Chapter 14 Chapter Thirteen Qing Emperor Abdicated

It has been almost 300 years since the Qing Dynasty.Being able to survive for 300 years shows that it is still alive.Now, it's old and damn it.It is also the end of age.But death is not so easy, centipede, death is not stiff, not to mention a giant regime! It is not that the bannermen did not fail to see the situation that the Qing Dynasty was about to collapse.During the period of Yihe between the North and the South, Yi Xu and his son Pu Lun also advocated abdicating as soon as possible to protect the safety of the royal family.The Empress Dowager Longyu asked the regent Zaifeng, "What's your opinion?" Zaifeng said uneasy: "At this point, there is no good plan. However, Prince Su Shanqi, Prince Gong Puwei, and Duke Fu Zaize firmly opposed it. Abdicate. They say that the world is not easy to gain, "I lost myself, I am sorry to my ancestors. ,, Not only did he not agree to abdicate, Pu Wei also organized a clan party to preserve the royal family with a group of Manchu main fighters, and wanted to continue fighting.

At this time, a rather shocking murder occurred in Beijing: one day, Yuan Shikai came out of the palace in a carriage with golden lacquer and red wheels. A bomb exploded; the horse dragged the cart and ran desperately, and another bomb flew outside the door of Xiangyifang Restaurant.Yuan Shikai's guard battalion leader Yuan Jinbiao, a platoon leader, two coachmen and two horses were all killed, and only Yuan Shikai escaped.Afterwards, some people said it was done by the Tongmenghui, while others said it was done by the Clan Socialist Party.Several members of the alliance were arrested, and they were later released on bail because of insufficient evidence.

In short, the situation between the North and the South is very tense.Yuan Shikai held Duan Qirui tightly, but there was no other way.Xu Shuzheng is worthy of being a good literary talent. He stretched out the paper and picked up the pen, thinking and writing, flamboyantly; Duan Qirui sat on the side, carefully considering every word, and Yuan Shikai was really at ease. Tired, mentally exhausted, major events overwhelmed, hanging in the balance; two bombs, dead horses, still in shock, how can I rest at ease? Now it's all right, finally there is a clue. "If this move doesn't work, I'll be able to remonstrate!" Thinking of remonstrating, he immediately sat up: "Zhiquan, come here, I have something to say."

Duan Qirui put down the manuscript in his hand and walked to Yuan's side. I thought of one thing and had to say it emphatically. "Yuan Shikai said: "It is necessary to explain the plight and difficulties of our army and explain the aspirations of the people.If the imperial court does not understand the difficulties of the officers and soldiers, and if there are any changes in the officers and soldiers, we generals..." "I understand." Duan Qirui said: "We must surprise the court!" "It is also a step back when we have to." "Would you like to tell Pu Wei and them, or if not, we will have to remonstrate!"

Yuan Shikai shook his head. "Why do you have to say it clearly? It's enough to express your meaning." After careful consideration of the words and sentences, an admonition "For the sake of expressing interests and interests, please establish a republican government and consolidate the throne to establish the overall situation" was successfully drafted.Duan Qirui handed it over to Yuan Shikai, Yuan Shikai reviewed it carefully from beginning to end, and nodded with satisfaction. "Very good, very good. Let's decide it like this." When he handed the manuscript to Duan Qirui, he said again: "The next step is the issue of signatures. I think this way, the momentum should be bigger. The last call was 18 Generals, this time, we need more. The more the better." Duan Qirui suddenly thought about it: "Last time, the 18 generals were against the republic, and it was less than a month after the power was sent out. Now, a 180-degree turn, Wouldn't it be contradictory to establish a republic? He asked Yuan Shikai: "Do you want to explain a little about the last power-on?" "Explain what?" Yuan Shikai shook his head. "It was then, and today is today." .This kind of thing, can't tell.The more you explain, the more confused you become.No explanation!"

Duan Qirui nodded and stopped talking. According to Beiyang's "genealogy", Duan Qirui put the current most influential generals into the list, and then communicated one by one.They included Jiang Guiti, the admiral of Gubeikou in the title of Shangshu, Zhang Xun, the governor of Liangjiang, He Zonglian, the governor of Chahar, Duan Zhigui, the deputy governor of Chahar, Ni Sichong, the deputy commander of Henan military affairs, Wang Zhanyuan, Cao Kun, Chen Guangyuan, Wu Dingyuan, Li Chun, Pan Juying, Meng Enyuan, Ma Jinxu, Chief Soldier of Hebei Town, Xie Baosheng, Chief Soldier of Nanyang Town, Jin Yunpeng, Wu Guangxin, Zeng Yujun, Tao Yunhe, General Staff Officer of the Second Army, Xu Shuzheng, General Staff Officer, Jiang Tingzi, Zhu Fengzao, Wang Jinjing, Bao Guiqing, Lu Yongxiang, Army Commander and Patrol Commander , Chen Wenyun, Li Houji, He Fenglin, Yuan Naikuan, Shi Congbin, etc.These people were all cultivated by Yuan Shikai. They are close associates of Duan Qirui and the backbone of the Beiyang Department.They were afraid that Beiyang would fall apart, and that Yuan Shikai would fall. Usually, they still thought of ways to ask Yuan and Duan for orders. If they found them today, they would not agree.So, one by one, they all signed their names on the power-up.Duan Qirui arranged the list in terms of seniority, and there are 42 people in total. On January 26, 1912, the telegram of the 42 generals led by Duan Qirui to "ask for the establishment of a republic" was released to the world.Because this is a very important historical document, the full text is recorded: Since the truce, two months of peace negotiations, it is rumored that the court has learned from the public opinion and has decided to establish a republican government. Various conditions: × The emperor of the Qing Dynasty will pass on forever; the annual salary of the emperor of the Qing Dynasty should not be less than 4 million taels; the livelihood of the Eight Banners will be determined daily, and all restrictions on Manchurian, Mongolian and Tibetan return will be removed; All are equal; the kings, dukes and dukes shall remain the same; all private property shall be protected.Wu Tingfang, a representative of the People's Army, admitted that it was listed in an official document and submitted to the Wan Guo Peace Association for filing.and so on.Dianchi newspapers, Haiyu heard the news, soldiers and subjects, all celebrated with their foreheads and hands, thinking that things will go well, the throne will be preserved forever, and the results will be good.It was heard that Zaize, the Duke of the State, and Puwei, the Prince of Gong, were one or two relatives and nobles, so the matter was frustrated, and the political system still awaited a referendum by the Congress.

Qi Rui should improve his combat readiness by himself, and wait for the success of the New Deal.Since the incident, I have repeated the decrees, and I have never missed the people's support. I only seek the welfare of the country and the people, but I am afraid of living in ruins.Not only promulgated the nineteen creeds, swore to the imperial temple, but also allowed the convening of the National Assembly to issue a referendum, and also saw that the people are the foundation of the country, and the palace's insight has what the people see and listen to.Since the ceasefire has been repeated, the militia still persists, and it may be difficult to wait for the meeting of the Congress.Regardless of whether it is delayed for several months, there are worries about the collapse of the army and the chaos of the people and the swarming of thieves.The world is corrupt, and there will be no end to it.The disaster of carve up is imminent.That is to say, during the two months of the truce, the militiamen raised salaries and conscripted troops, and spread all over the country.Our army has no back-up, and our strength is too weak. If we take care of several routes, we will become lonely and dangerous.He colluded with bandits everywhere, levied donations, incited everywhere, and spread temptation.And in Yantai in Shandong, Ying and Shoujing in Anhui, south of Xuzhou in the north of the Yangtze River, Guangzhou, Shangcheng, and Gushi in Henan, and Yicheng, Xiangfan, and Zaoyang in Hubei, we have divided our forces and advanced.And I'm stuck in a corner, helpless.If he goes further, our Eastern Anhui and Henan will not be able to protect themselves.Although Qirui and the others are self-motivated and dare to protect themselves, but the source of salary is scarce, the spirit of the army is shaken, the general trend is trending, and the generals are not firm. Once they break up, why do they think they want to fight? I am afraid that after the death of the teacher, the sect will follow. pour.At that time, the honor of the royal family and the livelihood of the suzerains and vassals must have been difficult to achieve.That is to say, the north and the south are to be separated, and they are reluctant to support them. However, based on the theory of people's hearts, there will be turmoil in the northwest, and the situation will collapse; Self-efficacy, the only one who dies for ignorance and loyalty, and the monarchy will fall forever, what is the point of remorse?What's more, after the convening of the National Assembly, it is not known what type of government the referendum is for? If we silently observe the trend of people's hearts, we may still be on the way to a republic. Make a ruling, show the world and even the public? Let the people eat the hair and practice the soil, sing and dance, and have zero tears of gratitude. It is said that Tang and Yu Zhizhi, ancient and modern, are the same. I read it, so I dare to compare the interests, risk my life to make a statement, implore the sweater to change the trumpet, and issue an edict to announce the establishment of a republican government at home and abroad. The current cabinet and ministers of state will temporarily represent the government to take care of the treaties, national debts, and other unfinished negotiations. Convene Congress and organize a republican government.For the success and restoration of Chinese and foreign people, with a view to laying a solid foundation for all people, quickly restoring local order, and then refreshing the hearts of the people, and striving for self-improvement!

When a piece of paper was electrified, the sky was full of thunder, and the government and the public were all shocked! Empress Dowager Longyu, who lived in the Forbidden City, was holding this energized piece in her hand, before she finished reading it, she passed out on the dragon seat—— The 44-year-old Longyu Yehenala family has been listening to politics for 4 years. Compared with her aunt Cixi Yehenala family, she has suffered a lot: the little emperor Puyi, who doesn’t understand shit; A mediocre person who can't afford to let go; there are also a few princes, most of them are people who have not accomplished enough and have more than failed. Who is her pillar? She thinks highly of Yuan Shikai. He is in a high position and great power is given to him. She hopes that Yuan Shikai can stabilize the situation for her.However, Yuan Shikai, who came out again, did not eliminate the revolutionary party, but negotiated peace with the revolutionary party. After two months of negotiation, he actually made a fuss over the abdication of the Qing emperor and the establishment of a republic.Now, a group of generals like Duan Qirui are competing for the palace! Longyu, a woman, she has nothing to do.How could she have such a "blessing" as her aunt! A few days ago, she had already cried a few times at the imperial meeting.Now, Duan Qirui came to the gate of the palace with a big knife in his hand, and he wanted to force her out immediately. "What should I do?" She really didn't know what to do?

She wanted to find Yuan Shikai and ask him, "What's going on?" But he sent someone, and Yuan Shikai said, "The front line is urgent, and there is no time to enter the palace." She wanted to find the regent, and asked him to bring the dignitaries of the Eight Banners to discuss a countermeasure together.However, the regent brought her another shocking news: the Manchu relatives and nobles ran towards Tianjin, Dalian and Qingdao with their families when they heard the power-on; Run away from home, please Yuan "send troops to protect". Longyu cried again, she cried bitterly, with tears all over her face. "Why didn't I die with the late Emperor and my aunt? It would be nice to die. Why did this mess fall on my shoulders? Why didn't they share such a thing with so many nobles and nobles?" Crying and complaining Then, she thought of Duan Qirui again: "What is Duan Qirui? Why can't I remember this person? How could he have such a great ability to collude with dozens of generals at once? Could it be that they all The spies that Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing sent into the court long ago?"

Just when the empress dowager was crying so faintly, a guard reported: "Yuan Shikai sent someone to say hello!" Longyu was refreshed, and she felt that Yuan Shikai sent someone here at this time, maybe to relieve her troubles.He hurriedly said: "See you!" ——After Duan Qirui's telegram was sent out, he transferred the main force of his soldiers from the three towns stationed in Langfang to L-It: Jing, saying it was "defending the palace", but actually monitoring the palace.Both he and Yuan Shikai estimated that as soon as the electricity was sent, the court would make a big move: either he would abdicate according to the electricity, or there would be firm opposition.But half a day passed, and there was no response.Yuan Shikai was anxious.He originally wanted Duan Qirui to go to the palace to meet Longyu, but he was afraid that forcing him too far would backfire.Therefore, Zhao Bingjun, Minister of Civil Affairs, Hu Weide, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Liang Shiyi, Minister of Posts and Communications, were sent into the palace, apparently to greet Duan Qirui, but in fact to inquire about the palace's response to Duan Qirui's telegram.

Zhao Bingjun and the other three entered the palace, greeted An and stood in front of Longyu. Longyu's face was full of tears, and he said in a broken voice: "Zhao Bingjun, Hu Weide, Liang Shiyi! We can't do it, we can't do it! You go and tell Duan Qirui, let him bring a knife and kill our mother and child, kill us!" Let's go!" Wept for a while, and then said: "Go and tell Yuan Shikai, please ask him to save the lives of our mother and son!" When Zhao Bingjun and others heard the Queen Mother Longyu's words were different, she only hated Duan Qirui, but had hope for Yuan Shikai, so they knew that things were going backwards.So, he said: "Don't worry, the queen mother, I will definitely escort you!" When they were talking, they also choked and shed a few tears like a play.In the city of Beijing, the wind and rain are raging! A 42 general can send out a telegram, and another big assassination case occurs: Liangbi, a key figure of the Zongsha Party, was assassinated and his life was dying. Liangbi was the most resolute among the nobles who opposed the abdication of the Qing emperor. The Zongsha Party whose purpose was to preserve the throne was actually controlled by Liangbi, even though Pu Wei took the lead.What's more, Liangbi has always been Yuan Shikai's political enemy.In this way, "power on" and "assassination" cannot but be combined into one. Liang Bi underwent an amputation operation in a Japanese hospital, and eventually died of excessive bleeding. Liangbi died, and the main combat faction in the court gradually disappeared.In the palace, there are cries everywhere, and in the city of Beijing, there is a cloud of darkness! On the third day after Duan Qirui sent the telegram, that is, on January 29, the Queen Mother Longyu held an imperial meeting again, and her princes and relatives were few and far between. On the 30th, Zhang Zhenfang, the governor of Zhili, sent a telegram in the name of the governors of the northern provinces, urging the Empress Dowager Longyu to "declare the republic today." The exhausted Empress Dowager Longyu had no choice but to choose between the "crown..." and "a commandment". She immediately summoned Zaifeng and Yixu, and looked up at the yellow silk throne embroidered with phoenixes. He said without opening his eyes: "We have no way to go, no way to go! I have decided to abdicate the emperor immediately.How to deal with it, you go and figure it out. "On February 1, the Empress Dowager Longyu ordered Yuan Shikai to negotiate with the representatives of the South on preferential conditions for clearing the room. February 12th is a day worth remembering forever.No matter how this day came, in the political life of the Chinese people, this day is bright! The long river of feudalism, which has been flowing slowly for thousands of years, has finally come to an end on this day! After this day, "the emperor "This word will become history, become the past.China, start moving towards democracy and republic! On this day, in the name of Emperor Xuantong, the Qing Dynasty issued an edict to announce the abdication of the Empress Dowager Longyu. China, no more emperors! A gloomy voice announced to hundreds of millions of people in China, and announced to the five continents of the world that because of the militia uprising in the past, all provinces responded, nine summers boiled, and the lives were devastated. Yuan Shikai's survivors were specially appointed to discuss the overall situation with representatives of the militia, discuss the opening of the parliament, and referendum on the government .For two months, there was no sure way.The north and the south are separated by a long distance, and they treat each other, businessmen stop on the way, scholars go out in the wild, just because the state is indecisive for a day, so the people's livelihood is uneasy for a day.The psychology of the people throughout the country today tends to be republican. The provinces in the south and central regions are the first to advocate, while the northern generals are also the latter.The destiny of the people can be known.With the honor of one surname, Yu Yihe can tell the likes and dislikes of the people, use the appearance of the general situation, and internally review the public opinion, and lead the emperor to transfer the ruling power to the whole country, and set it as a republic and a constitutional state. To cooperate with the ancient holy world for the righteousness of justice.Yuan Shikai was previously elected as Prime Minister by the Council of Ministers. When the old and the new are replaced, it is advisable to unify the north and the south. That is, Yuan Shikai organizes a provisional government and negotiates with the militia to unify the measures. The complete territory of the Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan ethnic groups is a large Republic of China.Wouldn't it be nice for Yu and the emperor to be able to retire to a leisurely place, enjoy the years, receive the preferential gifts from the people, and see the success of Zhizhi? Within half a month, the national conditions have changed dramatically.The first one to be happy was Yuan Shikai.At the same time that the Empress Dowager Longyu issued the abdication edict, Yuan Shikai sent a telegram to Sun Yat-sen, announcing the news of the Qing emperor's abdication, saying, "Since the emperor of the Qing Dynasty resigned, and Shikai signed it, the date of the announcement will be the end of the imperial government. It is also the foundation of the Republic of China. From then on, we will work hard to achieve a perfect status, and never let the monarchy be in China again." Undoubtedly, Yuan Shikai's telegram was asking Sun Yat-sen for the position of President.The representatives of the North and South peace talks spoke first. After the Qing emperor abdicated, Yuan Shikai expressed his support for the republic, and Sun Yat-sen was about to cede the position of president to him. In fact, Yuan Shikai had already made a move. He was not afraid that Sun Yat-sen would not give him the president. He had a way - when the Queen Mother Longyu's abdication edict was given to him, there was no such thing as "Yuan Shikai's previous experience... and the Republic of China to negotiate and unify the method". A paragraph, that he Yuan Shikai insisted on adding.With such an addition, not only was he not afraid that Sun Yat-sen would refuse to let the president, but if so, he could organize a provisional government by himself according to the imperial edict, and act as the president! It was the empress who wanted him to form a provisional government to seize power in his hands. No matter what method or means, it is an absolutely true fact that Yuan Shikai became the President of the Republic. On February 13th, Sun Yat-sen proposed to resign as the interim president. On February 15th, the provisional Senate elected Yuan Shikai as the interim president. On March 8th, Yuan Shikai issued his oath of office...a red republican government appeared on the land of China! China has become a republic, and the republic was made possible by one of the 42 generals. Duan Qirui is the leader and leader of the 42 generals. He naturally became the hero who created the republic government! Therefore, the whole country, inside and outside the court, a group of praises, Almost like cheering for the realization of a republic, praise Duan Qirui: the snowflakes of praise are flying, and the praise is dizzying! Yuan Shikai was sworn in, and Duan Qirui was appointed as the chief of the army, and he was in charge of the national army; Within a few days, another order was issued to award him the rank of general of the army at the same level as Li Yuanhong and Huang Xing; soon, he was awarded the honor of the same level as Tang Shaoyi, Huang Xing, Feng Guozhang, etc.—one honor! Duan Qirui never imagined that the 48-year-old Duan Qirui had so many auras added to his head in one year, not only did he not think of it when he walked out of Dataogang Village, but he even knelt down at Yuan Shikai's knees and called him "Mount Tai" He never thought of it! He never thought that a piece of paper with electricity would have such precious value. The electrification brought Duan Qirui a lofty reputation and status, and he did not forget that it was Xu Shuzheng's credit.As soon as the chief of the Ministry of Army took office, he promoted Xu Shuzheng to be the director of the Military Science Department. Soon, he appointed Xu Shuzheng as the director of the Military and Horse Department and also took charge of the General Affairs Office.He said to Xu Shuzheng: "Youzheng, in the future, no matter what, I can't live without you. Without you, I have no soul! Let's do it together!" Since then, Xu Shuzheng has another nickname - "Hefei (After Duan Qirui became the chief of the Ministry of Army, people called him "Duan Hefei" by his hometown) Soul"!