Chapter 5 Chapter 4: The First Shot of the Honghu Riot

The first shot of the riot in the Honghu area came from Daijiachang, Mianyang. Daijiachang is located on the north shore of the misty Honghu Lake, on the bank of the Yunliang River, and is one of the important towns in Mianyang County.Because the area is located on the border between Hunan and Hubei provinces, the counter-revolutionary ruling force is weak and the mass base is relatively good. In the spring of 1926, Liu Shaonan, a member of the Communist Party of China, was ordered by the party organization to return to Daijiachang.After Liu Shaonan returned to his hometown, he widely publicized the reasons why farmers and fishermen were oppressed and exploited in Digou; exposed the darkness and cruelty of the ruling class, and mobilized the masses to resist rent and interest; , Li Dezhen, Chen Dehua, Chen Shi, and Wang Kangpu became friends, and became brothers with Peng Guocai, He Chuang, Tu Weiyun, and Li Dezhen drinking rooster wine. The five were determined to share life and death for the cause of the party.

While promoting Peng Guocai and others to join the party, Liu Shaonan also encouraged young peasants such as Xu Dengke and Wang Wenyuan to join the party. In 1926, the Northern Expeditionary Army set out from Guangzhou and marched northward, and the revolutionary situation was developing turbulently.Liu Shaonan, Peng Guocai, Tu Weiyun, He Chuang and others formed revolutionary organizations such as peasant associations, trade unions, women's associations, labor boy groups, and peasant self-defense forces in Daijiachang Wangye Temple. One morning in early October, when the weather was as warm as spring, thousands of farmers gathered at the Wangye Temple in Daijiachang to listen to Liu Shaonan's speech.Liu Shaonan waved his hands excitedly and said: "Only when the peasants are organized can they be the masters of the family and defeat the landlords and tyrants!"

At the end of the meeting, the establishment of the Peasants Association was announced, and the crowd cheered thunderously, raising their arms excitedly and shouting: "Down with local tyrants and evil gentry!" "Down with corrupt officials!" Liu Shaonan swiped his brush and wrote a couplet for the gate of the Agricultural Association. The couplet reads: After the meeting, a demonstration was held. Liu Shaonan held high the red flag and walked in front, marching against the wind.He Chuang, Peng Guocai and others followed closely behind, and the peasants of the brigade followed closely. Some of them held spears, some carried soil guns on their shoulders, and they formed a mighty long dragon. River, Water Conservancy Port, and Chuzhuang River go around to Fuchang.

The establishment of the Daijiachang Farmers Association was like a burning torch, igniting nearby villages and towns. Soon, farmers associations were organized in Fengkou, Baimiao, Nanlinkou, Shakou and other places. The feudal forces in the Honghu area were The shock. After the establishment of the Agricultural Association, Liu Shaonan, Peng Guocai, Tu Weiyun, and Li Dezhen led the members of the Agricultural Association to fight against the seven tigers known as the "Seven Tigers" including Wu Xiaoguang and his son, the seven tigers, Chen Guanqing, a local tyrant in South Linkou, and Xia Xidou, a gentry in Guantan Lake. , Li Yinglin, a local tyrant at Hanhekou, Zhao Sancai, Tong Dan, Dong Dan of the White Temple, Li Yanguo, Dong of the Shakou Street Group, and Tu Laowu, Dong Tu of the Daijiachang Group.These evil gentry were swept away one by one, and the poor people were proud and happy. The big local tyrants and evil gentry ran to Hankou, the middle ones went to Shashi, and the young ones hid in the county town.Among them, the great evil gentry Zhang Zehou and Chen Houtang went to Mianyang City to join forces with the bandit leader Li Boyan and resolutely fought against the people. Qi Guteng, a tyrant from Shahu, went to Hankou and became the brigade commander of the garrison headquarters.The small and medium landlords also hid, fanning the ghostly fire behind their backs.There are also landlords and tyrants who sneaked into the peasant associations and took over the power of the peasant associations, and some organized fake peasant associations.The landlords of West Lake, Lu Xianjing and Chen Renyun, used the name of organizing a peasant association to organize ruffians and hooligans to fight against the peasant association.

At this time, the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China launched the Central Hubei Autumn Harvest Riot. In order to strengthen the leadership of the riot, Xiao Renhu was sent to Honghu. When Xiao Renhu left for Honghu Xindi City from Wuhan, Xiong Chuanzao, secretary of the CPC Xindi Municipal Committee, had already received the letter.He called Qi Ziheng, the traffic officer, to his side, and explained the task to him: "A man named Xiao Renhu came to you recently, please treat him well. After Xiao Renhu arrives, you send him to the Han family near Luoshan At the home of Liu Chonglong in Bu, "

Qi Ziheng, whose name is Wang Zhi, was born in Wang Zuochong, Zhuzhou, Hunan. He was a traffic officer of the Central Hubei Special Committee at that time. A few days later, Xiao Renhu arrived in Xindi City and found Qi Ziheng in Xin'an Hotel. Qi Ziheng was very happy to see Xiao Renhu, and immediately sent Xiao Renhu to Hanjiabu in Luoshan according to Xiong Chuanzao's order. Liu Chonglong's home. At Liu Chonglong's house, Xiong Chuanzao and Xiao Renhu met.The two were very familiar with each other when they were in the student movement and labor movement together in Wuhan. After meeting, they were naturally very excited. Xiong Chuanzao said: "Renhu, I am very happy to hear that you have come to Hubei Central. With you as the leader, the work in Hubei Central will definitely be successful." It will be launched soon.”

Xiao Renhu said: "You are a local, have deep connections in all aspects, and are familiar with the situation. I still need to listen to you on how to carry out the work." He asked Xiong Chuanzao, "How is the situation in Xindi City?" Xiong Chuanzao said: "There are two enemy companies stationed in Xindi. One is the He Company of the Second Guard Regiment. The company commander He of this company is our underground party member, and the other is a company of Li Pinxian's Eighth Army. The company commander is very reactionary." At the moment, Xiong Chuanzao told Xiao Renhu about all aspects of the situation in Hubei.

Xiong Chuanzao is from Fujiawan, Mianyang.His father is Xiong Guangming and his mother is Lei.Xiong Chuanzao was born in a private school, and later transferred to Sangliu Village Academy to study. In the autumn of 1917, I was born in Wuchang Jingnan Middle School.Thought progress, actively participated in the May 4th Movement. In the summer of 1920, he was admitted to Hubei Private School of Law and Politics.Between schools, I got acquainted with communists Dong Biwu, Lin Yunan, Xiang Delong (that is, Xiang Ying—author's note), Zheng Kaiqing, etc.Participated in the movement to expel Wang Zhanyuan, the governor of Hubei.Introduced by Zheng Kaiqing, Xiong joined the Communist Party of China.Immediately in Changsha, Xia Dinghua and others planned to set up a civilian school.A few months later, he arrived in Wuhan and organized and led a strike by tobacco workers in Wuhan.Soon, under the order of Dong Biwu, he returned to Xindi to start work as a special commissioner of the Hubei Provincial Party Headquarters of the Kuomintang. Two months later, Xiong formed the Xindi City Party Branch of the Communist Party of China and served as the secretary.At the same time, the party headquarters of the Kuomintang Xindi District was established and served as the secretary general.During this period, Xiong mobilized the masses and established mass organizations such as the Agricultural Association, Xindi City Trade Union, Merchants Association, Student Union, and Women's Association to support the Northern Expedition.After Chiang Kai-shek's "April 12" "Qing Party" in Shanghai, Xiong held a meeting of ten thousand people in Xindi City to discuss Chiang's crimes at the meeting.In May of that year, Xiong served as secretary of the Xindi Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China.After the Wang Group "divided the Communist Party", Xindi was occupied by the Yang Sen Department of the Sichuan Army, and Xiong organized the backbone of the mass organization to evacuate and hide.After the Fourth Division of Liu Zuolong's Fifteenth Army of the National Revolutionary Army forcibly sealed off the Xindi City Party Headquarters, Federation of Trade Unions, and Farmers' Association, the situation deteriorated sharply. All Party members and league members whose identities have been exposed shall be transferred immediately.

Xiong Chuanzao was an all-powerful figure in the Honghu area during the Great Revolution, and he was bound to be wanted by the enemy.A relative of his persuaded him to study abroad and subsidize the cost of studying abroad, but Xiong declined the relative's kindness.Later, Xiong Chuanzao organized an "assassination team" with members of the peasant association as the backbone, and attacked the Xindi City Public Security Bureau and the No-smoking Bureau on the night of July 30, killing and wounding more than 30 enemies, and defeated the pagodas that came to reinforce them. Armed police from the State Taxation Office.24 rifles were seized and 5 traitors Wang Jinzhao and Wang Zhanmei were killed.Then, the city party headquarters controlled by the right wing of the Kuomintang was destroyed.The enemy was uproarious and rushed to encircle and suppress Xiong, while Xiong went to Wuhan in disguise. After that, the Hubei Provincial Party Committee arranged for him to go to Huangpi in eastern Hubei.At this time, the August 1st Nanchang riots started, and then the "August 7th" meeting of the Communist Party of China was held. When the Hubei Provincial Party Committee formulated the autumn harvest riot plan, it considered that Xiong Chuanzao was familiar with the Honghu area, so he sent him back to Xindi City to organize the riots.

After Xiao Renhu and Xiong Chuanzao joined forces, a meeting of cadres of peasant associations was held in Jiuheyuan, Baimiao, Mianyang, and a special committee for Central Hubei was established, with Xiao Renhu as the secretary of the special committee. Deng Chizhong, Wang Pingzhang, Liu Chonglong, the chief correspondent of the special committee is Qi Ziheng.The special committee was set up at Liu Chonglong's home in Banghu, Luoshan.The scope of the leadership of the special committee is Jianli, Mianyang, Honghu and other places, code-named "Zhong Dehui". The special committee decided to divide responsibilities and secretly develop the organization.Deng Chizhong went to Xiantao, Liu Shaonan went to Honghu, Wang Meiling went to North District, Zhu Tongke went to Yangshufeng, and Zhao Wanyun went to Laogou.Xiong Chuanzao to Xindi.The special committee also decided that the autumn harvest riots in central and southern Hubei should rely on the armed peasants along the Honghu Lake, with Xindi City as the center of the riots.For this reason, we should concentrate our efforts to instigate an uprising in the Xindi garrison, and then let the peasants cooperate to take Xindi in one fell swoop.

Xiong Chuanzao introduced the situation in Xindi City. He said: "There are currently two companies in the Xindi Garrison. One is a company of the Second Guard Regiment of the Xindi Garrison. The company commander is surnamed He, and he is our comrade. The other company is from the Eighth Army of Li Pinxian. One company, the company commander of this company is very reactionary." After Xiao Renhu listened, he decided to use He Lian as the main force to disarm the company of the Eighth Army. At the meeting, the participants had a detailed discussion on the Xindi Riot, and decided that after the successful instigation against He Lian, Xiong Chuanzao would lead the "Assassin Squad" and part of the peasant army to hand over the firearms to the police station, and at the same time organize the hunters' riot in Fujiawan to attack The enemy of foreign aid. After the meeting, Xiao Renhu concentrated on the work of Company Commander He.Company Commander He agreed to the riot. At this time, the platoon leader and squad leader of He Lianzhong clashed with the company of the Eighth Army because of the wind. Xiao Renhu decided to take this opportunity to make trouble. On September 5, Xiong Chuanzao and Company Commander He discussed the riot.The incident was scheduled to start at 00:00 on September 7, with the firing of guns as a sign, He Lian would hand over the weapons of the company of the Eighth Army, and the assassination team would hand over the weapons of the Public Security Bureau. On the evening of September 6, Xiao Rengu, Xiong Chuanzao, Deng Chizhong, Liu Shaonan, Liu Chonglong and others held a meeting in Fujiawan, Xindi to discuss the coordination of various districts after the riot. At this moment, Company Commander He sent a letter saying that Xindi City There are also guard regiments stationed at Fengkou stationed in Xindi one by one, and the riot should be postponed. This sudden situation disrupted the deployment. Xiao Renhu and others rediscussed the riot plan, determined to abandon the riot in Xindi City, and launched a riot in Mianyang again, using Jianli as a response. The reason is that Mianyang has a good mass base.The location of the riot was Daijiachang in Mianyang.It was also decided that as soon as the Daijiachang riot broke out, all the riot spots in Mianyang would take advantage of the situation to respond.Meanwhile, Xiong Chuanzao and Liu Chonglong were in charge of the Jianli riots.After the riot was successful, the team was pulled to the area of ​​Banghu Lake.At the meeting, Xiong Chuanzao proposed to hand over the three shell guns hidden in Gujingxin distillery by the picket team of Xindi workers to the special committee of central and southern Hubei.Since then, these 3 shell guns and the 10 guns hidden by Zhao Wenyun in Chen's courtyard have become the main weapons of the Daijiachang riot. After the meeting, Xiong Chuanzao approached Qi Ziheng and said, "Gu Jingxin's distillery has three guns, go and bring them to me." Gu Jingxin distillery is the home of Xiong Chuanzao's cousin, Lei Zeming, who opened a wine distillery on the main street of Xindi City. Lei Zeming is a member of the Communist Party of China. Before the "Ma Day Incident", when Chen Xiushan, a member of the Communist Party of China, was the captain of the picket team of the Xindi City Federation of Trade Unions, he gave Lei Zeming 3 shell guns. After the "Ma Day Incident", Lei Zeming hid these 3 guns in the distillery In the stone well inside. When Qi Ziheng arrived at the distillery, he took out the three guns from the well together with two dock workers.Then, Qi Ziheng handed the gun to Xiong Chuanzao.Xiong Chuanzao rushed to Liu Chonglong's home overnight with a gun. A few days after Xiong Chuanzao left, Li Bingcai, captain of the Kuomintang police team in Xindi City, and Tong Banggen arrested Yang Yifa, a member of the Communist Party of China, member of the city sewing union, and tailor, and took him to the Zhoutian Cemetery and shot him dead. At that time, Qi Ziheng's classmate Wan Jinshan urgently sent a letter to Qi Ziheng, telling him to run quickly, saying that Li Bingcai and others would also kill him.Therefore, Qi Ziheng and Wan Jinshan walked 60 miles overnight to Liu Chonglong's home.See Xiao Renhu and Xiong Chuanzao are there. Xiong Chuanzao said to Qi Ziheng: "The gun you gave is going to be used to beat Dai Wu." The next day, Xiao Renhu, Xiong Chuanzao, Liu Chonglong, Qi Ziheng and others rushed to the Phoenix Terrace of the White Temple together, and held a meeting of key party members in Laiyi Temple.There were more than 100 participants, and the meeting lasted for three days.The following decisions were taken: Quickly organized peasants to hold a big riot in Mianyang County, destroyed the rule of the landlord class, and established the regime of peasant associations. To achieve this, proceed in two steps. The first step is to establish a centralized command organization in each district, organize peasant guerrillas, cause great terror in the countryside, suppress the arrogance of local tyrants and evil gentry, and restore the courage to inspire peasants to fight; The second step is to implement resistance to rent, grain and donations, to restore and expand peasants' armed forces and agricultural associations. For the convenience of leadership, Mianyang was divided into four districts, forming four district committees: East District, West District, South District, and North District.Jiang Zhongwang served as the secretary of the Eastern District, and the committee members included Zhu Tongke, Tong Zhongxie, Duan Guoai, Xie Wenxuan, Lu Jiazheng, Yang Fu, etc.; the Southern District had Liu Shaonan as the secretary, and the committee members included Peng Guocai, Xia Daomei, Yang Xianzhou, Tu Weiyun, Wan Xianwu, Wang Kangpu, and Zhang Wanjin etc.; the west district has Hu Yousong as the secretary, and committee members include Xu Xu, Wang Xiaoxiang, Yang Benqing, Feng Chun, etc.; the north district has Chen Shi as the secretary, and the committee members include Xiang Zaisan, Xiao Nansheng, Wang Wenhan, Deng Yao, Deng Juemin, Dong Jintang, etc.Xiao Zhihe is in charge of Xiantao Town, and Liu Ganjiu is in charge of Fengkou Town.The Mianyang County Party Committee was reorganized, with Liu Jingshan as the secretary, and Liu Shaonan, Xu Xu, Li Lianggui, Hu Yousong, Tan Hanzao, Chen Moxiang, and Wang Xiaoxiang as members. After the meeting, Deng Chizhong, Liu Jingshan, Liu Shaonan, Peng Guocai and others went to Daijiachang together to plan the Daijiachang riot.At this time, Xiao Renhu and others also arrived at Daijiachang. On September 10, that is, the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, more than 50 Communist Party members including Xiao Rengu, Liu Shaonan, Deng Chizhong, Peng Guocai, He Chuang, Lou Minxiu, and Huang Guoqing held a meeting at the Chenjia Ancestral Hall in Chenjiayuan, Nanbali, Daijiachang, and decided to riot at night. At the beginning, he first took the heinous Tu Laowu in Daijiachang as the starting point of the Honghu riot. The commander in chief of the riot was Liu Shaonan. That night, Liu Shaonan, Peng Guocai, He Chuang and others led a total of 25 members of the Communist Party, members of the Agricultural Association, and peasant self-defense soldiers, armed with weapons, and marched 8 miles northward from the Chen Family Ancestral Hall at night, heading straight for Daijiachang. It was night, the sky was gloomy, only the chirping of insects, occasionally mixed with the chirping of night birds.The high-walled compound of Tu Laowu in Daijiachang is like a tomb, buried in the night, only the four-corner turrets emit lights, and there are night-watchmen in the turrets. After the riot team approached Dai's house, according to Liu Shaonan's prior arrangement, they quietly approached Tu Laowu's house in 4 ways.Afterwards, the group members standing guard were eliminated with lightning speed, and immediately, the rioters surrounded Tu Zhai.He Chuang took the lead with a harpoon in hand.Because the gate could not be opened, it was set on fire.Then rushed into the Tu house, and other team members rushed in.The team members who harbored a deep-rooted hatred for the landlords and bullies beat Tu Laowu's daughter and nephew to death on the spot.Tu Laowu and his family fled over the wall one after another.While escaping, Tu Laowu was shot by Liu Shaonan and wounded his right foot.He hired a wooden boat overnight and fled to Xindi City, where Dong Xiang, the head of the big wharf, and Cake Shop were treated for his injuries. Ten days later, he died in Xindi City due to his injuries. The first battle of the Daijiachang riot was successful, and the poor people all cheered, paraded and held a meeting to celebrate the victory. At the meeting, Liu Jingshan, Liu Shaonan, and Deng Chizhong all spoke. At the meeting, the first red regime in the Honghu area, Daijiachang Township Farmers Association, was elected.Tu Weiyun was elected as the first chairman of the Township Agricultural Association.At the same time, the People's Self-Defense Corps was established, headed by Peng Guocai. The Daijiachang riot fired the first shot of the Honghu armed revolutionary struggle and ignited the spark of the Honghu revolutionary struggle. Regarding the Daijiachang riots, the Hubei Provincial Party Committee wrote in its report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: In Daijiachang in western Hubei, a total of 25 KMT leftists and peasants were gathered to attack the famous Tu Lao Wu in the county, also known as Tu Hu. Because the door could not be opened, he set fire to it, and the Tu family went to escaped from the room and fired randomly.Tu Laowu's daughter and nephew were shot dead on the spot, while Tu Laowu was seriously injured and died ten days later.It was raining heavily at night, so the houses were not burned down much. Although the Daijiachang riot was small in scale, it succeeded in the first battle, which greatly inspired the fighting spirit of the masses. As soon as the Daijiachang Farmers Association was established, it organized and led the masses to fight against local tyrants, evil gentry and other feudal forces.In terms of land distribution, based on the principle of "land to the tiller", the peasant association stipulated that within the scope of the township, all the land owned by the landlord and the land rented out by the rich peasants should be confiscated, and then the land should be divided into three classes according to the fertility and barrenness. The land determines the amount allocated.Daijiachang Peasants Association, as the first red regime in Honghu area, boldly carried out the struggle practice of the land revolution, explored the initial experience of the red separatist regime, and made contributions to promoting the peasants' land revolution and exploring a new path for the Chinese revolution. During the Daijiachang riot, the rebel peasants from the Sanguan Hall of the Baimiao stormed into the gate of Lu Jiwu and executed this heinous evil gentry.The riots were very resolute, and the bully landlords were killed if they were caught, and the houses were burned if they were not caught.The struggle of the poor people was at an all-time high. Following the Daijiachang riot, the Central Hubei Special Committee organized another riot in Luoshan. Luoshan and Liekou are located at the junction of Mianyang and Jianli.When Liu Shaonan and others staged a riot in Daijiachang, Xiong Chuanzao and Liu Chonglong carried out mobilization work in Luoshan, Jiekou, and Zhoujiawan.Since the Xindi riot failed and the enemy was alerted, Li Bingcai and Tong Bangliang, the Kuomintang police captain in Xindi City, searched and arrested Communist Party members and trade union cadres in the city.Most of the party members in Xindi City quickly moved to the Luoshan area. In late September, Xiao Renhu went to Luoshan to discuss the Luoshan riot with Xiong Chuanzao.The two planned to contact the party members who broke into the Jianli Guard. At this time, Hubei Province appointed Wang Daquan to come to Hubei Central Special Zone to strengthen the leadership of the special zone.When Wang Daquan learned that Xiao Renhu had arrived at Luoshan, he also came to Luoshan.Everyone was very happy to meet, Xiao Renhu and Xiong Chuanzao reported the situation to Wang Daquan. Xiong Chuanzao said: "There are 90 party members in Mianyang and Xindi, and there are organizations in the whole county. However, the organizations in Miandong, Mianzhong, and Mianbei counties are weak and cannot carry out actions. The work in Xindi, Miannan, and Mianxi has been carried out better. There are more than 20 comrades in Xindi, more than 20 comrades in Mianxi and Duanjiachang, more than ten comrades in Daijiachang, several comrades in Xiantao, Baimiao, Fengkou, and Liyunyue. There are 7 comrades. There are 4 comrades in Luoshan.” Talking about the situation of the masses, Xiong Chuanzao said: “This year is a good harvest. Because the year is good, farmers are not easy to mobilize. Among the reliable masses, the farmers in Duanjiachang can mobilize Seventy to eighty people, Fuwan farmers can mobilize more than 200 people, and Xindi dock workers can mobilize 20 to 30 people." Xiao Renhu talked about the enemy's armed situation. He said: "The garrison in Honghu has five companies in Xindi, one company in Fengkou, one battalion in the county seat, one battalion in Xiantao Town, the second company in Jianli, two platoons in Zhuhe, and another guard in Jianli. There are 190 people, and there is no garrison in Qianjiang." Xiao Renhu paused and said, "Our Mianyang armed forces have 6 box cannons, 3 pistols, and 1 Browning, but they have no bullets, and Jianli armed forces have 1 box cannon. , 1 pistol." As the three of them were talking, Liu Chonglong came in. Liu Chonglong had gone to Jianli to fight against the Jianli Guard.Xiong Chuanzao introduced Liu Chonglong to Gongda.Wang Daquan heard that Liu Chonglong had gone to instigate rebellion, and said, "Very well, you can talk about the situation." Liu Chonglong, also known as Liu Qipei, was born in Hanjiabu, Bailuo County, Jianli County. After the "division of the Communist Party", Liu Chonglong was ordered by the party organization to return to his hometown to carry out revolutionary activities.The Central and Southern Hubei Special Committee was secretly set up in his home.Liu Chonglong's visit to Jianli City this time was the captain of three sub-teams who instigated the Jianli Security Brigade anyway.After listening to Wang Daquan's question, he said: "There are three teams in the Jianli Guard, and Zhuang Lanxiang is the most reliable of the three teams. The other two team leaders are called Lin Baiying and Lan Zengzheng. Lin Baiying is next , Lan Zengzheng once published a statement in the newspaper stating that he would disassociate himself from us." Xiong Chuanzao said: "Lan Zengzheng once took the lead with me." Wang Daquan said: "It's good to be able to catch a unit, but don't be greedy for too much. If the conditions are not ripe, acting prematurely will only scare the snake." At the moment, the four of them arranged a work plan again.A 9-point decision was made.Mainly: Establish a central authority in Hanjiabu; send Deng Chizhong and Xia Daomei to Mianzhong and Mianbei to improve and develop the agricultural associations to create disturbances; send Xiong Chuanzao to Fujiawan to organize farmers and hunters to create disturbances; order Xindi to spread rumors and provoke The feelings between the garrison and the merchants incited the soldiers to mutiny, and spread rumors that the army would search Fujiawan and capture the hunters there.As for the labor movement, they secretly organize trade unions and carry out economic struggles.Send Liu Chonglong to inform the comrades of the Jianli Guard to prepare for the riot.It was decided to make a commotion near Hanjiabu on September 29 first. After the decision is made, prepare separately. Xiao Renhu, Wang Daquan, Xiong Chuanzao, Qi Ziheng, Liu Chonglong and others secretly assembled their teams and prepared their weapons. On the night of September 29th, they wanted to take action, but unexpectedly it was rainy and heavy at night, so they could not act, so they had to change it to the night of September 30th. On the night of the 30th, 13 people, including Xiong Chuanzao, Liu Chonglong, and Qi Ziheng, armed with 6 shell guns and 1 long gun, went to Zou Wharf near Luoshan. Zou Wharf is a town by the Yangtze River, where the most famous evil gentry Zou Zizhen and local tyrant Zou Xianhan lived here. That night, the sky was so overcast that I couldn't see my fingers.Zou Zizhen was sleeping with his concubine.Xiong Chuanzao waited in front of Zou Zizhen's door and knocked on it.Because Zou Zizhen had a ghost in his heart, when he heard the knock on the door hurriedly, he expected someone to open the door, but he escaped through the back door.While fleeing, he was shot and wounded by a riot member squatting on guard.Because it was too dark, the rioters could not know whether the victims were alive or dead.Local tyrant Zou Xianhan fled after hearing the gunshots.After Zou Zizhen fled to Yuezhou, he also died of his injuries.Zou Xianyi, brother of Zou Zizhen, was also beaten to death. The Luoshan riot was another influential armed riot led by the Central Hubei Special Committee after the Daijiachang riot.In summarizing the experience and lessons of the riot, the Central Hubei Special Committee pointed out: This job can be said to be a failure in terms of killing soil inferior skills, because we didn't know whether the killing was done until the next day, but in terms of practice, it was a success. After the turmoil, they were all ready to ride a tiger, and they were desperate to get off. On the second day after the Luoshan riot, Wang Daquan wanted to go to Jianli with Liu Chonglong to meet with Zhuang Lanxiang of the security team.And decided to return to Hanjiabu within 5 days.When the two of them were about 10 miles away from Jianli, Liu Guanghui chased them and hurriedly reported to Wang Daquan: "I just received a secret telegram from the province. Chen Buyun was arrested. After that, I want to kill the person in charge of the peasant movement and labor movement of the party headquarters.” Then he said to Liu Chonglong, “There are too many people in the county who know you, so you don’t want to go, to avoid accidents.” After listening to Liu Guanghui's words, Wang Daquan asked, "How was Chen Buyun arrested?" "The details are still unclear," Liu Guanghui said. Chen Buyun is one of the initiators of the revolution in Jianli County, also known as Chen Dengying, a native of Chengguan Town, Jianli County, joined the Communist Party of China in 1925, and was dispatched by the Hubei Provincial Party Organization in the following year to return to the county as a special commissioner of the County Party Headquarters, responsible for the establishment of the Jianli Party Organization , established the county party headquarters, organized the peasant movement, and carried out a resolute struggle against the local tyrants and evil gentry, who hated them to the bone.After the "August 7th" meeting of the Communist Party of China, the Hubei Provincial Party Committee appointed him as the temporary secretary of the Jianli County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China. Wang Daquan thought for a while and said, "I'm not a local, and no one knows me, so I don't want to go to Chonglong. I'll go to Jianli to have a look." Liu Guanghui and others still believed that Wang Zhiju was too risky and did not advocate his going there.Wang Daquan insisted on going. Liu Guanghui said, "Well, I'll go with you." At that moment, Daquan broke up with Liu Chonglong and went to Jianli County with Liu Guanghui.That night, Wang Daquan summoned Jianli party members to understand the situation and give instructions.Wang Daquan learned that Zhonglan Zengzheng, the three captains of the security team, was not in the county, so he decided to send Liu Guanghui to Jianli to be in charge of making contact, and told him how to make contact. Wang Daquan said: "If you can catch a unit, it is considered a unit. It would be better if you can pull the team to Luoshan to act with us. If their subordinates waver, they will pull out the unit and let us disarm and reorganize." In the end, Wang Daquan, Liu Guanghui and others agreed on a strategy: if Zhuang Lanxiang had difficulties, Liu Guanghui would pretend to contact the other two sub-team leaders, write to them, and tell them that if they didn't anyway, they would fight in the provinces, counties, and garrisons. Declare them as CPs, and fabricate all kinds of common crimes against them to force them to submit. Wang Daquan spent 6 days in Jianli, and after making arrangements for the work, he returned to Luoshan.As soon as he arrived at Luoshan, he received an urgent letter from the Provincial Party Committee to transfer Wang Daquan back to Han.When Wang Daquan was leaving, he made an agreement with Xiao Renhu and others.Central Hubei riots should center on Honghu Lake, killing local tyrants and evil gentry, and destroying enemy taxation agencies and transportation agencies.Starting from Fujiawan, the riots developed to Mianzhong and Mianbei, and together with the farmers in Duanjiawan, they developed to Qianjiang and the northern suburbs of Jianli. Why did Wang Daquan and Xiao Renhu decide to use Fujiawan as the starting point for the riot?Because Fujiawan is not only the hometown of Xiong Chuanzao, but also has a good mass base. After that, Wang Daquan set off for Wuhan.Fujiawan is a village close to Honghu Lake with a hundred or so families.Most people in the village make a living by hunting, and only a few people do farming and fishing.The people of Fujiawan are brave and fierce, and they are famous for being good at pouncing wild ducks.Whenever the geese fly south, the hunters in the village will go down to the lake to hunt ducks and geese in hunting boats and holding iron guns.After the geese flew from south to north in March of the following year, the villagers stopped hunting, operating farmland or fishing. The people in Fujiawan are full of spirit of resistance. During the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, Ye Shibiao, a poor farmer in Laowan Township, Honghu, set up an altar to set up a red lantern festival, and erected the banner of sweeping away the oceans. Fishermen and hunters in Fujiawan participated in succession.Later, Tang Caichang, a member of the Reform Party, held an uprising along the Yangtze River, and Huang En and Ye Wenji, leaders of the Xindi Red Spear Society, also led peasant riots. Xiong Guangming, Xiong Chuanzao's father, also led the people of Fujiawan to fight against Huba Yang Yaotang, Shu Daoqi and others. Xiong Guangming, whose name is Xiaochuan, is nicknamed "Mr. Rag", also known as "Mr. Rag", because Xiong Guangming was born as a scholar. The people in Honghu Lake area believe that those who can be selected as scholars are the stars in the sky and the lower realm. Honghu people call it "Mr. Star". " or " Yi Ye ".His family was poor.Guangming was intelligent, sensitive and eager to learn since he was a child. His father sent him to study in Lei Renfu Academy, an old scholar in Leijiadun nearby.Study hard in the cold window, several times in spring and autumn, and my studies are maturing day by day. At the age of 13, he went to Mianyang Prefecture to take the exam, and lost his reputation because ink was accidentally sprinkled on the exam paper.Xiong Guangming has an upright nature, hates evil like an enemy, hates the cruelty of the world, and is clean and self-conscious, unwilling to get involved in official careers.Therefore, at the age of 19, he set up a library to teach courses, and his life was frugal, informal, rough and unruly.He treats people with sincerity and is willing to help others. If there are disputes in the local area, he can speak up and solve problems for others. Yang Yaotang is a local snake in Liaowan, and Shu Daoqi is a well-known evil gentry digging ditches.Relying on their power, the two colluded with the government and traveled around the yamen.The Mohekou in the west of the lake is a good place for fishing and hunting ducks. The fishermen of Fujia Bay come and go here all the year round, and they have a lot of harvest.Yang and Shu bought the government with a lot of money, trying to occupy this place.He spent a lot of money asking Diao to write down the lawsuit, which stated: A few miles around the mouth of Mohekou, the fishing port and hunting grounds in this area were originally shared by our two villages, Liaowan and Digouzi. They were sold by the surname Zhang of Xiaoshakou in the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, and there is a contract as proof, in black and white , for all to see.In the past 9 years, I should have sent someone to manage and take care of it. However, because of the vastness of the lake under the jurisdiction of my two villages, coupled with the fact that there are few people and too many things, I have no time to look around, so it has been protracted. , grab it for yourself.Now, our side has repeatedly negotiated on the basis of reason and urged him to return to Zhao. Unexpectedly, the other party was lawless, refused to deliver, and gathered a crowd to commit violence and beat up several people in our village. His barbaric behavior is really intolerable by the law. !In view of this situation, the people are now begging the county government to set a bright mirror high, so as to follow suit! The people of Fujiawan were outraged by this, and they recommended Xiong Guangming and Xiong Chuanzao father and son as representatives to go to the county government to file a lawsuit against Yang and Liao Eryou. Under the guidance of his father, Xiong Chuanzao wrote a paper of rebuttal, which goes: Fuwan and Liaowan face each other across the river; Fuwan and Digouzi are adjacent to each other on the land, and they work hard, so don't be poisoned!Mohekou is a wild and barren land, which has always been dismissed by the rich. The villagers of Fuwan have managed the land for a long time.Liao Wan dug ditches, worked in collusion, and wrote a letter of resignation, which was plausible.However, the poison of his intentions is clearly exposed; his strong words and false evidence are not worth refuting.As we all know, the vast waters of Honghu Lake are owned by many owners, not just one village. Moreover, the government has never issued land title deeds for the water surface of the lake area, and it is only based on folk customs and public discussions. Therefore, the so-called legal contract is pure self-deception!Let me ask: the plaintiff, who claims to be the owner of the Hekou, must know the general terrain of the area, the shoals and swamps, the fish season, the habitat of wild birds, the gains and losses, the pros and cons, etc.As for the fighting between the two sides, it is really caused by the bad habits of the villagers. What's more, the strong think that the weak can be bullied and come to the door, and the weak defend their country and defend themselves, which should be understandable.Fortunately, it did not lead to human life, which is the great fortune of misfortune.As the saying goes: "A gentleman seeks wealth, and he obtains it in a proper way." Unjust wealth and unreasonable desires are not tolerated by the laws of heaven and the country!It is Yefeiye, a wise man should have self-knowledge.The villagers of Fuwan are sincere and fearful, and pray that the county office will see clearly, make a fair decision, and turn hostility into friendship, which is fortunate for the people! The defense written by Xiong Guangming and his son has sound in every word. Although the officials of the county office were bribed by Yang and Liao, they still dare not write.Yang and Liao also invited Xiong Guangming's brother Lei Xiaofu to come forward as a lobbyist, saying that they could benefit the Xiong family and his son, but they also refused.In the end, Yang and Liao's plan failed. In the spring of 1927, Xiong Guangming's brother Lei Bifu sold a batch of counterfeit copper coins from Hunan to the Xindi market in order to make huge profits, disrupting the financial order of Xindi.Prior to this, when Lei Bifu was in charge of the embankment project of Wanchenyuan, he embezzled public funds, which aroused public resentment.However, Lei thought that he and Xiong's father and son were close relatives, but he didn't think so.The father and son of the Xiong family did not sacrifice themselves for selfishness, and killed their relatives righteously, which was praised by the people. Ai Xuewu, a big landlord in Fujiawan, was in the same village, Tonggeng, and classmate as Xiong Chuanzao.Ai joined the Kuomintang and became an executive member of the Xindi City Party Committee.Ai's family is the first household in Fujiawan. They have an Ailongji mill and run a Hongyun grocery store. In the spring of 1927, Xiong Chuanzao organized the villagers to close the door of Ai's house while leading the farmers' association to punish unscrupulous merchants and fight against "rice moths".Ai Xuewu scolded Xiong Chuanzao as a robber.He instigated a man named Chen Dianwu to write an article entitled "The Struggle between Light and Darkness", which was published in Hankou's "Republic of China Daily".The text says: Xiong Chuanzao, a well-known swordsman in Xindi City, relying on his son Xiong Chuanzao as the power of the executive committee of the Xindi City Party Committee, colluded with a group of hooligans, organized a peasant association, extorted money from the association, and enriched his private pockets. He expressed his indignation and appealed unanimously, urging his son to respect public opinion, and resolutely pursue his guilt to show the law and order. As soon as this article was published, some people who didn't know the truth started to discuss it.The villagers in Fujiawan were furious, and they jointly petitioned, demanding that the municipal Party Committee uphold justice, bring Chen Dianwu, a gangster, to justice, and avenge Xiong Guangming.Afterwards, the Peasant Association announced the truth of the matter, and then sent a letter to the newspaper office, requesting to publicly refute the rumors, and the situation calmed down.Since then, Ai Xuewu and Xiong Chuanzao parted ways. During the Great Revolution, the hunters and fishermen of Fujiawan were all mobilized. Xiong Chuanzao's childhood friends Xiong Xueyou, Dong Shishou, Fu Dalun, etc. have all become recognized leaders in the Yuhun clan. After Xiong Chuanzao returned to his hometown, Xiong Xueyou, Dong Shishou, Fu Dalun and other key members all came to see him.Xiong Chuanzao conveyed to them the instructions of the higher-level party organization to mobilize the masses and prepare for riots.Xiong Xueyou and others agreed.Xiong Guangming also joined the Communist Party at this time.He was over half a hundred years old at this time, and he still worked tirelessly, doing traffic, serving as a guide, and writing articles. After careful and arduous work, Xiong Chuanzao has developed more than 20 backbones among the more than 200 fishermen and hunters in Fujiawan and Liaowan.Xiong Chuanzao organized the "Assassination Team" based on this, and developed four party members, Xiong Xueyou, Dong Shishou, Fu Dalun, and Xiong Guangming. Turn around.After the special committee in the southern suburbs of central Hubei decided to stage a riot in Fujiawan, the special committee's command authority will be transferred to Xiong Guangming's home. On the evening of October 2, Xiong Chuanzao and Qi Ziheng summoned Xiong Xueyou, Dong Shishou, Fu Dalun and others to convey the instructions of the Central Hubei Special Committee on the riot.The special committee requested that the riot be held on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is October 4th in the Gregorian calendar.After a discussion, Dong Xueyou said: "There are more than 200 fishermen and hunters in Fujiawan and Liaowan. Be alert." It turns out that the fishermen and hunters by the lake usually don't have shotguns, and they can only rent them from Huba when hunting.Xiong Chuanzao and others calculated that there were thirty or forty hunters who could quickly join the riot.Xiong Chuanzao said: "For the gun issue, we asked the special committee for instructions, and asked the special committee to try to buy some shotguns." It was finally agreed that before the special committee's shotguns were bought, Xiong Xueyou and others would pull the fishermen and hunters they could muster into the reed marshes in the lake for training and prepare for the riot. The next day, Xiong Xueyou, Dong Shishou and others took the fishermen and hunters, pretended to go hunting in the lake, and took a boat to hide in a firewood forest near Taidunzi to the north of Digouzi. At the same time, it was decided to use Xiong Xueyou as the commander-in-chief of the riot, and Dong Shishou and Fu Dalun as deputy commanders-in-chief. The deployment of the riot is: after the riot, first kill the Tuyou in Digouzi and Liaowan, then riot to the east through Xiaogang, and then riot to the west through Daijiachang through Xiaohekou.Along the way, we cooperated with the local peasant associations to kill and burn their houses and ancestral contracts.在傅家湾的邻村金湾、廖湾等村建立联络点，做好发动工作，一旦傅家湾暴动打响，即组织发动邻村的农协会员、革命群众参与策应。 正当熊传藻加紧做好暴动准备之际。突然接到鄂中特委的紧急通知，说敌人突然增兵新堤市，似乎对傅家湾的暴动有所知觉。为保存力量，特委决定取消此次暴动。暴动地点改在周河湾一带，令熊传藻率傅家湾的渔猎民暴动队伍迅速向周河湾一带湖面集结。 周河湾在监利、沔阳交界处。在洪湖西岸，村中有百十户人家，多以渔猎为生。距周河数里之遥的剅口，有个团防局，团防局局董是湖霸西霸天周传简。周传简对贫苦渔猎民残酷剥削。周河湾及剅口周围各村的穷人对其恨之人骨。他用2000块大洋买了个监利清乡委员会常务委员兼剅口团防局团董，他的弟弟周麻子，也当上了常练队中队长。兄弟二人对列口、周家湾、三屋墩、南河寺等地农协会进行了疯狂的报复。有三百多渔民协会会员和群众惨遭杀害，数百间房屋和船只被烧毁。这个西霸天在渔行重新开市那天，大摆宴席，冷笑道：“三十年河东，三十年河西，我周氏门中没有草包，我要使乾坤扭转，年光倒流。” 周传简使剅口周围各村，一片白色恐怖。 鄂中特委为何选中周河湾呢？原来，这里地形甚为险要，三面环水，周围芦苇丛生，港汉纵横，是打游击的极好场所。加之这里地势偏远，反动势力较弱，因而，鄂南特委决定在这里建立革命根据地。周河湾在大革命时期，曾有共产党员李恭熙受党组织派遣，于这里组织农会，他发展了“渔民大王”李铁青加入共产党。大革命失败后，周传简疯狂镇压革命群众。敌人的残酷镇压，使革命群众与反动势力的矛盾更加尖锐。熊传藻、刘崇龙奉鄂中特委指示，曾多次来到周河湾，与李恭熙、李铁青等相商发动工作。戴家场暴动后，鄂中特委就策划在周河湾举行暴动。傅家湾暴动不成后，特委遂决定在周河湾发动，除了调熊传藻指挥的傅家湾暴动队伍外，还命令彭国材率戴家场暴动队伍，刘崇龙率螺山暴动队伍参加。 Turn around.熊传藻把鄂中特委的决定向傅家湾暴动队队员传达后，不少人想不通。他们认为应该杀死傅家湾、唐湾大恶霸舒道齐、杨耀堂。去周河湾帮别人杀恶霸犯不上。 熊传藻说：“天下乌鸦一样黑，天下恶霸一样坏， 天下穷人是一家。” 经熊传藻、漆子恒等人反复劝说，暴动队队员才同意，但仍有少数人在向周河湾开进的途中退出。 10月4日上午，熊传藻、刘崇龙、李恭熙、李铁青等在龚家老墩召开了会议，研究了暴动的举措：由彭国材任暴动总指挥、李铁青任副总指挥，熊传藻、刘崇龙以特委特派员身份统一协调各路暴动武装的行动。决定在九九重阳节雁门开，周传简发铳祭祖，强迫渔民下湖打鸭雁之机，举行暴动，以周传简发铳的锣声为号。 原来，在洪湖一带，每当重阳节后，湖霸们便把猎枪发给猎民，要他们下湖狩猎，为了吉庆，湖霸们还要祭祖，求祖先保佑狩猎丰收。由于湖霸们剥削太重，猎户们下湖的积极性不高，因此，每当重阳之际，湖霸们都催逼猎人下湖。 重阳节的傍晚，周传简手下的团丁便“咣咣”地敲着锣，在周河湾街心高声喊道：“九九重阳雁门开，领铳下湖快点来！” 这天晚上，周传简身穿长袍马褂，坐在大院内的太师椅上，端着水烟袋，在他身旁，摆着几张八仙桌子，团丁们坐在那里，桌上摆着纸墨，一旁堆着打鸭雁的铳。 周传简的团丁锣声一响，那些做好准备的暴动队员，立即都拥入周家大院。周传简正在吸水烟袋，他突然见这许多人进院，不觉一惊，放下水烟袋，从怀中取出枪，凶狠地望着拥到他面前的人，说：“都站好队，依次领铳。哪个捣乱，周爷毙了他。” 周传简话音没落，彭国材早已一步上前，左手抓住周传简衣领，右手下了周的手枪。这时，其他暴动队员也一拥而上，下了团丁的枪。周传简的弟弟，常练队长周麻子举枪要向彭国材射击，被熊传藻一枪打倒。彭国材用力把周传简掼倒地下，一枪结果了他的性命。 周家恶霸弟兄被处决，立时震动了周河湾，穷苦百姓，人心大快，欢呼之声，惊得鸟雀四飞。熊传藻、刘崇龙、彭国材、熊学优、傅大伦、李铁青、李恭熙等趁热打铁，兵分数路，以雷轰电劈之势，杀向剅口、南河寺、三屋墩、青泛湖、郭铺、姚铺等处。 其中，熊传藻、熊学优、傅大伦率傅家湾、周河湾暴动队伍向青泛湖、三屋墩进击，处决了三屋墩的恶霸、湖天王戴金荣，姚铺的劣绅吴明振。刘崇龙率螺山暴动队，在剅口、南河寺，与当地农协会武装一起，打垮了剅口常练队，处决了劣绅戴金保等。彭国材率戴家场暴动队在郭铺处决了不法地主董本斋，在桐梓湖，火烧顽匪瞿云陶。 接着，各路暴动队又向四处扩展，一夜之间，横扫了洪湖八十余里，火烧了大湖霸张泽厚的房子，没收了大地主李文甲的浮财，暴动的胜利，顿使百里洪湖震动。革命群众又看到了胜利的曙光。 接着，暴动队伍又在三官殿、府场、坡段场、袁家口、杨树峰、白庙、彭家场等地，与当地革命群众结合一起，举行了暴动，镇压了一批罪大恶极的地主湖霸。实行了“三红”，即：烧尽了地主土豪劣绅的房子，火是红的；杀尽贪官污吏，血是红的；实行工农专政，革命旗帜是红的。 周河湾及各地暴动的胜利，使敌人震惊，监利、沔阳两县反动派，调动了两支常练大队，收买了土匪头子李生烂，分两路“剿匪”，结果大败而回。又从沙市、汉口请兵，亦往返徒劳。