Chapter 3 3. Truman sent troops to invade Korea and Taiwan

The Korean Civil War broke out, no matter who launched the attack first, the South or the North, its purpose was to realize the reunification of Korea.It's North Korea's internal affairs. The Charter of the United Nations clearly stipulates that "there shall be no interference in matters which are essentially within the internal jurisdiction of any State".However, after the outbreak of the Korean Civil War, the US authorities flagrantly violated the UN Charter and immediately dispatched armed forces to intervene in the Korean Civil War.At the same time, the 7th Fleet of the U.S. Navy based in the Philippines was sent to invade the Taiwan Strait.

On the night when the Korean Civil War broke out (Washington time was 14 hours later than Pyongyang time, and it was the morning of the 25th in Washington at this time), the giants of the US authorities took action intensively.Taking advantage of the Soviet representative’s boycott of the absence of the United Nations meeting because the United States prevented the restoration of the legitimate seat of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations, the United Nations Security Council was manipulated to pass a resolution accusing North Korea of ​​“launching an armed attack.” On the evening of the 25th Washington time, US President Truman, Secretary of State Acheson, Deputy Secretary of State James Webb, Assistant Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Assistant Secretary of State John Hickson, Ambassador at large Philip Jessup, Secretary of Defense James Johnson, Army Secretary Frank Pace, Navy Secretary Francis Matthews, Air Force Secretary Thomas Finlater, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Omar Bradley, Army Chief of Staff Lawton Collins, Chief of Naval Operations Forrest Sherman and Air Force Chief of Staff Hoyt Vandenberg, a total of 14 military and political officials, held an emergency meeting in Blair Building and decided:

1. Authorize MacArthur to send to South Korea the weapons and other equipment they need outside of the military aid program; 2. Order the U.S. Air Force to cover the evacuation of U.S. expatriate family members from North Korea and bomb any North Korean ground and air forces approaching Gimpo Airport; 3. Order the 7th Fleet of the Navy to move north from the Philippines to prevent the Chinese Communists from attacking Taiwan, and at the same time discourage the Taiwan Kuomintang from taking action against the mainland.And quickly telegraphed these decisions to MacArthur in Tokyo.Truman also decided that he would not make a statement until the 7th Fleet arrived in the designated area.

On the morning of the 26th, the giants of the United States held a meeting again in Blair Building, and decided: the air force and navy will provide comprehensive support to the South Korean army; strengthen the US army in the Philippines and speed up aid to the Philippine army; increase assistance to the French invaders; Request the UN Security Council to adopt a new resolution calling on UN member states to provide assistance to South Korea. On the same day, U.S. Air Force planes and naval ships stationed in Japan appeared in the air and sea of ​​North Korea to support the South Korean Army in operations.

On the 27th, the United States manipulated the UN Security Council to pass a resolution requiring UN member states to provide "necessary assistance" to South Korea through "emergency military measures." On the same day, Truman issued a public statement announcing the actions taken by the United States in Korea and the Taiwan Strait and other measures taken in Asia.In his statement, he blatantly created a split in China, saying that Taiwan's "future status must wait for the restoration of Pacific security, the signing of the peace treaty with Japan or the consideration of the United Nations."

Despite the support of the U.S. Navy and Air Force, the South Korean Army was still vulnerable. On June 28, the North Korean People's Army liberated Seoul, the seat of the South Korean government.In view of this situation, on June 29, US President Truman approved the decision to use US ground forces in North Korea. On July 1, the first batch of US ground troops entered North Korea. In 1945, the United States shared the benefits of the Japanese surrender in Korea without firing a single shot.But the U.S. authorities believe that North Korea is of no strategic importance to the U.S. economically or militarily. The withdrawal of U.S. occupation forces from Korea in the first half of 1949 was an important factor. In early 1950, when the U.S. authorities determined the scope of U.S. interests in the Far East and the Pacific, they excluded the Korean Peninsula and China’s Taiwan Island from the circle.

On January 12, Secretary of State Dean Acheson said in a speech to the Press Club of America that our "radius of defense runs along the Aleutian Islands to Japan and then to the Ryukyu Islands. From the Ryukyu Islands to the Philippine Islands." Here Douglas MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the US Far East Army, had already drawn this "defensive" circle before, but the order he drew was the opposite of Acheson's. As early as December 23, 1949, the U.S. State Department expressed its position on Taiwan in its policy propaganda instructions on Taiwan, stating: "Taiwan is entirely the responsibility of the Chinese government. Historically and geographically, it is China's part. The United States has not assumed any practical or moral responsibility or obligation." On January 5, 1950, US President Truman made this position clear again in his statement on the Taiwan issue. He pointed out: December 1, 1943 The Cairo Declaration stated that the Chinese territories stolen by Japan, such as Taiwan, should be returned to China. The Potsdam Proclamation of July 26, 1945 declared that the terms of the Cairo Declaration should be implemented immediately.The United States is a signatory to this announcement.When Japan surrendered, Taiwan had been returned to China. "The United States has never had the ambition to plunder Taiwan or other Chinese territories. Now the United States has no intention of obtaining special rights or privileges or establishing military bases in Taiwan. The United States also does not intend to use armed forces to intervene in its current situation." On the same day, U.S. Secretary of State Acheson When explaining Truman's statement, he said: "When Taiwan was regarded as a province of China, no one ever raised any legal doubts about it. This move was considered to be in line with the agreements."

However, after the outbreak of the Korean Civil War, the U.S. authorities immediately took such a strong "interest" in North Korea and Taiwan, and it seems incomprehensible to take such quick and active actions in North Korea and Taiwan, China.In fact, it is not surprising that this is completely in line with the logic of US policymakers. The United States was not destroyed in the first and second world wars, and made war fortunes. After the second world war, it became the most powerful country in the capitalist world and acted as the "leader" of the capitalist free world. ", to promote a hegemonic policy of global aggression and expansion, to dominate the world, and to be arrogant, to regard the socialism (communism) headed by the Soviet Union as the main threat to world security, and to adopt a global containment strategy against communism.Although the United States draws the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan out of the circle.However, as the "leader" and hegemon of the capitalist world, the United States cannot and has not completely abandoned the Kuomintang authorities in South Korea and Taiwan.

After the outbreak of the Korean War, among American decision makers, whether President Truman or Secretary of State Acheson, their first reaction was, "It is almost certain that the attack was launched, supported, and instigated by the Soviet Union." This war could never have been started without instructions from Moscow.Therefore, this action must be seen as a Soviet action.It was Soviet Communism challenging the free world over North Korea, and the Soviet Union was clearly risking World War III.At least it was a test of the Soviet Union's determination to resist the expansion of the Communist camp in the United States, or a prelude to provoking an all-out war.As the "leader" of the free world, the United States cannot turn a blind eye to this, otherwise it will neither show the toughness of the United States, nor lose face as the "leader" of the free world.America must act in North Korea.

Truman said in his memoirs: "At that time, I deeply felt that if South Korea was allowed to fall, then the leaders of the Communist Party would become more arrogant to invade countries closer to our shores. If the Communists were tolerated to invade the Republic of Korea by force, and No small country will have the courage to stand up to the threat and aggression of its more powerful communist neighbor unless it is opposed by the free world. If this aggression is not checked, there will be a third world World War II, as a result of similar events caused World War II. It is also clear to me that unless this attack on Korea is stopped, the foundations and principles of the United Nations will be threatened." Truman's words are very clear It clearly expresses the consideration of the United States to take action.

However, how and in what form the U.S. takes action must also be considered by the U.S. authorities.Later, in an official book describing this period of history, the Americans said something like this: "Every choice of the United States has the possibility of alienating other countries, and the policy of the United States is based on the relationship with them. On the basis of enduring friendship and support. Slow action and inaction will be accused by some countries as a betrayal of the government of the Republic of Korea. It will seriously damage the efforts of the United States to maintain its privileges in Asia and elsewhere, and will cause countries such as the United Kingdom to , Italy, Japan, etc. reassess the wisdom of supporting the United States. On the other hand, if the United States takes unilateral military measures to counter North Korean attackers, then for many countries, Soviet accusations of imperialist actions and contempt for the United Nations will become Justifiable and legal. Its function is to intimidate these countries and make them more receptive to Russia's point of view." "The most meaningful thing is probably a joint and cooperative effort between the member states of the United Nations to stop the aggression. But South Korea needs immediate assistance, which can be The United Nations cannot act very quickly. Furthermore, the communist members of the United Nations are deliberately opposing joint action." This passage more clearly shows the good intentions of the decision makers of the US authorities. Under such considerations, after the U.S. ground forces dispatched to South Korea, on July 7, the U.S. once again manipulated the UN Security Council to pass a resolution to form a "United Nations Army" to invade North Korea with the U.S. army as the main force.The resolution states: Welcomes the prompt and strong support given by the Governments and peoples of the Member States of the United Nations to the security, resolutions of the Council of 25 and 27 June 1950 concerning assistance to the Republic of Korea in defending against armed attack, thereby restoring peace and security in the area. ... Recommends that all States providing military, troop and other assistance in accordance with the foregoing resolutions place such troops and other assistance for use by a unified command under the command of the United States. Ask the United States to send the commander of the force. Authorizes the Unified Command to consider using the United Nations flag in addition to the flags of participating countries in operations against North Korean forces. Request that the United States submit appropriate reports to the Security Council on actions taken under Unified Command. On July 10, U.S. President Truman appointed MacArthur as the commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army" that invaded North Korea. The headquarters of the "United Nations Army" is located in the headquarters of the US Far East Army in Japan, and the headquarters of the Far East Army exercises the power of the headquarters of the "United Nations Army".A total of 16 countries sent troops to participate in the "United Nations Army" invasion of North Korea. The U.S. military accounted for more than 90%, the United Kingdom had two brigades, Canada and Turkey had one brigade each, and France, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Thailand, the Netherlands, Countries such as Greece, Belgium, Colombia, Ethiopia, the Federation of South Africa, and Luxembourg only sent one platoon to one battalion symbolically.South Korea is not a member of the United Nations, but in mid-July, Syngman Rhee also handed over the South Korean army to the command of the "United Nations Army".In addition, Sweden, India, Denmark, Norway, and Italy sent hospitals or medical ships for the "United Nations Army".Except for the U.S. army that invaded North Korea on the second day after the outbreak of the Korean War, troops from other countries began to enter North Korea in August 1950, and arrived in North Korea in May 1951 at the latest. The composition of the "United Nations Army" that invaded North Korea enabled the United States to put its country's aggression against North Korea under the cloak of the "United Nations", which expanded the Korean War.What was originally a civil war between North and South Korea to resolve the reunification issue has turned into a war of aggression and anti-aggression, internationalizing and complicating North Korea's internal affairs. In addition, the US military has always valued Taiwan's strategic position, and MacArthur even compared Taiwan to the "unsinkable aircraft carrier" of the US in Asia.The U.S. decision-making authorities are worried that if North Korea fights, the Chinese People's Liberation Army will take the opportunity to attack Taiwan and make Taiwan fall into the hands of the Chinese Communist Party.The United States has lost its power in mainland China and cannot afford to lose Taiwan.Therefore, the United States linked the North Korean issue with China's Taiwan from the very beginning. While intervening in the Korean civil war, it dispatched the Seventh Fleet of the Navy to invade the Taiwan Strait to interfere in the internal affairs of the Chinese people and prevent the Chinese People's Liberation Army from liberating Taiwan.It also abandoned the "Cairo Declaration" and "Potsdam Declaration" concerning Taiwan's belonging to China, which the United States participated in, and claimed that "Taiwan's future status" was undecided, creating a split in China.