Chapter 15 Chapter Fourteen Revenge

In all fairness, Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng are indeed his strongest opponents, but in terms of personal feelings, he has no hatred for these two, and even has a sense of sympathy for each other. But Yuan was different. It was under the rule of this brutal dynasty that Zhu Yuanzhang lost his parents and his family was ruined.I was displaced, begging for a living, and rebelled as a last resort. In Zhu Yuanzhang's heart, there is a deep-seated hatred for Yuan. Not only family feud, but also national hatred. In Zhu Yuanzhang's war against Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng, in order to paralyze the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang did not call himself king or emperor, and secretly stated that he would not be an enemy of the Yuan Dynasty.He also sent a generous gift to Chahan Tiemuer, the general of the Yuan Dynasty at that time.

From this point of view, he is indeed an expert in making relationships. From the perspective of the Yuan Dynasty, this is a country bumpkin who just wants to get some benefits from the war, and just give some benefits. If they investigate Zhu Yuanzhang's tragic childhood experience and think about who caused Zhu Yuanzhang's pain, they will find how absurd their idea is. Zhu Yuanzhang's strategy was a huge success. When he solved Chen Youliang and was about to wipe out Jiangnan, the Yuan Dynasty government quickly sent Zhang Chang, Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, to make him an official. They always felt that this person could be used by them, and all they needed was some money.

Zhu Yuanzhang's reaction was far beyond their expectations. He resigned from office, but left Zhang Chang behind.Zhu Yuanzhang dug the foot of Yuan's wall, and said to Liu Ji: The Yuan Dynasty sent me a sage, you can talk to him more if you have nothing to do. If this behavior does not make the Yuan Dynasty understand Zhu Yuanzhang's true intentions, then they are too stupid. When Zhu Yuanzhang fought Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng and beat you to death.The government of the Yuan Dynasty was very happy to be a spectator of a boxing match. For them, the best result was that all three fell down, and then they went up to declare victory.

The most stupid thing about the Yuan Dynasty government is that he didn't know that this game was a knockout match, and the prize for the final victory was the qualification to fight against himself! When Zhu Yuanzhang walked out of the river of corpses and climbed up from the corpses of Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng after going through all kinds of hardships, the Yuan Dynasty government found out in fear that this victor was more terrifying than any opponent in the past. He has an excellent army, decisive advisers, and brave generals. What he leads is no longer the kind of peasant rebel army that can break through in one attack, but a powerful army whose combat effectiveness is no less than his own.

In order to save their fate, the Yuan Dynasty government tried various methods. They sent a large amount of gold and silver treasures to Zhu Yuanzhang, hoping that he would accept their consolation and continue to be their slave. But they gradually discovered that the Zhu Yuanzhang in front of him not only wanted his own money, but also his own life. The game is about to begin! Let's take a look at the players from both sides. Now we welcome the players from the Yuan Dynasty first, and Emperor Yuan Shun is on the stage! Let Emperor Yuan Shun express his current mood in one sentence.

Yuan Shundi: There is only one sentence left, so let me say it, I hope the opponent's players will be gentle, I am afraid of pain. Now I ask contestant Zhu Yuanzhang to share his thoughts, hey, where did Zhu Yuanzhang go. Oh, we found him, he's sharpening his knife, so let's not bother. Now the game begins! Before that, we have to introduce Zhu Yuanzhang's opponent, Yuan. Yuan is a regime established by Mongolia. The power of Mongolia originated in the twelfth century. In 1206, Temujin, the leader of the Mongolian nationality, unified Mobei, which represented Mongolia entering its heyday.

What I want to explain is that many people think that the power of Mongolia began after Temujin. This view is debatable.In fact, the combat effectiveness of the Mongols has always been quite strong, they are born fighters. The reason why this powerful nation has never been on the stage of history is only because of its own division.And when Temujin solved this problem, his terrible destructive power and war ability were vented to all parts of the world like a storm. It is not uncommon in history for a culturally advanced nation to be conquered by a relatively backward nation, such as the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, etc., but there is a misunderstanding in it.That is, people have always believed that these backward nations can become conquerors because their soldiers are brave and good at fighting, not because their military institutions are advanced.

In those people's eyes, how could these barbarians who didn't even know the word, just rely on their so-called bravery to fight, surpass the officers of culturally advanced nations who had been trained in systematic military theory for a long time in military strategy. As it turns out, they could be wrong. Military and economic development are often separated, this sentence has been proved many times in history. Although Mongolia's military system is simple, it is very practical. They do not have the useless bureaucracy of the Southern Song Dynasty. When fighting, they use small groups of cavalry to test, and then use surprise attacks to attack the enemy's weak positions.Once the attack is frustrated, withdraw immediately, and then look for opportunities to break through from the side.

Mobility, this is the biggest advantage of the Mongolian army. What is even more unbelievable is that the weapons of the Mongolian army are more advanced than those of the Southern Song Dynasty. They invented the most terrifying bow at that time, with a range of up to 300 meters, which is difficult to resist no matter how thick the armor is.Only the god arm bow equipped by the most elite Southern Song army can compare with it.But in war, weapons are never the most important, and the soldiers who fight are the key to victory or defeat. Fighting the Mongols is a very painful thing, because they don't fight each other directly with swords, and their most important weapons are bows and arrows.

Your nightmare begins when you come across the Mongol cavalry.Shooting arrows before attacking, shooting arrows during attacking, even shooting arrows when he was running away.You can't catch up, you can't hit, this kind of rogue-like style of play can drive people crazy! This is why when the Mongolian army attacked Eastern Europe later, those Europeans who were far stronger than them were beaten to the ground. Most of them were killed not by swords, but by arrows. Another feature of the Mongols that everyone is familiar with is the massacre of cities. The Mongols have always done this from East Asia to West Asia, and then to Europe. Their massacres are quite distinctive and worth mentioning.

Judging from various sources (Duosang Mongolian History, Yuan History), the Mongol massacre was not caused by indulging in military discipline, and their massacre was obviously political (note this feature). The massacre is to bring the opponent to its knees. Before attacking the city, they usually say hello, and if you surrender, you will not slaughter the city. If you don't surrender, you can think about the consequences yourself. But what is wrong with them is that if they don't surrender, they will inevitably massacre the city, but they will not let go of those who surrender, why is that. This is to protect the needs of the rear. They believe that it is not safe for people to stay behind them. The frenzy in Mongolia swept the world, but Europeans seem to be more self-disciplined. They think that these horrible guys came out for no reason because they made too many mistakes. God used the whip to teach himself, so they called the Mongols "God's whip ". This honorary title was conferred for the second time in European history, the first time it was given to Attila the Hun. Historians have given a very precise definition of this kind of massacre by the Mongolian army-state terrorism. It seems that some people in the Mongolian army are quite fond of performance art. The specific manifestation is that in the battle of West Asia, the heads of the killed people were cut off and pushed into a triangular mountain. In addition, they also have a sense of black humor. For example, after conquering Baghdad, they locked the Supreme Leader Caliph in a house full of gold, silver and jewels, and let him starve to death. They solved the problem of feeding tens of millions of people all over the world, but they used the most cruel way - massacre! This is a terrible enemy, their destructive power is extremely amazing.Here we want to list a few numbers. These figures make people shudder to see. The number of remaining population when Mongolia conquered the Kingdom of Jin is as follows: There were 7.68 million households when Jin was at its peak (1207), and there were 870,000 households when Yuan disappeared (1235), a drop of 89%. The figures of the surviving population when Mongolia destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty are as follows: In the 16th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1223), there were 12.67 million households. When the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, there were 9.37 million households, a decrease of 26%. From this point of view, Mongolia is still quite lenient towards the Southern Song Dynasty. Of course, there are reasons for this, which we will talk about later. The Mongolian army’s attacks on the countries in the Central Plains were indeed powerful. It took 22 years (1205-1227) to destroy the Xixia Kingdom, and 23 years (1211-1234) to destroy the Jin Kingdom, which had swept the world. At this time, Mongolia realized its terrible strength, and they pointed the next spearhead at the Southern Song Dynasty. From their point of view, Jin Guo people who are as strong and brave as them are also vulnerable, not to mention the emaciated southerners who can only recite poems and paint all day long? In the first year of Duanping in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1234), the Mongols made all preparations to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. They believe that the Song Dynasty must be destroyed within ten years. But they did not expect that this battle had been fought for nearly 50 years, and a profuse Khan was killed. Under the threat of their massacre, these weak southerners did not seem to be afraid. From Lianghuai to Xiangyang to Sichuan, they all encountered fierce resistance. They suffered the biggest setback in Hezhou. In February of the seventh year of Song Baoyou (1259), Great Khan Mengge personally led the army to attack Hezhou, Sichuan. The battle lasted for five months.The guard Wang Jian insisted on guarding Hezhou Diaoyu City, not only repelled the attack of the Mongolian army, but also injured the Great Khan Mengge in the battle. What happened made the Mongolian nobles very puzzled. What kind of power supported these weak people and made them so strong? They are determined to find out. Although the Southern Song Dynasty put up fierce resistance, it was still unable to stop the Mongolian cavalry in the end. In 1279, after fierce resistance, Lu Xiufu, the last wartime prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, saluted the young emperor Zhao Bing at sea and said his last words: "The country has reached this point, and His Majesty has no choice but to pledge himself to the country." Then he carried the emperor on his back and jumped into the sea. The Southern Song Dynasty perished, but the mystery in the hearts of the Mongolian nobles has never been solved. At this time, they found that they might find the answer in one person. This person is Wen Tianxiang. At this time, Wen Tianxiang had been in Yuan's prison for a long time. He raised troops at the most critical moment in the Southern Song Dynasty, organized volunteers to fight against Yuan, and was captured after the defeat. Such a person who knows that he can't do it is the ideal research object for the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty.What is supporting him to do such a thing that is impossible to achieve? So, from the Song Dynasty prime minister who surrendered to the emperor, and then to the Yuan Dynasty prime minister and emperor, everyone came to persuade them to surrender, but they all got the same answer. Never surrender! In confrontation after confrontation, the Mongolian nobles realized that there was something in this man's heart that supported him. Such a thing is called morality! What is morality? They can't see or feel it, but the Mongolian nobles still grasp one point, that is, as long as this person is subdued, a model can be established, and morality can be defeated. So they tortured Wen Tianxiang in different ways, from the comfortable greenhouse to the stinking dark prison, from soft to hard, using everything. But Wen Tianxiang didn't take hard things. Wen Tianxiang insisted on his belief in the difficult environment, and wrote the eternal masterpiece - "Song of Righteous Qi". There are two sentences in it, which are the portrayal of his heart: A person's integrity and dignity are reflected in the most difficult times. The Mongolian nobles had no choice but to let Kublai Khan play. Kublai Khan was a person who had received a long-term Sinicization education. He knew very well that it was easy to kill Wen Tianxiang, but it was difficult to conquer the belief in his heart. In an almost begging tone, he said to Wen Tianxiang, you are a real talent, please stay with me and be a prime minister. Wen Tianxiang rejected him! Kublai Khan's repeated persuasion was ineffective, so he had no choice but to say to Wen Tianxiang: "What do you want to do, just say it yourself." Wen Tianxiang raised his head and said: "I just want to die!" Isn't it good to live well? Why do you have to die? That morality is so important? He admired the man, but didn't understand him either. I'll do it for you! In 1283, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground in Dadu. When he arrived at the execution ground, he was surrounded by countless people who were going to watch this heroic and unyielding man be executed. Wen Tianxiang asked the last question in his life, which direction is south, and people immediately pointed it out to him. He knelt down and bowed to the south, then sat down, and said to the executioner calmly: My business is over. On this day, Wen Tianxiang is the real winner! With his courage and determination, he told everyone that he is the out-and-out winner in this personal war against a country! He did not give up his belief until his death! The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty did not find the answer in the end. In fact, the answer is hidden in Wen Tianxiang's belt edict, which is also his suicide note. This sincerity is the swan song that illuminates the sun and the moon and makes the mountains and rivers magnificent! Wen Tianxiang's behavior told everyone that the body can be conquered, but morality cannot be conquered. This kind of morality not only belongs to everyone, but also belongs to their country and nation. Where the Tao is, although there are tens of thousands of people, I will go there! We introduce Wen Tianxiang not only to introduce his greatness, but also for more important reasons. As a typical character, Wen Tianxiang's behavior and thoughts are worthy of study. As we said before, many seemingly irrelevant things are deeply connected. There are inextricably linked relationships, and we will reveal this hidden connection and its causes in future articles. Under such circumstances, the Yuan Dynasty began its own rule. They didn't know what the people under their rule were thinking, and they didn't want to know, but Wen Tianxiang, as a model, became the spiritual idol of the ruled. Such rule will not be secure. The Mongolian nobles pay great attention to maintaining their own national characteristics. They do not accept Sinicization and do not intermarry with Han people (those who dream of marrying Zhao Min should give up). The gap between them and the ruled is getting bigger and bigger, and they cannot reach a consensus.In addition, a few nobles came out from time to time clamoring to drive away the Han people and use the farmland to raise cattle and sheep. Fortunately, the prime minister at the time stopped him, so this stupid idea was not realized. Here I want to explain that this Tuotuo is not the later Tuotuo, this Tuotuo at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty was an out-and-out good man, because of his suggestion, after the Yuan Dynasty army captured many cities, they did not massacre the local residents. It is the continuous development of farming civilization, this person is really indispensable. In addition, reading the history books of the Yuan Dynasty is a very difficult thing. Their names are often repeated, and they are always Timur, Tuotuo, etc. I once wrote a doggerel: Timur is hung on the top of the paper, and when you look up, you can take it off. Just kidding. In the big family of the Yuan Dynasty, the head of the family didn't seem to have any feelings for the family members, and he would grab whatever he liked, as if the family was not his own at all.This situation has been going on for decades, and the more the two parties look at each other, the more they don't like each other. Since they can't get along, let's separate. But the problem is that the people who work in this family are all family members. Without them, these Mongolian nobles cannot survive. But these Mongolian cavalry who used to rule the world have sunk into a life of pleasure, and some of them can't even ride a horse. They have no other skills except to bully the unarmed servants at home. And when these subordinates took up the kitchen knives and hoes that they usually work to resist, the former rulers would be at a loss. For example, the most elite unit in the Mongolian army, the Aso Army, this unit is outstanding even in the mighty Mongolian army, and has made great contributions.When the uprising broke out, they were sent to suppress it. After receiving the order, this army set off immediately, traveling day and night, with lightning speed-first to rob a handful of ordinary people. But it was bad luck. After returning from the robbery, I happened to meet the rebel army. As soon as I saw the opponent's flag, the leader of the team shouted "Abu, Abu" (run), and this is how the most elite troops retreated. Yes, after retreating, he repeatedly emphasized that he was defeated only after encountering an insurgent army several times his own. It was this kind of army quality that made the Yuan Dynasty army look vulnerable in the early days of the uprising. But as the uprising expanded, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty realized the seriousness of the problem. The blood of Genghis Khan revived in their veins. They reorganized their troops, and their combat effectiveness rose sharply. They suppressed uprisings in many parts of the country. As long as we step on the horse, we are still the descendants of the great Genghis Khan! When the Yuan Dynasty was in crisis, some generals with rich combat experience and military talents also appeared. One of the best is called Expansion Timur. He also has a well-known name——Wang Baobao. The name of Kuo Kuo Timur is too difficult to pronounce, so let's call him Wang Baobao. Wang Baobao was the nephew and adopted son of Chahan Timur, a famous general of the Yuan Dynasty. After Chahan was killed, he assumed the mission of guarding the Yuan Dynasty and became the main enemy of the Ming Dynasty. This name will be in our field of vision for a long time. Zhu Yuanzhang can finally do what he wants to do, destroy Yuan, avenge his parents, and his slogan resonates even more. "Eliminate the barbarians, restore China, establish guidelines and discipline, and relieve the people of Sri Lanka", this was also the thinking of many people at that time. We quote the famous historian Mr. Wu Han to describe the situation at that time: "Under such circumstances, the nature of the war has changed. It is no longer the nature of the class struggle of the Red Scarf Army, but a national war between the Han and Mongolians. .” Today's Mongolians are of course part of the Chinese nation, but from the perspective of historical materialism, it is unlikely that people at that time would have a party with the Mongolian cavalry. In fact, they have been waiting for this day for a long time. Yes, that was the case at the time. In October of the twenty-seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1367), Zhu Yuanzhang sent generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to lead the Northern Expedition. This Northern Expedition has special historical significance. The sixteen prefectures of Yanyun were ceded to Khitan. This person can be called one of the biggest sinners in Chinese history.His shameless personality, despicable behavior, and thick skin are difficult for future generations to match. His behavior made the Central Plains Dynasty in an indefensible passive position in the military struggle with the nomads.Since the Central Plains is dominated by infantry, while the nomads are dominated by cavalry, after the cession of sixteen states, the Central Plains infantry will directly face the impact of cavalry on the Thousand Miles Plain. To some extent, the entire Song Dynasty was destroyed in the hands of Shi Jingtang, and the soldiers in the Central Plains had to use their flesh and blood to resist the aggression of the nomads.Until the collapse of the entire Song Dynasty. Four hundred years after the fall of Yanyun, Zhu Yuanzhang started his Northern Expedition, starting a unification war from south to north that is rare in Chinese history. Zhu Yuanzhang is facing a new choice at this time, how to attack. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang had already occupied Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Huguang, but Yuan still occupied most of the north.To achieve the goal of overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty, there must be a clear battle plan. Zhu Yuanzhang did not choose the strategy of directly attacking Dadu, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. He believed that in order to completely defeat the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, he must first capture Shandong and Henan, and then attack Dadu. This strategy proved to be correct, because the Yuan Dynasty was still very strong at this time. In order to boost the morale of the army, Zhu Yuanzhang said a word to his soldiers and generals before setting off to boost their morale. "The way of heaven is good, and China has principles that must be extended. People follow suit, and everyone will take revenge." We can imagine that Zhu Yuanzhang should have said this sentence through gritted teeth. The Northern Expedition officially began, and the main generals were Xu Da and Chang Yuchun, who were called the twins of the Ming Empire. They did not disappoint Zhu Yuanzhang.Wu Jun, who had been tested by the brutal war, broke through Yuan's defenses in succession, and occupied Shandong in just three months. There is really nothing to write about this process, because the Yuan army is really vulnerable. In Wang Baobao's mind, he didn't take Zhu Yuanzhang and Xu Da seriously. In his opinion, Xu Dajun was no different from the peasant uprising army with loose discipline and poor combat effectiveness that he defeated.He used his main force to deal with Li Siqi, who was fighting for power with him, and only handed over the task of defense to his younger brother Toyin Timur. This Toyin Timur was also a good general, but with Compared with the superb Xu Da and Chang Yuchun, he is still far behind. Xu Da and Chang Yuchun used their own military actions to teach him a military theory lesson. He hadn't even thought about it in Jinan before he found that the Shandong where he was stationed had already planted the flags of the Wu army. Xu Da and Chang Yuchun didn't stop for a moment. Starting from Shandong, they divided their troops into two groups and attacked Henan. Here, they encountered the most tenacious resistance during the Northern Expedition. The man stationed here is Yuanliang King Aluwen. He is a relatively capable general. At a critical moment, he correctly understood the situation and gathered 50,000 troops to form a formation on the north bank of Luoshui, waiting for the arrival of the enemy. It should be said that he occupies a very good position. This favorable terrain brings him two advantages. If the enemy dares to attack by force, he will call in the army to attack them halfway, and he will be caught off guard. Even if the battle is weak, it will be convenient for him to retreat. run away. As it turned out, he still took full advantage of one of the advantages of the terrain, of course, not the former. When Xu Dajun arrived in Luoshui, they did not hesitate as imagined by the Mongolian army, but launched an attack immediately, and the attacker was Chang Yuchun, who was always the vanguard. He led the army across Luoshui like flying. Before the stunned Yuan army could even organize their troops, Chang Yuchun's steel knife was already on their necks.As a result, "the enemy was defeated and chased for more than fifty miles."Liang Wang Arwin made a prisoner. Only then did Wang Baobao realize that the opponent in front of him was terrifying. But it's too late. Just when Xu Da and Chang Yuchun went to Shandong and defeated the Yuan army, a new dynasty announced its birth in Yingtian. On the fourth day of the first lunar month in 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang announced in Yingtian that he would succeed the emperor, with the year name Hongwu and the country name Ming! Of course, before that, a large number of ministers must have persuaded Zhu Yuanzhang to ascend the throne, and Zhu Yuanzhang's reaction was naturally very surprised, and then repeatedly declined. The ministers would definitely not give up, so they kowtowed and wanted to die (of course it was just talking), as if Zhu Yuanzhang would not be able to survive if he was not the emperor. In order not to make the ministers sad, and to save those ministers who wanted to die, Zhu Yuanzhang had no choice but to ascend the throne reluctantly. Of course, I have to say two more words at the end, such as I was forced, and you forced me.Note that when you say these few words, you must show a very painful expression on your face, as if you are about to be dragged to beheaded. Everyone should be used to this set of tricks in history, and it has always been like this in feudal society.But it’s impossible not to perform this set. Everyone has their own needs. Ministers can be promoted and get rich after the performance, and Zhu Yuanzhang can be the emperor after the performance. It can be said to be a win-win situation. No matter how much we despise this trick, the fact that the dynasty was established and its profound influence on history exists. On this day, the Ming Dynasty was established, which will last for 276 years with its own unique way of existence, and extend its influence to each of us. Its splendor, its glory, is shared by each of us. Its darkness and its ugliness are shared by each of us. On the fourth day of the first lunar month in 1368, this day will always be remembered by history. On this day, a great dynasty was established. Zhu Yuanzhang, the cowherd baby, sat on his throne, looking at the civil and military officials kneeling below, with mixed feelings in his heart. He didn't expect that this position would belong to him. In fact, all he asked for was a full bowl of food, a home, a wife, and if he was lucky, a cow could help him plow the land. However, the cruelty of reality forced him to choose this difficult road. On this road, no one can accompany him. The only thing he can trust and rely on is himself. If I had to choose again, if I could have enough food and survive, would I still take this path? These are meaningless, the cowherd boy Zhu Yuanzhang, no, we should call him the emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, he understands very well: Once on this road, there is no turning back! Here, we also want to introduce Han Liner, where is the former emperor of Zhu Yuanzhang now? He has been at the bottom of the river for a year. In 1367, Han Liner arrived in Yingtian by boat, and was greeted by Zhu Yuanzhang's general Liao Yongzhong. As a result, there was a traffic accident on the road and the ship sank. Liao Yongzhong later admitted that he did it himself.But the question is, did he get Zhu Yuanzhang's instructions? I think this possibility is very high. Zhu Yuanzhang kept Han Lin'er just to coerce the emperor to make the princes, but when he killed Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng, an embarrassing situation appeared. The princes are gone, what do you want the emperor to do? Zhu Yuanzhang once confessed himself afterwards, saying that he had no such intention at all, that Liao Yongzhong made his own claim, and he also publicly accused him, saying that if you hadn't done this by yourself, with your credit, I would have made you a duke , now to punish you, only a Marquis. This is really a strange story. With Liao Yongzhong's contribution, how can he be named a duke compared with Xu Da, Li Wenzhong and others?Give you a marquis, and enjoy yourself secretly. In any case, Zhu Yuanzhang got everything he wanted. The matter is not over yet, Zhu Yuanzhang still has an enemy, only by eliminating this enemy can he become the true Lord of China! After successfully occupying Shandong and Henan, the Ming army marched towards the final goal of Dadu (now Beijing), which was the capital of the Yuan Dynasty and the center of Mongolian rule. As long as Dadu was occupied, the Yuan Dynasty could be declared dead. This is undoubtedly very attractive. Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were lucky, they got this mission that can be remembered in history. On July 27th of the first year of Hongwu (1368), Xu Dajun conquered Tongzhou and approached Dadu. The goal is in sight! Dadu is the center of the Yuan Dynasty, and the city defenses are very strong, and there are a large number of troops and food in the city, enough to last for more than a year. What's more serious is that in Taiyuan, not far from Dadu, the 100,000 troops under the command of Wang Baobao are watching. Always ready to be king. Xu Da and Chang Yuchun fully estimated the difficulties and made preparations to deal with various situations, and they officially surrounded Dadu on August 2. However, to their surprise, there was no army stationed here, and there was no emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. When this man heard the news, he took his wife and children and ran away on July 28. It seems that there are quite a few people who are afraid of death. When Xu Da galloped his horse into Qihua Gate, he didn't realize that he had left a great mark in history. The Yanyun region, which had been lost by the Central Plains regime for four hundred years, was finally regained. Since then, it has defended its children like a mother's arm and resisted the aggression of nomads.Under its blessing, the Ming Dynasty gained the time and environment to develop political economy and made great contributions to the development and continuation of the Chinese nation. After the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, after four hundred years of wars, the Central Plains regime finally truly and completely controlled the land. In this land, under the protection of the Ming Dynasty, the farmers worked hard and the merchants ran back and forth. Advanced productive forces continue to move forward. This is an immortal historical feat! Glory belongs to Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, and even more to Zhu Yuanzhang! No matter what Zhu Yuanzhang did is right or wrong, and no matter what future generations think of Zhu Yuanzhang, no one can take away his glory, and no one can deny his immortal feats! Zhu Yuanzhang, history will prove your greatness! We want to explain that the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty at that time was named Tuo Huan Tie Muer, and his posthumous title was Yuan Huizong. The title of Emperor Yuan Shun was not given to him by the Yuan Dynasty, but by the Ming Dynasty to the subjugated emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. A kind of ridicule, Zhu Yuanzhang has a sense of humor on this point, because he gave up the strong capital and chose to escape. The Ming Dynasty believed that he "followed the will of heaven", so he was called Emperor Yuanshun. After Emperor Yuan Shun launched Dadu, he fled to Shangdu (now Kaiping, in the Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia), and continued to be his emperor. It was called Beiyuan in history, and the era of Yuan as a national regime ended. The Yuan dynasty was gone, but for Zhu Yuanzhang and his generals, the challenge had just begun. After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, which ruled the whole country, the Mongolian nobles still attempted to regain control of the Central Plains and continued to organize forces to counterattack.The situation at that time was not optimistic for Zhu Yuanzhang. At this time, Wang Baobao led more than 100,000 troops to occupy Shanxi and Gansu.Prime Minister Naha led more than 200,000 troops to defend Liaodong.And there are more than 100,000 troops in Yunnan, and even Koryo (now North Korea) still obeys the rule of Yuan. This is like when Zhu Yuanzhang was sleeping, a group of people with big knives and long sticks stood beside him, ready to give him a blow at any time. Under such circumstances, Xu Da and Chang Yuchun started to attack again, this time their target was Wang Baobao. At this time, the Yuan army finally learned from the pain and reorganized the army. Emperor Yuan Shun also realized Wang Baobao's strength and handed over all military command power to him.Wang Baobao finally got the military power he dreamed of, and he will lead the elite Yuan army to a decisive battle with Xu Da, the number one general of the Ming Dynasty who commanded the Ming army. After Xu Da and Chang Yuchun captured Dadu, they divided their troops into two groups. Chang Yuchun went south to Baoding and attacked Shanxi from the north. Xu Da's troops marched into Zhangde and attacked from the south.They planned to attack Wang Baobao in Taiyuan and wipe him out in one fell swoop, because Chang Yuchun, the first vanguard, became the commander of the North Route Army, and Tang He served as the vanguard of Xu Dajun.This old friend of Zhu Yuanzhang really wanted to take the lead. Without Xu Da's permission, he made a breakthrough on his own and conquered Zezhou. In his opinion, Shanxi was just around the corner! It turns out that they took Wang Baobao too simply. It was this moment that Wang Baobao was waiting for. Taking advantage of the opportunity of Tang He's lone army going deep, he assembled a large army overnight to attack Tang He in Handian, Shanxi. The Ming army led by Tang He suffered a disastrous defeat, causing thousands of casualties. Xu Dajun was in trouble, and this was his first confrontation with his future rival Wang Baobao. At this time, Emperor Yuanshun suddenly had troubles. After returning to Shangdu, he saw grasslands and deserts every day. It was better to have a big city. He regretted why he escaped from Dadu. The victory of Handian encouraged him. , it seems that the Ming army is not terrible.So he ordered Wang Baobao to gather the main force, go north to Juyongguan, and regain most of the capital! After careful preparation and planning, Wang Baobao led an army of 100,000 to attack Dadu.But in his mind, he had two plans. If Xu Da didn't go to the rescue, he would take the opportunity to capture Dadu and welcome Emperor Yuanshun back to his throne.If Xu Da came to help, he would wait for work at leisure, set a trap, and ambush Xu Da. It's a foolproof plan, and no matter which path Xu Da chooses, he's a winner. But Xu Da chose the third path, a path that made him dumbfounded. After Xu Da got the news of Wang Baobao's attack on Dadu, he calmly analyzed the situation. He saw through Wang Baobao's plan and was determined to give him an unexpected surprise. Aren't you going to attack Dadu? I'll attack your Taiyuan! Xu Da thinks that most of them are garrisoned by large troops, and the city defenses are strong, so there is nothing to worry about.Take ten thousand steps back and say that even if you lose it, just call back and you can afford it.But Wang Baobao was different. He came out in full force, Taiyuan became an empty city, and the main force of the Ming army was very close to Taiyuan. If Wang Baobao did not have Taiyuan, he would have to go outside the pass to herd sheep.So he led the cavalry straight to Taiyuan overnight. In fact, Xu Da's goal is not Taiyuan, but Wang Baobao. He believes that Wang Baobao will return to the rescue. Sure enough, Wang Baobao was shocked when he got the news, and immediately led 100,000 cavalry back to rescue Taiyuan. He fought back very quickly and encountered Xu Da near Taiyuan. At this time, Xu Da's army was mainly composed of cavalry, but the infantry brigade had not yet arrived, and the number of soldiers was only half of Wang Baobao's. The two cavalry units met in this way. This was also the first large-scale confrontation between the cavalry of the Central Plains regime and the Mongolian cavalry that spanned the world. Since ancient times, cavalry has been one of the most powerful arms. With the help of horses, the originally weak infantry has become a highly assaultable and mobile force. Unfortunately, in Chinese history, except for a few Outside the three dynasties, their military forces were dominated by infantry.This made them suffer a lot when facing cavalry. But the cavalry is not invincible. Facts have proved that the heavy infantry of ancient Rome could restrain the cavalry with spear formations, but the Chinese have never had the habit of wearing armor of tens of kilograms, and there was no exchange system between China and the West at that time.The Chinese have Chinese methods. They are constantly studying the method of using infantry to control cavalry. One of the successful ones is Zhuge Liang. The Shu army under his rule was the nightmare of Cao Cao's army. He invented a number of weapons to restrain cavalry, the first is the stud, this thing is uniquely designed, no matter how you throw it on the ground, one side of the nail always faces upwards.打仗前就洒在骑兵即将冲击的地带，骑兵到来时，马蹄就会被扎烂。其使用方法类似今天修自行车的小贩在路上洒图钉。当然，唯一的区别在于，马被扎后，是不会有人帮你补的。 第二招是大车，诸葛亮的军队都配备有木车，当发现骑兵时，就将木车挡在步兵前面，用来阻挡骑兵冲击，也算是木械化部队了。 最狠的是第三招，也是诸葛亮最神奇的发明，连弩，这绝对是当年的机关枪，据史料记载，这种连弩是一击十发，杀伤力极大，所以当年的魏军骑兵很畏惧与蜀军交锋。 但这种方法操作性太强，而且不适合进攻，所以使用的范围并不大。 到了宋朝，在与西夏和辽的战斗中，由于步兵长期打不过骑兵，为改变这种被动局面，不知是哪位天才一拍脑袋，想出了以几千名步兵组成大方阵，还取了个学名，所谓“以步制骑”。 上阵交锋，其结果是，打也打不了，跑也跑不掉。直到天才将领岳飞出现并组建了专业骑兵岳家军后，中原政权才算是扬眉吐气了一把。抵御住了金国骑兵的攻击。 到了元朝，以骑兵起家的蒙古军把骑兵战术发展到了极致，并依仗这一战术横扫天下。他们骄傲的认为，只要自己有马，就不用担心自己的统治被推翻。 然而就在蒙古骑兵威风凛凛的在官道上呼啸而过，两边的南人百姓只能俯首躲避时，那些低垂下的头所思考的并不只是往哪里躲避，他们中间的很多人都坚信，一定有办法打败这些骑兵，一定有办法的。 其实方法很简单，只是实行起来很困难。 综观历史上强盛的中原王朝，都有一支强悍的骑兵部队，而此时的明朝也是一样，徐达和常遇春都是非常厉害的骑兵将领。他们对骑兵调配自如，选择突破方向准确，对骑兵的使用已到了得心应手的地步。 在被元朝统治的九十余年里，中原的人们不断向他们的敌人——蒙古骑兵学习着使用骑兵以及战胜骑兵的战术。 在漫长的积累和等待后，拿起武器反抗的人们终于走到幕前，和他们的骑兵老师蒙古军队决战。而徐达和常遇春正是其中最为优秀的代表。 现在，他们正面对着蒙古军队最勇猛的将领王保保。 洪武元年（1368）十二月一日，徐达率领明军骑兵抵达太原城下，与回师救援的王保保军对峙于太原城外。但由于兵力不如王保保，徐达始终没有发动进攻，王保保不知对方葫芦里卖的什么药，自己及时赶到，徐达跑来偷袭太原的目的没有得逞，但他居然不打也不撤，实在无法理解，于是他一时间也不敢动弹。 十二月四日，常遇春经过三天的观察和思考，对徐达说出了自己的意见：“我军步兵未到达，如果只以现在这些骑兵与敌人对攻，只会增加自己的伤亡，不如选择深夜偷袭敌营。”（我骑兵虽集，步卒未至，骤战必多杀伤，夜劫之可得志） 这个意见毫无疑问是正确的，常遇春实在是一代名将，眼光独到，判断准确。似乎是天助徐达，就在这个时候，太原守将豁鼻马派使者投降，并表示愿意充当内应（这应该算是个蒙奸）。 一切都预备好了，马已喂好，刀已磨亮，只等晚上动手了。 当天晚上，王保保没有睡觉（算他运气好），这个爱学习的人，此刻正坐于军营之中秉烛夜读兵书，突然听见外面喊声大作，他心知不妙，当机立断，毅然决定逃跑，逃跑时颇为狼狈，光着一只脚跑出大营，匆忙骑上一匹马，就飞奔出营。 您问那十万大军怎么办？连我的鞋都不要了，还要军队干什么？可见名将就是名将，懂得权衡利弊，毕竟自己的命最重要，所谓千军易得，一将难求嘛。 可那十万大军没有了主帅，就像没头的苍蝇，四万人被歼灭，余者全部逃散，王保保在卫队的保护下一口气逃出上百里，可是常遇春并没有放过他。 常遇春深知除恶务尽的道理，连夜出击，王保保叫苦不迭，边逃边战，等他逃往大同时，他的身边只剩下了十八名侍卫。而常遇春一口气追击到了忻州才撤回。 这是一场真正的歼灭战，也是中原骑兵对蒙古骑兵的第一次大胜。 月黑雁飞高，单于夜遁逃。 欲将轻骑逐，大雪满弓刀！ 在攻克山西后，徐达带领军队继续进攻陕西，此时的陕西是由地主武装李思齐和张良弼等人镇守，中国历史上，由于地形问题，大凡从山西进攻陕西，都是极为艰苦，难以攻下。从最初的秦国据守函谷关据六国，到后来的日本人侵略中国，拚了老命，却始终无法踏入陕西一步。 但这次情况不同。 李思齐身经百战，但他并不想打仗，他对元朝很难说有什么深厚的感情，他组织军队对抗起义军，说到底不过是怕那些泥腿子抢了自家的粮食。所以当徐达军进攻时，他一退再退，一直退到临洮，感觉戏也演够了，对元朝有了交代，就投降了。而张良弼和他的弟弟张良臣可谓是不识时务，先降后叛，坚守庆阳，后被徐达讨平，终究没有掀起什么大风浪。 至此，陕西和山西平定，北方的大部地区落入了明军之手，为后来与元的决战做好了准备。 新王朝对旧王朝都有赶尽杀绝的习惯，如南宋的残余部队逃到了崖山（今广东新会），元朝军队还不放过，硬是把他们赶到了海上全部消灭。世易时移，现在轮到朱元璋了。 元顺帝不喜欢荒凉的上都（开平），想要回到大都（北京），朱元璋却连上都也不想让他呆了。 洪武二年六月，常遇春出兵开始了北伐，但他没有想到的是，这竟然是自己的最后一次出征。 与他一同出征的是李文忠，两人带领八万步兵，一万骑兵开始了这次远征。在常遇春那种特有的突袭攻击方式下，元军不堪一击。北伐军先攻锦州，击败元将江文清，后攻全宁，击败元丞相也速，军队丝毫不停，进攻大兴州，击败元军并擒获元朝丞相脱火赤。 在短短的一个月时间内，元精心设置，号称可防二十年的抵御防线，在常遇春面前就像豆腐一样软弱，这位明朝第一先锋在他人生的最后一战中充分显现了锐不可当的威力。他带领骑兵一路马不停蹄，逼近上都！ 元顺帝此时正在上都，听说明军攻来，他充分发挥了自己的特长——逃跑，带着老婆孩子连夜遁去。一直逃到了应昌（今内蒙古达来淖尔湖），狼狈不堪，在他逃跑的途中，应该可以充分体会一百年前宋朝君主的心情。而后来的事实证明，这并不是他最后一次搬家。 常遇春一向是穷追猛打的，他追击几十里，杀掉了宗王庆生和平章鼎珠，此战还俘虏了上万蒙古兵，在打仗的同时，常遇春东西也没少拿，他把元顺帝的家当马三千匹，牛五万头全部带了回来。 此战毫无悬念，也没有什么激烈的战斗，这并不是因为元军软弱，而是由于常遇春太快，他就像一个高明的剑客，手持利剑，在对手反应过来之前，已经直插对手的心脏！这样的对手太可怕了。 常遇春胜利班师，经过柳河川时，暴病而死，年四十。 醉卧沙场君莫笑，古来征战几人还！ 综观常遇春的一生，从太平之战自告奋勇，到北出沙漠，所向无敌，他用自己的行动证明了他是真正的军事天才，是真正的第一先锋。他的生命就像灿烂的流星，虽然短暂，却是那样的光耀照人，他的军事才能和功绩也将永远为人们所传颂。 在常遇春北伐的同时，徐达也正在关中奋战，他派遣部将张温（相当厉害）前去攻取甘肃，张温进展顺利，很快就攻下了兰州等地，就在徐达节节胜利之时，危险也正向他靠近。 王保保在败退回太原后，并没有采取大的军事行动，他在观察徐达的动向。在经过前两次的交锋后，他已经很清楚地认识到，自己眼前的对手有多可怕。如果没有好的机会，他是绝对不会出击的。 高手过招，最忌心浮气躁，王保保的直觉告诉他，现在只能等待。 当他发现张温孤军深入，攻取兰州后，一直躲在家睡觉的王保保敏锐的感觉到，机会到了。 他立刻动员了十余万大军，兵分两路，先以步骑数万围攻兰州，但兰州并不是他的最终目的，只是一个诱饵。他把主力隐藏起来，驻兵十万在地形险要的定西。这一招在兵法上叫围点打援。 他相信自己的判断，兰州对于明军太重要了，他们一定会派兵来救的，现在要做的就是等鱼上钩了。 他的判断没有错，很快第一条鱼就来了。 在得知兰州被围后，明将于光率部前来救援，当他到达兰州附近时，发现自己已经陷入了元军的包围，在奋战之后，全军覆没，于光战死。 王保保终于取得了这次计划中的第一个胜利，但也有一件事情他没有想到，那就是兰州的守将张温的能力。 当数万大军把兰州围得水泄不通的时候，张温却毫不慌张，他分析了敌情后，正确的作出了主动出击的判断，他亲自带领三千人突袭城外数万敌军，居然打败元军，使其后撤几十里，为后来的定西之战争取了时间。 当然除了这件事情让王保保意外，其他的一切都在计划之中，他仍然采取这种方式，等待着第二条鱼上钩。 第二条鱼确实来了，不过却是一条鲨鱼。 王保保的军事行动引起了朱元璋的注意，洪武三年（1370）正月初三，朱元璋召开军事会议，他看透了王保保的企图，制定出了一个更为复杂的计划。 计划是这样的，首先命徐达为征虏大将军，李文忠为左副将军，冯胜为右副将军，邓愈为左副副将军，汤和为右副副将军率军出征。当时元顺帝正在应昌，而朱元璋一向是个要么不做，要么做绝的人，他准备让元顺帝再搬远一点，如果能够赶去西伯利亚当然最好，就算不行，也不能让他过得舒服。 他命令不要再救援兰州，而是让大将军徐达自潼关出西安直接攻击定西，与王保保决战；另外一路，让左副将军李文忠出居庸关入沙漠攻击应昌，去帮元顺帝搬家。 同时，为了迷惑王保保，他还命令大将金朝兴、汪兴祖分别进攻山西、河北北部元军，以吸引元军注意力，策应主力作战。 这个计划可谓是天衣无缝，王保保也确实没有识穿朱元璋的计策。他仍然在定西守株待兔，可惜他的对手是朱元璋和徐达，不是兔子。 洪武三年（1670）二月，四路大军同时出发，一时之间，军报纷纷传到王保保处，战局乱成一片，二十五日，王保保得到消息，金朝兴攻克东胜州。三月二十三日，他又得知，汪兴祖攻克朔州。而李文忠已经出居庸关，正在他手忙脚乱之时，真正的敌人已经靠近。 三月二十九日，徐达率师进抵定西。王保保已经退无可退，只能决一死战了。 定西的沈儿峪即将成为决战的战场。 这一次，徐达带了将近四十万人进攻王保保，为达到突击的效果，他亲自率领十万军队连夜奔袭定西，元军已经做好了迎战的准备，然而接下来发生的事情让他们堕入云里雾里。 徐达的十万人到达后，并没有任何作战的表示，相反，他的军队第一个行动是去找木头，修房子和营寨，元军大惑不解，难道他们想在这里常住？ 统帅王保保却明白徐达的用意，他不住的感叹，徐达真是深通兵法之人，王保保守住定西沈儿峪的目的就是为了诱敌攻坚，并伺机反攻，然而徐达不上他的当，先扎稳阵脚，慢慢对付他。 这个人真是不容易对付啊。 更让他郁闷的是，明军三月二十九日到达，却不急于出战，只是用小股部队试探，让元军烦恼不已。而到了四月五日，情况出现了恶化。 从四月五日起，徐达将士兵分成三班倒，不断派士兵到王保保兵营放火，袭击，如果不搞这些，他们也没有闲着，就在元军营帐前敲锣打鼓，还有吊嗓子的，甚有开场唱戏的苗头，元兵又累又饿，不得休息。逼急了，想要进攻，又碍于敌方营垒坚固，只能看着干着急。 王保保再也坐不住了，他明白，这样下去，军队不被打垮，也被闹垮了，他不得不出击了。 六日，王保保通过当地人的指引，找到了一条小路，可以抄明军的侧翼，他派遣了一千精兵对明军发动了突然袭击，明军万没有想到元军会突然出现，阵势大乱，左军大将惊慌失措，脱离了指挥位置，元军得以攻入内营，眼看明军就要大乱，此时徐达在中军帐内听到外面大乱，他没有像王保保一样惊慌失措，而是静听动静，并依靠他的军事直觉判断出这不过是小股部队的偷袭，于是他骑马赶往侧翼，并亲自持剑督战，士兵们看到他的身影，顿时士气大震，将元军击溃。 在危急时刻判断出敌情，并能够及时应对，是一个将领最重要的素质，徐达不愧名将之威名。 元军溃败后，王保保以为明军会收敛一点，没有想到刚收兵回营，明军又开始开台唱戏了，这下子王保保也没有办法了，他晚上也睡不着，只有苦笑着看着对面尽情表演的明军。 其实他也烦恼不了多久了，因为明军的目的已经达到了，他们即将采取行动。 就在元军被吵得不得安宁却又无计可施时，四月七日夜里，明军突然停止了以往的喧嚣，元军大喜，纷纷开始休息，虽然他们心里也知道，明军的这次安静并不寻常，但长期不能睡觉的痛苦实在让他们无法忍受。于是个个倒头就睡。 在元军开始休息的同时，等待多时的徐达正在检阅他的士兵，这么长时间的等待，就是为了今晚！他十分清楚，今晚是最好的时机，也是唯一的机会。王保保占有地利，而且有十万之众，自己远道而来，粮草无法长期维持下去，这个机会一定要抓住，如果不能一鼓作气击败对方，最后的失败者就会是自己。为了取得胜利，他作出了一个决定。 最大程度发挥士兵的战斗力，是将领的责任，一般来说，将领们是利用自己的谋略和军事调度来达到这一目的，然而当战斗到了最关键时刻，所有的军事智慧都无法再发挥作用时，将领们就只剩下最后一招，亲自上阵。 徐达在出征前，将他的部队放在前列，以保证所有的士兵都能看到他的帅旗，无论士兵们在何处奋战，只要看到这面旗帜，他们就会有勇气战斗下去。 这是没有办法的办法，却也是唯一的办法。 徐达五条全占，岂有不胜之理！ 就在元兵熟睡时，徐达以中央突破战法，偷袭元军中军，元军实在过于疲倦，甚至有的士兵听到了喊声，也无力起身，乖乖的做了俘虏。明军在徐达的带领下，以雷霆万钧之势，全歼元军，十万大军就此崩溃。 此时王保保正在中军营休息，事实证明，他在逃跑方面是很有点天赋的，这位仁兄在大乱之中，反应仍然十分敏捷，抢过了马，还顺道带上了自己的老婆孩子，向北方逃去。一片混乱之中，尚能如此周全，不服不行啊。 此战明军大败元军，生擒元剡王、元济王及文武大臣一千九百余人，蒙古士兵八万四千余人（可怕的数字）。王保保又一次全军覆没，这一次，他连十八个侍卫都没有，只带着老婆孩子逃到了黄河边，想起惨况，唯有抱头痛哭。 很多史书写到这里就没有了，这是不太符合逻辑的，因为王保保没有长翅膀，也没有摩托车，不可能飞过黄河，所以就在这里丢下王保保也是不太厚道的。其实如果考察历史中的很多细节，就会发现很多有趣的地方。 仔细分析王保保过黄河的经历，我们就会发现，平时多学几种技术是多么的重要。 王保保到了黄河边后，没有渡河的船只，但名将是不会被难倒的，他不知去哪里找来了根木头，让他的老婆孩子趴在上头，全家老小就抱着这根木头过了河。（保保与其妻子数人从古城北遁去，至黄河，得流木以度） 可以看出，王保保一定很擅长游泳，另外他应该还有一定操纵船只的能力，定西在甘肃境内，是黄河上游，此地水流湍急，划船也不一定能横渡，而他抱着木头就能过黄河，实在是一种本事。这真是个多才多艺的人啊。 王保保上岸后，望着对岸的景色，悲痛欲绝，在不久之前，他还有一支庞大的军队，现在却只剩下了自己和老婆孩子。 十万大军，毁于一旦！ 向对岸遥拜后，他骑上马向和林（今蒙古乌兰巴托西南）奔去，在那里他还能够东山再起。 事情还没有完，我还有机会的。 在王保保溃败的同时，李文忠正在帮元顺帝搬家，他自出居庸关以后，连续击败阻挡他的元太尉蛮子（不是外号）、平章沙不丁朵耳只八刺（名字比较长），并再次攻克开平，五月二十一日，他到达了元顺帝的老巢应昌。 元顺帝确实是个可怜的人，自洪武二年（1369）被迫搬家后，在应昌只住了几个月，就死掉了，他这个皇帝当真是相当窝囊。可是追悼会还没来得及开，老相识李文忠又一次不请自来，此时的元朝倒是相当硬气，想要固守。可是固守也是要有实力的，何况攻城的是李文忠。 李文忠丝毫不客气，既然你不肯自己搬，那就只有帮你了。 他攻城效率之高，令人惊叹，攻下应昌只用了一天，蒙古骑兵素来以速度快，机动性强闻名，但面对李文忠这样的进攻速度，他们也只有瞠目结舌了。 由于没有想到李文忠如此厉害，城里的王公贵族们都没来得及跑，元顺帝的老婆们全部被俘，王公大臣们全部被抓，其中还包括元顺帝的孙子买的里八刺。 唯一跑掉的是元顺帝的儿子爱猷识理达腊，也就是后来的元昭宗。他跑到了和林，和王保保会合，这对难兄难弟抱头痛哭，立志报仇雪恨。 说到这里，大家可能有疑问，为什么王保保如此惨败，还要称呼他为名将呢，这涉及到一个很重要的问题，名将是什么样的人？ 如同前面所说，我们会对历史中某些本质性的东西进行分析，当然了，还是用我的方式。 很多人都羡慕名将的风采，也很想体会一下在战场上指挥千军万马的感觉，所以军事论坛里往往人满为患，很多军事迷都恨自己没有出生在金戈铁马的年代。 但实际情况是，历史上的名将毕竟只是少数，大多数的都是类似三国志游戏里面的小兵，上阵不久就被杀死。而且名将绝不是那么容易炼成的。 在下就此谈一下看法，因为这也有助于我们了解后来的明朝大将们的成长过程和经历及明朝军事制度的一些问题。 在成为名将的道路上，我们要经历六个坎坷，让我们以六个年级来标明他们，只有战胜眼前的坎