Chapter 5 Chapter 1 Original Sin

No great social experiment can be completed in a state of depression, let alone a single reform can be successful in a state of stability.In the history of the magnificent process of Wenzhou's private economy, Wenzhou people have played the role of pioneers with entrepreneurial genes that are young but not without recklessness, passionate but not without sharpness, emotional but not without rationality. Because of this, history is repeatedly written by them among the rules and breaking the rules. In May 1991, Li Ruihuan, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and secretary of the Secretariat, came to Liushi for inspection, and Nan Cunhui was arranged to meet him at the General Electric Factory.After Li Ruihuan said a lot of words of encouragement, he suddenly asked Nan Cunhui, "How much is your annual income?" Unprepared for the question, he hesitated for a long time before answering hesitantly, "A few tens of thousands." Li Ruihuan laughed after hearing this. : "Don't be afraid of revealing your wealth."

Common sayings such as "a big tree attracts the wind" and "a bird that stands out with a gun" reveal the reasons why Chinese people keep a low profile and forbear in front of wealth. In 1999, a British youth named Hu Run imagined finding the richest people in China and making a list for them.However, things are not as easy as he imagined.In China at that time, personal wealth was still completely opaque.So many rich people at the top of the social pyramid are silent, discreet in their words and deeds, and they are not revealing, and no one is willing to reveal their family background.

For the first generation of private entrepreneurs in New China who grew up around the reform and opening up, no one is born rich.They all started from the bottom of their lives, started at the grass roots, worked hard step by step, went through untold hardships, and even turned the tide at one point. These bitter memories of thousands of times made them unbearable to look back on in the future. Of course, hidden behind these family histories, there are countless possibilities that attract people's daydreams. Some upright entrepreneurs, when looking back on their entrepreneurial history, often reveal some unknown secrets when they are emotional: Liu Chuanzhi, who founded the predecessor of Lenovo Group - Beijing Computer New Technology Development Corporation in 1984, confessed after becoming famous In the early years, Lenovo faced the pressure of corporate survival, and had an experience that he did not want to be known-relying on account transfers and smuggling; New Hope Group was founded in the 1980s. Liu Yonghao admitted that his subordinates used to sell corn to make money. The “counterfeit” feed made a profit of 5 million yuan for the head office, which caused the pigs not to grow fat after eating; Yin Shanming, the founder of Lifan, recalled many years later that as a machinery manufacturing industry, Chongqing Lifan employed many workers. In the 1990s, the number of workers The treatment made him feel uneasy.

More entrepreneurs keep secret about these pasts and have lingering fears. If it is said that China's first generation of entrepreneurs has an original sin that cannot be washed away, then the "grey area" formed in various environments is a hotbed for cultivating original sin.In the 1970s and 1980s, during the long transition from the planned economy to the market economy, the policy supervision was not perfect, the market regulation was blindly lagging behind, all kinds of forced and helpless, various opportunities and loopholes left those entrepreneurs with nothing to do. Choice, or powerlessness to resist.In the 1990s, at the beginning of the reform and opening up, there were many gaps in laws and regulations, and the secret road to the wealth pyramid lay ahead. The inflated people's hearts were unscrupulous, and there were endless cases of overnight wealth.

And in Wenzhou, the "Mecca of China's reform", in this restless land, the first batch of private entrepreneurs in China are often self-made, and their process of earning the first pot of gold is almost without exception flawed. They are more or less involved in the gray area of ​​policy regulation and take risks. Under the planned economic system, all kinds of strict defense and unfair treatment of the private economy are squeezed and cracked down on discrimination, directly giving rise to the breeding and reproduction of viruses such as smuggling, fraud, tax evasion, underground money houses, and even political and business collusion on Wenzhou land.

Compared with the theory of "original sin", Feng Lun, who is known as a philosopher in the real estate industry, believes that "the original disease caused by the dilemma and paradox in the initial institutional arrangement is ultimately the gambling nature inspired by the institutional environment." In his book "Report on China's Richest Man", Mr. Du Boqi once analyzed those millionaires who fell from their horses in this way. Gambling is less obvious than original sin, but it is also innate.It is not difficult to find that the vast majority of first-generation entrepreneurs are self-employed. Before entering the sea, they were shy and empty-handed.They are all poor people living in poverty. Going into the sea is actually a helpless move. It is because they have nothing that they are fearless. All they can lose is what they didn't have.There are not a few people with such thoughts, and this is precisely the gambling nature hidden in human nature. Once they see the way to get rich, they will abandon all moral and legal concepts and take risks without hesitation.

Gambling is manifested as risk-taking, which is to speculate together, find a place and project that can gamble and make full use of it: the flood of bad luck in the late 1980s, the real estate bubble in the early 1990s, the subsequent stock market mania and the enduring government-business alliance.In this exciting game, some people went bankrupt, while others successfully broke through, earning the first pot of gold in life, and then quickly retreated.Just like Wu Xiaobo reminded in "The Great Defeat II": If you are a penniless entrepreneur, you might as well go to those industries full of huge profits and unsound game rules to get your first pot of gold; But if you're an aspiring entrepreneur, then you have to wash your hands right away and get out of there as quickly and permanently as possible.

Although the original sin was common among early entrepreneurs in China, it was tacitly understood by all sectors of society, because it was an unavoidable pain in the transformation and rebirth of China's economic development. At the end of 2002, at the closing ceremony of the annual conference of Chinese business leaders, Zhang Weiying, a liberal economist, put the original sin of private entrepreneurs on the table. He proposed whether a package of pardons could be granted. This was vividly called the "Zero Plan" at the time. . On the last day of 2003, the Hebei Provincial Political and Legal Committee promulgated the "Decision on Creating a Favorable Environment for Political and Legal Organs to Improve the Socialist Market Economic System", partially adopting Zhang Weiying's "Zero Plan".

On February 2, 2004, the Political and Legal Committee of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee issued an explanation of the "Decision". About Article 7 "Create a relaxed development space for private enterprise operators".It stipulates: "For the criminal acts of private enterprise operators in the early stage of starting a business, if the statute of limitations for prosecution has expired, no criminal prosecution procedure shall be initiated." This is actually a reaffirmation of the legal provisions. Operators of private enterprises have prejudices of one kind or another; they ignore or deliberately do not review the statute of limitations for cases that have exceeded the statute of limitations that the law clearly stipulates that they cannot be investigated and dealt with, and still file and investigate the case; they initiate criminal prosecution procedures; Exceeded the statute of limitations.The purpose is to require the judiciary to examine whether the statute of limitations for prosecution has expired before investigating such cases.If there is indeed a criminal act, but the statute of limitations for prosecution has expired, criminal prosecution procedures shall not be initiated according to law.In this way, it not only embodies strict law enforcement, but also protects the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises.

Although it is only a decision made by Hebei Province, it reflects the general trend, and countless trembling early entrepreneurs breathed a sigh of relief.For the Chinese who are keen to "expose the old truth", how precious all this seems! In the 1980s, Lilong in Wenzhou, Kowloon in Hong Kong and Keelung in Taiwan were called the "Three Longs".With the spread of such an "elegant name", Wenzhou Lilong became famous throughout the country for its crazy and chaotic "smuggling". At that time, Wenzhou was the place where smuggling was the most rampant in the country, and Lilong was the most concentrated.

At the Anlan Wharf on Wangjiang Road in the urban area, boat after boat is full of people going there every day.Lilong can be reached in just over an hour.Stepping onto the pier and entering the village, you can see all kinds of exquisite goods from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan on the roadside of the village, in the homes of farmers, placed on the ground, and in front of the houses-Shuangshi automatic watches, portable watches, etc. Tape recorders, black and white TV sets, small folding umbrellas, new fabrics and so on.In the era of extreme shortage of goods, so many high-quality and cheap things suddenly appeared, which immediately attracted people from Wenzhou and surrounding counties and districts to flock here, usually tens of thousands of people every day, and as many as 20,000 people at peak times... This was the Lilong smuggling market in the 1980s. As a result, villagers in Lilong and surrounding Huanghua and other places took countless silver dollars and gold to the ocean near Dongsha Island in Taiwan to exchange goods with smuggling ships from Hong Kong and Taiwan.Villagers generally take part in shares with dozens or hundreds of silver dollars, and countless real gold and silver flow out from the mainland.Silver dollar and gold dealers from the Northeast, Northwest, and inland provinces also heard the news, and the sound of "jingling" silver dollars was heard everywhere in Lilong Village. The silver dollar rose from 5 yuan at the beginning to more than 20 yuan later. Wenzhou is close to Taiwan and has obvious geographical advantages.People on both sides of the strait can come and go freely between the islands across the sea, providing a natural exchange for smuggling.Smuggling began around 1977.One after another smuggled fishing boats smuggled in overseas watches, clothing, small household appliances and small hardware, and landed in Yueqing and Cangnan fishing villages. In the beginning, smuggling was carried out by a small group of fishermen secretly.The smuggled goods are not only fresh and fashionable, but also cost-effective.Shanghai brand watches were the most famous watches in China at that time. Each piece was 120 yuan, and ordinary workers could only afford one if they lived frugally for a year.The smuggled fully automatic mechanical watch - Dongfang Watch only costs 60 yuan, with good performance and beautiful appearance. At the beginning of smuggling, some people thought it was just doing foreign trade business.However, with the popularity of smuggled goods, smuggling has become a lucrative business practice.More and more Wenzhou people are scrambling to join the ranks of smuggling. In Yueqing, Wenzhou, there is a smuggling leader surnamed Zhang, who is known as the "Boss of the Insurance Ship". It is said that he sailed out to sea 12 times in two years, and went to sea once.At its craziest, smuggling has formed gangs and even corporatized.Almost all Wenzhou fishermen have given up their work and participated in it.Cunningly, they repaired a mezzanine on the fishing boat, or sealed it with a large plastic bag and dragged it in the sea, making it impossible for border guards to guard against it. In 1980, there were bold Wenzhou vendors selling smuggled goods along the streets, and even went out of Wenzhou and into Shanghai. At a time when domestic materials were extremely scarce, there were still some capable Wenzhou people who used "imported products" as a template to produce "cottage" products in their own family workshops, sold them abroad, and made a fortune. At that time, it was circulated in Wenzhou that in order to stop the wind of smuggling, it was necessary to "build a Great Wall from Zhuji to Xinchang to block the south wind from blowing north."The Wenzhou Municipal Committee Office publication "Wenzhou Work Newsletter" published a material, "Wenzhou has many problems such as rampant counter-revolutionary activities, rampant smuggling and trafficking activities, speculation and fraud," and was submitted by the Provincial Political and Legal Committee to the Central Political and Legal Committee and the Provincial Party Committee. In April 1980, the crackdown on smuggling was launched with heavy blows, and Lilong and Huanghua in Yueqing became the focus of the struggle.By August of the following year, 35 major smuggling cases were filed in Yueqing, involving 490 people, of whom 63 were arrested and 37 were sentenced... According to Shi Taishun, the former director of the Yueqing County Anti-Smuggling Office, the statistics found in the anti-smuggling: " Hundreds of millions of silver dollars and tons of gold were smuggled out of Yueqing, and 12 local people died due to smuggling.” At that time, the "Eight Kings" incident and the mountaineering shoe factory incident, which caused a sensation all over the country, were also mixed with elements of combating smuggling. Zheng Yuanzhong, the "King of Electromechanical" among the "Eight Kings", used silver smuggled from Taiwan to make pull switches at that time.At that time, in the state-owned factory, a switch was sold for 10 yuan, and Zheng Yuanzhong sold it for 3 yuan, and he could get a profit of 2 yuan.After a few years, Zheng Yuanzhong completed the accumulation of the first pot of gold and became the second richest man in Liushi after the "hardware king" Hu Jinlin.In the anonymous letter reporting the "mountain shoe factory" at that time, some people also listed "smuggling by the factory manager" as one of the major crimes. The most serious crime of the "Eight Kings" is "speculation". Speculation refers to making huge profits through fraudulent means such as buying short and selling short, hoarding, arbitrage and reselling.In the era of planned economy, it was widely used to restrict personal economic transactions.In those days, if a farmer took the eggs laid by his own chickens to sell in the city, he would be regarded as a speculator.The crime of speculation, according to the provisions of the first Criminal Law of New China in 1979, refers to violating financial, foreign exchange, gold and silver, material, and industrial and commercial management regulations, illegally engaging in financial and industrial and commercial activities, undermining national financial and market management, and disrupting economic order. serious behavior. Because the content of the crime of speculation was too complicated, it became one of the three "pocket crimes" in the criminal law at that time. In the economic field, there was a saying that "speculation is a basket, and any crime can be put in it". It seems that the most common business behavior nowadays - buying and selling to earn the difference, is regarded as an illegal act. In 1977, Wenzhou once again stood at the edge of the knife. Chen Oujiang and Liao Maochou, Wenzhou's supply and sales workers who traveled all over the country, were shot to death for the crime of "speculation". The last person in China to be sentenced to death for the crime of "speculation" was Zheng Lefen, a Wenzhou woman, in 1991. "Speculation" is a product of the "dual-track price system" of the planned economy. With the development of the times, the nature of "speculation" is also changing, from the notoriety of "second-rate dealers" to the humorous nickname of "bad man". The most well-known "Dao Ye" in China is Mou Zhong of the Nande Group. At the end of the 1980s, Mou Zhong conducted in-depth research on the economic and trade relations between China, the United States and the Soviet Union, and successfully became the "bad guy" on the international stage. In 1991, he used more than 800 trains of Chinese products (including the backlog of cans, daily necessities, light industrial products, machinery and equipment, involving products from more than 300 factories in China), and exchanged four civil aviation passenger planes and many airlines from the Soviet Union. equipment. "Exchanging the canned food for an airplane" became a good story passed down by the Chinese population for a while. In 1997, the criminal law was amended, and speculation was abolished. In 2008, the "Interim Regulations on Administrative Punishment of Speculation" that had been applied for 20 years was declared invalid.Since then, "speculation" has become a historical vocabulary. The accusation of "speculation" once terrified hundreds of people in Wenzhou, like a "curse" tightly held over the city of Wenzhou.Time has passed, and recalling the paradox of history, the misery of Wenzhou and the bloody price paid, one can't help but feel mixed feelings and feel sad. Economist Zhong Pengrong said: "Behind the Wenzhou model lies the 'no-model' thinking of Wenzhou people." Unscrupulous, so chaos arises, becoming a "heterogeneous" in the economic development of Zhejiang and even the whole country. The ignorant are fearless, and the proletarian are invincible.Wenzhou's private economy is growing barbarously by relying on such a group of fearless and invincible people, and the protagonists are Wenzhou farmers. Looking back at the rise of Wenzhou Taishun, the largest second-hand machinery and equipment trading market in southern Zhejiang, we have to admit those disgraceful details. In the late 1970s, farmers in Taishun used false names to send letters to state-owned enterprises across the country to order various second-hand machinery and equipment. After the equipment arrived, they were sold on the spot for profit.The farmers then immediately published the obituaries of the "fake identities" in the newspapers.When foreign state-owned enterprises came to Taishun to collect debts, people in the village would show the obituary to the debt collectors with mournful faces: when a person dies, who should he ask for debt collection? This kind of economic fraud case is not operated by a single person, but the farmers of the whole village participated together.Relying on this incredible method, the farmers in Taishun had the initial capital to start a business, and the second-hand machinery and equipment trading market started. In the era of serious irregular management, once the gate of desire is opened and the bottom line of the legal system is breached, the treacherous and even barbaric personality of Wenzhou people can no longer be curbed for a while. In 1981, "People's Daily" published an article "Many community and brigade enterprises in Wenzhou wantonly cheat money": 1. A fake seal in the schoolbag is used to sign contracts and publish advertisements. The "school bag factory" forged the seals of various departments in Wenzhou City, as well as various seals that were useful to them.With such a fake seal, many units and individuals across the country have been deceived.Engraving fake seals has become a profession for some people in Wenzhou.Therefore, according to the name of the factory reported by the readers, many of them were found to be unavailable.The agricultural and sideline products processing factory of Qingbei Commune in Yueqing County, after being approved by the relevant county department, engraved its seal, but so far has no funds, factory buildings, equipment and permanent personnel; 2. Recently, two people in Wenzhou cheated 70,000 yuan.At first, these two people reported to the Administration for Industry and Commerce, saying that the factory building, equipment, and technical force they are currently running have a certain scale, and please approve it.In order to be cautious, the management personnel went to the factory to check, and it really happened as stated in the report.The administrative department for industry and commerce approved their request.Soon, their defrauding of money was exposed, and the administration for industry and commerce knew that they had been cheated.It turned out that the liar had established a good relationship with the leader of the factory in advance, and the factory agreed to the liar's use of their factory.It is not uncommon in Wenzhou to cheat by borrowing factories like this. 3. Cheat money to pay wages.Some commune and brigade enterprises stop and start from time to time because they do not have a formal production plan.If you can't pay workers' wages, you want to do crooked ways.One factory cheated a unit in Heilongjiang Province of hundreds of thousands of yuan by issuing fake purchase orders, and refused to pay the loan for several years.The unit sent people to the Wenzhou court to appeal.After investigation by the court, the property of the defrauded factory had already been divided up, and all the money cheated was also divided up, unable to repay. ... Fake berberine has become popular in many places in Wenzhou.There are more than 30 such factories in one commune in Ruian.These fake pharmaceutical factories are unapproved illegal production units.The counterfeit medicines they make are directly exported to pharmaceutical companies or medical institutions outside the province through various channels at 3 times, even 5 times, or 8 times the profit.Ruian County sealed off 52 counterfeit drug factories, and detained the person in charge of one of them who cheated a lot of money, and the court sentenced him to prison.Before the treatment, someone excused the criminals: this medicine is not fake, because it has a cost, and although it can't cure the disease, it can't cure the death.Some leading comrades pleaded: "The communes, brigades and enterprises have nothing to eat, so I hope you will show your respect." Even today, we can still get a glimpse of the reckless life of Wenzhou private entrepreneurial groups from this article. In 2004, Liu Ji, director of the China National Conditions Survey and Research Center, described Wenzhou people in this way: "Wenzhou was very poor in the early days of reform and opening up, and Wenzhou people went out to make a living. At that time, they were called 'poor Wenzhou people': Counterfeit and shoddy products are rampant, and Wenzhou people who bear the infamy are called "hateful Wenzhou people". In the 1990s, Wenzhou made great strides in the development of the market economy. There are Wenzhou products, and everyone says they are 'terrible Wenzhou people'; in today's Wenzhou, products are making great strides to the international market, and the industry has won international anti-dumping lawsuits, and everyone calls Wenzhou people 'respectable Wenzhou people'." The so-called "hateful" stage is precisely when Wenzhou people are crazily amassing money outside the system or even outside the scope of the law.All kinds of fraudulent behaviors are breeding in Wenzhou. The fraud in the 1970s developed into the 1980s, and it was Wenzhou fakes, shoddy.The most sensational is naturally the Wenzhou leather shoes that were destroyed by the fire in Hangzhou.Similarly, in this hometown of low-voltage electrical appliances, less than 1% of enterprises have production licenses, and all kinds of fake and inferior phenomena can be seen: the quartz sand in the fuse is actually replaced by rice bran; the silver contacts of the relay are made of cupronickel or even patch pretending to be... "Cangnan's fake trademark, Yongjia's fake advertisement, and Rui'an's fake car model accessories" are also notorious all over the country. In the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, Zhuang Xiaoyan won five consecutive victories and won the women's judo championship over 72 kg.After that, she received an award from Jianlibao Company in the Great Hall of the People and took back a "gold pot". For years, she kept the pot of gold in a bank safe.Until November 2011, she was surprised to find a small bag on the gold pot, and then subconsciously touched it with her hand, and there was a small white spot on the gold pot.The outer metal of the gold pot was torn away, and the silvery white inside was revealed. This is not an isolated case.Later, the media revealed that the "Jianlibao Gold Pot" of the 1988 Seoul Olympic champions Chen Longcan and Wei Qingguang was also not real gold. The "Jianlibao Gold Pot" incident caused a lot of noise. On the surface, this matter only involves a once brilliant but now fallen enterprise - "Jianlibao Group".People who have witnessed that era revealed that so-called "golden" products such as "Jianlibao gold pot" were very popular in the 1980s and 1990s, and the earliest "golden" products came from Wenzhou. Before the reform and opening up, the state had very strict control over gold, and gold was rarely seen in the homes of ordinary people.Rare things are more expensive. In the early 1980s, Wenzhou people, who were ahead of the times, began to think about "gold".Wenzhou people began to collect folk gold all over the country, and even racked their brains to extract gold from various discarded equipment and utensils.Gold ornaments such as "rings" and "necklaces" began to appear as "special products" of Wenzhou. In the folk, gold is an ornament and a collectible.In industrial manufacturing, gold is also a product raw material.By the late 1980s, government controls on industrial gold were relaxed.At this time, "gold" gifts began to appear. The "gold" gifts at that time were not pure gold, but only gold-plated on the surface or mixed with part of gold.Unscrupulous merchants take advantage of the huge desire of the people to own gold and the lack of sufficient identification ability of the common people for real gold. "Gold" products are often regarded as real gold and pure gold.This kind of golden product can satisfy people's desire for gold to a certain extent, and has become popular. It is against this background that "Jianlibao Gold Pot" was born. In the era when Wenzhou people began to get rich, gold also became an important tool for Wenzhou businessmen to reflect their identity and open up markets.In the 1980s, the streets of Wenzhou were full of people wearing gold and silver, and wearing seven or eight gold rings on both hands.What is even more legendary is that at that time, it was rumored that in order to highlight the style of Wenzhou people's treats, they would serve a "expression" soup: a small basin of seafood floated in a large basin, and ten imported watches were placed in a regular manner on it. The table is for "expressing one's heart". Nearly 20 years have passed, and a sudden focus event can still reflect Wenzhou's unbearable past. People always think that time can wash everything away.The long-term non-standard growth of Wenzhou's private economy will gradually fade away with the passage of time.But history will not disappear because of this, and forgetting the past means betrayal.Many years later, Wenzhou people want to get rid of the "hateful" notoriety and win the "respectable" word of mouth. The hardships that Wenzhou has put in are hard for onlookers to understand. When money comes too fast, Wenzhou people start to get lost and go crazy.In recent years, during festivals and festivals, news about "sky-high priced rice dumplings" and "sky-high priced moon cakes" have often been reported by the media.In fact, in Bacao Town, Cangnan County, Wenzhou in 1995, such extravagant episodes had already happened. One day, a very rare king croaker was displayed in the fish market at the east end of the village, surrounded by three layers of villagers.According to the local custom that has been passed down for hundreds of years, whoever eats the fish maw of the Yellow Fish King will have good luck in the coming year.Everyone is greedy, but there is only one fish, so there is no choice but to bid!Amidst the booing of the crowd, the price of 10,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan has been rising steadily.The owner of a factory in a neighboring town was determined to win, and directly quoted 100,000 yuan in one breath.Now the villagers panicked.Not to mention the possibility of the fish being taken away, isn't this embarrassing?But one family really couldn't bear it.As a result of the urgent discussion, six big and strong households in the village "stepped forward" and resolutely retained the Yellow Fish King with a joint venture of 120,000 yuan.All the payment was in cash, and the woven bag of fertilizer was stuffed into half of the pocket. That night, men, women and children in the village rushed to say goodbye to each other, beaming with joy, just like celebrating the New Year. Some people even bought a few hanging firecrackers and set them off loudly.A big pot was set up in the ancestral hall in the center of the village, and a whole yellow croaker was thrown into it, and the fire was red, boiling and boiling.The whole village came, one bowl per person.After the soup was finished, the representative of the big family who paid the most announced loudly: If you find a bigger yellow fish king, you are welcome, and you will take it anyway! There was a time when people across the country summed up the "Five Poisons" for Wenzhou people, namely, "Black - started by smuggling; — Counterfeit and shoddy goods are rampant, and cheating — fraudulent behavior is unstoppable.” The existence of these "five poisons" stems from Wenzhou people's undeniably strong desire to make money. Of course, there is no doubt that it is this passion of "do not make money or give me death" that has become the source of success for Wenzhou people. In fact, these social eccentricities are commonplace in China, where people are getting rich collectively.The old order has been broken, and new rules have not yet been established. In this transformation and chaos intertwined with the old and the new, it is the period when various absurd dramas are staged in turn. Wenzhou, as the "first to get rich" area, is also more prominent in various deformed social forms: some private enterprises' simple factory buildings are densely packed with people and machines, the dust is confusing to the eyes, and the smell is pungent; some 12-16 School-age children who are 12 years old are engaged in tense, monotonous and mechanical manual labor all day long in order to make money; a Zhoushan fishing boat capsized in the East China Sea, and 33 fishermen were killed. Rui'an family workshop; a "respecting old building" in the urban area, with shops on the first floor, cultural and entertainment rooms on the second floor, and Bodhisattvas on the third floor for people to burn incense and worship Buddha; at the funeral ceremony, 24 motorcycles cleared the way, and hundreds of people wore sackcloth and filial piety. The wind band in white uniforms plays music that is very different from the mourning music: "Moon of the Fifteenth", "Mother's Kiss"... The coffin is pulled by a carriage, and a Christian cross is placed on it; the emerging "peasant city" Longgang , people raised funds to build schools, amusement parks, movie theaters, and also built temples, and in more places, "the best house is a temple, and the worst house is a school"... People who show off their wealth compare with each other, from wearing gold and silver to showing off their mansions, spending money like water, and even the magnificence of ancestral tombs and private houses has become a competing item. "Whether you are rich or not depends on the tomb" In Wenzhou's traditional concept, "building a tomb" is listed together with "building a house" and "giving birth" as the three major events in life. In Wenzhou in the late 1980s, the "grave building" movement swept across. When the trend of "thick burial" was the most popular, there were "chair graves" (a popular grave form in southern Zhejiang, especially in Wenzhou. Because the shape is similar to a chair, it is called "chair grave". The chair grave is usually taller than the other. Low, built on the hillside, without a stele, the information of the owner of the tomb is engraved on the stone slab in the middle. The descendants are buried under the tomb of the ancestors, forming a long tomb like a staircase from generation to generation. The cost of a chair tomb ranges from tens of thousands to as much Hundreds of thousands, even millions.) Covering an area of ​​two or three acres, the cost of building a tomb is as high as 500,000 yuan.According to statistics, at that time, Wenzhou City had to add 30,000 new tombs every year, swallowing up more than 1,000 mu of land every year. "China Youth Daily" reporter Mai Tianshu recorded: When the boat sails on the Oujiang River, there are thousands of tombs rushing forward... These majestic, condescending, and arrogant chairs hide not only the bones and blood of Wenzhou people's ancestors, but also the flow of traditional spirit, which is also the The flow of new wealth from the market, and the degree of wealth of a place can often be easily concluded from observing the chair graves: whichever village is the richest, the tombs there are the most magnificent. The grave-building campaign even became the topic of reports by The Wall Street Journal and United Press International. The Wall Street Journal's American correspondent said: Chinese peasants spent more money on building tombs and monuments and burning incense and worshiping Buddha after they became richer.The green hills of Wenzhou are turning white due to piles of graves.Building a new tomb can cost the equivalent of $2,700, a considerable sum in China. After the "grave building" movement caused verbal criticism, governments at all levels in Zhejiang Province began to carry out heavy-handed rectification to control the phenomenon of "whitening of green mountains". Even so, residual wind still exists. The same repeated prohibition, and Wenzhou's sex industry. All over the country, signs such as "Wenzhou Leisure" and "Wenzhou Shampoo House" can be seen in the streets and alleys of large and small cities, which already seem to be a well-known brand with a national reputation.During the day, the doors of such stores are often closed; only at night, the colorful lights on the signboards flicker, and the figures of scantily clad women sway in the rooms with curtains.Such places provide cheap "yellow services" in the name of shampooing, massage, and bone loosening. There are tens of thousands of "Wenzhou Shampoo Shops" all over the country, but they are not necessarily run by Wenzhou people.However, it is obvious that the earliest "tradition" undoubtedly came from Wenzhou. Why are shampoo houses and leisure houses named Wenzhou?There is no way to verify the origin of the name, perhaps the earliest ones only provided services for Wenzhou people.Because, on the one hand, Wenzhou people are the first group in China to get rich and have spending power;With the slow development, Wenzhou shampoo and Wenzhou leisure became synonymous. Thousands of miles away, the Yellow River is full of mud and sand. What Wenzhou's economic development has brought is that glory and infamy coexist, and wealth and desire grow together.