Chapter 46 Chapter 7: The Former Qing Gongsheng Who Sitting on a Sliding Pole and Marching Long March——Zhou Suyuan

In January 1936, after the Second and Sixth Red Army Corps occupied the Guizhou, Da, and Bi areas, they quickly established the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Provincial Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic, chaired by He Long, and immediately organized a working team to closely cooperate with the local armed working team of the Red Army. , Go deep into districts and townships to "expand red", attack local tyrants, distribute floating wealth, and organize local guerrillas.On this day, a group of Red Army soldiers who fought against local tyrants came to a luxurious mansion in Bijie City. It is said that there lived a former Qing tribute student named Zhou Suyuan, who must have a lot of floating wealth.

But this mansion looks quite luxurious on the outside, but there are not many belongings inside, but there are a lot of books, and when you open a book to read, there are circles inside, and there are many annotations.So he asked, "What do you do, a landlord?" Zhou Suyuan seemed confident and not afraid at all. He pointed at the book and said, "Look, I'm studying this." The soldiers couldn't understand, so they took the thick book like a brick to the army headquarters to report to Wang Zhen and Xia Xi. Wang Zhen's eyes lit up: ""Das Kapital"! Where did you get it?" Several soldiers then reported the ins and outs.Wang Zhen did not expect that in such a remote place as Bijie, there would be someone who put so much effort into studying Marx. He must be an expert!He hurriedly asked the soldiers to invite Zhou Suyuan to the army headquarters.

The beginning of the conversation was in line with Wang Zhen's personality, no nonsense, straight to the point. "The Red Army is coming, why don't you run away?" Wang Zhen asked. "I don't have any property, so I don't need to run away." Zhou Suyuan replied. Wang Zhen asked him again if he was afraid of the Red Army. Zhou Suyuan said, "I don't have any fish and meat villagers. I am not afraid of the Red Army." Asked why he likes to read Marx's books, Zhou Suyuan replied: "I have studied Marxism for 10 years. I think Marxism You are right, I believe in Marxism. Your Communist Party and the Red Army are all about Marxism, so I don’t need to go.” Wang Zhen said to him again: “Our Communist Party’s policy is to resist Japan and oppose Chiang Kai-shek, do you agree or not? "Zhou Suyuan replied clearly: "I agree, I completely agree!" The more they talked, the more speculative they became, and they were very affectionate.At this moment, a guard soldier came in and reported that a group of ordinary people were outside begging to see him and want to protect Mr. Zhou.

It turned out that Zhou Suyuan was a tribute student in the former Qing Dynasty. He once ran a newspaper in Guiyang and worked in the Beiyang government. Because of his integrity, he was very popular among the local people.Seeing that Zhou Suyuan was invited to the army headquarters, the common people thought that he had been arrested, so a primary school teacher took the lead and went to the army headquarters to protect him. Knowing that the common people misunderstood, Wang Zhen went out with Zhou Suyuan and greeted everyone with a smile.Those "guarantors" were also relieved to see that the Red Army respected celebrities and had no intention of harming them.

After further conversations, I learned that Zhou Suyuan participated in the anti-Qing struggle in his early years and was one of the leaders of the 1911 Revolution in Guizhou. equal rank. In 1925, because Zhou Suyuan was dissatisfied with the infighting in the officialdom, he left the military and political circles, returned home to find a job, lived in Bijie, and studied behind closed doors.During this period, Chiang Kai-shek lured him out of the mountain many times, but Zhou Suyuan remained unmoved. Exploring the miscarriage of the 1911 Revolution in Guizhou, the melee of the old warlords, the dictatorship of the new warlords, the reasons for the suffering of the people, and the future of China are the motivations for him to study Marxist-Leninist works.He has read a lot of Marxism and other progressive books, and wrote down comments and reading experience on many books, and his thinking gradually tends to be progressive.At the same time, with the vigorous development of the Red Army movement, especially the Red Army carried out revolutionary activities in Guizhou four times before and after, for example: in 1930, the Seventh Red Army led by Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi fought in Guizhou and Guangxi; The Red Army established the "East Qian Special Zone" revolutionary base in the northeast of Guizhou for half a year; in October of the same year, Wang Zhen, Xiao Ke and others led the Red Sixth Army to go to Guizhou; especially the Central Red Army that entered Guizhou during the Long March fought in Guizhou up to 4 months.The purpose of the Red Army, the propositions, principles and policies of the Communist Party were widely disseminated, and the underground party organizations and the activities of revolutionary youths that emerged in the Bijie area all prompted Zhou Suyuan, who studied Marxism-Leninism and yearned for revolution, to further change his thinking.

On the eve of the Red Army's occupation of Bijie, Mo Xiong, a commissioner of the Kuomintang, persuaded him to flee. He replied, "I didn't harm the village, and I don't have much property, so I don't have to leave." He also said to Mo Xiong, "If you want to leave, just leave." Don't make things difficult for the Red Army." After hearing Zhou Suyuan's words, Mo Xiong also knew that his troops were no match for the Red Army, so he withdrew himself. Before the Second Red Army and the Sixth Army moved to Bijie in early February 1936, the underground party organization in Guizhou had carried out revolutionary activities in the Bijie area, and the primary task was to organize armed forces. In August 1935, Deng Zhige and others went to Bijie for the second time, preparing to carry out further armed work in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou.On the one hand, they developed party organizations among the progressive youth and sent special personnel to contact the "Red Army guerrillas";

After the Red Army occupied Bijie, it quickly carried out various organizational work and moved the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Provincial Revolutionary Committee established in Dading County to Bijie.On the basis of establishing guerrillas in various places, they started to form the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army. After listening to Wang Zhen's introduction of Zhou Suyuan's situation, He Long and Xia Xi visited one after another. They all felt that Zhou Suyuan's understanding of our party's proposition, the purpose of the Red Army, and the theory of the Anti-Japanese National United Front were far beyond the comparison of ordinary intellectuals.After discussion by He Long and others, it was decided to invite Zhou Suyuan, who was in his sixtieth year, to be the commander of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army.Mr. Zhou generously agreed.The headquarters of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army was located at Zhou Suyuan's home.The party sent Deng Zhige to serve as the chief of staff of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army, with three detachments under its jurisdiction: Xi Daming, commander of the first detachment, Zhou Zhifu, commander of the second detachment, and Ruan Junchen, commander of the third detachment.A total of about a thousand people.

Zhou Suyuan was an old man of the 1911 Revolution. The news that he became the commander of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army under the Communist Party shocked the Kuomintang Nanjing government.Chiang Kai-shek scolded: "Mother Xipi, you don't want to invite you out of the mountain. You would rather be the poor commander of the Communist Party. You really don't know how to flatter." But you have to explain to your colleagues in the party.Therefore, his military commander falsely claimed that Zhou was "captured by bandits", and urgently called Gu Zhutong, asking Gu to try to "rescue".What a joke in the world.

After the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army, it cooperated with the Red Army to undertake the work of city defense, and supported the Red Army to rest and fight in the Bijie area.One day, Wang Zhen and Xia Xi visited the headquarters of the National Salvation Army and said to Zhou Suyuan and Deng Zhige: "The headquarters decided to create a new Soviet area on the border of Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou based on Guizhou, Da, and Bi, so as to cooperate with the main force of the Red Army and save the country." The army will be responsible for the logistics work of the new Soviet area, and accelerate the expansion of the Red Army."

Under the leadership of the Party, the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army was very active.After Yu Zehong, the former commander of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou guerrilla column, led his troops to break through the siege and was separated, he took less than a hundred military and political cadres to covert activities in the Xuyong area near Sichuan. Yu Zehong waited to come to Bijie.The ethnic minorities on the border of Yunnan and Guizhou were all armed, so Zhou Suyuan sent Xi Daming to lead a detachment to the border of Yunnan and Guizhou to unite these armed forces and expand the National Salvation Army.At this time, only the second detachment of the National Salvation Army, Zhou Zhifu, stayed at the headquarters.

"Expanding Red" is a fruitful work carried out by the Second and Sixth Army Corps of the Red Army in Guizhou, Da, and Bi.After the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army, under the efforts of Zhou Suyuan, many people of insight against Chiang Kai-shek and the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army united under the banner of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army; hundreds of young and middle-aged people actively joined the Red Army.In just over 20 days, the total number of people participating in the Red Army was no less than 5,000. Northwest Guizhou is very poor, and there is a local folk song: "Potatoes and wild vegetables live, you have to eat corn rice, unless your wife is confinement, and you have to eat white rice, unless you are in the second life." But the Kuomintang and local tyrants and evil gentry did not relax their exploitation. Farming is handed over to field donations, opium planting is handed over to "nest donations", and opium smoking is handed over to lamp donations. Here the mountains are high and the soil is cold, and it is not possible to grow crops. The Kuomintang warlords encouraged the common people to grow opium in order to earn taxes. The mountains are poor and the water is poor, but opium is willing to accept.As a result, opium smoke is rampant in this area.Men, women, and old people all smoked opium, and dolls were lit to smoke when they caught a cold and coughed.All of them were sallow and thin. Among the new fighters who just "expanded their popularity", many of them smoked opium, gathered for training, became addicted to cigarettes, yawned, snot and tears poured down, and they all staggered and "collapsed" into an army.Seeing this situation, Zhou Suyuan was very anxious, and said to He Long, "They come from poor families and are our class brothers. We must work patiently and meticulously, guide them according to the situation, and help them quit smoking. They are good soldiers." First of all, explain the truth to these soldiers, so that they are determined to quit smoking; then they adopt quantitative smoking, gradually reducing it until they stop smoking, and at the same time use pork, beef and mutton obtained from hunting local tyrants to make them eat better.After a short time, many people quit smoking. In the early morning of February 27, 1936, Wang Zhen and Xia Xi came to the headquarters of the National Salvation Army and told Zhou Suyuan and Deng Zhige that the Red Army was going to make a strategic shift and asked them to lead the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army to retreat immediately.At that time, because the first and third detachments had already gone out for activities, they led the second detachment to retreat with the headquarters of the National Salvation Army. It is worth mentioning that when the Red Army withdrew from Bijie and advanced towards Wumeng Mountain, the so-called "rebellion" and "escape" of the commander of the National Salvation Army, Xi Daming, led to the director of the Political Department of the Sixth Red Army. Xia Xi's unfortunate death is very sad. After the Red Army withdrew from Bijie, they marched towards Wumeng Mountain along Biwei Road in the order of the Second Red Army and the Sixth Red Army. On the morning of March 2, when the Sixth Red Army entered Qixing Pass in Hezhang County, Xia Xi, Zhou Suyuan and others were resting by a river.Minister Li of the Red Sixth Army's Destruction Department came to report to Xia Xi that Xi Daming did not want to leave his hometown and move with the Red Army, and asked Xia Xi to do persuasion and mobilization work.At that time, Zhou Suyuan said to Xia Xi: "The guns and ammunition of Xi Daming's tribe were bought by thousands of local Yi farmers. They were used to fight against local bullies and bandits and protect the homes of the Yi people. If Xi Daming took all the armed forces away , their wealth and life will be lost, so it is expected that some of them are unwilling to leave." Minister Li was sent by the Sixth Red Army to work in Xi Daming's Department. Hearing Zhou Suyuan's words, he felt that he had a certain responsibility, so he Insist on Xia Xi to go to work again.In this way, Xia Xi crossed the river with several soldiers. At about 3 o'clock in the afternoon that day, Xia Xi and others had not found Xi Daming, and Minister Li and others had not returned, so he decided to go to the front to have a look in person.Xia Xi took 1 guard and 2 soldiers to wade across the river.This river is not wide, about seventy or eighty meters, but the water is chest deep and the flow is fast.When Xia Xi and others waded more than 30 meters to the center of the river, they suddenly found two people dressed as locals walking towards the river on the mountain opposite the river.The guard asked questions, but the other party didn't answer.The guard looked suspicious, so he fired a warning shot. The visitor fled to the mountain, and the guard walked back with Xia Xi by his arm.In February and March in western Guizhou, it was warm and cold, and with continuous rainy days, the temperature dropped sharply and the river was icy cold.Since marching into Guizhou, Da, and Bi, the troops have marched and fought, and carried out mass work. Xia Xi has been exhausted for days and is very tired.At that time, he was wearing a leather jacket, and it was inconvenient for him to ford the water. He staggered in the river and walked towards the river bank.Unexpectedly, a torrent rushed in, Xia Xi and the guards were caught off guard, and were sucked into the vortex, unfortunately drowned and died. In fact, Xi Daming's request to stay and persist in the local armed struggle was not only approved by Deng Zhige, the head of the Guizhou Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, but also by Wang Zhen, the political commissar of the Sixth Red Army Corps. Escape" is pure rumor. After Zhou Suyuan heard the news of Xia Xi's sacrifice, she slapped her thigh regretfully: "Why didn't I persuade him?!" When the enemy Hao Mengling's column occupied Nayong, Li Jue's column from Zhijin, and Guo Rudong's column from Dading, both intercepted Shuicheng and Weining in an attempt to connect with the Yunnan Army's Sundu Column and the Sichuan Army, and surrounded the Red Army from all sides. The head of the Sixth Army Corps decided to take advantage of the enemy's encirclement before transferring.Zhou Suyuan bid farewell to relatives and friends, and embarked on the journey with the army.At this time, Deng Zhige transferred the Red Sixth Army Corps Headquarters to serve as the combat staff; Zhou Suyuan followed the Army Corps Headquarters; The Wumeng mountainous area is full of mountains and mountains, and it is the time of the cold spring. The mountains are high, the moss is slippery, and there are few residents. This is the most difficult time since the Long March of the Second and Sixth Red Army.With the strong enemy in hot pursuit and the frequent transfer of the Red Army, the leaders of the army considered Zhou Suyuan's age and difficulties, and planned to mobilize him to leave the army temporarily. One day, He Long asked Wang Zhen to discuss whether Zhou Suyuan would join the Long March.Then Wang Zhen called Deng Zhige and said: "Comrade Zhou Suyuan is so old, and his health is not good, and it is difficult to march. Would you talk to him and ask him to go to Kunming or Hong Kong to become a rich man and serve the party well?" Do united front work. If he is willing to go, we can give him some gold and silver dollars from local tyrants, and build a house in Hong Kong to live in.” “Will he misunderstand us?” Deng Zhige hesitated, asked. "That's why we decided to let you talk. You have known him for a long time, and he will fully trust you." Wang Zhen replied. So, Deng Zhige came to Zhou Suyuan's residence and talked to him about the meaning of the head of the army.Zhou Suyuan thought about it, and said: "I have been groping in the dark society for nearly 60 years, bumping into walls everywhere, and now I have joined the Red Army to find the light. This is the most glorious moment in my life. Please tell the leaders, I am Zhou Suyuan. To die is to die in the Red Army!" Deng Zhige reported his thoughts to Wang Zhen, and Wang Zhen asked Comrade He Long for instructions.He Long appreciated Mr. Zhou's revolutionary enthusiasm very much: "Okay, I admire such a person, okay, let's lift him up!" In this way, a group of Red Army members were specially arranged to lift the sliding poles, and Mr. Zhou was asked to sit on it. Walk.Unexpectedly, Mr. Zhou refused to live or die, and insisted on leaving by himself.He was not good at riding horses, and his physique was weak, so he was out of breath after a while. Wang Zhen joked, "Commander Zhou, let's sit on the pole!" Afraid that Zhou Suyuan would refuse, he continued, "You can sit for a while, and walk for a while!" Zhou Suyuan thought about it, it seemed like this had to be done, otherwise, it would really affect the army's actions.Since then, Zhou Suyuan has left behind the historic title of "the gentleman who sat on the long march with a sliding pole"! When the Red Army moved to fight in the mountains southwest of Zhenxiong, apart from the enemy Fan Songfu's column following the Red Army, Hao Mengling's and Wan Yaohuang's columns moved to Zhenxiong to intercept, and Li Jue's and Guo Rudong's columns went north from Weining to join the encirclement ranks.When the Red Army took the opportunity to jump out of the enemy's encirclement and turn southward, the Dian army formed a deep defense with heavy troops in Zhaotong and Weining, waiting in formation. The Dian army column has more than 24,000 people, most of the weapons are imported from Belgium and France, and the personnel are also well-trained. The commander of the column, Sun Du, is well dispatched.Therefore, the interception by the Yunnan Army posed a great threat to the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps in the Long March.But there is a contradiction between Long Yun and Chiang Kai-shek.When Chiang Kai-shek sent troops into the southwest, he intended to destroy Guo by false means.The Dian army's deployment of troops in eastern Yunnan also included the consideration of preventing Jiang's army from committing crimes. Zhou Suyuan once worked with Long Yun and Sun Du in the Guizhou Army.In order to take advantage of the enemy's internal conflicts, the commander of Xiao Ke's army and Zhou Suyuan wrote to Long Yun and Sun Du respectively, exposing Chiang Kai-shek's unpredictable intentions and demonstrating the righteousness of the nation's resistance to Japan. Zhou Suyuan's letter had a certain impact.After Sun Du received the letter, he raised his troops to the south to wait and see the situation;When the Red Army marched towards Songming, Yunnan, Lu Han was ordered by Long Yun to order Sun Du to flank the Red Army at the Pudu River, but Sun Du said to Lu Han: "Pudu a small river will not become an obstacle for the Red Army to pass, even if it cannot If it passed, it would only prompt the communist army to go around a few more times and drag our troops to run more distances. It will not have any effect on annihilating the enemy, but I will do my best." Afterwards, Sun Du did not go to the Pudu River to attack The Red Army, this kind of "passive and conservative strength" actions, Sun Du has repeatedly demonstrated in the confrontation with the Red Army in eastern Yunnan. After the Second and Sixth Army Corps of the Red Army arrived in Ganzi, Sichuan, Zhou Suyuan used the radio to broadcast a talk, exposing Chiang Kai-shek's crime of surrender and treason, and calling on all provinces to rise up against Japan. After the Long March of the Red Second Front Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai met him. Mao Zedong praised Zhou Suyuan and said, "You are a struggling person" and "you are a very kind and respectable friend and comrade of ours."