Chapter 2 〇1. Discussion on the status and function of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base Area

The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base shines brightly in the annals of China's new democratic revolution led by the Communist Party of China and has an important position and role.Its creation and development are the result of hard work and the fruits of revolution.The Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base centered on Nanliang holds high the bright revolutionary banner and has distinctive characteristics.The Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base area has made immortal contributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution, and is a precious spiritual wealth of the party and the people.

The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base was established after several years of bloody struggle by the Chinese Communists and proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation represented by Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, and Xi Zhongxun under the leadership of the party and the support of the people. A very important revolutionary base.The basic historical positioning of this base area is: Time—Beginning in the 1930s. Location - in the combined area of ​​Shaanxi and Gansu Longdong, including Shaanxi Baoan (now Zhidan), Ansai, Ganquan, Fuxian, Central (now Huangling), Yijun, Xunyi, Chunhua, Yaoxian and Gansu Part of the countryside in Qingyang, Heshui, Ningxian, Zhengning and other counties.

Status——Under the leadership of the party organization, mobilize the broad masses, carry out the agrarian revolution, establish the local Red Army of Workers and Peasants, and establish the revolutionary base area "the only remaining fruit" in the late period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War, providing a foothold for the Party Central Committee and the Long March of the Red Army. It is the Eighth Route Army Advance to the starting point of the frontline war of resistance, the command base of the liberated areas across the country, and the strategic base of liberating the Northwest.In short, this base occupies a unique and extremely important position in the history of Chinese revolution.

The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region was affected by the revolution very early on. In October 1925, Liu Yufen's Division of the National Army led by Feng Yuxiang entered Gansu. Communist Party members Xuan Xiafu and Qian Qingquan arrived in Lanzhou with the National Army under the entrustment of the Executive Committee of the Northern District of the Communist Party of China and Li Dazhao.After Xuan and Qian arrived in Lanzhou, they quickly got in touch with Zhang Yiwu and others, and at the end of the same year, they established the Gansu Special Branch of the Communist Party of China.The activity lasted until February 1927. Because of the sabotage by the rightists of the Kuomintang, Qian Qingquan and others left Gan, and the branch stopped its activities.In June 1926, the Suide Local Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was established on the basis of the Suide Special Branch of the Communist Party of China, under the leadership of the Northern District Executive Committee; it was later transferred to the Shaanxi-Gansu District Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China, and its party members grew to more than 190. When the Shaanxi-Gansu District Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in March 1927, it had 7 prefectural executive committees, 4 ministries and commissions, 16 special branches and 4 branches directly under it, and 388 party members.The Shaanxi-Gansu District Committee of the Communist Party of China determined that the party's work principles are: work concentration, talent concentration, and the focus of work is to focus on the peasant movement first.Geographically, it was first concentrated in Shaanxi, and gradually reached Gansu.The Shaanxi-Gansu District Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China actively carries out mass work and unifies the leadership of the mass organizations in Shaanxi-Gansu Region (including northern Shaanxi), including the Shaanxi-Gansu District Executive Committee of the Youth League, the Shaanxi Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, the Provincial Farmers Association, the Provincial Student Federation, and the Provincial Youth League Club etc.At the same time, vigorously develop party members and establish party organizations.While focusing on the work in Shaanxi, the Executive Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu District of the Communist Party of China decided to send people to Gansu to secretly rebuild the party organization. In March 1927, Lanzhou, Daohe (Linxia, ​​Gansu), Pingliang, and Ningxia special branches were established.By June 1927, the number of party members in the Shaanxi-Gansu District Executive Committee had reached 21,117.Under the direct leadership and organization of the Shaanxi-Gansu District Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China, the broad masses carried out anti-warlord and anti-imperialist struggles, supported the national army and coalition forces to go out to participate in the Northern Expedition, suppressed local tyrants, evil gentry and corrupt officials, and severely hit the imperialist feudal forces .By the end of June 1927, the agricultural cooperative organizations in Shaanxi Province alone had covered more than 60 counties, with more than 370,000 members and more than 100,000 peasant self-defense armed forces. The peasant movement in Shaanxi became one of the provinces with the highest peasant movement in the north.Under the leadership of the Lanzhou Special Branch of the Communist Party of China, youth organizations such as the Lanzhou Youth Club actively carried out activities, created publications, promoted communism, attacked the rightists of the Kuomintang, and successively recruited about 300 youth members.The Executive Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu District of the Communist Party of China also established the official publication "Northwest People" to publicize revolutionary ideas.The workers' movement cooperated with the farmers', women's, and young student's movements to promote the vigorous development of the revolutionary movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu region.

In April and July 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei successively launched counter-revolutionary coups, the reactionary authorities in Shaanxi also vigorously purged the party and anti-communism, disbanded revolutionary organizations, and suppressed mass movements. Xi'an faced terror.In order to adapt to the sudden change in the situation, the Executive Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu District of the Communist Party of China decided to urgently notify the party organizations at all levels to switch from semi-public activities to a completely secret state as soon as possible, and important cadres secretly left Xi'an. In July, the executive committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu District of the Communist Party of China was abolished, and the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was established.

From the winter of 1927, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China organized and led a series of armed uprisings in accordance with the spirit of the party's August 7th meeting; they opposed the massacre of the Kuomintang reactionaries and their reactionary rule. On October 12, 1927, Tang Shu, Li Xiangjiu, Xie Zichang and other leaders launched the Qingjian Uprising. The Weihua Uprising was launched on May 1, 1928; the Xunyi Uprising was launched on May 7; the Chunhua Uprising was launched on May 9; there was also the Linyou Uprising led by Communist Party member Wang Taiji and other organizations, and Sanyuan, Jingyang, and Liquan besieged the county seat The struggle of Chengcheng peasants to expel the anti-garrison, and the struggle of Yongshou peasants to besiege the county.Although these struggles failed in the end, they mobilized and inspired the masses to fight against the reactionaries, attacked the arrogance of the Kuomintang reactionaries, accumulated revolutionary experience and lessons, and trained and tempered a group of revolutionary cadres.This also laid a solid political, organizational, and mass foundation for the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base in the future.

In March 1928, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the "Shaanxi Work Resolution", proposing that the implementation of armed riots by workers and peasants and the establishment of a Soviet regime were the future of the revolution.In the second half of the same year, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang to return to northern Shaanxi to participate in the leadership work of the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee.Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang were later assigned by the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee to carry out military movement work in the border area between Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. In fact, they were beating the Kuomintang troops to cultivate revolutionary forces. In May 1929, Liu Zhidan returned to his hometown of Baoan County. With the cooperation of the local party organization, he became the head of the county militia. armed. In January 1930, Liu Zhidan went to the Nanliang area to conduct a social survey to gain an in-depth understanding of the Gelaohui and civilian armed forces.Later, together with Xie Zichang, he attacked Su Yusheng's Department of the Fourth Cavalry Division of Ningxia and Tan Shilin's Department of Qingyang Warlord in Gansu Province to carry out military operations. In October 1930, Liu Zhidan and others launched an uprising in Taibai Town, which is located at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu, and established a guerrilla team of more than 100 people, which was later called the Nanliang Guerrilla Team.Later, the troops were attacked by the enemy, and Liu Zhidan negotiated with local warlords to rest and replenish the troops.The military movement work carried out by the Communist Party of China in the Kuomintang troops laid the foundation for holding armed uprisings, establishing revolutionary armed forces, and opening up revolutionary base areas.

(1) The period of the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Base Area centered on Sicun Plateau (February-September 1932) The establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base was a very arduous and complicated process.The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base Centered on Sicunyuan was the initial stage of the base area. In September 1931, Liu Zhidan restored and established the Nanliang Guerrilla Brigade with more than 300 members in Daoshuiwan, Dingchuan, Heshui County, with Liu Zhidan as the commander-in-chief.In the same month, the Shanxi guerrillas led by the Shanxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China crossed the Yellow River westward to northern Shaanxi, and later renamed the northern Shaanxi guerrillas. In late October, two guerrillas joined forces in Linjinmiao and Donghuachi areas. In January 1932, it was reorganized into the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army. On February 12, it was reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Zhengning, Gansu Province, which promoted the development of the revolutionary armed struggle in Northwest China.The guerrillas were active in the Sicunyuan area of ​​Nanyuan in Zhengning, organizing peasants to fight against grain and donations, and publicizing the struggle program of the Communist Party and the Red Army. In April, the Revolutionary Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region was established in Sicunyuan.Afterwards, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army carried out extensive guerrilla warfare on the Shaanxi-Gansu border.Sicunyuan has also become an important historical witness of the revolutionary base area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border.

(2) The period of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base centered on Zhaojin (September 1932-October 1933) The Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base area centered on Zhaojin is the period of development of the base area.According to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee decided to establish a Shaanxi-Gansu border base area and the Red Twenty-Sixth Army. In mid-September 1932, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas attacked Zhaojin Town, Yaoxian County, Shaanxi, and wiped out more than 400 enemies. The guerrillas organized the masses in Zhaojin to fight local tyrants and distribute food, which opened up the development of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base centered on Zhaojin. prologue. On December 24, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas formed the 26th Army (Second Regiment) of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Zhuanjiao Town, Yijun County, Shaanxi Province.After the Red Twenty-Sixth Army was formally established, it marched eastward on December 26, combined with the Weibei guerrillas and the revolutionary struggle of the Weibei masses, centered on Zhaojin, Yaoxian County, and carried out guerrilla activities in surrounding counties to attack the Kuomintang The local armed forces developed the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area.

The revolutionary struggle between the Weibei guerrillas and the Weibei masses was carried out under the leadership of the Weibei Regional Party Organization of the Communist Party of China and based on the establishment of the Weibei Soviet Area. In May 1931, after the resumption of the Wuzi District Committee of the Communist Party of China in Sanyuan County, on the basis of the Red Guards established in each village, a district guerrilla brigade was formed to lead the masses to fight against grain and taxes. In July 1932, the Sanyuan County Committee of the Communist Party of China was restored, the Weibei Guerrilla Team was established in August, the Weibei Revolutionary Committee was established in September, and the Weibei Special Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in October. In the vast area bordering the counties, the peasant masses were mobilized to establish peasant associations and local armed forces, to fight against the local tyrants to distribute food, to destroy the landlords and gentry and the reactionary Kuomintang rule, and basically formed the Weibei Soviet Area centered on the Wuzi District and Xinzi District of Sanyuan.Weibei Soviet Area is 30 kilometers from east to west and 25 kilometers from north to south, with a total area of ​​about 750 square kilometers and a population of more than 40,000.From November 1932, the Weibei Soviet area was repeatedly "encircled and suppressed" by the Kuomintang reactionaries, and many party members, League members and revolutionary masses died. In December, the Northern Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to abolish the Weibei Prefectural Committee and set up the Sanyuan Central County Committee to lead the restoration of the Weibei Soviet Area and lead the Weibei guerrillas to cooperate with the Red 26th Army in fighting in Zhaojin and other places.Under the "encirclement and suppression" by the enemy on three sides, in March 1933, the Weibei Soviet Area fell.The 4th Regiment of the Red 26th Army reorganized from the 1st Battalion of the Weibei Guerrilla Army was also forced to withdraw from Sanyuanwu and Xin Districts, and moved northward to Zhaojin.

On March 8, 1933, the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region of the Communist Party of China was established in Zhaojin. In mid-March, the general headquarters of the guerrillas in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region was established. On April 5, the first Congress of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region was held in Zhaojin Tuerliang (Ping), Yao County, and the Revolutionary Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region was established.Farm worker Zhou Dongzhi was elected chairman, and Xi Zhongxun was elected vice chairman and party secretary.Under the Revolutionary Committee, there were land, anti-revolutionary, food, and economic committees, and various decrees were issued.The residence is Xuejiazhai.Basically, the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area with Zhaojin as the center and across the borders of Yaoxian, Chunhua, and Xunyi counties was formed, and a number of district, township, and village revolutionary committees were successively established.The base covers an area of ​​2,000 square kilometers, and the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region is under the leadership of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. In July 1933, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was destroyed by the Kuomintang authorities. The special committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region independently led the struggle to establish the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Area under the condition that the connection with the Provincial Party Committee was interrupted. At the enlarged meeting of the Shaanxi-Gansu Special Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Chenjiapo, Zhaojin in August, it was decided that the Red Fourth Regiment, the Yaoxian Guerrilla Army and the Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army should form the temporary general headquarters of the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region.The meeting also formulated the policy of concentrating the main Red Army to go deep into the Shaanxi-Gansu border area to attack and eliminate the enemy, accumulating small victories into big victories, and sent people to rectify the organization of the provincial party committee.These decisions had positive significance for military struggle and party building at that time. In October, after the fall of Xuejiazhai, the Zhaojin Soviet area was occupied by the enemy, and the main leading members of the border area were transferred to Nanliang area to carry out activities.During the period when Zhaojin was the center of the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base Area, they paid attention to mobilizing the masses and winning the support of the broad masses of peasants. They made great achievements in establishing a revolutionary regime and building base areas, and accumulated experience for future base area construction. (3) The period of the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area centered on Nanliang (February 1934-February 1935) The Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base centered on Nanliang was the heyday of the base area.After the Zhaojin Soviet area was occupied by the enemy, the center of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base moved to Nanliang in Huachi. In the spring of 1934, Liu Zhidan led the Red Forty-two Division to mobilize the masses in the Nanliang area, conquer local tyrants, divide the land, organize revolutionary armed forces, suppress reactionary forces, establish rural political power, and form a climax of mass revolutionary struggles. On February 25, the Party Committee of the Red 42nd Division held a mass meeting in Sihetai Village, Xiaohegou, Nanliang, and rebuilt the Revolutionary Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region with Xi Zhongxun as its chairman. In May, the Special Committee of the Border Region was restored, and Liu Zhidan established the Revolutionary Military Committee of the Border Region at the same time as the Northwest Revolutionary Base Research. In early November, the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Congress of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region was held in Liyuanbao, Nanliang.According to the Chinese Soviet Election Law, the General Assembly elected the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Government.The Soviet Government of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region set up committees for labor, land, finance, food, and culture. The agency was stationed in Zhaiziwan. The official publication was "Red Northwest". County Soviet Government.By February 1935, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base had successively established the Southern Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region and 12 county-level Soviet regimes. A lot of work has been done.Therefore, the re-establishment of the Revolutionary Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region in Nanliang was a sign of the formal formation of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base centered on Nanliang. While the revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border was progressing with difficulty, a revolutionary base area in northern Shaanxi was also established. In April 1928, the Northern Shaanxi Special District Committee led by the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in Nanfeng Village, Miaojiaping, Xichuan, Suide (now Zizhou County). In October 1930, it was changed to the leadership of the Northern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and in December it was placed under the leadership of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. In March 1933, the Shanghai Provisional Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China sent Kong Yuan to Tianjin to preside over the work in the northern region.The Northern Shaanxi Temporary Special Committee of the Communist Party of China was under its leadership, and Ma Mingfang acted as the secretary of the special committee.From March 1933 to February 1935, the Northern Shaanxi Special District Committee of the Communist Party of China set up the Soviet Government of Northern Shaanxi Province at the same level and the General Headquarters of the Northern Shaanxi Guerrilla Forces established successively. The Third Regiment, the 84th Division of the 27th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and the Northern Shaanxi Special District Committee of the Communist Youth League of China, led the party, government, and military groups in 12 counties in northern Shaanxi. In December 1933, the representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the north sent Xie Zichang and Guo Hongtao back to work in northern Shaanxi, and Xie Zichang served as the northern representative to the Northwest Military Special Commissioner.During this period, the party organizations in northern Shaanxi gradually recovered and developed.Under the leadership of the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, the armed struggle in northern Shaanxi was fully launched in 1934. The peasants' resistance to food, tax, rent, debt, and donation continued to rise. Rural poor peasant associations and red guards were generally established.Especially after the Kuomintang army's first military "encirclement and suppression" was smashed, several base areas (except Shenfu) such as Anding, Suiqing, Suimi, and Jiawubian were connected together, forming a stretch of hundreds of miles in northern Shaanxi. base.By the end of 1934, the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee had 12 county committees under Fugu, Shenmu, Jiaxian, Hengshan, Midong, Wubao, Suide, Suiqing, Qingjian, Anding, Chiyuan, and Yanchuan. In the autumn of 1934, after the Shaanxi-Gansu border areas and the northern Shaanxi base areas smashed the first military "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army, the red areas continued to expand.The guerrilla warfare on the Shaanxi-Gansu border was advancing eastward, and the guerrilla warfare in northern Shaanxi was developing southward. The two bases were separated by only a hundred miles and were getting closer.The rapid development of the revolutionary situation caused great panic to the Kuomintang authorities, gathered about 50,000 to 60,000 warlord troops in the four provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Shanxi, and launched a second "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi base areas.The severe struggle situation urgently requires the two special committees to achieve unified leadership, and it is urgent for the two Red Army to cooperate closely and fight together. In January 1935, the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region sent Liu Zhidan and Hui Zijun to lead the 2nd Regiment of the 42nd Division of the Red 26th Army to the north and arrived at Jingjinggou, Chiyuan County, the base area in northern Shaanxi. Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang established the Northwest Party and Discussions were held on issues such as the unified leadership of the army and the policy for the second campaign against "encirclement and suppression" and a complete consensus was reached. In February, the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region and the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee held a joint meeting in Zhoujiajun, Chiyuan County (now Zichang County), and decided to establish the Northwest Working Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Northwest Revolutionary Military Committee, and the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region retained it.The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region Special Committee and the county (work) committees under the original Northern Shaanxi Special Committee were all led by the Northwest Work Committee.The Northwest Working Committee was under the leadership of Kong Yuan, the representative of the Central Committee in the North, and after June 1935, it was under the leadership of the Northern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Under the command of the Northwest Working Committee and the Northwest Military Commission, the Red Twenty-Sixth Army and the Red Twenty-seventh Army fought side by side. In the summer of 1935, six counties including Yanchuan, Baoan, and Jingbian were liberated one after another. The bases were connected into one piece, which was later called the Northwest Revolutionary Base. In September 1935, the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China led the 25th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army to reach the Northwest Base on the Long March.The Northwest Working Committee and the Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi Provincial Committees were merged into the Shaanxi, Gansu and Shanxi Provincial Committees of the Communist Party of China, and the Northwest Military Commission was reorganized.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi Provincial Party Committee is under the leadership of the Northern Bureau of the Central Committee.During this period, due to the implementation of "Left" adventurism, the erroneous "elimination of counter-revolutionaries" in Shaanxi and Gansu occurred. A large number of Red Army cadres and government officials were wrongly arrested and killed, which seriously weakened the revolutionary forces in the base areas.Coupled with the fact that the heavy "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army has not been crushed, the Northwest base area fell into a serious political and military crisis. On October 19, 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Red Army successfully arrived at Wuqi Town, Jingbian County, the northwest base area.When the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China learned that northern Shaanxi was "suppressing counter-revolutionaries," it immediately issued an order: stop arrests, stop censorship, and stop killings. Everything is left to the central government to resolve.At the same time, Wang Shoudao was sent to Wayaobao to investigate and deal with the issue of "elimination of counter-revolutionaries". At the beginning of November, the central government decided to form a party affairs committee to review and deal with the "elimination of counter-revolutionaries" incidents. On November 26, a rehabilitative meeting was held in northern Shaanxi, and the "Decision of the Northwest Central Bureau to Examine the Elimination of Counter-Revolutionaries" was read out to correct the extreme "left" mistakes in the "elimination of counter-revolutionaries" work, and a group of leading cadres such as Liu Zhidan were released in time. They were reassigned to work, thus saving the party organizations, the Red Army and the base areas in the Northwest. After October 1935, the main Red Army marched to northern Shaanxi one after another.Because of the existence of the Northwest Revolutionary Base Area and the enthusiastic reception of the party organizations and the people in the base area, the Party and the Red Army had a foothold.The Party Central Committee and the Central Red Army set up camp in the northwest region, recharged their batteries and regained their vitality.With the rapid advancement of the Red Army's westward expedition, in the second half of 1936, the base area expanded to the junction of the three provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, forming a revolutionary base in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia.Under the direct leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong, the Northwest Revolutionary Base has also been consolidated, expanded and developed. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out in July 1937, the national war of resistance began.The second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation initiated by the Communist Party of China was formally formed. On September 6, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government was formally established. In October, the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist Government passed a resolution confirming that the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was a region directly under the Administration’s jurisdiction, and designated a total of 26 counties in northern Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and northern Shaanxi border areas as the Eighth Route Army’s recruitment area, which belonged to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government direct jurisdiction.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region spans about thousands of miles, spanning the three provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region became the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the rear base and headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and the People's Anti-Japanese Armed Forces. It has a very important position in the history of the Chinese revolution and the Communist Party of China. The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base has always held high the banner of revolution and armed struggle, and implemented the program, line, principles and policies of the Communist Party of China leading the democratic revolution.The anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution program established by the Communist Party of China is to organize and mobilize the masses to carry out armed struggle, agrarian revolution and establish base areas after the failure of the Great Revolution. In July 1933, due to the arrest and rebellion of Du Heng and others, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was severely damaged by Kuomintang agents, and the special committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region cut off contact with its superiors.Under such difficult circumstances, the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Special Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Army held a joint meeting in Chenjiapo, Yaoxian County in mid-August, focusing on discussing the establishment of a new main force of the Red Army and the restoration of the 26th Red Army. Xi Zhongxun and Qin Wushan served as the executive chairmen of the meeting and presided over the meeting.Xi Zhongxun advocated the unification of several guerrilla forces to avoid being defeated individually.After discussion at the meeting, it was decided to establish the temporary general headquarters of the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region; at the same time, it formulated a strategic policy of not fighting big battles but fighting small ones, accumulating small victories into big victories, concentrating troops, extensively launching guerrilla warfare, and carrying out mass work in depth.The Chenjiapo meeting played a vital role in the reconstruction of the Red Twenty-sixth Army, the reconstruction of the main force of the Northwest Red Army, the change of the military struggle situation, and the consolidation of the development base.At the Chenjiapo meeting, the leaders of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee and the Revolutionary Committee took the overall situation into consideration and elected Wang Taiji, who had just resumed his party membership, as the commander-in-chief of the Red Army's temporary headquarters in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region, and Liu Zhidan as the chief of staff after returning from Qinling Mountain.The general headquarters led several Red Army guerrillas to switch to outside operations and won consecutive victories. In October, the 17th Route Army of the Kuomintang and the local militia launched a military "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the revolutionary base areas on the Shaanxi-Gansu border centered on Zhaojin, and Xuejiazhai fell.The special committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region led the leading cadres of the party, government, and army, and some armed forces, and gradually moved to the Nanliangbao area of ​​Huachi County, Gansu Province. The work of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Party and the armed struggle fell into a difficult situation. From November 3rd to 5th, the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region and the temporary headquarters of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Red Army held a joint meeting in Baojiazhai, Heshui County, Gansu Province to discuss issues such as the reorganization of troops and the reconstruction of base areas.At the meeting, Liu Zhidan and others summarized the experience and lessons of establishing base areas, and criticized Du Heng's "Left" errors.The meeting decided to revoke the temporary general headquarters of the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region, restore the Red Twenty-Sixth Army, under its jurisdiction the Red Forty-two Division, establish the first, second, and third guerrilla headquarters, and open up Anding, Nanliang, and Zhaojin Three guerrilla areas, in order to rely on each other to rebuild the Shaanxi-Gansu border base.This meeting was not only a key meeting to restore and expand the 26th Red Army, but also an important meeting to establish the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area centered on Nanliang.Subsequent facts have proved the correctness of the decision of this meeting. After the Baojiazhai meeting, Qin Wushan, Secretary of the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region, went to Xi'an to find the Provincial Party Committee and failed to restore the relationship. Other members were scattered in the party, government and military organizations. In May 1934, the Party Committee of the Forty-Second Division of the Red Army held a meeting in Zhaiziwan, Nanliang, and established the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region, with Zhang Xiushan as the secretary.At the same time, the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Military Committee was established.Under the leadership of the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region and the Party Committee of the Red 42nd Division, in the summer of 1934, the revolutionary struggle situation in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area developed favorably. The "encirclement and suppression" basically formed a revolutionary base on the Shaanxi-Gansu border with Nanliang as the center and a length of three or four hundred miles.The special committee also founded the organ publication "Bolshevik Life". The establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base centered on Nanliang reflects the ideals and beliefs of the Communists who are indomitable, brave and tenacious, unswervingly implements the party's armed struggle, agrarian revolution and the policy of establishing base areas, and does not suffer due to revolution. The setbacks and the capitulation and betrayal of individual traitors were discouraged.Many Communist Party members at that time were passionate youths who had just joined the revolution and lacked experience in intricate revolutionary struggles. However, their loyalty to the party and the people, their persistence in revolutionary ideals and beliefs, and their spirit of unswervingly carrying out revolutionary armed struggles were invaluable .At the same time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is also very concerned about and attaches great importance to the revolutionary base areas on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, and has continuously issued instructions to deploy and arrange work.Although it also includes some incorrect instructions that were influenced by the "Left" deviation, it also reflects the Chinese Communist Party's unswerving exploration of the Chinese revolutionary road, gradually accumulating revolutionary experience, and leading the Chinese revolution to victory. . The Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base has grown from scratch, and has paid attention to learning from the experience and lessons of other revolutionary bases, and also paying attention to combining local characteristics.In semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, there were no conditions and possibilities for legal struggle, and armed struggle was a valuable experience suitable for the characteristics of the Chinese revolution.The Weibei Soviet Area was the first Soviet area established in the Shaanxi-Gansu region.Wuzi District and Xinzi District in Weibei have never stopped armed struggle since the period of the Great Revolution.The opening of the Weibei Soviet Area provided conditions, trained cadres, and transported strength for the establishment of the Red Twenty-six Army and the establishment and development of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base centered on Zhaojin and Nanliang.The struggle in the Weibei Soviet Area has far-reaching historical significance and has accumulated valuable experience and lessons for the revolutionary struggle.Huang Ziwen, the leader of the Weibei masses, was one of the leaders who created this revolutionary base.Xi Zhongxun later recalled: Huang Ziwen joined the party early, with rich experience, comprehensive and insightful.From 1928, he began to engage in armed struggle in Weibei. The former Fuyao Revolutionary Committee established in 1932 was led by Huang Ziwen.The brothers Huang Ziwen and Huang Zixiang were very influential in Weibei, and the whole family sacrificed several people for the revolution.From Xi Zhongxun's memories, it can be seen that Huang Ziwen's leadership of the armed struggle left a deep impression on him.Zhang Xiushan was also sent to work in the Weibei guerrillas.The revolutionary armed struggle carried out in Weibei had an important impact on the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base Area. Xi Zhongxun later specifically concluded: From the long-term struggle in the Weibei Soviet Area, it can be seen that it is impossible to establish a base in the central area ruled by the enemy.The Weibei Soviet area is located on a plain and is surrounded by enemies on all sides. In the struggle against the enemy, a flexible offensive policy must be adopted. Conservation of a corner is doomed to failure.At that time, the "Left" opportunists superstitiously believed in the theory of urban centrality. Starting from the capture of central cities such as Xi'an and Sanyuan, they opposed the so-called "escapeism up the mountain", forced the distribution of land in the base areas regardless of the actual situation, and repeatedly opposed the so-called so-called ideology of comrades in the Soviet area. "Rich Family Line", "Right Opportunism".This line of "Left" opportunism has actually proved to be a failed line. Liu Zhidan, one of the founders of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base, attached great importance to the summary of revolutionary experience and lessons.He profoundly summed up the lessons of participating in and leading multiple mutiny failures in the Shaanxi-Gansu region after the failure of the Great Revolution. "The most fundamental reason is that the military movement was not combined with the peasant movement and a revolutionary base was not established. If we are like Comrade Mao Zedong, Relying on the Jinggang Mountains, we will carry out armed separatism, establish base areas, and gradually develop and expand guerrilla areas. Even if serious situations come, we still have a place to stand and room for maneuver. The most fundamental thing now is to have base areas.”Liu Zhidan's remarks in July 1932 fully showed that he took Jinggangshan as a model to learn from. In the process of establishing the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Base Area, Liu Zhidan and other Communists not only learned from the experience of other base areas, but also paid attention to the characteristics of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Area.For example, emphasizing the close combination of the military movement and the peasant movement, taking into account the characteristics of the Shaanxi-Gansu border.It is precisely because of this spirit of being good at learning and absorbing the experience and lessons of others, closely integrating with the local reality, and constantly pioneering and enterprising, that the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area was able to overcome many setbacks and overcome the influence of the wrong leadership of "Left" dogmatism within the party. , eventually builds up. As Xi Zhongxun summed it up: The history of struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border is a history of struggle and unity in the united front.The Shaanxi-Gansu border party organizations and the Red Army always strive to win over local armed forces that are in conflict with the Kuomintang regime.Those who sympathize with and lean towards the revolution are warmly treated. Some Gelaohui leaders, vigilante regiment chiefs, security regiments, and Red Guns have done many good things for the revolution through united efforts.Even for some bandits, try to transform them into Red Army guerrillas.For example, the guerrillas led by Yang Peisheng in Qingyang had elements of bandits at first, but after a long period of transformation, the elements of bandits were washed away and some new elements of peasants were absorbed, and they became the guerrillas of the Red Army.Guo Baoshan, the "King of the Mountain" of Huanglong Mountain, through the patient and meticulous work of Liu Zhidan and others, finally led him to the road of revolution. From the era of the Red Army to the period of the War of Liberation, Guo Baoshan made many military exploits. The establishment and construction of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base areas cannot be separated from the revolutionary armed struggle and the red political power, let alone the leadership of the party.The leaders of the Shaanxi-Gansu border base areas never forget to strengthen the party's organizational leadership and the party's political and ideological construction, forming a strong and correct leadership core. In the spring of 1934, the Third Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Guerrilla Headquarters launched guerrilla warfare and established bases in Fuxian, Huangling, Yijun, Yaoxian, Xunyi, Chunhua in Shaanxi Province, and Zhengning and Ningxian in Gansu.In order to strengthen the Party's leadership over the work in the region, the Special Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region specially established the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region Committee of the Communist Party of China in September 1934, with Zhang Bangying as the secretary.In the construction of the base areas, the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base areas also paid attention to strengthening the party's organizational leadership and political and ideological construction.When he was in Zhaojin, Liu Zhidan followed the spirit of the Gutian Conference and criticized the army's erroneous ideas such as purely military views, extreme democratization, non-organizational views, absolute egalitarianism, individualism, and rogue thinking; at the same time, he also conducted united front education for party members and cadres .He pointed out: The revolution must establish a united front, the fewer enemies the better, and the more friends the better.When we increase our strength, the enemy loses its strength.He also practiced himself and worked hard to win over local armed forces that were in conflict with the Kuomintang regime.He also adhered to the principle of seeking truth from facts. For some comrades, regardless of the objective conditions of the enemy's strength and our weakness, he must fight tough battles to capture the enemy's strong urban strongholds. Criticism was put forward for the phenomenon that the middle peasants panicked and the rich peasants fled as a result of dividing the land equally.During the development of the guerrilla movement, some guerrilla units were infiltrated with bad people, the organization was seriously impure, and repeatedly violated the interests of the masses. The base area has been further developed.Therefore, the establishment, development, and contribution to the Chinese revolution of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base Area are all inseparable from the strengthening of the party's leadership and the party's political and ideological construction. In the map book of Gansu Province, it can be seen that Nanliang is located in Baochuan, Liyuan, Huachi County.Nanliang is not only a township, but also a relatively large regional concept.From the concept of the Nanliang area, it is located in the middle of the Qiaoshan Mountains at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu in the eastern part of Longdong, surrounded by ravines, dense forests, and a large room for maneuver. The vast area with a radius of several hundred miles is convenient for the Red Army's guerrilla activities.At the same time, the masses in the Nanliang area had a strong desire for revolution, which provided a good mass foundation for the establishment of the base area.Thirdly, Nanliang was still a weak area ruled by the Kuomintang reactionaries. At that time, there were many conflicts between the local warlords in Longdong and Shaanxi.Moreover, it has also been affected by the revolution. At the beginning of 1928, the rest of the Qingjian Uprising carried out revolutionary propaganda here; from 1930 to 1931, the Nanliang guerrillas and northern Shaanxi guerrillas were active here; in the winter of 1932, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army also rested here.Therefore, the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Base was established with Nanliang as the center, about 200 kilometers from east to west, and about 150 kilometers from north to south. According to Xi Zhongxun, this is also "made by bumping into a wall" in failure.Because of the comparison of the strength of the enemy and ourselves at that time, the Communist Party was obviously at a disadvantage and was surrounded by the enemy on all sides, especially in the plain areas, which was beneficial to the enemy.On the other hand, far away from the center of the enemy's rule, where the ruling power is far away from the roots of the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolution, the position and role of the revolution are beyond reach, which is conducive to the growth and existence of revolutionary forces and the expansion and development of base areas. Although the region is sparsely populated, economically and culturally backward, and the environment is extremely difficult, the masses have a strong desire for agrarian revolution, which is the mass basis for establishing revolutionary base areas.Therefore, the leaders of the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area proceeded from reality, assessed the situation, and first carried out mass work, investigating village by village, and working with each household; after that, they organized armed forces, opened up Soviet areas, and established political power.In this way, base areas are gradually established.At the same time, pay attention not to engage in isolationism. On the basis of determining the central area, use the main Red Army as the backbone to establish multiple guerrilla areas to expand the room for maneuver, form a situation of mutual echo and cooperation, and unify the accumulation and expansion of revolutionary forces. . The revolutionary struggle in the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area is an important part of the new democratic revolution led by the Communist Party of China.The history of its formation and development, like other base areas in the country, has a common law of development, that is, combining Marxism-Leninism with the actual situation and guided by correct thinking, the base area will win and develop; and vice versa.At the same time, due to the different specific historical, geographical and social environments, the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area has formed its own characteristics and specific experiences in the practice of struggle, making it able to grow from small to large, from weak to strong, overcome internal and external difficulties, overcome强大于自己好几倍的敌人的重要原因和条件。 在探索农村包围城市，武装夺取政权的中国民主革命的道路中，陕甘边革命根据地坚持把工作重点放在农村，在农村开展游击战争，深入进行土地革命，建立和发展红色政权，和毛泽东后来概括总结的中国民主革命的正确道路是完全一致的。1928年中共六大提出的实行土地革命、建立工农民主政权的中心任务，也在根据地的创立和建设中得到贯彻和落实。虽然根据地建设中受到“左”倾错误的干扰，特别是1935年的错误“肃反”事件几乎使根据地毁于一旦，但因为党中央和中央红军的及时赶到，西北革命根据地得到挽救。在中国革命处于十分困难的条件下，陕甘边革命根据地及西北革命根据地为党和红军提供了落脚点，为中国共产党领导的八路军开赴前线抗日提供了出发地，并在抗日战争、解放战争中作出新的贡献。这是对中国新民主主义革命胜利所作出的巨大而独特的贡献。 在陕甘边革命根据地及以后的西北革命根据地中工作，以后担任党和国家领导人特别是成为各条战线试的领导人的比比皆是。除了刘志丹、谢子长英年早逝，许多人以后都成为党政军的高级干部或党和国家领导人。1945年在延安召开中共七大时，陕甘宁边区代表团的144名代表中，就有30多人在陕甘边根据地和以后的西北革命根据地工作过，如习仲勋、马文瑞、汪锋、阎红彦、张秀山、陈国栋、张仲良、吴岱峰、王世泰、黄罗斌、张邦英、刘景范、高锦纯、马锡五、朱理治、郭洪涛、郭述申、唐洪澄、高长久、崔田夫、张达志、赵伯平、白如冰、高朗亭、高峰、魏怀礼、白茜、慕纯农、王季龙、白炳圻（马义）、白坚、范子文、李培福、李子厚等人。还有马明方虽然因故没有参加中共七大，但也当选为中共第七届中央委员。他们对中共七大的成功召开和七大路线的制定及实施，作出了自己的贡献。 在陕甘边革命根据地，留下了许多的革命文物和遗址、遗迹，成为今天进行党的光辉历史和革命传统教育的生动教材。陕甘边革命根据地，不仅发生了许多重要的历史事件，也留下了许多重要历史人物的足迹。如毛泽东、邓小平、周恩来、彭德怀、刘伯承、李富春以及著名“四八”烈士之一王若飞等，都在这片土地上战斗过，留下了他们的精神风貌和人格风范。革命前辈在陕甘边革命根据地的艰苦奋斗精神，一往无前的革命气概，对党和人民的无限忠诚，已经永载史册，成为一笔宝贵的精神财富。诞生于陕甘边陇东老区的《绣金匾》、《咱们领袖毛泽东》、《军民大生产》三首民歌，不仅在当时产生了重要的影响，也成为不朽的红色经典，在中国革命音乐史上具有重要的地位。 陕甘边革命根据地的创建和发展，离不开人民群众的支持。广泛发动群众，和群众打成一片，也是陕甘边革命根据地得以创立和存在的宝贵经验，特别是在开辟根据地的时候，非常困难。但共产党员相信，“只要政策对头，紧紧依靠群众，困难是可以克服的。”他们一村一村地做调查研究，一家一户地做群众工作，相继组织起农会、贫农团、赤卫队和游击队，同时实行分土地、分粮食、分牛羊、戒烟、戒赌、放足等等深得群众拥护的政策。由于他们和群众休戚相关，生死相依，许多青年要求参军，游击队得到发展，革命根据地也得以建立和巩固。 我们要永远牢记历史，不忘过去，珍爱和平，向往未来，继承发扬党的光荣传统和优良作风，真正做到执政为民，把有中国特色社会主义的伟大事业继续推向前进。 1.中共陕西省委党史研究室、中共甘肃省委党史研究室：《中国共产党历史资料丛书·陕甘边革命根据地》，中共党史出版社1997年版。 2.中共陕西省委党史研究室：《西北革命根据地》，中共党史出版社1998年版。 3. 《关于西北红军战争历史中的几个问题》，《党史通讯》1986年第8期。 4.齐心：《陕北革命根据地的创立和发展》，陕西社会科学院1982年印行。 5.中共甘肃省委党史研究室：《中共甘肃党史》，2009年送审本。 6. 《毛泽东文集》第3卷，人民出版社1996年版。 7. 《习仲勋文选》，中央文献出版社1995年版。 8.习仲勋：《跟着毛泽东走就是胜利》，1951年7月4日《人民日报》。 9.习仲勋：《红日照亮了陕甘高原——回忆毛主席在陕甘宁边区的伟大革命实践》，1978年12月20日《人民日报》。 10.习仲勋：《群众领袖民族英雄——回忆刘志丹同志》，1979年10月16日《人民日报》。 11.习仲勋：《难忘的教诲——纪念刘志丹同志九十诞辰》，1993年10月24日《人民日报》。 12. 《刘志丹纪念文集》编委会：《刘志丹纪念文集》，军事科学出版社2003年版。 13.习仲勋：《深切怀念王泰吉同志》，1984年3月3日《人民日报》。 14. 《习仲勋传》编委会：《习仲勋传》，中央文献出版社2008年版。 15.张秀山：《我的八十五年——从西北到东北》，中共党史出版社2007年版。 16. 《郭洪涛回忆录》，中央党史出版社2004年版。 17. 《华池县志》编纂委员会：《华池县志》，甘肃人民出版社2004年版。