Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Those who rebel against fate must be cut off!

The news of Tatar's defeat shocked many Mongolian tribes. They did not expect that the Mongolian headquarters led by the Jin family would be so vulnerable. Among them, there was a tribe who was very happy with this result, and this tribe was Oara. As we said earlier, there is a deep hatred between Oala and Tatar, and it is estimated that it has exceeded the scope of conflicts among the people. When the Ming army attacked, Oala, as a tribe of the same race as Tatar, not only did not help, but also helped Ming. The DPRK government solved the scourge of Ben Ya's loss of face.Such credit was naturally rewarded by the Ming government.As a bystander in this war, Wala gained a lot of benefits, but what the Ming government didn't expect was that this bystander would turn into a participant in a short time.

Mahamu, the leader of Wara, is a relatively capable ruler. He is not satisfied with his own territory, and his biggest competitor, Arutai, has been beaten into a vagrant by the Ming army, and the eastern Mongolia he occupies has also become a vagrant. Extremely empty, Mahamu is a person who wants to take advantage of the advantage. He began to encroach on the territory of Western Mongolia. In a few years, the strength of Oala began to expand rapidly, occupying many places.At this time, Alutai was short of major generals and became a motherless child. He could only cry to the Ming Dynasty government, but every time he got "I know" and "Go back, we will greet him" Class words.

Our experience in school tells us that those who make small reports generally do not end well, and Arutai is no exception. Not only did his situation not change after he complained, but he was often beaten, and each time he was beaten more severely. Since then, Tatar has fallen into an extremely difficult life. situation. It should be said that Arutai ended up like this not only because of Oala's attack, but also because of the acquiescence and support of the Ming government. It seemed that the Tatars were about to collapse, but at this time the situation had an unexpected change. Oirat has grown too powerful.

No matter what kind of conflicts Oala and Tatar have, they are still Mongols after all, and it is not only a tradition of the Han people that "to fight against the outside world, you must first settle the inside". In order to unify Mongolia and restore the empire, he made Daliba (the Alibuge family of the gold family) Khan and occupied Helin. The Ming Dynasty government finally discovered that this bystander had become so powerful that he was on the verge of unifying Mongolia.At this time, Alutai was also beaten to the point of despair, and even ran to the edge of the Great Wall with his tribe, saying that he had no way out, and asked for political asylum.

Things can no longer be ignored. Like all regimes in the past and present, the Ming Dynasty government followed a rule: There are no permanent friends, no permanent enemies, only permanent interests. Former friends finally turned into enemies. The Ming Dynasty said to Wala: "Go back wherever you came from!" Wala said, "I won't leave." "If you don't leave, I will beat you!" "Come on, I'm afraid you won't succeed!" Stop talking nonsense and start fighting. Mahamu dared to challenge the Ming Dynasty in such a way. He was definitely not impulsive. He still had some capital. At that time, Western Mongolia under the jurisdiction of Oala had never been hit by the Ming Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty’s military operations against Tatars, He also took the opportunity to pick up a lot of bargains, and became more and more arrogant, just like a well-off family suddenly won millions of lottery tickets, and then put on a show, trying to compare themselves to others.

Mahamu understood that once he broke face with the Ming Dynasty, he would be serious, but Mahamu was not afraid, because he also had his own trump card - cavalry. At that time, the most powerful cavalry unit on the Mongolian grasslands was no longer the Tatars of the Mongolian headquarters, but Oala.Facts have proved that Mongolia is worthy of being a nation of horses. They grew up on horses, and the blood of nomads flows in their veins. Even if they lose their glory in the past, they are worthy of the title of the best cavalry unit. Mahamu carefully observed the war between the Ming Dynasty and the Tatars. He keenly found that the cavalry of the Ming Dynasty was not stronger than that of the Tatars. It was only because the Ming army had a great momentum, while the Tatars had internal divisions, so it was so easily defeated the Tartars.

I will not make such a mistake, Wala will lure the enemy deep under my unified command, and then launch a surprise attack, annihilate the Ming army in one fell swoop, and regain the glory of Mongolia! Mahamu is not a person who can only shout slogans. He has prepared a detailed battle plan and preset the location of the decisive battle. He believes that as long as the Ming army is drawn into this trap, he will definitely be able to win the battle. victory. He almost succeeded. Ever since Wala expressed his disobedience to the dispatch of the Ming Dynasty and his refusal to return to the territory of Western Mongolia, Zhu Di made up his mind to pull out this nail. Thank God for not bullying others, no one has dared to bully him before, but now the little Wala dares to challenge him openly, it is impossible not to teach him a lesson.

In February of the twelfth year of Yongle (1414), he led an expedition of 500,000 troops again, accompanied by Hou Liusheng of Anding and other troops. The mighty army set off for Oala. Zhu Di is a very experienced general. He knows very well that his cavalry cannot take much advantage in a direct conflict with the Mongolian cavalry. After all, the most elite cavalry under him is the Duoyan Sanwei composed of Mongolians. Mercenary for money.Now that they are going to fight them on the land of Wala, the cavalry of Wala will definitely go all out, and their combat effectiveness is very strong.

The difference in the combat effectiveness of cavalry cannot be resolved overnight. Oirat, who is fighting with all the people, will inevitably make full use of the advantages of this combat arm. In addition, when going deep into the enemy's territory, the enemy must have ambushes. How to deal with these problems? Zhu Di had already prepared countermeasures. He practiced a brand new formation and brought a special army with him. He believed that this army would definitely deal an unexpected blow to Mahamu. After the army set off, they marched for more than four months and wiped out the Wala forces all the way, but to Zhu Di's surprise, even after they penetrated into the territory of Wala, they did not encounter decent resistance.Zhu Di was different from Qiu Fu. His intuition told him that the Oirat army was waiting for him somewhere for a decisive battle.

On the third day of June, Liu Jiang, the vanguard general of the Ming army, arrived at the Kanghari Sea. He found the Oirat army by accident. He immediately launched an attack, defeated the whole army, and captured the prisoners. The Hulan here suddenly lost temperature (now the Tula River in Mongolia) and was unprepared. The generals and soldiers who had been walking for several months were very excited. They had traveled a long way, hoping to defeat Oirat in one fell swoop. Now that they had obtained the exact enemy situation, they could catch the opponent by surprise.But Zhu Di's reaction was beyond everyone's expectation.

After Zhu Di heard the news, he carefully analyzed the enemy's situation. He also believed that the enemy was nearby, but these enemies were by no means defenseless, but were ready for a decisive battle, so he ordered the army not to move lightly. The subordinates were very upset when they heard the news, but they dared not disobey the emperor's military order after all. But unexpectedly, after a while, Zhu Di changed his mind and ordered the army to advance concurrently. Don't think about it, what is the plan of His Majesty the Emperor? Zhu Di was caught in a contradiction. His long-term military experience told him that from various indications, the Oirat army was consciously luring the enemy to go deep, and the vanguard troops defeated by Liu Jiang were obviously the bait deliberately released by Oirat. . The best way is undoubtedly to wait here for Wala to come to the decisive battle, but this is impossible. As an army that goes deep into the enemy's territory, the key is to find the enemy's main force and make a quick decision. There is only so much food, and it cannot be consumed anyway. no solution anymore. The enemy is waiting for us in front, so come on, we have to make a breakthrough in Longtan and Tiger's Den! What's more, I also have my own trump card. Go ahead to dangers! A hundred miles ahead, suddenly Lan suddenly loses temperature! At this time, Mahamu, the leader of the Wara, was immersed in joy. He looked at the other two leaders of the tribe, Taiping and Boluo, and his satisfaction was beyond words.It was under his careful planning that Wala preserved his strength and assembled the most powerful 30,000 cavalry in the tribe, setting a trap in Hulanhuhu, waiting for the arrival of the Ming army. The reason why Mahamu chose Hulanhushu as the battlefield is due to full consideration. There are many mountains near Hulanhuhu, which is conducive to the hiding of cavalry troops, and there is a great advantage in hiding cavalry on the mountain. That is, once the Ming army is discovered, they can use the mountain to rush straight down and smash the formation of the Ming army in one fell swoop. As long as the formation of the Ming army is in chaos, no matter how many people there are, it will not be of any use. slaughter. Mahamu is right. Although he certainly has never studied physics and does not understand the concept of potential energy, placing the cavalry at a high place and rushing down does have a strong impact. If the Ming army has no other way, The camp will inevitably be cut into several parts, and then the end will not be able to respond to each other, and it will not be able to form a strong combat force, it will be a mess. This is really the best method that Mahamu can think of. Fortify the wall to clear the field, lure the enemy to go deep, stay high, and win in one fell swoop. It is like a complete action movie. The first three actions are preparations, and the last one is the ending.But there must be a prerequisite for this action movie to have a perfect ending, that is, when the Oirat army rushed down from a high place, the Ming army "had no other way." The Ming army is already in my pocket!Soon, Wala and I, Mahamu, will surely become the new leaders of Mongolia! It's a pity that Zhu Di, the commander-in-chief of the Ming army, happened to be a person who "has a way". He had a way when Beiping City rebelled, and he also had a way during the Baigouhe battle. When he was blocked from Shandong and was in a dilemma, he still had a way. There is no way, and he can't get to where he is today. On the seventh day of June, he brought his own method to Hulanhu, and came to the battlefield arranged by Mahamu for him. After seeing the surrounding environment, Zhu Di couldn't help but take a deep breath, it was exactly as he imagined, the mountains here are so steep, it is the best choice for ambushes. In any case, this is where the decisive battle will take place. When the mighty army came before his eyes, Mahamu felt a strong excitement. The 30,000 army behind him only waited for his order, and they could kill down the mountain and defeat the Ming army, completely defeated! Only one step away from success! What surprised Mahamu even more was that the Ming army was not led by elite cavalry, but some infantry. Although there was still some distance from the Ming army, after carefully observing the formation of the Ming army, Mahamu was sure of victory, and he immediately issued an order for a general attack!Thirty thousand cavalry rushed down from the mountain and rushed towards the Ming army at the foot of the mountain with the momentum of fierce tigers.Mahamu proudly commanded his army on the mountain, waiting for the scene of the Oirat cavalry smashing the Ming army in one fell swoop. Victory is at hand! However, shortly after the Oirat cavalry charged, the situation of this seemingly one-sided battle suddenly changed unexpectedly! After discovering that the Oirat army was attacking, the Ming army quickly changed its formation. The infantry in the front row of the original team quickly retreated from the middle to the two wings, and a troop rushed out from the rear of the Chinese army to fill the vacancy. This army is different from the cavalry and infantry in the Ming army. What they hold in their hands is not a saber or a long sword, but a firecracker. After quickly arranging the formation, the soldiers aimed their firecrackers at the approaching Oirat cavalry, and they waited for the command of commander Liu Sheng. The Oirat cavalry noticed the change in the Ming army's camp, but they didn't care, but continued to charge forward. At this time, Mahamu on the mountain also saw this scene. Unlike those under him, he had seen the world. This sudden change in the formation of the Ming army made his hair stand on end, his blood almost froze, and he shouted hoarsely Said: "It's the Shenji Battalion! Go back!" It was too late. Liu Sheng, the commander-in-chief of the Chinese army, issued an order, and all the guns were fired. The Oirat cavalry who were charging never expected such a sudden attack, and they were injured and fell to the ground, suffering heavy losses.For a moment, the people on the battlefield turned their backs on their backs, and it was extremely tragic. But the battle has been fought to this point, and the charge has already been made, can it be possible to retreat, so let's fight to the end! So the remaining Oirat cavalry rushed to the Ming army even more desperately. This is also the most correct choice that the Oirat cavalry can make, because the firecrackers used by the Ming army at that time needed to be filled with gunpowder, and it took time to load the gunpowder, so after the initial round of volleys, the battlefield fell into a short period of time. in the tranquility. The Oirat cavalry were overjoyed when they saw this. They believed that as long as they could rush into the camp of the Ming army, they could also defeat the Ming army and win a complete victory. However, at this time, another unexpected situation appeared on the battlefield. The Oirat army was about to rush into the camp of the Ming army, and at this moment, the Ming army began to change for the second time! After the Shenji Battalion launched the salvo, they did not rush to load the gunpowder. On the contrary, they put away the gunpowder and began to retreat quickly to the two wings of the formation in an orderly manner. The cavalry of the Ming army rushed out from the rear and divided into In the third division, the left is commanded by Li Bin and Tan Qing, the right is commanded by Wang Tong, and the central army is commanded by Zhu Di himself. Under Zhu Di's unified command, the left and right wings of the Ming army launched side attacks on the Oirat cavalry. Zhu Di was even more brave. The poor Oirat cavalry who rushed down from the mountain ran such a long way, but when they arrived at the Ming army, they found that the originally dense group of troops suddenly dispersed. , and the Ming army in front of him was even more brave. They were attacked from all sides and were beaten everywhere. The sheep that seemed vulnerable before suddenly turned into wolves. off. The leader of Wala, Mahamu, is a smart man. When he saw that the situation was not good, he immediately took the lead and fled. faster. The Ming army won a big victory in this battle, "beheading dozens of its princes" (I don't know whose son it is), and killing and wounding more than 10,000 people from the Oirat army. , he inherited the fine traditions of his father, Comrade Zhu Yuanzhang, kept in mind the code of conduct of "doing everything well", and continued to pursue Mahamu fiercely. The Ming army pursued continuously, Mahamu complained endlessly, ran hundreds of miles, but still could not get rid of the enemy, this is not an option, and it is too shameful to be in such a mess, Mahamu immediately mustered up the courage to integrate the army, and then Zhan Mingjun, in our words today, is called to save a little face. But Zhu Di really didn't give a little face, the whole Oirat army counterattacked, and it hit him in the arms. Mahamu continued to run, and the Ming army continued to chase until he reached the bank of the Tula River. Seeing that he could not escape, Mahamu played a hooligan, threw off his brothers Taiping and Boluo, let them go to the back of the palace, and escaped alone. . And it was not easy for Zhu Di. Although the pursuit went smoothly, an unexpected incident on the way made Zhu Di really jump. At the beginning of the pursuit, the Ming army used the tactic of chaotically chasing the Oirat army scatteredly. Originally, there was no problem with this tactic, but one person was too excited and almost caused a catastrophe. This person is Li Qian, Zhu Di's servant. He was also among the crowd beating the dogs in the water, but because he chased too hard, he went deep into the enemy's territory and was surrounded by the Oirat army. It is said that Li Qian is not a big man. It's dead, but there is another Zhu Zhanji with him. Zhu Zhanji is Zhu Di's grandson, Zhu Gaochi's son, the so-called grandson of the emperor, Zhu Zhanji was smart since he was a child, Zhu Di didn't like his disabled son Zhu Gaochi, but loved Zhu Zhanji very much. The last emperor was largely due to having such a clever and good son. Zhu Di has always regarded Zhu Zhanji as his future successor to train. He specially brought Zhu Zhanji with him this time, and he also hopes that Zhu Zhanji can take this opportunity to meet the world and exercise. Having said that, it's just exercise, just like today's leaders who experience life at the grassroots level, and exercise on a second job, they don't really use swords and guns to go into battle.Zhu Di likes to copy guys and chop people himself. That's because he has been engaged in this sport for many years, and he is good at dodging. He can chop people without being hacked. The hairy kid didn't know the depth, and he felt a headache for a while, so he followed Li Qian to be a hero. When Zhu Di found that Zhu Zhanji was missing by his side, he was dumbfounded and broke out in a cold sweat. It doesn't matter if he wins or loses this battle. If he loses, he can start all over again, but if he lost his successor, it would be really worth the candle.He was furious, and immediately sent someone to inquire about the whereabouts of Zhu Zhanji and Li Qian. After learning that they had chased to Jiulongkou (place name), he quickly sent troops to pick up his grandson. For a while, I didn't expect that I was surrounded by such a big man, and when I saw someone coming to meet me, I ran away in all directions. Zhu Zhanji came back safely, but Li Qian, the servant, did not dare to come back. He was extremely scared and felt that his problem was serious. Before Zhu Di could question him, he committed suicide. Although there was such an episode, the Ming army completely defeated the main force of the Oirat army in this battle. In the decades since then, Oirat never dared to provoke the Ming army again, and the border has been peaceful for a while. A great modern man once described the relationship between war and peace: One war made ten years of peace. The most famous sayings are universal in ancient and modern times. Next, we will hold a summary meeting on this campaign. Before holding the summary meeting, it is necessary to talk about the necessity and agenda of this meeting. After all, it is not easy to invite Comrade Zhu Di and Mahamu to the meeting. In order not to delay everyone time, we now start: Although this battle of Hulan Huhu was not a decisive battle, it was worth analyzing, because this seemingly ordinary battle contained some secrets and rules of Ming army combat, and it should be carefully studied. This meeting mainly discussed two issues. First, why was the Ming army able to defeat? Let me tell you first, Comrade Mahamu, don't stand up, don't get excited, we already know what happened, the defeat is a fact, let me give you the specific analysis. You must know that there are many determinants of the outcome of a war. We have introduced before that the cavalry of the Ming army may not be able to outperform the Oala cavalry in personal ability, but why is the Ming army able to occupy the right time, place and people in Oirat? What about defeating Wala? This is because the Ming army under the command of Zhu Di has a set of extremely technical tactics and several high-quality troops.The question of tactics is too complicated, we will discuss it later, let's talk about the high-quality troops of the Ming Army: the three major battalions. The three major battalions are the troops formed by Comrade Zhu Di. This army is also the most elite troops in the Ming Dynasty. They are: the Five Army Battalion, the Three Thousand Battalion, and the Shenji Battalion. Let’s talk about the Five Army Battalion first. The Five Army Battalion does not refer to the five military branches. In fact, the Five Army Battalion is a mixture of cavalry and infantry, divided into the Central Army, the Left Army, the Left Ye Army, the Right Ye Army, and the Right Sentinel Army. It is an elite unit drawn from various places to serve as the main force of the attack. Next, let’s talk about the Three Thousand Battalion. We have already said that the Fifth Army Battalion was the main force of the Ming army, so why set up a separate Three Thousand Battalion? Formed by Mongolian cavalry.In other words, the 3000 Battalion was actually mainly mercenaries. The reason why it is called the Three Thousand Battalion is that when it was formed, three thousand Mongolian cavalry were used as the backbone. Of course, with the development of the army later, the actual number should be more than three thousand. All of them are cavalry. Although this cavalry unit is small in number, it is the most powerful cavalry force under Zhu Di. They mainly play the role of assault in the war. Finally, we would like to introduce Zhu Di's most special unit, the Shenji Battalion. The reason why it is special is that the weapons used by this army are artillery and firecrackers. In the Ming Dynasty, people called these firearms the god machine guns. Many nomadic cavalry were killed by these god machine guns. Maha Don't cry, Comrade Mu, after all, the matter has passed. It can be said that this unit is the artillery unit of the Ming Dynasty government. There are profound reasons why Comrade Zhu Di wanted to form such a unit. We saw that Comrade Zhu Di nodded sadly. There is nothing wrong. During the Jingnan period, Comrade Zhu Di mainly used cavalry, but Mr. Sheng Yong used a large number of firearms to attack him and his army, which caused extremely bad effects. Comrade Zhu Di himself was almost killed on the battlefield several times. This also made Comrade Zhu Di learn a profound lesson. When he later formed the army, he specially set up such a unit that mainly used firearms. It was this unit that played a huge role in the Battle of Hulanhuhuo. Well, we have introduced Zhu Di's high-quality troops above, but this is not the root cause of his victory. The real secret of the Ming army's victory lies in their tactics. Let's discuss the second question: What tactics did the Ming army use? Perhaps to the surprise of many people, the tactics of the Ming army are very advanced, so how advanced is it? Objectively speaking, although the tactics of the Ming army cannot be said to be hundreds of years ahead of the world, but looking at the world, at least at that time, there was absolutely no one who could hope to come up against it. This is not nonsense, there is sufficient evidence, please sit down, we will introduce the development process of the advanced tactics of the Ming Dynasty army in detail. In the era of Zhu Yuanzhang, there were excellent cavalry generals such as Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, and Li Wenzhong in the Ming Dynasty. In addition to the cavalry led by them, the Ming Dynasty had another trick in the military, and that was firearms. Facts have proved that after the Chinese invented gunpowder, they didn’t just use it to make firecrackers. After hundreds of years of evolution and improvement, Zhu Yuanzhang’s army began to use firearms on a large scale in the Ming Dynasty, including artillery and firecrackers. Xu Da and others in the cavalry, and Zhu Yuanzhang's subordinates also emerged a large number of generals who are good at using firearms to fight.The best of these generals are Deng Yu and Mu Ying. Deng Yu preferred to use firearms. During the defense of Hongdu, his subordinates used firearms to severely damage Chen Youliang's army. However, in Zhu Yuanzhang's era, it was not he who used firearm tactics to the extreme, but Mu Britain. In the era of shining generals, Mu Ying was not as dazzling as Xu Da and others, but he was also a very good general. In the fourteenth year of Hongwu, he accompanied Fu Youde and Lan Yu to attack Yunnan. The ranking is second only to Lan Yu, so it can be seen that he is by no means an idler. A year later, when Yunnan was pacified, Fu Youde and Lan Yu were transferred back to Beijing one after another. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Mu Ying not to return to Beijing temporarily, but to guard Yunnan.According to what was said at the time, this was only a temporary arrangement, but Mu Ying did not wait for the opportunity to be transferred. Slowly, he changed from a temporary worker to a contract worker, and he stayed in Yunnan. After his death, his descendants also stayed in Yunnan, and continued to implement the long-term guard contract signed by their ancestors and Zhu Yuanzhang. Since then, the Mu family has become the guard of Yunnan. One hundred and sixty years, until the fall of the Ming Dynasty. But it was also on this land that Mu Ying created his unique firearm warfare. Yunnan in Mu Ying’s era was by no means the so-called spring city and tourist attraction we see today. In fact, Yunnan at that time was still a barren land with many ethnic minorities, and rebellion was their main daily activity. Yunnan had few plains and cavalry It doesn't have much effect, and most of the military operations rely on infantry. The unorganized ethnic minorities should not be the opponents of the well-trained Ming infantry, but there is a local specialty, and this specialty is popular among ethnic minorities. Extremely happy to use. This specialty is elephants. Speaking of animals like elephants, they are tall, fat and thick-skinned animals. Although they don’t cause trouble, they are not easy to provoke. Even the tiger king of the mountain has to give it a three-point face. Back then, ivory was not as valuable as it is now, so there are a lot of elephants.When the local ethnic minorities rebel, they always like to use this local specialty. The Ming army rode horses, and the anti-army rode elephants. How to fight this battle? There are still ways to restrain elephants, and that is firearms. Firecrackers and cannons can not only effectively attack elephants, but also have the effect of intimidating when they are fired.In fact, this was the only way the Ming army could restrain the elephant army back then. But the facts are always unsatisfactory. The firecrackers used in Muying's era were Hongwu firecrackers. This kind of firecrackers had a short range, and they needed to be replaced with black powder and lead after each shot, which could not form a sustained lethality. Soldiers with firecrackers are often trampled to death by elephants after firing the first bullet. Mu Ying will not do this kind of loss-making business. After countless failures and thinking, Mu Ying finally created an advanced firearms method that can restrain elephants. According to the characteristics of the enemy's elephant soldiers in the front line, this method of warfare arranges the firecrackers in three rows. When the enemy elephant soldiers are found to advance, the first row fires the firecrackers first, and then the second and third rows continue to fire. , when firing in two or three rows, the first column can be loaded with bullets calmly, forming a complete and continuous powerful firepower (set the firecrackers in three rows, in the array... move forward and back, and the next row follows; retreat, the second row retreats, and the third row follows). This pioneering tactic overcame the limitations of the firecrackers at that time, and the three lines fired in turn without any pause, which was enough to turn any enemy (including elephants) that dared to invade into a funnel. It was by virtue of this method of warfare that Mu Ying completely quelled the rebellion in Yunnan. Due to the regional nature of its use, this method of warfare was not widely spread among the Ming army, but this does not negate its greatness in military history. significance. A hundred years after Mu Ying invented the three-line firearms tactics, King Fitley II of Prussia invented a similar three-line warfare method after long-term research. Dominate Europe with this method of warfare. Of course, the Prussian king believed that he was the well-deserved initiator of the third-line tactics. If this happened today when the invention rights and intellectual property systems are very clear, we would have a good reason to charge the king royalties. Although Mu Ying's three-element firearm tactics were not widely spread and used in the Ming army, we don't need to feel sorry for this, because in the near future, a more powerful and advanced tactics will replace it It has written a glorious page in the military history of the Ming Dynasty and even the world. It was an excellent military strategist who invented this method of warfare, and he is the Comrade Zhu Di we are familiar with. We are also very honored to invite this inventor to our conference site, oh, Comrade Zhu Di, you don’t have to stand up, just sit down, and we will continue to introduce the use of this new method of warfare below. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, due to the death of a group of early generals such as Xu Da and Chang Yuchun, the new generation of cavalry with the improvement of living standards, their hard-working spirit has degraded (not a joke), not as good as their predecessors, The individual strategic advantage of the Ming Dynasty cavalry over the Mongolian cavalry has been lost. To restrain the impact of the nomadic and plundering Mongolian cavalry all day long, other means of force must be used in conjunction. Comrade Zhu Di set up three battalions based on his long-term experience in armed struggle, and formally introduced the artillery army into the battle order of the Ming army. He hoped to use firearms to suppress the impact of the Mongolian cavalry, but the problem is that cavalry is different from elephant soldiers. Its speed is extremely fast. Due to the limitation of firearm lethality, shooting distance and time for changing gunpowder at that time, even if Zhu Di used Muying's three-line firearm tactics, he could not resist the cavalry attack. After summing up the experience and lessons, the Ming army finally found a set of tactics that could effectively restrain the Mongolian cavalry. I named this set of tactics used by the Ming army, "I want you to kill the three-axe combat system". First of all, it must be admitted that this name is not my first creation, but it is based on the "3000" weapon in a funny movie. Maybe some friends have watched this movie. This so-called "3000" weapon is made of Watermelon knife, lime powder, poison, and rope are a series of tools. The specific use process is more complicated and varied. For example, first sprinkle lime powder to cover the opponent's eyes, then use watermelon knife to chop, or poison, etc. I am not using its name here to be funny, on the contrary, my attitude is very serious, because in my opinion, this "kill you 3000" weapon system can just be borrowed to illustrate the characteristics of the Ming army's tactics in the Yongle period. The Ming army's three-axe warfare method is based on the three major battalions. Similar to the "I want your life 3000" weapon system, the Ming army rationally deployed and combined the military forces of the three major battalions to restrain the Mongolian cavalry. the goal of. The operation process of the so-called three-axe warfare method is as follows. First, after discovering the Mongolian cavalry, the soldiers of the Shenji Battalion will immediately move closer to the front of the formation, and prepare for the firing of artillery and firecrackers. Down for a salvo.This round of salvo is the first round of blows against the Mongolian cavalry, that is, the first axe. After the Shenji Battalion finished shooting, they would immediately retreat to the two wings of the team, and then the cavalry from the 3,000 Battalion and the 5th Battalion would immediately fill in the gaps and launch an assault on the injured Mongolian cavalry. This was the Ming Army's second axe. After the cavalry assault, the infantry of the Fifth Army Battalion began to attack. They often held cavalry weapons (such as spears, etc.) to launch the last round of blows against the Mongolian cavalry. This was also the last ax of the Ming army. It can be seen that this is a complete combat system. After the Ming army used firearms to suppress the enemy's cavalry to advance and frustrate their spirits, they immediately launched a counterattack, and then used infantry to consolidate the battlefield (shenji guns were at the front, cavalry was at the back, and infantry followed. ), the specific use of this system varies according to the battlefield conditions, and the detailed operation process is much more complicated, such as the formation conversion of multi-armed troops, etc., but the general process is the same. The Mongolian cavalry, known for their impact, was defeated by the tactics of the Ming army. No matter how fierce the cavalry was, they couldn’t hold the three axes. Unbearable, but helpless. In addition, the weapons used by the Ming army are also very characteristic. According to textual research, the weapons used by the Ming army cavalry at that time were also different from the Mongolian cavalry. Some Ming cavalry did not use sabers, but another more powerful weapon. Unique weapon - Mace. Although most of the cavalry use curved sabers, according to the research of modern scientific and technological personnel, when cavalry moving at high speed confronts enemy cavalry, the side using mace has an advantage. It has a wide range and is easy to use. The saber only has a single-sided edge, but the mace has a circular iron thorn. No matter which part hits the opponent, it will cause damage. In addition, it also has the function of striking with a stick. Its power is comparable to that of today's street fights. The ace weapon used - the triangular scraper. Moreover, the cost of batch production of mace is low, and there is no uniform standard. Adding iron nails and picks to the stick can be completed in tens of minutes. It is simple and convenient, and can also be creative freely. Adding barbs and barbs, etc., will make you lose your skin even if you are not dead, it is really frightening. It is the so-called cheap price and sufficient quantity, so they have been using it. Based on the above analysis, we can see that the victory of the Ming army was by no means a fluke. Behind their brilliant achievements are the research and development of advanced weapons, the scientific analysis of tactics and the detailed arrangement of the battle process. The crystallization of hard work and sweat. So in my opinion, the saying that science and technology is the first driving force is extremely correct. Like the Mu Ying's three-element tactics we introduced earlier, Zhu Di's tactics have many similarities in later eras. More than three hundred years later, a short man began to use a tactics similar to Zhu Di's. His tactics can be summed up in three sentences: first bombard with cannons, then chop with cavalry, and finally attack with infantry. It can be seen that his tactics are quite similar to those of the Ming army in Zhu Di's era. It was with this tactics that he conquered most of Europe and finally found a job similar to Zhu Di's— -emperor. This short man is Napoleon of France, and his powerful capital is his unique and maneuverable combination of artillery and cavalry tactics. Geniuses always have something in common. Now that the meeting has been held, it is time to adjourn. I hope that everyone can learn some Ming Dynasty's tactical thinking and skills from this summary meeting, and this meeting is not in vain. 对了，差点说漏了最重要一点，以上我们已经概括了明军的战术思想和战斗方法，虽然这些都是明军取胜的重要原因，但先进的武器和战术并不是影响战争胜负的决定性因素，事实上，古往今来，所有战争的胜负关系都遵循着一个最根本的原理： 最终决定胜负的是参加战争的人。 马哈木失败了，他的挑衅行为终于换来了教训，明白自己没有与明朝对抗的实力后，他也步阿鲁台后尘，于永乐十三年（1415）向明朝朝贡称臣。 不过总体看来，马哈木这个人还是比较守信用的，至少比阿鲁台强，或者说他很识时务，可能是那惨烈的一仗给他的心灵以沉重的打击，他终其一生再也没有侵犯过明朝边界，这无疑是一件好事，但从史料来看，他也并没有闲着，此后他将所有的精力都投入到了对子孙的培养中。 很明显，他认识到了最重要的一点，那就是以瓦剌目前的经济实力和科技实力，绝对不是明朝政府的对手，但他也明白，先进的武器和战术从来都不是胜利的保障，统帅和参与战争的人才是最为关键的。 事实证明，他确实培养出了堪称英才的下一代。 他的儿子叫脱欢，二十年后杀掉了鞑靼首领阿鲁台，最终统一蒙古。 他的孙子叫额森，这位仁兄比他老子还厉害，干出了更加惊天动地的事，他还有一个广为人知的名字——也先。