Chapter 11 Chapter 10: The Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Military Supervisory Defeat

On February 6, 1928, the Hubei Provincial Party Committee made the "Resolution on the Work Policy for Western Hubei". On the 10th, the "Resolution on the Work of Counties in Hubei" was made.Decided to divide the province into 9 special zones.Among them, 5 counties of Jiangling, Yichang, Dangyang, Yuan'an, and Jingmen are under the jurisdiction of Western Hubei District; 4 counties of Liangyang, Tianmen, Hanchuan, and Jingshan are under the jurisdiction of Central Hubei District; 4 counties of Public Security, Shishou, Jianli, and Qianjiang are under the jurisdiction of Southern Hubei District .The resolution stipulated that the western Hubei region should become one of the five separatist regions in the province.And require the establishment of corresponding armed forces.At that time, the party organizations and mass revolutionary armed forces in central and western Hubei had a certain foundation.The police alone have four to five hundred guns, and thousands of farmers have participated in military operations.

The victory of the riot, the continuous expansion of the revolutionary armed forces, and the rising enthusiasm of the broad masses of the people made some people in the central county party committee overheated.At this moment, there were loud calls for an attack on Jianli County.Do you want to fight Jianli? For this reason, He Long, Zhou Yiqun, and cadres above the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army battalion held the second joint meeting of Shishou and the Central County Party Committee at Li Shanglin's home in Bijiapu, Xiaohekou, to discuss the matter of attacking Jianli County.

At the meeting, there was a heated debate about whether to fight Jianli City.Wu Xianzhou and others strongly disagreed.He said: "Jianli City is garrisoned by the regular Kuomintang troops. Our guerrillas fight in regiments and fight against the regular army. We have no weapons and no experience. We must suffer a lot." Xiao Renhu, Shi Shuyuan and others advocated attacking. Xiao Renhu said: "Since the establishment of our Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, we have won many battles and victories. Now our morale is strong. Although Jianli City is stationed by regular enemy troops, it has long been overwhelmed by our army. Furthermore, Now there are not many troops stationed in Jianli, and there is support from the masses, so we scare and scare them away.”

The two sides argued fiercely until the golden rooster announced the dawn, but there was no result. He Long and Zhou Yiqun discussed it, and then He Long said: "Currently the mood of the masses is very high, and the morale of our team is also very strong. They all hope that our Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army will make a big move. If Jianli City is captured, it will They will be more encouraged and will deal a greater blow to the reactionary forces. However, the enemy's regular troops are stationed in Jianli City. Our Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army has not yet fought against the enemy's regular troops. Whether we can win depends on the strength of the enemy and our troops. , Therefore, it depends on the enemy's situation whether to fight Jianli or not, and then send people to scout out the enemy's situation."

Zhou Yiqun added: "Now the sentiment of the masses is on the rise. If we should fight or not, it will be contrary to the wishes of the masses. The masses will complain about us. If we fight blindly regardless of our strength, it will also cause unnecessary losses. Affect morale. In short, our decision-making should be based on reality." In fact, He Long, Zhou Yiqun and other leaders of the Northwest Hunan Special Committee should lead the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army to develop in areas where the enemy's rule is weak, and gradually strengthen the revolutionary armed forces.However, due to the widespread putschism in the party at that time and the idea of ​​taking the city as the central task of the riot, and the inaccurate reconnaissance of the enemy's military strength, He Long and Zhou Yiqun made up their minds to attack Jianli City.

Jianli City is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River. It faces the river on one side and is flat on three sides. Before the siege, the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants sent people to reconnaissance and learned that there was a regiment of 30 to 40 people in the city, a special service team and several local security regiments. There are two regiments of Bingyue. At that time, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army had neither weapons nor training and equipment for tackling tough battles.After the battle broke out, the advancing tactics of the Northern Expedition were adopted again. Along the way, they waved flags, shouted slogans, scattered leaflets, and posted slogans, completely exposing themselves and making the enemy ready. The revolutionary army of workers and peasants had just approached the suburbs. The two captains, Shi Shuyuan and Teng Shuyun, were wounded.Then, the enemy defending the city fired from the gun towers on the city wall, and at the same time, the enemy's warships leaning on the Yangtze River also fired bombardments.The Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was under attack from both sides and retreated quickly.Although the siege failed, there were not many casualties, so they retreated to the brick bridge at Shishou to rest.

Shi Shuyuan needed to go to Wuhan or Shanghai for treatment because of his serious injuries. In the end, the special committee decided that he should go to Shanghai to recover from his injuries and report everything to the Central Committee of the Northwest Hunan Special Committee.When Shi Shuyuan left Shishou, He Long and Zhou Yiqun personally wrote a letter to the central government, asking the central government to use 800 yuan to buy guns in Han and 200 yuan for Shi Shuyuan's medical expenses out of the thousand yuan distributed to the special committee. On March 13, Shi Shuyuan arrived in Shanghai and wrote a report to the Central Committee, reporting on the situation of the Special Committee in Northwest Hunan. The report stated:

The Northwest Hunan Special Committee, organized by the Central Committee in Shanghai in January this year, was established with Yiqun, Yunqing, Teli, Guo Liang, etc., and immediately went westward, and arrived in Han on January 15th. A joint meeting with the Hubei Provincial Party Committee was held to decide everything. At that time, because Hankou was preparing for a riot, Comrades Chen Gong and Sheng Xi were first sent from Shanghai. Chen returned to Hunan due to life difficulties, and Sheng Xi stayed in Han to direct the riot. He didn't explain, and Teli also lost contact temporarily, so none of the above-mentioned comrades should go. When he left Han, there were only a dozen people including Yunqing, Yiqun and Yuan.He brought 3 shelled guns, 2 pistols, thousands of bullets, and 5 grenades, all of which were handed over by the Hubei Provincial Party Committee.It was on the evening of January 18th when we left Han. A small steamer from Hanbao was originally scheduled to go directly to Jinshi. When the No. 21 ship arrived at Yuezhou Fanzui (a small town on the north bank of the river), it was with He Jinzhai, who was first dispatched from Shanghai. , Comrade Li Mingquan, etc. met, and disembarked to join them. At that time, they were dispatching more than 20 bandit weapons, so they came here to find us.At this time, Yunqing, Yiqun, and Jinzhai, because the number of special committees is not complete, the organization is not complete, and the local situation in the area has no contact and is not familiar with it. Stay here temporarily, and then send people to contact all parties to decide everything. After two days, the county committees of Mianyang, Jianli, Shishou, and Huarong all contacted each other, and decided to temporarily work in the area of ​​western Hubei and northern Hunan.The general situation of the work is determined by taking advantage of the Lunar New Year. The gentry and landlords from all over the country return to the countryside to collect rent and debts. Everywhere is preparing for a big harassment-the riots at the end of the year, killing the landlords and gentry, and the work of the special committee will start from then on.

Although the special committee is only Yunqing and Yiqun, they still work in the name of the special committee, and Yiqun is the secretary. Regarding the work, in addition to Yunqing and Yiqun, the Standing Committee joins Jinzhai, Mingquan and Yuan. The three of them decided together.As far as the organization of the army is concerned, an army has been set up in name, with He Jinzhai as its commander.In terms of firearms, there is a shortage of bullets, so spears and sabers are mostly used. Personal aspects of Yunqing and Jinzhai: Yunqing was in great danger on this trip, but his spirit was extremely high and his determination was extremely firm. He was afraid of distrusting the party and never hesitated. According to his frequent statements, he was always willing to accept the party's command and Obeying all resolutions, he himself was on the front line with the soldiers in all battles this time without fear.Jin Zhai is also mostly the same as Yun Qing. He obeys Yun Qing in all his actions. He often said, it is a pity that we did not publicly express it to him before the Nanchang riots, otherwise, we would not be here today.

The special committee confiscated property in various places, and only cash (a small amount) was collected by the special committee's military supply office for military supplies. Copper coins and other materials were distributed to farmers. Transportation is trivial. After Shi Shuyuan went to Shanghai for treatment, He Long, Zhou Yiqun and others went to Jiaoshanhe Town in Shishou. People in Jiaoshanhe Town put up slogans welcoming He Long and others all over the street, and presented gifts to He Long.Zhou Yiqun and He Long distributed silver dollars and copper coins to the suffering farmers, and many people were moved to tears.

Here, the former committee and the Shishou central county committee held the third joint meeting to discuss the next course of action.At the two-day meeting, everyone seriously summed up the experience and lessons since the year-end riots, studied the future work, and there were two opinions on the future work. One opinion is to go down to the lake, that is, to carry out the struggle in the area around Honghu Lake. He Long said: "When we set off from Shanghai, the central government proposed that we build blockhouses in the west of Hunan and Hubei. We might as well build an army on the mountains and then develop to the plains." Li Zhaolong, Liu Gefei and others agreed with He Long's opinion. The meeting decided that He Long, Zhou Yiqun, He Jinzhai, Li Liangyao, Lu Dongsheng, Huang Ao, He Guiru, etc. should go to western Hunan to drag troops and build an army in the mountains.The task of the Central County Party Committee was to lead the guerrilla warfare, restore the local party organization, and eliminate the traitors in Mianyang. It was decided that when the armed forces in northwestern Hunan and western Hubei reached a certain scale, the two troops would join forces in Songzi, Gongan in June. On February 20, He Long, Zhou Yiqun, He Jinzhai, Lu Dongsheng, Li Liangyao, Huang Ao and others embarked on a journey to western Hunan. When He Long, Zhou Yiqun and others left Jiaoshanhe, thousands of peasants sent them to the ten-mile long pavilion, still reluctant to leave He Long and others, and wanted to see them off.He Long said excitedly: "Farmer brothers, don't send them away anymore. We went to Xiangxi to fight back. By then, Xiangxi and Hubei will be connected." After all, everyone shed tears and left.Someone sang a song: Not long after He Long and others left, the newly formed Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army went awry.Xiao Renhu refused to accept Li Zhaolong's dispatch, and led one of the troops to do it alone.Xiao Renhu's personal heroism is serious. He Long is still convinced as the leader, but Li Zhaolong looks down on him. Regarding Xiao Renhu, He Long later recalled: Xiao Renhu is very timid. First, he is afraid of suffering. Honghu soldiers are used to taking boats and rarely walk, but we walk at night. We walk dozens of miles and hundreds of villages, and even kill local tyrants.They were afraid; secondly, they were afraid of war. We brought veterans of the Nanchang riots, who were able to fight, and Xiao’s men were farmers, so they were a little scared when they started fighting; thirdly, they had some inappropriate handling of Xiao Renhu’s men.We brought more than a hundred bandit guns, and gave a few to Wu Xianzhou's department, but none to Xiao Renhu.Most of it was given to He Jinzhai, but Xiao was not satisfied.Dispensing guns wasn't easy back then either.The guns He Jinzhai and the others carried were more difficult than killing them. Zhou Yiqun also understood the situation and did some work, but if it didn't work out, let it go.Later, Xiao Renhu returned to Honghu, he did not want to be led by the Shishou Central County Committee. After Xiao Renhu pulled the team away, not many days later, he was attacked by bullies, regiment defenses, bandits, and enemy troops, and the team was almost wiped out.Xiao Renhu was transferred to Henan by the central government, and later died in Luoyang.The few remaining team members were taken to the deserted island of Honghu Lake by Liu Shaonan, Lou Minxiu, Peng Guocai, He Chuang and others, and gradually grew stronger after a few months.