Chapter 15 The second part of the Anti-Japanese War

She Ziqing—a resident of Nanjing at the time Zhang Xiuhong—a resident of Nanjing at the time Li Xiuying—a resident of Nanjing at the time Wu Dianfei—a resident of Nanjing at the time Xia Shuqin—a resident of Nanjing at the time Xiong Xiufang—a resident of Nanjing at the time During the period of writing the manuscript, around 2:30 in the morning every day, the left and right neighbors started to quarrel, and things fell and jingled.Two hours later, according to the usual practice, the intermittent moaning of women in Youshe will last for 20 minutes, and then everything will return to calm.

Then, the sun came up, and then, I climbed into bed and went to sleep. This kind of life lasted for nearly a week. In this building full of life, I was not alone at all.I don't even need to guess. The man next door seems to be having an affair. Every day at around 2:30 in the morning, after he opens the door loudly despite being careful, the woman's cry let me know this kind of life. It went on for so long, she had had enough.The man made no sound, whether he was speechless or too guilty to make a sound.You She is a newly married couple, or a young couple living together, who are full of passion every day, as if there is no one else around.

With the "accompaniment" of my neighbors, I was able to temporarily escape from the shadow of the Nanjing Massacre. I even had a strange idea: If it was Nanjing in 1937, what would Zuo Neighbor and You She, Zuo Neighbor and You She be doing? Will the man next door come home late at night and run away late at night? Will the women next door think that a man who has an affair is worth throwing things at? Will the young people in Youshe be so energetic? And what kind of person will I become? On nights like that, I thanked them unreasonably. It is they who have always reminded me that this is not Nanjing in 1937. It is they who have allowed me to organize my narrative as calmly as possible because I was too emotional to be objective. I also want to do one thing, open a door and tell them Nanjing in the winter of 1937.

"One doesn't have to live in Japan long to see traces of the anti-Chinese movement. Even children's programs on government-run radio broadcasts often contain sermons about 'brave Japanese soldiers' and 'rebellious Chinese people'" Stories...a foreign friend warned me not to publicly express 'sympathy for China'..." In May 1937, the British journalist Bertrand who took the lead in reporting on the Xi'an Incident of the previous year came to Tokyo and was deeply impressed by the anti-China sentiment of the Japanese. After the July 7th Incident, Bertrand decided to return to China immediately.He took a train from Tokyo to Kobe, which was full of Japanese soldiers who were going to China.He described in the article: "The overwhelming sun flags covered the lights. Crowds of women and children were saying goodbye to the soldiers bound for China... Every station—even those we passed in the middle of the night—was the same All gathered a crowd cheering with flags..." When Bertrand arrived in Kobe and was about to board a ship to leave Japan, he said with emotion: "I have never felt so alone since I came to Japan. I felt that I was surrounded by a group of people for a while. Surrounded by gasping schoolgirls waving flags and chanting 'Long live' in hysterical frenzy!"

At this time, there was a lot of voices outside Nanjing—the Nanjing city defense fortifications built by the National Government at a cost of 490,000 silver dollars was under intense construction, which was almost the most expensive of all the city defense fortifications in China at that time. It has been the seventh year since the fall of the Northeast, and the people in Nanjing have already smelled the smell of war in the air. This year, She Ziqing, who has just turned 5 years old, has been able to help the family make money - he guards a cigarette stand.And his mother pours toilets for dozens of families every morning to subsidize the family.

According to She Ziqing's recollection: the cigarette stand was placed in front of the house, facing Confucius Temple Primary School.He was very envious when he saw his friends walking into the school one after another.He went to the teacher to beg, but also to go to school.The teacher felt sorry for him and agreed with him to go to the lectures without going through formal admission procedures.She Ziqing became an auditor.He brings a small bench with him every day, sits in the corner of the classroom to listen to lectures, and writes with his homework on his lap. Compared with She Ziqing's family, Zhang Xiuhong's family living near Zhonghuamen is not so lucky.They are always worried about filling their stomachs. "The vegetables grown are sold in the city, and only after selling can I buy some rice. I don't have to eat oil all year round, and I don't have money to buy it." Looking back on those years, Zhang Xiuhong sighed.

This year, Zhang Xiuhong just turned 12 years old.She didn't think about going to school, because in addition to helping adults work in the fields, she also had to cook three meals a day for the family. "I ate all kinds of wild vegetables when I was a child. Put a little rice, add wild vegetables, make a big pot of paste, and eat like this." Before the summer vacation came, She Ziqing found that there were fewer and fewer teachers and classmates on campus.Schools were forced to suspend classes, pedestrians on the streets were in a hurry, and the roads leading to ferries and railway stations were always full of traffic jams.The kid couldn't figure out what was going on, and his only trouble was that no one stopped to buy his cigarettes.

Little did the child know, the gates of hell had opened to the city. On August 15, 1937, the Japanese army established the headquarters of the "Shanghai Expeditionary Army", with Iwane Matsui as the commander.The first thing he did after taking office was to issue an order to start an air raid on Nanjing. She Ziqing remembers that when Nanjing was bombed, everyone hid in the air-raid shelter near their home.Those air-raid shelters are very simple-a hole is dug at the bottom, sacks are piled on the top, and soil is filled on top of the sacks. Air strikes have become more frequent, and the number of houses destroyed and the number of people killed and injured continues to increase.

The shivering people in the air-raid shelter pinned all their hopes of survival on the soldiers of the national army defending the city. On December 1, 1937, the Nanjing Defense War started.Tang Shengzhi, who was the commander-in-chief of the Nanjing Garrison at the time, ordered to destroy all ships that could cross the river and retreat, and vowed to lead more than 100,000 soldiers to fight the Japanese army to the death. The situation is not favorable.The outer positions of Nanjing were continuously broken by the Japanese army.According to the "China's Anti-Japanese War Frontal Battlefield Combat Records" edited by Guo Rugui and Huang Yuzhang: "On December 9, Matsui Iwane issued an ultimatum to the Chinese defenders to persuade them to surrender. Tang Shengzhi ignored it and ordered to defend to the death. On the 10th, the Japanese army sent The positions of Yuhuatai, Tongjimen, Guanghuamen, and the third peak of Zijin Mountain launched an all-out attack. The battle was brutal."

People in Nanjing were panicked.She Ziqing saw that the soldiers of the national army with their guns on their backs and their caps crookedly ran around in a panic, and the wounded soldiers on the stretchers were in great pain.He heard the adults say that Nanjing is going to end and the Japanese are going to enter the city. On December 12, since dawn, the Japanese army concentrated their firepower and launched a fierce attack on the defenders of the city wall.The Yuhuatai position was captured by the enemy, the Zhonghua Gate was shelled, and the order in the city was in chaos.Tang Shengzhi issued a retreat order, and the defenders began a chaotic retreat. "When they evacuated, they burned all the houses, whether thatched cottages, small tile-roofed houses, or large buildings, and they all set fire to them. They said they would not let the Japanese live in them." Wu Dianfei, who was still a teenager at the time, recalled.

That night, Tang Shengzhi took a small fire ferry to Jiangbei.A large number of soldiers who had no time to withdraw took off their military uniforms and threw away their guns. She Ziqing was standing in front of the house, and an adult shouted to him while running: "My child, the Japanese are coming, run quickly." "All the rich people ran away." Zhang Xiuhong recalled, "Where are we going? Talk about a family." On December 13, 1937, the bombing stopped, and the Sixth Division of the Japanese Army headed by Hisao Tani, the commander of the division, entered Nanjing from the Zhonghua Gate. In a documentary filmed by a Japanese military reporter, the Japanese soldiers who entered Nanjing were full of smiles and treated the common people politely.After these pictures were sent back to Japan, they became widely known, and the soldiers became heroes in the hearts of the elders in their hometown.The audience didn't know that this was actually a deceitful deception.Just outside the shooting site set up by the Japanese army, another hidden camera secretly captured the real picture, which completely subverted the paradise drawn by the Japanese army. Holding another camera is American pastor John Magee.After the Japanese army entered the city, Pastor Magee ran around and secretly shot eight rolls of 16mm film.When these pictures finally appeared in front of people, the whole world was shocked-it was clearly a hell on earth! The following is the account of Imai Masaoka, a Japanese military reporter: At Xiaguan Wharf, dead bodies piled up into a black mountain.About 50 to 100 people worked there to drag the bodies down and throw them into the Yangtze River.The bodies were still bleeding, some alive and groaning weakly, their limbs still twitching.The coolies worked in silence, as if in pantomime.It is difficult for people to see the other side of the Yangtze River in the dark.Under the faint moonlight, there is a large piece of shimmering dirt on the pier, wow!That's all blood! After a while, these coolies finished dragging the corpses, and the Japanese soldiers made them stand in a row along the river, bang!boom!boom!I heard the sound of machine gun fire.The coolies fell backward into the Yangtze River and were swallowed by the raging water.The pantomime ends here. A Japanese officer at the scene estimated that 20,000 people had been killed. Sasaki Motomasa, another Japanese military reporter in Nanjing, said: "I saw piles of corpses in the Tokyo earthquake, but compared with this place, it is nothing." Within 3 days of the Japanese army entering the city, 12,000 civilians were massacred, and 30,000 disarmed Chinese soldiers were massacred by the Yangtze River.Hatohiko Asaka, the commander of Japan's "Shanghai Expeditionary Force", once signed a confidential order to "destroy after reading", ordering his troops to "kill all captives".Kagego Nakajima, head of the 16th Division, wrote in his diary on December 13: "Since the policy is generally not to take prisoners, I decided to take them all out." The soldiers announced that they would be "discharged from military discipline for three days." The Japanese soldiers arrived at Zhang Xiuhong's house. This was the first time Zhang Xiuhong saw a Japanese. She pointed her gun at her in a language she didn't understand, which completely frightened the little girl into a fool. The Japanese soldiers wanted to drag Zhang Xiuhong away.Zhang Xiuhong's grandfather held her tightly in his arms. "Grandpa said that she was too small, too small. I was still very short at that time. The Japanese said no, and stabbed grandpa with a bayonet." Zhang Xiuhong was dragged away, "Take off my clothes and strip them... My leg, the anus and the lower part were torn all the way to the coccyx, and it was torn apart. Then I passed out... I can’t sit on a stool now, the coccyx hurts.” In the cold winter, it gets dark early, there are no electric lights in the basement, and it is dark. 19-year-old Li Xiuying is 7 months pregnant, and she is always afraid at this time. "The devils wore suede shoes and walked on the concrete floor. They knew they were coming. When they came in, they looked around. They pushed the old lady back into the house, and the young woman pulled it outside." The Japanese soldiers wanted to drag Li Xiuying away.Unwilling to be humiliated, she fought against the devils.The devil stabbed her in the stomach with a bayonet. Li Xiuying was stabbed 37 times, except for 1 knife on the stomach, 18 knife on the face and 18 knife on the leg.Dying, she was sent to the hospital by her father. After emergency treatment, her life was saved, but the fetus was gone. During the month that the Japanese army entered the city, there were about 20,000 rapes. At that time, Jinling Women's College of Arts and Sciences was dedicated to accommodating women refugees, and the person in charge was Minnie Vautrin from the United States. On December 17, she wrote in her diary: "A lot of tired and terrified women came again, saying that they had a horrible night. Japanese soldiers continued to patronize their homes. From 12-year-old girls to Sixty-year-old women were raped. Husbands were forced out of their bedrooms, and pregnant wives were bayoneted.” "The beautiful ones were dragged away, and the unbeautiful ones were machine-gunned. Fifty or sixty girls were beaten to death." Zhang Xiuhong talked about what she saw with her own eyes. Japanese soldiers killed people at will, even children.Teenager Wu Dianfei has an 8-year-old brother.When the Japanese soldiers came, everyone ran away. The younger brother ran slowly and was stabbed by a Japanese soldier and died.Wu Dianfei was crying while running. Xia Shuqin, a 7-year-old girl, had 9 members in her family, and 7 of them were killed.Her little sister was only one year old. She was held in her mother's arms, but was snatched alive by Japanese soldiers and stabbed to death with a bayonet.Xia Shuqin and another 4-year-old sister were stabbed with bayonets. They survived because they passed out, and the two sisters became orphans. According to the judgment of the Far East International Military Tribunal, about 200,000 civilians and prisoners of war were killed in the six weeks after the Japanese army occupied Nanjing. corpse. The book "The Massacre of the Japanese Invaders in China" confirms that "during the first six weeks of occupying Nanjing, the Japanese army brutally massacred tens of thousands of captives and more than 200,000 civilians who laid down their weapons, totaling more than 300,000 people." .Today, on the stone wall of the Memorial Hall of the Victims in the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders, there is a line of characters engraved: 300,000 victims. Nanjing is killing, raping, looting, and setting fires everywhere.Minnie Vautrin's account is: ... Here and there lay corpses with blackened faces, discarded military uniforms everywhere, and all the houses and shops were either looted or burned.The streets inside the security zone were crowded with people, while outside the zone there was no one to be seen except the Japanese soldiers... Every night the fire lit up the sky, and during the day the smoke billowed, showing the Japanese looting and The devastation continues... This once vibrant and hopeful capital is now almost an empty shell, pitiful and heartbreaking. "It's not like this every day, every day." Zhang Xiuhong said.For all Nanjing people and even Chinese people, it was a painful period of time that cannot be recalled. On New Year's Day in 1938, the Nanjing "autonomous" government ruled by the Japanese army was established.With the restoration of transportation, water, electricity, postal facilities and other facilities, the city that was almost burned to the ground finally started to operate slowly again.Zhang Xiuhong, who narrowly escaped death, was finally able to walk with a limp, and she didn't even think about lying down until her injuries healed.Spring is here, and only by standing up can we live. Zhang Xiuhong went to work again.She said: "The fields are full of dead bodies. We drag them away, bury them, and then plant seedlings." At this time, the streets of Nanjing City were covered with Anmin notices, and those who survived gradually realized that they had been reduced to subjugated slaves. She Ziqing remembers, "The roads are full of Japanese, and there is a gendarmerie in the Confucius Temple. When they see a Chinese, if they are not happy, they will slap you in the mouth." A Japanese soldier asked Zhang Xiuhong to go down the river to catch ducks. "I didn't dare to go down. He immediately kicked me into the river, bang, fell. When I came up again, he pointed a gun at me: 'You catch, you catch, if you don't catch me, I will shoot you with a machine gun immediately .'" On March 28, 1938, Liang Hongzhi and others established the "Reformation Government of the Republic of China" in Nanjing with the support of Japan. After the "Reformation Government" was established, it immediately signed a series of agreements with Japan such as the "Outline for the Establishment of Huazhong Iron Ore Co., Ltd.", and Japanese factories quickly entered Nanjing.Two years later, Wang Jingwei established the pseudo-"National Government of the Republic of China" in Nanjing. At this time, She Ziqing had to work in a Japanese factory in order to make ends meet. "At that time, I was already seven or eight years old. The Japanese factory made gauze gloves, and I wanted to destroy them. After the gloves were made, I dismantled them and then made them again. The main purpose was to go in and eat. There was no food, but there was a meal for each meal. Big bowl of rice." At this time, for ordinary people in Nanjing, the dream of resisting Japan and saving the country is very far away, and they must first survive. They face blackmail from the Japanese from time to time.Wu Dianfei remembered that Japanese soldiers often came to ordinary people's homes to ask for things, usually not food, but chickens and ducks, matches and candles.There is also a "gold watch".Wu Dianfei was stunned: "How can the common people have gold watches? The common people are poor and don't have ordinary watches. He (Japanese soldier) said that money is called 'gold watch' in Japanese." There are even pickles from ordinary people's homes. "Later we stopped pickling pickles, and they came and took them away after pickling," Zhang Xiuhong said. Under the puppet government, exorbitant taxes of various names and the confiscation of private property were legalized.In comparison, these behaviors of robbing pickles and candles are somewhat insignificant.Seeing Japanese people breaking into the house all the time, Zhang Xiuhong decided to shave her head and pretend to be a boy. "Being a boy, being with a boy is unlucky. The Japanese soldiers asked you to pick things. He asked you to pick the lotus roots, ducks, and pigs that were robbed of the farmers. If you didn't pick them, he would beat your back with a bayonet." .My back has already been smashed by him. You can't walk while carrying it, so he uses a bayonet against you. I have no choice but to throw the burden and say that I won't carry it. You take the knife handle I'll kill it." Zhang Xiuhong felt that she couldn't survive, and it would be better to die directly than to be stabbed to death one after another. "He started laughing. Instead of stabbing you with a bayonet, he beat you with a gun." You can't live, you can't die.The living can't change the status quo, they can only resign themselves to fate. With the reopening of restaurants and shops, the streets of Nanjing are getting a little more lively.However, people are still worried when they walk on the street. They not only want to guard against the Japanese, but also guard against traitors. She Ziqing once encountered a situation where a traitor dragged a girl away on the street. "We cursed behind our backs: 'Rape women, you are not human, you learned from the Japanese devils.'" The traitors have the power to implement new policies, and they are unscrupulous.They went to people's homes to extort money, claiming that they would report to the Japanese immediately if they didn't get the money out. "We scolded him, but we didn't dare to fight him, because we were afraid of suffering from him," She Ziqing said. According to She Ziqing's recollection: One day, he was discovered by a Japanese supervisor when he was taking off his gloves.He borrowed capital to start a small business, selling candy and cigarettes. She Ziqing would run into Japanese people from time to time when she was hawking in the streets. "Facing each other, I didn't dare to roll my eyes, for fear that he would find out that I would be beaten, but if I missed my body, I would roll my eyes at him when I turned around." Like She Ziqing, Zhang Xiuhong has gradually learned how to protect herself from the Japanese.She met a Japanese, "He said to me, you are not a boy, you are a girl, fortress Gusaigu (intimate). I said I will slap you on the mouth, you see if I am a boy. He laughed The more frightened you are, the more unlucky you are." As the Japanese army gradually withdrew from the urban area, Japanese businessmen and fleeing civilians entered Nanjing one after another.At this time, the sale of opium and soil has been legalized, and the opium den with the signboard of "Official Land" opened. Some people were drunk and dreamed of death here, and some people committed suicide by taking poison after spending all their savings. The surviving people in Nanjing seem to see little hope.Zhang Xiuhong continued to be a boy helplessly, and She Ziqing's small business was only enough for him to eat.Although the days of resignation to fate are difficult, in people's eyes, Nanjing is still Nanjing after all, born here, raised here, and will grow old here.To live is to hope. On the evening of August 10, 1945, two technicians from Nanjing's "Central Broadcasting Station" overheard the news from Chongqing that the Japanese military had formally submitted the instrument of surrender to the Allied forces.Taking advantage of the absence of the Japanese supervisor, they suddenly interrupted the Japanese and puppet broadcasts. A few seconds later, the news that Japan was about to surrender resounded over Nanjing. The city of Nanjing suddenly became chaotic.The Japanese soldiers began to cry and drink heavily, while most of the common people hid in their homes fearing that the news was false.It was not until five days later that the Japanese government officially announced its unconditional surrender that the people of Nanjing believed that victory had really arrived. How many people have mixed feelings, how many people cry with joy, how many people want to cry but have no tears. The Chinese troops who took over the prisoners of war entered Nanjing.Hisao Tani was sentenced to death.She Ziqing recalled: "When he was shot, the big truck he was riding in drove very slowly, and we chased and scolded him." Other Japanese POWs awaiting trial were assigned to labor across the city.A group of prisoners of war were arranged to dig the Qinhuai River. People on the bank often watched and scolded them. When children threw stones at them, they dared not retaliate or fight back. "How dare you be fierce? If you are fierce, someone will beat you. Everyone thinks this is what they deserve." She Ziqing said. However, the kind-hearted Chinese have managed to repay grievances with virtue.Xiong Xiufang, who was still a girl back then, remembers that some prisoners of war were punished to sweep the floor. After a long time, they looked pitiful. Some old ladies poured a large bowl of boiling water for them to drink, and some old ladies even pulled the prisoners aside to give him food.The Japanese were moved, and some even knelt down to express their gratitude. Although the Japanese businessmen who had settled in Nanjing were not imprisoned, they did not dare to return to Japan. Many people worried that Japan would be bombed again by the US military.Wu Dianfei saw that some desperate Japanese exchanged their watches and even their shoes for biscuits and deep-fried dough sticks. A few days after the victory, firecrackers rang out near She Ziqing's home to greet her—his neighbor married a Japanese wife.She Ziqing said that in everyone's impression, Japanese women are virtuous, docile, and fertile, so many Nanjing men married Japanese women at that time, especially the drivers who rode tricycles and pulled rickshaws. On May 5, 1946, the National Government was still in Nanjing. Three years later, the People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing.She Ziqing ended her life of hawking on the street, became a train driver, married a wife and had children, and lived a stable life. The days passed day by day, this year, Zhang Xiuhong was 23 years old, according to the habits of the year, she was already past the age of talking about marriage.Zhang Xiuhong's family was in a hurry, and asked people everywhere to help her introduce her partner. Zhang Xiuhong only saw the appearance of her partner on the day of her wedding. Before marriage, Zhang Xiuhong was very worried that her partner would mind her experience of being raped by the Japanese.She heard from her parents that the subject's family was killed by the Japanese, and he also narrowly escaped death. "He sympathized with me, and I sympathized with him. After we got married, the two of us never quarreled, and the old man forgave me for everything." Zhang Xiuhong's married life is very happy.She said that people who have also experienced the Holocaust can understand each other better and know how to cherish each other. "Because of the old injury of my lower body, we had few intercourse, so I only gave birth to one child. It took four or five days to give birth to this one." During Zhang Xiuhong's four or five days of giving birth, her husband was by her side all the time. "Poor thing, he was crying there too. I pushed him and told him to go, and I said don't look at me." The husband didn't go away.In fact, they never left each other, not even death could separate them. "My old man said, you live a good life for me. After I leave, you have to live a better life for me. The old man has been dead for sixteen or seventeen years, and I live alone. My son told me to go, but I didn't go. .” The old man sat quietly by the bed and did the work in his hands.The husband smiled and watched in the photo, just like before. Many Japanese people went to Zhang Xiuhong's home to apologize to her, to what she called "us". "They are guilty, they are wrong, I say wrong." The old man emphasized the word "wrong".The kind old man left room for the perpetrators to reflect and correct. "What's the main thing now? If these young people in Japan want to reconcile with China, the older generation will forget it." With a single "forget it", the older generation just passed that period of suffering. Wu Dianfei has been at home after retirement.She Ziqing became a volunteer lecturer at the Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders.Zhang Xiuhong still lives alone. In 2000, Xia Shuqin sued a Japanese right-wing writer who questioned her identity as a witness of the Nanjing Massacre, and won the case in 2004.Also in 2004, Li Xiuying died at the age of 86.In the winter of the first year, she rang the "Peace Bell" at the "66th Anniversary Ceremony to Commemorate the 300,000 Compatriots Killed in the Nanjing Massacre and the Nanjing International Peace Day Rally". On November 22, 1937, some Westerners who stayed in Nanjing decided to establish a "Nanjing Safety Zone" to provide refuge for Chinese refugees.They established the "Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee" and elected John Rabe, the representative of Siemens in Nanjing, as the chairman.The Nanjing Safety Zone is centered on the seat of the US embassy in China and church institutions such as Jinling University and Jinling Women's College of Arts and Sciences, covering an area of ​​about 3.86 square kilometers. The Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee has 26 refugee camps, 25 of which are in the safety zone.During the months-long massacre after the Japanese army entered the city, there were 250,000 people in the safe zone, and the maximum number of refugees directly managed by the refugee camp was 70,000. At the end of January 1938, the Japanese army forced the refugees in the safe zone to return home. On February 18, the Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee was forced to change its name to "Nanjing International Relief Committee", and the last batch of refugee camps were forced to close in May of that year. excerpt December 14, 1937: Driving through the city, we realize the enormity of the damage.The car would run over corpses every one or two hundred meters, and those were the corpses of civilians.I checked, and the bullet was shot from behind, and it is likely that ordinary people were killed from behind while fleeing. December 16: I drove to Xiaguan to inspect the power plant, and Zhongshan North Road was full of dead bodies... In front of the city gate, corpses were piled up like a hill... Killing was everywhere, some in the military barracks in front of the Ministry of Defense.The machine guns kept ringing. December 17: It is almost true that the safe zone has been turned into a brothel for the Japanese.Last night, about 1,000 girls and women were raped, and more than 100 girls were raped in Jinling Women's College of Arts and Sciences alone. December 22: When clearing the safe zone, we found that many civilians were shot and killed in the ponds. In one of the ponds, there were 30 dead bodies. Most of them had their hands tied, and some had stones tied around their necks. . December 24: I went to the basement where the corpses were kept...a commoner's eyeballs were burned out...the whole head was scorched...Japanese soldiers poured gasoline on his head. December 25: The Japanese order every refugee to register in person, and to do so within 10 days...200,000!what to do?A whole group of young and strong men had been pulled out, and their fate was either slave labor or death.There are also whole batches of young women being pulled out because a huge military brothel is to be set up. Just after the Nanjing Massacre, Smith, a professor of American sociology at Jinling University, conducted an extensive social survey of Nanjing and surrounding counties with the main purpose of social relief; after the war, the Nationalist Government conducted a special survey to investigate the war losses.The results of two surveys show that in the Nanjing Massacre, more than 97% of the victims were civilians, the proportion of male victims was much higher than that of women, and the proportion of rural women killed was higher than that of urban women.80% to 90% of the victims were between 20 and 60 years old, and in rural areas, more than 20% of the victims were elderly people over 60 years old.

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