xin, a traitor and director of the Communist Party Eradication Committee, and wounded Huang Jinrong, the leader of the Qing Gang. Huang Jinrong was so frightened that he wrote letters to the Communist Party, saying that from now on, the well will never violate the river.In December 1929, when the Sixth Red Army was established, Sun Deqing was unable to take up his post due to serious illness. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China sent Kuang Jixun to Honghu as the commander of the Sixth Red Army.Kuang Jixun and Xu Guangda went to the headquarters of the Sixth Red Army in Wangjiaqiao, Jianli County. After the establishment of the Sixth Red Army and the addition of dozens of capable generals sent by the central government, its strength immediately increased greatly. In order to consolidate and expand the revolutionary base, the Sixth Red Army moved to Xinguan Temple, held a meeting of thousands of people to commemorate the "February 7th" strike, and swore to go out. In early and mid-February 1930, they successfully captured Longwan, Xiongkou, and Laoxin. Important market towns such as Kou and Zhangjinhe.Then, they conquered Xingouzui, an important town in the north of Jianli, and Yuyang Town in Liangyang, making Jiangling, Shishou, Jianli, Qianjiang, Mianyang and other counties roughly united. Amid the thousands of hectares of waves, there was a song that stirred people's hearts. The water of Honghu Lake, the waves are hitting the waves, the shore of Honghu Lake is the hometown,... He Chengjun, Chairman of Hubei Province of the Nationalist Government and Superintendent of Qingxiang, heard that the Red Army was powerful in Honghu, so he declared to Nanjing, and at the same time dispatched troops to Honghu to "encircle and suppress". Hong Hong "suppressed red". However, at this time, the war between Jiang, Feng, and Yan was imminent, and Xia Douyin's troops could only draw two regiments. How could the soldiers of the two regiments resist the Sixth Red Army? The Sixth Red Army seized Qianjiang City in late February 1930 with lightning speed, and captured the chief of police, the chief of education and many local inferiors. At the beginning of March, marched westward and conquered Haoxue again, defeating two battalions of Xia Douyin's troops.In the middle of the ten days, Duan Dechang personally led the main force to conquer Guanyin Temple and approached Shashi City.The enemies of Shashi feared the strength of the Sixth Red Army and retreated into the city, not daring to go one step further.Afterwards, the Sixth Red Army marched south again, successively captured the important towns of Ouchi, Tiaoxiankou, and Shishou City on the south bank of the Yangtze River, and seized more than 600 guns. At this time, the prestige of the Red Army deterred the enemies in the Honghu area.Small and large, all fled away one after another.The revolutionary struggle sentiment of the masses rose rapidly. At the beginning of April 1930, the West Hubei Special Committee held a meeting of workers, peasants, soldiers and poor workers in five counties of Jiangling, Shishou, Jianli, Mianyang, and Qianjiang at the tuning gate of Shishou, announcing the establishment of the Western Hubei Soviet Union County Government of the five counties. Zhou Yiqun and others were elected to form the presidium.Zhou Yiqun is the chairman. After the establishment of the 5-County Union County Government, Soviet regimes were established in all counties, districts, and townships. Mass organizations such as the Federation of Trade Unions, Women's Associations, Young Pioneers, Children's Leagues, and Red Guards, and mass armed forces have been strengthened and developed.Within the Soviet area, all exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes were abolished, and the land of the landlords and gentry was confiscated.Cultural, educational and health institutions were also established and developed accordingly, and the entire Soviet area was full of vitality. In mid-April, Duan Dechang went to Shanghai to participate in the National Red Army Military Conference.The Central Committee required the Fourth Red Army and the Sixth Red Army led by He Long to join together quickly to form the Second Red Army in order to complete the plan of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee to strive for the first victory in Hubei Province. After making a report, the special committee sent Wan Tao to the west of Hunan and Hubei according to the instructions of the Central Committee. , Go to Hefeng to look for the Fourth Red Army.