Chapter 56 Chapter 24 Cosmic Knowledge Lesson

He invited everyone to sit down, but of course they could only sit on the floor. Croubney announced loudly to the air: "I, at latitude 99°59'45", invite everyone in the world to have lunch with us. " All of them have entered the state.Their minds were already dominated by the idea of ​​entering the North Pole.And this grand idea is enough to make them ignore the death they must face on the way to conquer.This trek to conquer the North Pole will be one of the world's greatest feats. At the request of his companions, the doctor poured out his scientific knowledge about the universe and the North Pole.Earlier, the doctor suggested a toast to the captain.This made everyone enthusiastic.

"Happy John Hatteras!" exclaimed the doctor. "Congratulations for Hatteras!" Everyone echoed in unison. "Caring for the North Pole!" the captain responded.The tone of this usually reserved and reticent captain was full of extraordinary passion and excitement.The desire to conquer the North Pole has completely taken over his body and mind. "Dry it!" "Dry it!" The crisp clashing sounds of the glasses came and went.People's hands are tightly held together. "Attention everyone," said the doctor, "this expedition will be the most glorious event in the history of geography. Its significance far exceeds the discovery of Africa and Australia. Hatteras, this honor will be entirely due to you. Your name will be listed before Stuart, Livingston, Burton and Bart."

"Doctor, your words are quite correct. Judging from the difficulty of conquering the North Pole, the North Pole is indeed the highest peak in the history of earth exploration." Altamon also said with the same feeling, "In the past, the government was eager to understand Central Africa, and the explorers Material rewards and honors are given. Nearly insurmountable obstacles must be overcome if this expedition to conquer the North Pole is to succeed." "Insurmountable! No!" Hatteras took over excitedly, "There is no insurmountable obstacle, nothing can't be conquered, it's just that there is a strong will and a weak will!"

"Finally, we're at the North Pole, which is so exciting," Johnson interjected. "My dear Mr. Crowburn, may I ask you what are the properties of the North Pole?" "Of course, my brave Johnson. The North Pole is the point on the globe where all other points move at extreme speed and it alone stands still." "However, I don't feel at all whether it is more static here than in Liverpool!" Johnson replied. "You don't get a deeper sense of movement here than you do in Liverpool; it means that to make a comparison between the two places, you have to participate in the movement or stillness yourself! The answer is the clear twenty-four hour rotation of the earth, and it is conceivable that the movement At the two ends of the axis are the North and South poles. We are then at the apex of this axis of absolute stillness."

"Is it fair to say that we are at rest while our fellow men run fast?" Bell interjected. "Relatively, because we haven't reached the pole yet!" "You are very correct, doctor!" Hatteras nodded in agreement in a serious tone, "It still takes 45" to be considered as truly standing on the pole of the North Pole! " "That difference is nothing?" said Altamon. "We can think of it as stationary." "Yes, and at this moment the inhabitants of all points on the equator turn 396 nautical miles per hour!" The doctor replied.

"This must be the hardest!" Bell replied. "Exactly!" replied the doctor. "But does the earth revolve around the sun in addition to its rotation?" Johnson asked. "Yes, once a year." "Is the revolution faster than the rotation?" Bell asked. "Infinity times faster. I should point out that although we are at the North Pole, it carries us around, like all the inhabitants of the Earth. So our talking stillness is nothing but an illusion: relative to other points on the Earth, True; but relative to the sun, stillness is impossible."

"Good!" Bell said in a humorous tone, "I thought I was so peaceful! It seems that I have to give up this illusion! Finally, in this world, there is no moment of peace." "You're right, Bell," Johnson interposed. "Mr. Crowburn, can you tell us the speed of this revolution?" "That's a considerable amount," replied the doctor. "The speed of the earth's revolution around the sun is seventy-six times faster than that of a round cannonball of the Type 24 at 195 meters per second. Therefore , and its revolution speed is 7.6 knots per second; you see, it is nothing compared with the displacement of points on the equator."

"My God! It's unbelievable, Mr. Croubney!" Bell said. "Over seven knots a second, and easily held still if need be!" "There, Bell! How do you feel," asked Altamon, "more days, nights, longer springs, summers, autumns, and winters!" "But a simple and scary result was missed!" the doctor continued. "What?" Johnson asked. "We're going to be thrown into the sun!" "Fall into the sun!" Bell asked in surprise. "There is no doubt about it. If the revolution were to stop, the earth would be thrown towards the sun in sixty-four and a half days."

"Sixty-four and a half days of falling!" Johnson put in. "No more, no less," replied the doctor, "for there is still a distance of thirty-eight million nautical miles to be covered." "What is the weight of the earth?" asked Altamon. "It's 5,881,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 billion tons." "This huge astronomical number is really hard to remember! It's hard to understand!" Johnson said. "In this way, I will give you a visual comparison, and you will easily remember, my Johnson. Remember, the sum of the weights of seventy-six moons is equal to the weight of one earth, and the weight of three hundred and fifty thousand earths is equal to one sun weight."

"What a disparity!" said Altamon. "Very different, that's the truth," said the doctor. "I'm going back to the North Pole, and this part of the cosmology about the Earth is wonderful! If that doesn't bother you." "Doctor, please, Doctor, go on!" "I have already said that when you are interested and eager to learn, I am very happy to give my best. We just said that the North Pole is stationary relative to all other points on the earth. This may not be entirely true. " "What!" Bell asked, "is there anything else that needs to be added?"

"Yes, Bell. The North Pole has not always been in exactly the same place; the North Star was once farther from the pole of the sky than it is now. Our North Pole also makes a certain rotation, but it only takes about two thousand and six hundred years to make one revolution. It depends on the precession, which I'll get to next." "However, is it possible for the North Pole to make a greater rotation in the future?" Altamon asked. "Here! my dear Altamon," replied the doctor, "you have raised a difficult question which has long remained unsolved by scholars, especially after a curious discovery." "Which discovery?" "That's right. In 1771, a rhino carcass was found on the coast of the Ice Sea, and in 1799, an elephant carcass was found on the coast of Siberia. How could these two quadruped carcasses from tropical countries be found at the same latitude? Since then, there has been an uproar among geologists until a brilliant French scholar, Eli Bermont, argued eloquently with evidence that these animals lived in higher latitudes and that flooded rivers carried their carcasses to them where it was discovered. However, these arguments have never been published, and guess what the academics have conjured up?" "Scholars are always brilliant." Altamon replied with a smile. "Yes, they racked their brains in order to decipher a phenomenon. They assumed that in the past the North Pole was at the equator, and the equator was at the North Pole." "Ok!" "If what I have described is true, then the earth would have shrunk at least five miles at the North Pole, and would have drifted to the sea at the new equator by centrifugal force, and would be covered with twice as many peaks as the Himalayas; all the countries circling the North Pole Regions such as Sweden, Norway, the Soviet Union, Siberia, Greenland, and New Britain will all be submerged five miles below the sea, and the equatorial regions, thrown to the north pole, will be covered with plateaus five miles higher than they are today." "It's so unrecognizable!" Johnson commented. "Oh, the scholars are not at all surprised by all this." "How to explain this upheaval?" Altamon asked. "It was caused by the collision of comets. Comets are celestial planets. In the past, everyone turned to comets for problems in the evolution of the universe. It is the most helpful auspicious star among celestial stars. At least scholars have regarded it as a universal shield." "Then, in your opinion, Mr. Crawburn, the upheaval is impossible?" asked Johnson. "impossible!" "If possible?" "If possible, the equator will be frozen within twenty-four hours." "Ah, if the upheaval happens," Bell put in, "people will say we've never been to the North Pole!" "Relax, Bell. The stationary motion of the earth's axis results in this: If winter were in this position, we would see round stars all around us. The sun is on the vernal equinox, the twenty-third of March." , it will appear (here I ignore the refraction index) to be cut in half by the horizon, gradually forming an elongated disc curve; but, it is worth noting that when the sun rises, there will be no night, no day It will last for six months; until the autumnal equinox, that is, September 22, when the disk of the sun is gradually leveled with the horizon, once the sun disappears, it will not appear throughout the winter.” "Just now you talked about the shrinking of the earth at the North Pole," Johnson asked. "Mr. Crawford, please explain to me again." "Listen, Johnson. The earth has always been in motion. As the earth rotates, the great centrifugal force pushes some of its fluids towards the equator. Assuming the earth is stationary and moving, it should be perfectly spherical; but According to the phenomena I have just described, the earth is an ellipse, and the poles are five and a third miles closer to the axis than the points on the equator." "So, if our captain wants to take us to the axis of the earth," Johnson said vigorously. "Will we travel at least five miles less?" "As you say, my friend." "Then, captain, such a cost-effective journey! It's really a good opportunity worth cherishing..." Hatteras didn't respond.Obviously, he wasn't part of the conversation, or he didn't care what the conversation was about. "Exactly!" echoed the doctor. "Some experts think this might be a worthwhile adventure." "Yeah! Really!" Johnson responded. "Let me finish now," went on the doctor, "we will talk about exploration later; I want to tell you that the oblateness of the earth's poles is caused by precession, and that if the earth were perfectly round, it would have moved a little earlier. The day enters the vernal equinox. This is due to the reverse thrust of the earth's gravitational force on the raised equatorial part. Subsequently, it also causes a slight displacement of the North Pole, as we have discussed before. , more subjective factors, with mathematical talent, we will be able to reveal its secrets." "You mean?" Bell asked. "We weigh more here than in Liverpool." "heavier?" "Yes! Us, dogs, guns, instruments!" "how is this possible?" "Of course, there are two reasons: first, because we are closer to the axis of the earth, we are attracted more strongly: this attraction is the force of gravity (gravity). Second, there is no earth at the North Pole. The rotational speed force, and the equator is affected by this strong force, and the objects tend to be thrown away from the earth, so the weight is relatively light." "What! We really have different weights in different regions?" Johnson asked. "No, Johnson. According to Newton's universal gravitation, there is an attraction between all objects. The magnitude of the attraction depends on the mass of their own matter and the distance between the objects. Here, I appear heavier because I am closer to the attraction. Center, if I am on another planet, then the weight will vary with the mass of the planet." "What! If in the moon?..." Bell asked. "If I weighed 200 pounds in Liverpool, then I will only weigh 32 pounds in the moon." "And on the sun?" "Ah, on the sun, I will weigh more than five thousand catties!" "My God!" Bell exclaimed, "it takes a jack to lift your legs?" "Of course!" The doctor smiled and said to Bell's surprised expression; "the gap here is not obvious. If you are on the sun, Bell can easily jump onto Moriset with the force equivalent to the muscles of his legs." pier." "Oh! But that's on the sun? We can't go up there." Bell replied. "My friend," said the doctor earnestly, "the point is that we are fine here, and there is no need to go to another planet." "What you just said might be worth exploring on the Earth's axis. Has no one ever planned such an expedition?" asked Altamon. "Of course, the Arctic expeditions we can do are proof of that. Science fiction and hypotheses are everywhere. The ancients, with a severe lack of cosmic knowledge, thought that the North Pole was an Esperine land that people displaced. In the Middle Ages, people imagined that the earth was placed on the poles. But when people found that comets rotate freely at the poles, they had to give up the hypothesis of this support shaft. Later, the French astronomer Bailey insisted that it was discovered by Platon, Atlanteans called 'the lost civilizations' lived in the North Pole. Today, in our time, it is assumed that there are great exits at the poles from which the Northern Lights come and from which one can enter the Earth's The interior; later, Prutton and Proserpin proposed the idea that there are two planets in the hollow of the earth's sphere, and the strong pressure inside produces a light source." "So many conjectures?" Altamon asked. "It's all in black and white. Captain Seneth, our countryman, suggested expeditions to Humphrey David, Humboldt, and Arago, but these scholars refused." "They were right." "I believe, my friends, that the ideas of the Arctic are colorful, but sooner or later they must come back to simple truths." "Well, we'll see," replied Johnson, who held his ground. "Go on an expedition tomorrow!" The doctor looked at the doubtful old sailor with a smile. "If there is a gap leading to the center of the earth, let's go find out together!"