Chapter 7 Chapter Seven: The Unremarkable Enemy

The above are the general achievements of Comrade Wanli's more than 40 years in power. Specifically, it is struggle, struggle, and struggle. Fight against Zhang Juzheng first, and then fight against the national foundation, demon books, and stilettos. Spokespersons, ministers, and chief assistants take turns to fight these things. They are busy with these things all day long. Henan, Jiangxi and the north and south of the Yangtze River reported disasters one after another, and the documents were sent up, but they were ignored.What's even more ridiculous is that the biggest victims are not ordinary people, but officials.

During the Wanli period, if you were admitted to Jinshi, don't be happy, because you may not be an official if you are admitted. Generally speaking, in the late dynasties, there will always be a large number of corrupt officials, oppressing the people, and sharing and exploiting, but I can say responsibly that this problem was not serious during the Wanli period, because there were no officials at all. Lao Tzu once said that the best country is one in which the people do not know who the ruler is. From a certain perspective, Comrade Wanli did it. According to the previous system, the quota for the six ministries should be more than 50 people, and the quota for the Metropolitan Procuratorate should be more than 100 people.But in the thirty-fifth year of Wanli, there were only four people in the six ministries, and five of them were not in charge, and there was not even a person in charge. There were only five of the thirteen censors of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. , Doing the work of dozens of people, I was exhausted to death.

What's more terrible is that the Metropolitan Procuratorate is a supervisory agency, and it often has to inspect all over the country. Five people have to patrol thirteen provinces across the country. After traveling abroad for six years, he found a scapegoat and returned to the capital. There are only five low-level censors, but none of the high-level censors. Zuodu censors and Youdu censors are often vacant. The worst thing was still the Sixth Central Committee. At that time, there were only four ministers and deputy ministers in total.The Ministry of Rites has no minister, the Ministry of Households has only one deputy minister, and the Ministry of Industry does not even have a deputy minister, only a few doctors.

In fact, there are many candidates for Jinshi, and there are many people who want to be officials, but Comrade Wanli just refuses to approve, what can you do? The funniest thing is that even if Wanli approves and issues a letter of appointment, you will not be able to be an official. For example, in the thirty-seventh year of Wanli (1609), the imperial court couldn't stand it any longer, so it made Mr. Wanli approve the appointment certificates of hundreds of officials.But a few months passed, and no one took up the post. After checking again, I found out that the certificate was not issued at all.

Because according to the regulations, the Ministry of Officials is responsible for issuing certificates, but there is no one in this position at all, so how can a ghost issue certificates? Not to mention the bad luck of the officials, they also implicated the prisoners. By the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (1610), thousands of prisoners had been imprisoned in the prison of the Ministry of Punishment, and they had been left alone. But he was imprisoned for several years. The reason is very simple. The Minister of Criminal Affairs has retired, and no one picked up. Naturally, no one cares about this matter.

But the prisoner should still feel lucky, after all, the person who manages the food in the cell is still there. It is difficult to be an official, and it is also difficult to resign. If you finish work today, it means that I will quit tomorrow, and no one will stop you, but it may take a few years to wait for your resignation report to be approved.If you can't wait, just go, no one will hold you accountable. All in all, Wanli's government is basically anarchist. From this point of view, he should belong to anarchists. It is really not easy to think so advanced. Generally speaking, when historical materials write this paragraph, they always write vigorously, denouncing Wanli's incompetence and corruption, the government's effectiveness, and the people's lives in dire straits.

In my opinion, those who hold this view are either pretentious or ignorant. Because that is absolutely not the case.During the Wanli period, it happened to be the most economically developed period in the Ming Dynasty, and the so-called capitalism sprouted here. As for the life of ordinary people, it is really nourishing, and they can do whatever they want. In the early Ming Dynasty, they went out and asked the village for a letter of introduction.During the Wanli period, not to mention the letter of introduction, even the household registration (yellow book) is not required. If you have to be capable, no one will care about you when you go to the United States.

As for daily activities, let alone, there are no officials in many local yamen, and no one collects exorbitant taxes, corruption, and bribery. Many farmers flocked to the cities to work and became migrant workers in the Ming Dynasty. This group of people is also very free. I will work for you for a few days today, and I will work for him for a few days tomorrow. Most of the employers are bosses in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Although there are some unkind bosses who default on the wages of migrant workers, generally speaking, they still follow the rules. Over time, there are more and more people in the city, and these people are the so-called citizens. The famous citizen culture in the Ming Dynasty was born from this, and the most popular cultural reading materials for the general public are, "Sanyan" and so on.

According to the current statement, most of these books contain feudal dross, and their dissemination should be restricted, or at least write an explanation such as how many words are crossed out here, but at that time, even the government was ignored, so no one cared about this, what a rare book Floating all over the sky, unscrupulous. There is no way to wear clothes. At the time of Zhu Yuanzhang, the material and color of clothes had to be determined according to his identity. If he did not have an identity, he could not wear them. If he wore them, he would be spanked. Gender-mixed clothing appeared, that is, men wore women's clothes, painted them with makeup, made them feminine (not eunuchs), blatantly ostentatious, and became very popular.

It's okay to wear women's clothes, but what's even more shocking is that there are often some people (not a handful) who don't wear anything and walk around in the market naked, which is the so-called streaking.When I first ran, there were still people shouting, but after running for a long time, it is no surprise. As for thought, it is even more impossible to say, because Wang Shouren's mind theory spread a lot, especially the most radical Taizhou school, which is so crazy, what Confucius and Mencius, the three cardinal principles and five constant principles are all "fart" and "false Taoism". , to overthrow all authority, to despise all norms.

Feudal ethics were completely abolished, and the trend of sexual liberation swept the country. According to the "Erpai", it is very common for women to divorce and remarry. Brothels have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. Erotic novels are extremely popular, and many excellent authors and loyal readers have emerged. group.Most of the so-called erotic literature of the Ming Dynasty handed down today is a product of that time. Speaking of this, I have nothing to say. Natural economy, this is pure natural economy. The truth of the Wanli period is roughly like this, a world of political chaos, economic prosperity, splendid culture, and vitality. However, this world was eventually destroyed. The cause of destruction is one person.This person's name is Li Chengliang. Li Chengliang is a fierce man, not just ordinary fierce. He was born in the fifth year of Jiajing (1526). He was a hereditary commander of the Tieling Guards. He was considered a high-ranking military officer. But in his generation, he did not do well. He sold everything his family could sell. He was so poor that he even went to Beijing to inherit his official position. There is no travel expenses. He himself was very poor, and he was still a poor scholar until he was forty years old.Later, I asked someone to borrow money, and I managed to make up the number (bribery is required to inherit the official position), and then I got the official position, which is really not ordinary. But since then, he has been out of control. At that time, Liaodong was very chaotic. Although the Anda tribe changed their careers and started a business, they stopped robbing, but other tribes saw that Ida had made a fortune, and they had no share, let alone stop, swarming to rob. The Chaos Department, Duoyan Department, and Wang Gao Department were in a mess. Within ten years of the chaos, three generals of the Ming Dynasty died in battle. Then Li Chengliang came, and then everything was settled. Fighting a war is actually similar to playing mahjong. Arrangement of troops is called shuffling the cards. Throwing dice means starting a fight. The second is luck. Relying on luck, how to fight and how to win, the so-called lucky generals. Relying on fighting to the death, how to fight and how to win, the so-called titans. Li Chengliang should be a lucky general and a strong general. In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), Li Chengliang went to Liaodong to take over as the chief soldier, but no one went through the handover procedures, because the former chief soldier Wang Shoudao was killed by the Mongols. At that time, the situation in Liaodong was very chaotic, and there were many troubled tribes. It would take hundreds of words to list them all. Generally speaking, the most violent tribes are as follows: Mongolia: the Han tribe, the capital is barbarian.Taining Department, the leader Subahai.The leader of the Duoyan Department is Dong Huli. Jurchen: Jianzhou Jurchen, Wang Gao's department.Haixi Jurchen, Yehe tribe, Hada tribe, leaders Qing Jianu and Menggebulu. These names are difficult to remember, and there is no need to remember them all, because they will be killed by Li Chengliang soon. Among the above-mentioned people, the most restless is the barbarian.His tribe is the largest and has the largest number of people, with hundreds of thousands of people. They are relatively united. The concrete manifestation is that everyone comes together when they rob. Every time they rob, the sky is filled with smoke and dust, covering the sky. So after Li Chengliang came, the first thing he wanted to hit was this early bird. Ever since Lord Li came out, the local man has never been at ease.From the first year of Wanli, Li Chengliang fought five battles and more than twenty small battles, basically every year and every month. It is not surprising that there are always wars, but the strange thing is that Li Chengliang wins every time. In fact, his army is very small, only 10,000 to 20,000 people. There are roughly two reasons why he wins every battle: the first is technical problems. Knife, he used a musket to bully you clearly. Secondly, there is the problem of tactics. Li Chengliang is not only brave and good at fighting, but also likes to play tricks. When the opponent attacks, he prepares a lot of property and puts it outside. When the Mongols get off their horses and grab things, he will attack.In addition, he did not abide by the contract, and often attacked his opponents by surprise. With these two advantages, within ten years, he had killed nearly 50,000 enemy cavalry, and tossed the barbarians to death. After seeing this historical material, and recalling his son Li Rusong's credit problems, he couldn't help sighing: family education is very important. The local barbarians rested, and Taining was also miserable, not to mention being beaten and running around. In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), even the leader Suba Boy was ambushed and his head was beheaded. Mongolia rested, and the Jurchens were refreshed. Jurchen lived in the Liaodong area of ​​the Ming Dynasty for generations. By the Wanli period, they were mainly divided into four tribes: Haixi Jurchen, Jianzhou Jurchen, Heilongjiang Jurchen, and Donghai Jurchen. The two groups of people in Heilongjiang and Donghai have always been relatively poor, and they have problems eating. They don't even have tools for robbery, so they can basically be ignored. And the most troublesome thing is the Jianzhou Jurchen. The leader of the Jianzhou Jurchen at that time was Wang Gao. In today's terms, this person was a shameless person. He was originally the landlord here, but later he became very powerful. The Ming Dynasty appointed him as the commander of the Jianzhou Guard. His official position was not low. Wang Gao's territory was close to Fushun, and the Ming Dynasty allowed him to do business with Fushun, and his income was very high. This man was dissatisfied, so he trapped and killed the guard of Fushun, and insisted on robbing him. Because he was often dissatisfied, Li Chengliang was also dissatisfied with him. In the first year of Wanli (1573), he found an opportunity to fight. At the beginning, there were few soldiers in the Ming Dynasty, and Wang Gao took advantage of it, so he was dissatisfied and chased desperately. Later, after chasing, he got into Li Chengliang's pocket, and ran desperately, from Jianzhou to Haixi. General Li was also persistent. People, chasing from Jianzhou to Haixi, Wang Gao had no choice but to surrender. After surrendering, most of his subordinates were killed, and he himself was sent to the capital and cut to pieces. But among the rebellious army, a man ran away. This man was A Tai, the son of Wang Gao.Ten years later, the catastrophe began. The Jianzhou Jurchen is over, and the next thing to solve is the Haixi Jurchen. Among the Haixi Jurchen, the first one to be solved was the Ye He tribe. One thing should be admitted: Li Chengliang's method of getting rid of Ye Hebu was quite shameless. In the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), the leader of the Yehe tribe, Beileqing Jianu led more than 2,000 people to Kaiyuan to prepare for the horse market trade.Here, they will exchange livestock for various supplies they need. They come happily and return with a rewarding experience. They have done this countless times in the past. But this time is different. When they were about to enter Kaiyuan City, the Ming army guarding the city stopped them and said: "There are too many of you to enter the city." Qing Jianu thought for a moment and replied: "Okay, I will only bring three hundred people into the city." But when he entered the city, he was surprised to find that there were no merchants, no hawkers, no crowded people, it was just an open space. Then, he heard cannon fire. At the same time as the cannon sounded, Li Chengliang outside the city issued an attack order, and thousands of Ming troops swarmed up. In just a few minutes, Qing Jianu and three hundred followers were all killed, and the Ming army outside the city was also very angry. In terms of efficiency, only 440 people from Ye He's tribe escaped. Then there is the Hada Department. Relatively speaking, the Hada tribe has a small number of people and they don't cause much trouble. Li Chengliang didn't intend to deal with them.But unfortunately, the Hada tribe has a Menggebulu, and Menggebulu has another idea: to unite with the Yehe tribe. This is a bit of a problem, because Mr. Li Chengliang's goal is not Mongolia, or even Jurchen. His only criterion for choosing an enemy is strength. Powerful, strong enough to threaten the empire, it must be eliminated. In line with this guiding principle, Li Chengliang attacked the Hada tribe, wiped out the main force of the tribe, and solved this problem. From the fourth year of Longqing to the nineteenth year of Wanli, in the 22 years, Li Chengliang turned Liaodong into a quiet place, not clean, but very quiet. If the tribes are united, he will pick things up, and after picking out the contradictions, he will start to classify.Those who are obedient will be given carrots; those who are disobedient will be given sticks.Over the years, he fought hundreds of times, won more than ten times, wiped out more than 100,000 enemies, received awards for his meritorious deeds every year, and was promoted and made a fortune every year. Even Qi Jiguang had to stand aside. Except for the battle in the eleventh year of Wanli. In the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), Li Chengliang got a message: Atai appeared. Atai, who escaped from the flames of war, started his second venture with deep-rooted hatred for the Ming Dynasty.After ten years of unremitting murder and robbery, he successfully changed from a small bandit to a big bandit, and established his own camp, and continued to fight against the Ming Dynasty. Li Chengliang has one and only one way to deal with this kind of person. In February of the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), he sent troops from Fushun to attack Atai's camp. The attack was not as smooth as expected. Atai was very tenacious. Li Chengliang tried his best to set fire to the attack, but he failed to conquer it. In desperation, he called in two helpers. These two helpers are actually guides to help him lead the way. One is called Nikan Wailan, and the other is called Jue Changan. These two are local tribal leaders, so Li Chengliang hoped that they would come forward to negotiate with Atai and sign a contract to settle the matter. Of course, whether to abide by the contract or not is another matter, get the people out first. The two left just like that, but Li Chengliang missed an important detail - motive. The same Jianzhou Jurchen, these two people have different motives and different identities. Nikanwailan is the lord of the nearby city, and the reason why he helped Li Chengliang was because he could benefit from getting rid of Atai. And Jue Changan came here only for his granddaughter——Atai is his grandson-in-law. When the two came to the walled city, different motives would eventually lead to different behaviors. Jue Chang'an said to Nikan Wailan, I'll go in to persuade you to surrender, but you wait outside, don't do anything yet. Nikan Wailan agreed. Jue Changan entered the city, met Atai, and began to lobby. It's a pity that his eloquence is really not that good, his mouth was so dry that Atai didn't respond at all. As time passed, Nikan Wailan, who was waiting outside the city, became impatient. But he knew very well that Jue Chang'an was still inside, so he couldn't do anything anyway. At this critical moment, Li Chengliang's envoy came and only conveyed one sentence: "Why hasn't it been resolved yet?" For Li Chengliang, this is just an ordinary urging. But these words became an order in Nikan Wailan's mind. The reason why he came here was not for Jue Changan, let alone Atai, but for profit, territory, and Li Chengliang's support. So, he decided to solve it in his own way. He walked to the edge of the walled city and started his negotiation with a high-pitched voice: "The army of the Celestial Dynasty has arrived, and you have no way out. The grand master (referring to Li Chengliang) has an order. If you kill Atai, you will be the master of this place!" This is a lie. The so-called making a wish by making an official was a creation of Nikan Wailan, because although Li Chengliang did not keep his promise, a small camp was beaten as soon as he was beaten, and there was no need to make a wish and write a check. But it turns out that poor people with short ambitions and empty promises are also very appealing. It should be said that the nomads are relatively honest. After shouting, there was no ideological struggle, no heated discussion, and some people went to Atai with fuckers. No one knows who made the first cut. Anyway, there was an endless stream of people scrambling to cut him, and finally he was hacked to death by random knives. Even Jue Chang'an was not spared. Although Li Chengliang outside the city didn't know what was going on, he knew what to do, so he took advantage of the chaos and led his troops to kill him. Because he didn't know about the contract with Nikanwailan (it's probably useless to know), so he didn't have any scruples, and his work was a bit desperate-there were a total of 2,300 people in the city, and none of them survived. The one who entered the city with Jue Changan, and his son Tu Keshi, also died in the city. But to Li Chengliang, it really doesn't matter, it doesn't matter how many people die, in his fighting career, this is just an insignificant battle, clean up the battlefield, collect the heads to report meritorious service, and go home to sleep. Nikan Wailan was rather happy, although Jue Chang'an was a bit miserable, but after all, he had succeeded in currying favor with Li Chengliang. But somewhere they couldn't see, there was a person who had lit the fire, and the flames of the prairie fire would eventually rise from it.He is the grandson of Jue Chang'an, the son of Takshi, and his name is Nurhachi. Nurhachi was very angry - he should be angry, his grandfather and father died, and died very wrongly, it seems that Li Chengliang killed two of his relatives, in fact, it was five. If you still remember, Jue Changan entered the city because of Atai's wife, his granddaughter, and of course, Nurhachi's cousin. She also died in the rebellion. This is the third one. And Atai is naturally Nurhachi's cousin-in-law, and he is the fourth one. However, his relationship with Nurhachi is far more complicated than you imagined. In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), Nurhachi was born in Hetuala. His grandfather, Jue Chang'an, and father, Ta Keshi, were both Jurchen hereditary nobles and once served as the commander of the left guard of Jianzhou. The funny thing is that although the family members are very rich, Nurhachi's living standards are very low. He is the eldest of five brothers in the family, but he looks like a younger brother. The reason is very simple. Most of the Jurchen tribes at that time were poor. The so-called Jurchen aristocrats were not scumbags, but they were also very poor. Therefore, in order to make a living, Nurhachi used to live temporarily at his grandfather's house when he was a child. His maternal grandfather is our old friend, Wang Gao. Now, wash your face first, and sort out the relationship between them: Nurhachi's mother is Wang Gao's daughter, that is to say, Atai is Nurhachi's uncle, but Atai married Nurhachi's cousin, so he is Nurhachi's cousin husband. In Tu Keshi's life, it was even more chaotic, because Atai was both his niece-in-law and his brother-in-law. The chaos was a bit chaotic, considering the living conditions of the Jurchen clan at that time, they were all relatives anyway, so it was okay. You should be able to understand how sad Nurhachi is. Under Li Chengliang's butcher knife, he lost his grandfather Jue Chang'an, his grandfather Wang Gao, his father Tu Keshi, his cousin XX (sorry, I didn't find it) and his uncle Atai (also cousin husband). Grieving Nurhachi found the officials of the Ming Dynasty and asked angrily: "Why my grandfather and father were killed, give me an explanation!" The officials of the Ming Dynasty were more polite and gave an explanation: "I'm sorry, we didn't mean to, misunderstanding!" Obviously, this argument is not convincing, so the Ming Dynasty officials also prepared a gift to appease Nurhachi's wounded heart. This gift is 30 imperial edicts, 30 horses, and a letter of appointment and dismissal from the governor. Everyone knows the horse and the letter of appointment and dismissal. Let me explain what this edict is. The so-called edict, in today's terms, is a trade license. At that time, the Jurchen tribe lived in the deep mountains and old forests. They lacked everything except bears. They couldn’t live on. They had to use violence, and their robbery experience was not as good as that of Mongolia. The Ming Dynasty was unwilling to open up the mutual market. With this compromise method, one imperial edict can make a deal.Thirty imperial edicts are thirty deals. The meaning of the Ming Dynasty is very clear. If a person dies, some compensation will be given, and you can leave. Objectively speaking, this compensation fee is really low, and it seems that it cannot appease Nurhachi's anger. Yet he accepted. He accepted everything and returned to his hometown. Then, he gathered his clansmen, killed a cow, held a ceremony to sacrifice to heaven, took out thirteen pairs of armor handed down from his ancestors, and announced that he would rise up. Raising troops after receiving compensation, and not doing anything after receiving money, seems to be the same.But in any case, Nurhachi has taken the first step towards his future.This year, he was twenty-five years old. According to many historical books, the following will be the glorious entrepreneurial history of Comrade Nurhachi. First, he raised troops to kill Nikanwailan, and then unified Jianzhou Jurchen, defeating the strongest Yehe tribe in Haixi Jurchen, until the forty-sixth year of Wanli ( 1618), unified Jurchen. Finally, there are a few comments that are basically similar: very brilliant, very inspirational, very difficult, etc. I agree with the above comments, but I also want to add four words: very weird. It is said that Nurhachi lived in the forest since he was a child. He hunted and collected mushrooms by himself, and went to the market to trade things. His life was hard, so he was determined. He drank spring water when he was thirsty and gnawed ginseng when he was hungry. , so very good at fighting. With the above-mentioned major preferential conditions, it is out of control for thirteen sets of armor to raise troops. This is absolutely impossible. When Nurhachi raised his army, his weapons were bows and arrows, not missiles. He was wearing thirteen sets of armor, not thirteen pieces of body armor. Among the many Jurchen tribes at that time, he was just a small person. However, it only took this little man more than 30 years to unify Jurchen, establish a political power, occupy Liaodong, which was originally heavily populated, and formally challenge the Ming Dynasty. So, I came to a conclusion: he got help. And the person who helped him was Li Chengliang. I am not a conspiracy theorist, but I was surprised to find that countless Qing Dynasty historical materials described in detail the tragic death of grandfather Jue Chang'an, Li Chengliang's indifference and cruelty, and Nurhachi's helplessness, but they all ignored such a detail ——Nurhachi's grandfather, Jue Chang'an, is Li Chengliang's friend and good friend. According to some notes, Nurhachi and Li Chengliang had known each other a long time ago. Not only did they know each other, Nurhachi even beat Li Chengliang. There was also a very mysterious entanglement between them. It is said that when Nurhachi was young, he was arrested by Li Chengliang for making troubles. Soon after, Nurhachi was released, not Li Chengliang. It was Li Chengliang's wife (concubine) who let Nurhachi go, and her reason for letting go Nurhachi was also very simple-this man was good-looking (odd appearance, shady).As for whether they have other entanglements, I don't know, and I don't want to know. There are many other related theories, such as what Nurhachi fought with Li Chengliang, and went to the capital together. All these, what is even more incredible is that it is said that Nurhachi and Li Chengliang are still in-laws: Nurhachi’s younger brother is called Shuerhaqi, this Shuer Haqi has a daughter who is married to Li Rubai, son of Li Chengliang, as a concubine. And there are various indications that the brave and grieving Nurhachi, besides being good at fighting and in good health, seems to be very good at getting things done.He often gave gifts to Li Chengliang, pulling things by carts and flattering him, which can be said to be "everything". (Ming Sen, a scholar of Ming history) Therefore, we have reason to believe that Nurhachi and Li Chengliang's family have some kind of ulterior connection. When you know this, and look back at the few previous records, you will find a second version of this ancient story, and the real secret that hides behind it. In February of the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), Nurhachi's grandfather and father were killed by mistake, and Nurhachi accepted the appointment to manage the tribe. In December of the 11th year of Wanli (1583), Nurhachi's mortal enemy, Beileqing Jianu, the most powerful Yehe tribe among Haixi Jurchen, was crusaded. Soon thereafter, Nurhachi led his troops to attack Nikanwailan. Nikanwailan thought he had meritorious service and defected to Li Chengliang. Li Chengliang handed him over to Nurhachi. In the fifteenth year of Wanli (1587), Meng Gebulu of the Haixi Jurchen Hada tribe and Ye He were discovered by Li Chengliang, and he attacked and beheaded more than 500 people. In the sixteenth year of Wanli (1588), Yehe's tribe became stronger again, and Li Chengliang attacked again, killing Qing Jianu's son Nalin Boluo, beheading more than 600 people, and Yehe's strength was greatly damaged, so he had to rest and recuperate. In the 21st year of Wanli (1593), Nurhachi finally unified Jianzhou Jurchen and became the most powerful Jurchen tribe. In September of the twenty-first year of Wanli (1593), in the face of the increasingly powerful Nurhachi, the Haixi Jurchen Yehe tribe joined forces with nine major tribes including the Hada tribe and the Mongolian Horqin tribe to form a coalition to attack Nurhachi. They failed and were killed 4,000 Yu people, known as the "Battle of Gule Mountain" in history. After the war, Nurhaci divided the leader of the Yehe tribe into pieces, kept half of them, and handed over the other half to the Yehe tribe.Since then, the Yehe tribe and the Aixinjueluo tribe have been inseparable.It is said that when the leader of the tribe was defeated, he said the following: "If there is only one woman left in my Yehe clan, she will be overthrown too!" The Yehe tribe lives on the banks of the Nala River, so it is also called Yehenara. Li Chengliang did an unfair thing. He supported Nurhachi and cultivated the enemies of the Ming Dynasty. But to be fair, he didn't do it on purpose, let alone a so-called traitor. Because in his view, the so-called Nurhachi is just a weak cat, fed and clothed for him, let him grow up, and finally become a docile and obedient cat. The cat gradually grew up, its body became stronger, its cry became shriller, its paws grew sharp claws, and finally it showed its fangs.So far, we finally know that it is not a cat, but a tiger, and it is not a pet, but a beast. But Li Chengliang's observation ability is really not ordinary. In the nineteenth year of Wanli (1591), Li Chengliang retired. Before that, he had defeated Mongolia, Yehe, Hada and all powerful tribes, except Nurhachi. Not only did he not fight, but he also eliminated his opponent. Li Chengliang is really a very interesting person. Ten years later, Li Chengliang took office again. At this time, Nurhachi had unified the Jianzhou Jurchens and was extremely strong, but in Li Chengliang's view, he seemed to be the docile cat, so he made a wrong choice—to give up Six castles. Six Forts was the military base of the Ming Dynasty in the Liaodong area. It was an important fortress to contain the Jurchen. It was also the only barrier to Fushun and Qinghe, the important towns in Liaodong. If it was lost, the Jurchen army would be unstoppable across Liaodong. At this time, the Six Forts had no soldiers pressing down on the border, no food famine, and no matter what, they should not, did not need, and could not give up. However, Li Chengliang gave up. In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli (1606), Li Chengliang officially abandoned Liubao, moved more than 100,000 residents here, and handed over the place to Nurhachi. This is a wrong choice and a shameless choice. General Li Chengliang not only lost a strategically important place and destroyed the homes of more than 100,000 people, but also used this to repay the imperial court. There is the word shame. Nurhachi occupied the Six Forts at no cost, and the prosperity, richness, and weakness of the Ming Dynasty were all exposed in front of him. At that moment, he finally saw his desire and the possibility of realizing his desire. In the forty-three years of Wanli (1615), Li Chengliang passed away at the age of ninety. One life of meritorious deeds, disasters forever, ten thousand deaths are not enough to forgive their crimes! A few months later, in the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), Nurhachi established a political power in Hetuala.This shows that he still gave Li Chengliang a lot of face, at least for a few months. Haixi Jurchen, Yehe tribe, and Hada tribe, these terms no longer exist. The current Jurchen is the only Jurchen, the Jurchen of Nurhachi, the Jurchen with its own language (made by Nurhachi), and the Jurchen with the Eight Banners system , and the Jurchen of the elite cavalry unit. Liaodong can no longer tolerate Nurhachi. He has never been an honest and responsible citizen, nor is he a good citizen who abides by the law. When the existing wealth and land cannot satisfy his desire, the rich Ming Empire in front of him will be his the only option. Well, there is no need for masks, and there is no need for camouflage. The only thing to do is to draw out the butcher knife, slash and kill their soldiers with impunity, plunder their people, and take away all their wealth. Killing soldiers can equip horses, plunder people, obtain slaves, rob wealth, and strengthen the Jin Kingdom. Of course, these words cannot be said clearly, because a robber does not need an excuse to kill and set fire, but for a group of robbers, a reason is very necessary. In the first month of the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618), Nurhaci issued a declaration of war in Hetuala: "This year (year), we must conquer the Ming Kingdom!" Just shouting slogans is not enough. In any case, we must find a few reasons to start a war. In April, Nurhachi found reasons, seven. This is the so-called seven great hatreds. In the article, Mr. Nurhachi listed seven places where the Ming Dynasty could not forgive him. The full text will not be listed, but it is worthy of praise that in terms of provoking things, this article is really good. Work hard. The killing of grandfather and father naturally has to be mentioned, and Li Chengliang's asylum will naturally not be mentioned, and some important events must not be let go.For example, the border issue: entering our border without authorization.Economic issues: The crops on our side have been cut.Diplomatic issue: Ten Jurchens were killed on the border (this reason seems familiar). Among them, the most interesting reason is that the Ming Dynasty favored the Yehe and Hada tribes and was unfair to itself. Regarding this sentence, it is hard to say what the Ming Dynasty thinks, but Ye He and Hada, who have been beaten and maimed countless times by Comrade Li Chengliang, should have something to say. The Seven Great Hatreds were later refuted by many people including Yuan Chonghuan, so I will stop doing the fun.I just think that Mr. Nurhachi is a bit redundant. If you want to rob, just rob, if you want to kill, just kill. Why bother? Kill all those who dare to resist, take everything that can be taken away, and occupy all the land that can be occupied, the purpose is very clear. Looting, in fact, does not need an excuse. In April of the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618), Nurhachi pointed his saber at the first target - Fushun. An ancient Roman general, after many years of fighting with the Germanic army, sighed like this: They don't understand military affairs, but they are tough, and they don't understand tactics, but they are very cunning. This simple sentence contains profound philosophy. Many people have said that the best teacher is not a special teacher or a famous school, but an interest. But I want to tell you that this answer is wrong. In this world, the best teacher is survival. For a piece of land, for a house, for a piece of meat, in order to live one more day in this world, to be familiar with the skills of killing, to master the knack of robbery, without urging or persuasion, in the struggle of life and death every day, knowing how to survive, Know how to survive. Survival is difficult, so in order to survive, you must be more cunning, you must be more brutal. Therefore, in the Battle of Fushun, what we saw was not the galloping nomadic cavalry and the heroic charge of the aboveboard, but more insidious and cunning tricks. On April 15th in the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618), Nurhachi arrived in the suburbs of Fushun. But instead of launching an attack, he sent someone to spread a message to the city. The content of this news is that tomorrow, 3,000 people from the Jurchen tribe will bring a large amount of property to Fushun for transactions. The guard of Fushun readily agreed and promised to open the city gate to welcome the caravan. On the morning of the next day (15th), the caravan came, and Fushun opened the city gate, and the common people and merchants walked out of the city, ready to trade. Then, the smiling Jurchen caravan took out the only trading item they carried—butcher knife. Trade immediately turned into plunder, and the caravan became an army. Obviously, the Jurchens were much more motivated to do business without capital. Nurhachi's army no longer needed to hide, and the elite Eight Banners cavalry, with the help of the "caravan", launched an attack on Fushun City. The Ming army defending the city responded quickly and began to organize resistance. However, it didn't take long for the resistance to stop and the city was peaceful. Nurhachi was not surprised by this unusual change, because all of this was in his plan. Soon, he met the key piece in the plan - Li Yongfang. Li Yongfang, one of the guards of Fushun City, a brief introduction - a traitor. He sold Fushun City in exchange for the title of lieutenant general and a granddaughter of Nurhachi. Fushun fell, and Nurhachi robbed all the property and population that could be robbed, and the Ming Dynasty suffered heavy losses. 明军自然不肯干休，总兵张承胤率军追击努尔哈赤，却遭遇皇太极的伏兵，阵亡，全军覆没。 抚顺战役，努尔哈赤掠夺了三十多万人口、牛马，获得了前所未有的财富，但这一切，只是个开始。 对努尔哈赤而言，继续抢下去，有很多的理由。 女真部落缺少日常用品，拿东西去换太麻烦，发展手工业不靠谱，抢来得最快。而更重要的是，当时的女真正在闹灾荒，草地荒芜，野兽数量大量减少，这帮大爷又不耕地，粮食不够，搞得部落里怨声载道，矛盾激化。 所以继续抢，那是一举多得，既能够填补产业空白，又能解决吃饭问题，而且还能转嫁矛盾。 于是，万历四十六年（1618）七月，他再次出击，这次，他的目标是清河。 清河，就是今天的辽宁本溪，此地是通往辽阳、沈阳的必经之地，战略位置十分重要。 而清河的失陷过程也再次证明，努尔哈赤，实在是个狡猾狡猾的家伙。 七月初，他率军出征，却不打清河，反而跑到相反方向去闹腾，对外宣称是去打叶赫部，然后调转方向，攻击清河。 到了清河，也不开打，又是老把戏，先派奸细，打扮成商贩进了城，然后发动进攻，里应外合，清河人少势孤，守军一万余人全军覆没。 之后的事情比较雷同，城内的十几万人口被努尔哈赤全数打包带走，有钱、有奴隶、有粮食，空白填补了，粮食保证了，矛盾缓和了。 但他留下的，是一片彻底的白地，是无数被抢走口粮而饿死的平民，是无数家破人亡的惨剧，痛苦、无助。 无论什么角度、什么立场、什么观点、什么利益、什么目的、什么动机、什么想法、什么情感、什么理念、都应该承认一点，至少一点： 这是抢掠，是自私、无情、带给无数人痛苦的抢掠。 征服的荣光背后，是无数的悲泣与哀嚎。