Chapter 6 Chapter Four
On the afternoon of March 18, 2000, under the leadership of Mao Qinghua, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Dongguan Municipal Party Committee and director of the Municipal Civilization Office, the author interviewed Qiaozi Village, Changping Town.Zhang Chong, member of the Changping Town Party Committee, Secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection, and Lu Jinping from the Propaganda Office introduced the situation of Changping Town and Qiaozi Village to the author.Changping Town has a total population of 60,000 people and 200,000 migrants.Qiaozi Village is located in the west of Changping Town, covering an area of 1.95 square kilometers. Currently, Qiaozi Village is called Qiaozi Management Area, with a permanent population of more than 11,000.
The reason why the author chose Qiaozi Village in Dongguan City is because the author has a soft spot for a historical figure.
His name is Zhou Dunyi, and he is the ancestor of the people in today's Shisanqiaozi Village.
"Ai Lian Shuo" written by Zhou Dunyi is a famous poem that the author often recites. Yiqing, a graceful and clean plant, can be seen from a distance but not played with obscene sentences. It is often recited silently, which can cultivate one's morality and make one feel refreshed and detached.
Zhou Dunyi's contribution is not only in literature, he is also an original philosopher and a well-known master of Neo Confucianism.On the uplifted cultural and philosophical mountains of the Tang and Song Dynasties, there should be a steep peak of Zhou Dunyi.His works "Tai Chi Diagram" and "Tong Shu" regard the universe itself as the infinite, explore the Chinese nation's thoughts to the deep and distant celestial bodies, and inquire and identify the material and spiritual levels.He said that the essence of the universe is infinite, or it is called Taiji, Yin and Yang are born from Taiji, the five elements are born from the changes of Yin and Yang, male and female are born from the five elements, and all things are born from the fusion of male and female.This kind of metaphysical theory has at least enriched the spiritual level of our nation and given us many useful comparisons.These theories of Zhou Dunyi are not groundless. His theories are obviously influenced by Zhou Yi, Lao Zhuang, and the Five Elements of the Han Dynasty. And Zhu Xi further developed and integrated the theories of Zhou and Er Cheng, and became a master.However, if we go back to the source, Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism is still inseparable from the influence of Zhou Dunyi's thinking.
Zhou Dunyi's heavy thoughts are for future generations to taste and chew, and his personal demeanor during his lifetime is also remarkable in dealing with people, cultivating sentiments, and cultivating his family.
Zhou Dunyi is the great-grandson of Zhou Congyuan.He was born in Loutian Village, Dao County, Hunan Province, in the first year of Song Tianxi (1017-1073).He has been an official for 30 years and successively served in Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong and other places.In his early years, he was an official worshiper of Dali Temple, which is equivalent to the current position of the president of the Supreme People's Court of the country.After Zhou Dunyi's death, he was conferred by the imperial court many times. In the ninth year of Jiading of Ningzong of Song Dynasty, he was granted the posthumous title of Duke Yuan.Even after the Song Dynasty, until the sixth year of Yuan Renzong's extension, he was also named the Duke of Dao, which shows his status in the hearts of the feudal rulers at that time.
Zhou Dunyi wrote "Ai Lian Shuo" not because of sudden interest or occasional feeling, but because he was writing about himself, his life pursuit, and his plain, indifferent, transparent and flawless life course.The reason why he loves lotus deeply is that he doesn't think it is deeply rooted in mud, and he doesn't pay attention to his origin, because it flashes the splendor of life in the dark background, and creates the miracle of life in despair.This is a hymn in praise of life.And Zhou Dunyi's real reference can only be known by reading the entire "Ai Lian Shuo".He said that since Li Tang, the world has loved peonies very much, but the reason for the burden of peonies lies in Li Tang. From Li Tang to Zhao Song, the rich and powerful gradually became fashionable, which affected the world.Since the Tang Dynasty, peonies have been hailed as the national flower, and the rich and powerful have rushed to buy them at high prices.When we were talking about peonies together, we went to buy flowers together...a cluster of dark flowers, a gift from ten households.This kind of extravagant life was passed down to the Song Dynasty, and it still became the fashion pursuit of the rich and powerful. Zhou Dunyi only loved the lotus growing in the mud in this background. This mud is no longer the mud of nature, nor the mud of his background. But the officialdom is muddy.Under such circumstances, Zhou Dunyi was able to stand alone in the world, noble and extraordinary, blooming like a lotus flower, emerging from mud but not stained, clean and clear but not demonic, straight from the center to the outside, not spreading or branching, the fragrance is far and clear, perfect It expresses the standard image of his ideal feudal scholar-bureaucrat.
Zhou Dunyi was an upright official, he did not flatter the rich and powerful, he did not fear cruel officials, he clearly resolved prison cases, and took it as his own responsibility to clear up grievances.According to volume 427 of "History of the Song Dynasty", some prisoners died improperly according to the law, and the transfer made Wang Kui want to deal with him deeply.Kui, a cruel official, no one dares to fight.Dun Yi argued with him alone, but he didn't listen, so he handed over his hand and abandoned his official position.Kui Wu, the prisoner is exempted.Therefore, Zhou Dunyi was deeply loved by the common people, but criticized by the powerful.Huang Tingjian commented on him: He has a very high character, and his mind is free and easy, like the wind and the moon.Zhou Dunyi, who is as glorious as the wind and the moon, left articles that have been passed down through the ages, and his self-discipline spirit of being independent and self-discipline has also been passed on to his descendants as a legacy.
People and scholars in feudal society have certain standards of self-cultivation, especially those who are in politics. Since the time of Confucius, they have advocated self-cultivation to comfort the people.The respect for the five beauties mentioned by Confucius has the meaning of spiritual civilization.The so-called five beauties are benefit without waste, labor without complaint, desire without food, prosperity without arrogance, and power without violence.Confucius said, to do things that are beneficial to the interests of the people is to benefit without cost; to choose those who can work, and no one will complain; to let those who pursue benevolence realize themselves, and there will be no greed; No matter how big or small one can be peaceful but not arrogant, it is peaceful but not arrogant; serious and dignified, people are afraid of it, it is majestic but not fierce.According to a series of propositions of Confucius, later generations developed it into a complete cultivation theory of righteousness, sincerity, self-cultivation, family harmony, state governance, and peace of the world, which had a great influence on future generations.
Confucius' teachings have gradually been accepted by the world. After thousands of years of supplementation and revision by some thinkers, they gradually entered the blood of the nation, forming the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, and passed down like genes.
A scholar named Guo Qijia said the following about the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation:
Respect for morality and morality: Respect for morality, pursuit of moral value, and emphasis on moral education are the first virtues of the Chinese nation.The basic spirit of respecting morality and morality is to emphasize the distinction between humans and animals, to highlight the dignity of human beings, and to take virtue as the root of the difference between humans and animals.
Self-discipline and self-cultivation: Chinese people attach great importance to personality cultivation, form a subjective moral spirit of inward exploration, and regard self-cultivation as the fundamental.
Benevolence and love: This is the most distinctive part of the virtues of the Chinese nation.The core of benevolence is loving people, that is, valuing people, respecting people, sympathizing with people, and caring for people.In family life, benevolence is based on filial piety. Fathers are kind and sons are filial, brothers and brothers are respectful, forming a strong family relationship, which plays an extremely important role in family relations and thus the stability of Chinese society.And then formed a social custom of respecting the old and loving the young.Integrity is good manners: Based on sincerity, the Chinese have formed many related virtues, such as treating people with sincerity, loyalty to career, loyalty to love, etc., and the pursuit of inner light and sincerity.
Loyalty to serve the country: patriotism has always been regarded as a great festival by the Chinese people, advocating integrity and emphasizing sentiment, which has cultivated the Chinese people's sense of justice and concept of right and wrong, and formed the awe-inspiring righteousness of the nation.
The world is for the public: The Chinese nation has cultivated a group spirit due to the family-based social structure and the tradition of ethical culture, and on this basis, the harmonious coexistence of the family spirit is the primary value orientation, and then expanded to the entire country.The Chinese have always regarded the world as the public, self-denial and devotion to the public as their values and ideals.
Control profit with righteousness: The fundamental characteristics and value orientation of morality as a person are the essence of the moral spirit of the Chinese nation. moral pursuit.
Self-improvement: It is a quality of self-transcendence and continuous improvement, which embodies a willpower of indomitable and tenacious struggle.
All kinds of virtues are integrated into the blood of the black-haired and yellow-skinned Chinese, and they have become the foundation of their existence.Taking Qiaozi Village as an example, these descendants of Zhou Dunyi, from the experience of one of their families, can see how meaningful the long-standing traditional spirit is.
In the 100 years after Zhou Dunyi's death, the Song Dynasty was in danger of subjugation.Just when his great-grandson Zhou Zhiqing was born in 1114, this year was the moment when a minority ethnic group in the north broke into Chinese history for the first time.Just in September of this year, Aguda of the Jurchen Wanyan Tribe led his troops against the Liao Dynasty. Only 13 years later, this northern storm destroyed Bianliang, the capital of the Song Dynasty. The concubine snatched away all the astronomy, calendar calculation, yin and yang, numeracy, military art, history, literary classics, state capital maps, etc. hidden in the Song Dynasty, filled 1,500 carts, and pulled them all the way to Huining Mansion, the capital of the Kingdom of Jin.After that, Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor, which was the Southern Song Dynasty.For the next hundred years, the small imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty was always in turmoil, and its subjects were even more panic-stricken all day long.Just when Jin Bing once again invaded the hometown of the Zhou family in Lianxi, Jiangxi, Zhou Zhiqing and his family moved from Jiangxi to Nanxiong, Guangdong.At that time, Zhou Zhiqing's official position was Zhengqianhu, and he worked in Renzhou.In his later years, he settled in Panyu.
Zhou Xuanji, the youngest son of Zhou Zhiqing, later moved to Dali Town, Changping, Dongguan, and became the ancestor of the Zhou surname in Changping.
Zhou Xuanji has only one son, Zhou Songwei. It is said that he is eager to learn and capable of writing, with a heart of benevolence and filial piety.It's just that during this period, there were frequent national disasters, the rise of the Mongolian nation in the north, and the invasion of the Southern Song Dynasty after the Jin Dynasty was destroyed.In Zhou Songwei's later years, when the country was in dire straits, he had 9 sons. Because of the patriotic inheritance of the ancestors, he was bound to rebel against the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, one son was killed, and the other 8 sons fled and hid in Dongguan, Boluo, Zhongshan and other places.Zhou Songwei's four sons did not flee far away, but chose Xianxilang (that is, today's Gangzi and Qiaozi are collectively called Wuxia?) to settle down and become the ancestor of Wuxia. It was the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, 730 years ago.
Zhou Songwei's fourth son is called Zhou Ku.Zhou Ku gave birth to four more sons, the third son Zhou Demao, and the elder Zhou Zhou Dexiang later went to Kengwei and Hangkou villages in Dongguan.
The word Qiaozi means father and son.This is a strong and affectionate word.
If counting from Zhou Derui, the ancestor of Qiaozi, it has been 730 years.Today's Qiaozi population has multiplied to five or six thousand people.Due to the large number of people in this village and the lack of land, from the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, some bold Qiaozi people went out of their homes to develop domestically and abroad.When they went there empty-handed, they just carried the genealogy handed down from their ancestors in their arms, and kept the teachings of their ancestors in their hearts, so they braved the wind and rain and went to a place farther than the horizon.According to incomplete statistics, there are currently about 3,000 to 4,000 people living abroad in Qiaozi Village. Some of them have gone to Hong Kong, some have gone to Southeast Asia, and some have lived in the United States, Canada, Australia, Chile and other countries.Qiaozi Village is a veritable hometown of overseas Chinese.It is said that there are more Qiaozi people outside than at home.
Qiaozi has a population of 2,100 people, most of whom make a living from farming. This all-surnamed Zhou family, the descendants of Zhou Dunyi, who used to pass on family etiquette, love, benevolence and righteousness, has undergone thousands of years of changes. The place took root and lived a peaceful life as a farmer.Their ancestors taught them to value principles over desires, righteousness over profit, public affairs and personal interests, and advocated that people should strictly demand themselves, cultivate noble sentiments, and encourage everyone to be a saint. In Fangtang, in the hearts of farmers.They lived a life of real grassroots without contending with the world.Poor and simple, loving writing and lofty, this is the people of Qiaozi.
The author came to the Qiaozi management area. There is a huge archway in the village. There is a couplet written on both sides of the archway: Longyan Lianxi Lianshui Zhongling 100,000 Li and Tudi Guanqiao Zifengming Qixiu Qishan Shaosheng 3000 years of cultural relics People love Lianhua Bridge and Zi people use lotus as their flag, and lotus has become the totem of their hearts.Some people love the lotus, but they just look at the flowers from a fleeting moment, while Qiaozi people taste the lotus with their lives. Their lives seem to have integrated some characteristics and characteristics of the lotus, and the essence of the lotus is scattered in every Qiaozi person. heart.
Qiaozi Village has always been known far and wide as a poor village due to its large population and lack of land.Suffering has really eroded a tribe of poets and books, knocking down their original elegance and style, and turned them into real gentlemen. From the outside, Qiaozi people are no different from mountain peasants anywhere in southern Guangdong.In the 1960s, people here only went to other places as migrant workers and sold their labor to earn money. From the mid-1960s to the late 1970s, the whole village could only rely on burning bricks and tiles as the source of income for agriculture.The people of Qiaozi Village are extremely poor.
But Qiao Zi is still the descendant of Zhou Dunyi. Although their clothes are ragged, their skin is rough and their joints are thick, but under their rough appearance, everyone still has the tide of respect and respect in their hearts, revealing their uniqueness.
Since the Qing Dynasty alone, there have been 5 Qiaozi people who have been elected or Jinshi.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, most people living in Qiaozi took the road of doing business and taking the imperial examination, and there were hundreds of people with a university degree or above who completed their studies abroad.
Especially now, Qiaozi people have changed from poor to rich. After getting rich, Qiaozi people still use the lotus flower as their flag, and pay more attention to internal cultivation, cultural self-cultivation, and poetic life.Now, there are libraries, exhibition halls, theaters, and activity rooms here, with a total investment of 16 million yuan.In addition, there is a comprehensive tabloid "Qiaozi Newsletter". Since its establishment in 1991, hundreds of issues have been issued, and the circulation of each issue is about 2,000 copies, which has exerted a good influence at home and abroad.Qiaozi people also founded the Lotus Poetry Club and the Yinxiang Poetry Club. They once exhibited the poetry, calligraphy and painting works of the members of the Poetry Club in the lobby of Zhou's ancestral hall.The Lianhua Poetry Club mainly writes ancient poems. Most of the members are middle-aged and elderly. They pursue ancient meanings in the breeze and moon after tea and dinner. What you said is wonderful.A few pruning bamboos, a pot of clear tea, three or two shadows, a few long chants, if you say something about Lianyuan Township’s Qinglian Shui Xue, he’ll chant, right, to Yiju chant under the moon before the flowers come out, this picture is like a poet’s poet’s chant Yuntu, who would have thought that he was a real mountain villager.Zhou Dunyi advocated that everyone should be holy, but unexpectedly, he took the lead in flashing a moving outline among his descendants.The Xiangxiang Poetry Society is another graceful expression. Most of the members are young girls of cardamom age, just like Daiyu's age when she buried flowers, but their bodies are much plumper and fitter than Daiyu.Although most of them are young women working in other places, and occasionally have a sense of wandering under the fence, but in general they are much better than Daiyu. They rely on their own labor and have independent and free personalities, so they are better than Daiyu. Jade happiness.Now, they express this happiness and occasional melancholy very euphemistically, like a soft sigh floating on the hill full of flowers, which makes people feel slightly trembling happy associations.Probably quite a few local lads were hit by this happy bullet and became captives of poets, so they have been listening to them all their lives, listening to their eternal expressions.
Qiaozi people just want to express their happiness, so they have held many poems and essays and couplet activities.For example, they held the "Ai Lian Shuo" post-reading essay solicitation activity, so that modern people and ancient sentiments can be infiltrated together, and then new sprouts will sprout.This is a tender and strong new shoot, which will bear magnificent and wonderful flowers in the future, and will bear heavy fruits of thought.It is said that "Ai Lian Shuo" received five or six hundred manuscripts in one call, and they selected 30 of them to win the prize.After the solicitation of essays, the management area compiled 100 excellent articles into "Let the Lotus Fragrance Float in the Garden" and published a book with a print run of 2,000 copies, which was distributed to the Zhou surname family at home and abroad, and once again let the fragrance of the lotus spread all over the world...
Qiaozi people have preserved many traditional customs of the Chinese nation with great passion.With the reform and opening up, while vigorously developing the economy, Qiaozi people lost no time in finding their own spiritual needs.For example, there are dragon and lion dances, fireworks, lantern races, ancestor worship at Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival rice dumplings, Mid-Autumn moon cakes, September Double Ninth Festival and other festivals. Every festival is actually a trip to Chinese feelings, which is the most unique among Chinese people. Chinese language is a sacrifice to the national soul and an invisible education of China's national conditions.We have seen this scene on TV more than once: every Chinese festival, whether it is the Chinese community in the United States or under the Eiffel Tower in France, there are Chinese people waving dragons and lions enjoying the carnival.This is the universal language of the Chinese. As long as there are dragons and lions, it is equivalent to hearing the shouts and singing of the Chinese.As long as they dance the dragon and lion, it shows their longing for the motherland thousands of miles away, and their deep affection for the motherland.As long as the Chinese people see the dragon and lion in their hands, it is like seeing a signal of safety, and they know that they have taken root and have a bright future.How many Chinese complexes are conveyed in the dragons and lions they wave, and how firm and tenacious Chinese spirit is condensed.However, during the Cultural Revolution, things like dragon and lion dances were forcibly classified as alternatives and had to be eliminated. How stupid it is to think about it!But now the people of Qiaozi raise them up again, making their ordinary life more exciting.
For example, the Lantern Festival held by people in Qiaozi every year has become a well-known brand in the village.During the Lantern Festival, they show movies, set off fireworks, put on lights, guess riddles, perform programs, and perform dragon and lion dances, etc., which can attract tens of thousands of people to watch.
Zhou Huaju, Secretary of the Party Committee of Changping Town, said: Chairman Mao once said that foreign things serve China, and ancient times serve the present. We can develop this saying.Let’s start with serving the past for the present, treating national traditions and national culture, especially those festivals that are full of Chinese integrity, have educational significance, or are rich in human nature. They need to be repackaged.Now our country is crowded with many foreign festivals, such as Christmas, Valentine's Day, April Fool's Day, etc. This is also a new situation since the reform and opening up.Seriously analyze how foreign festivals can squeeze into the Chinese market?I think there are several reasons. First, foreign festivals are more suitable for the spiritual needs of human beings. Second, they are more suitable for the consumption psychology of urban people, especially young people, under the condition of market economy.However, the elements of our festival culture are relatively single and monotonous, biased towards politics and groups, and lack in individuality and richness.These should arouse our attention.The so-called culture, the so-called civilization, are all embodied in various forms, and festivals are also very important. Why can't our festivals be spread to foreign countries, especially Western countries, when foreign energy festivals are spread to our country?Therefore, we must re-understand the meaning of traditional festivals, and consider it in the category of spiritual civilization, work hard to package it, give it a new meaning, and then let him travel across the ocean to foreign countries to promote our spiritual civilization, This is called foreign use.
Zhou Huaju, with fair skin and gentle manners, coupled with a pair of glasses, gives people a very bookish look.When listening to his speech, except that he is good at asking for advice, he is basically a speaker at an academic report meeting.Before coming to Changping Town, he was the deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Dongguan Municipal Party Committee.The author has had a relationship with him on three sides.
For the first time, the author was invited by a leader of the Dongguan Municipal Party Committee and met him when he visited the Lin Zexu Memorial Hall in Humen.At that time, it was the beginning of the reform and opening up, and Dongguan was at the forefront. People from Hong Kong and Taiwan often came here for sightseeing, and it was often fashionable to go southeast in the mainland.So I joined the ranks.I remember that there happened to be a Hong Kong cultural and art delegation visiting, and the city leaders brought us together because it was convenient for them to accompany them. Probably Zhou Huaju was a staff member of the Propaganda Department and came to participate in the reception work. In this way, we got to know each other.The first conversation was not much, and the impression was not deep, just exchanging business cards with each other.The second time, the author accepted the invitation of CCTV to participate in the writing of a large-scale feature film and came to Dongguan. The reception happened to be the propaganda of the Municipal Party Committee. At this time, Zhou was already the deputy director of the propaganda department.This time, because of our friendship last time, we talked more. We know that he is in the hometown of overseas Chinese, and many members of his family are overseas. He will soon go abroad to develop.What impressed me deeply was his calmness and calmness.A government official with an overseas background, why can he still work meticulously?There is such a big contrast between the meager income on the one hand and the rich income on the other, why does he have such patience?This kind of thought disappeared after a flash. When I came to Dongguan again this time and thought of Lao Zhou wearing glasses again, I thought that he must be somewhere abroad at this time. It is said that he is in Guam in the United States. Become the big boss.Unexpectedly, I met him unexpectedly this time in Changping Town, not far from Qiaozi, and knowing that he is also a descendant of Zhou Dunyi, and it is precisely because he is a descendant of Zhou that he did not forget the ancestral precepts and gave up going abroad. With the idea of development, he returned to his hometown and was determined to make his own contribution to the development of Changping Town.
Zhou Huaju said a lot, but what shocked me was the following sentence: Since the history of Qiaozi, for more than 700 years, people with the surname Zhou have been officials, and there is not a single corrupt official. …