Chapter 13 (13) Green plum wine

As the saying goes, "Heroes rise from all directions in troubled times". In the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms era, all princes called themselves heroes. However, Cao Cao claimed that there were only two people who could be called heroes at that time. One was Cao Cao himself, and the other was valued by Cao Cao. Who would it be?Why did Cao Cao say that he is a hero?Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest of "Hundreds of Lectures", and will give you a wonderful taste of the Three Kingdoms - Plum Boiled Wine. Among the many heroes in the Three Kingdoms era, Liu Bei has always been a mystery.When he first debuted, he had nothing and ran around everywhere, because he took refuge in others and was notorious for being capricious.However, wherever he went, he was always respected and warmly received by others. Cao Cao even believed that only himself and Liu Bei were the real heroes.At that time, Liu Bei had no territory of his own, nor his own army, so he was under the fence of Cao Cao, so why did Cao Cao still call Liu Bei a hero?In real history, did Cao Cao say this?The real Liu Bei in history, is his deed worthy of the evaluation of a hero?Professor Yi Zhongtian of Xiamen University is a guest of "Hundreds of Lectures", and will give you a wonderful taste of the "Green Plum Boiled Wine" of the Three Kingdoms.

We mentioned in the last episode that Cao Cao is very good at employing people. Cao Cao is good at employing people because he knows people, that is, because he can judge people. He didn't pay much attention to the arrogant Yuan Shao, but he looked at Liu Bei differently, and said, "Today, the only heroes in the world are the king and the ear".This story was later deduced into a very wonderful plot of the novel, which is "Green Plum Cooking Wine On Heroes", the story in it is probably like this—— The father-in-law of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, General Dong Cheng, a chariot and cavalry general, carried a secret edict in the belt of Emperor Xian, "When Cao Gong is punished", that is, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty hid a secret edict in his belt and gave it to Dong Cheng, asking him to kill Cao Cao.Then Dong Cheng found some like-minded people to carry out this palace coup together, and Liu Bei was found among them. After finding Liu Bei, Dong Cheng and Liu Bei made a blood alliance, just made a glass of wine, put the blood in it, and drank the blood wine. Then "the title of the certificate", wrote a title called "righteousness", everyone came to sign, we must defend the emperor and eliminate the Cao thief, everyone signed: Chariot General Dong Cheng, Zuo General Liu Bei.After this matter was done, Liu Bei told Dong Cheng that this matter is very confidential, we must be careful not to arouse the suspicion of Cao thief, so Liu Bei returned to the place where he lived and started to grow vegetables.

Liu Bei has been running around in the chaotic times of the Three Kingdoms, looking for opportunities to get ahead. How could he work with Cao Cao in the court and participate in the palace coup to kill Cao Cao?It turned out that after Liu Bei started to suppress the Yellow Turban Army, he was valued by some princes at that time. Xuzhou Mu Taoqian asked Liu Bei for help at a time of crisis. Later, Tao Qian handed Xuzhou to Liu Bei before he died of illness, but Liu Bei was attacked by Yuan Shu and Lu Bu. , Liu Bei could not resist, so he was forced to defect to Cao Cao. So that day Liu Bei was planting vegetables, Cao Cao sent someone to invite him, Liu Bei had no choice but to follow the visitor to the Cao Mansion, the first thing Cao Cao said when he saw Liu Bei was, the general did a great job at home!At that time, Liu Bei was so frightened that his face turned pale, but Cao Cao said, why do you grow vegetables at home?Oh, it turned out that it was this matter that made Liu Bei feel relieved.Then Cao Cao took Liu Bei into the garden and said that when I was marching, I encountered a problem, that is, there was no water to drink, so I told the soldiers that there was a plum forest in front of them, and there were many green plums in it to quench their thirst. , All the soldiers’ mouths were full of saliva, which is the origin of the allusion "Watch plums to quench thirst"; now that the plums are ripe again, I think of this past, and think that this green plum is just right for making wine, so I cook it with green plum I ordered some wine and invited you to drink with me.While drinking, dark clouds began to appear in the sky, Cao Cao said, look at this "dragons follow the clouds, tigers follow the wind". If there are clouds, there must be dragons, and if there are winds, there will be tigers. Tigers are with the wind, and dragons follow the wind. It is with the clouds. You see, the clouds in the sky look like dragons. What are the characteristics of dragons?The dragon is fickle and ambitious, just like a hero. Hey, shall we discuss who is the hero today?Liu Bei said, look, how can I, Liu Bei, be qualified to discuss heroes, and I don't know a few people.Cao Cao said it doesn't matter, you don't know these people, you must have heard of them, you see who are the heroes?Liu Bei said, for example, Yuan Shu, Cao Cao said "the dead bones in the tomb", Yuan Shao, "what is there to worry about", Liu Bei counted one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and Cao Cao said he was not a hero.Liu Bei said, then Liu Bei doesn't know who is a hero, so Cao Cao pointed at Liu Bei, then at himself and said:

"Today, the only heroes in the world are Shi Jun and Cao Er." At that time, Liu Bei was eating, probably holding chopsticks in one hand and a spoon in the other. With a "click", the chopsticks and spoon fell to the ground.Cao Cao said, why are you doing this?It happened that there was thunder in the sky, and Liu Bei said, oh, look at this thunder, this thunder scared me.Then Liu Bei told Guan Yu and Zhang Fei after returning to his residence, we can't stay here anymore, because Cao Cao's words are tantamount to saying that I will be the one who will compete with him in the future, can he tolerate me?We have to find a chance to go.Then it happened that Cao Cao needed someone to intercept Yuan Shu, so Liu Bei went.This is the general storyline of "Green Plum Cooking Wine on Heroes". From a literary point of view, this paragraph is very wonderful, and from a historical point of view, it is generally true, because all of its sayings have their own origins, such as Cao Cao The sentence he said is recorded in the "Three Kingdoms", Dong Chengxian's secret edict "Three Kingdoms" and "Hou Hanshu".

In it, he wrote Green Plum Cooking Wine on Heroes, in which it was written that Liu Bei secretly participated in the event of overthrowing Cao Cao's Yidai Zhao, so he had a ghost in his heart, and heard Cao Cao say "today the hero, only the king and Cao's ear" Finally, thinking that Cao Cao knew the inside story, he was so scared that his chopsticks fell to the ground, and he was about to run away as soon as he got home.Does the Yidaizhao incident really exist?If it exists, it is only in the conspiracy stage, why did Liu Bei run away in a panic?What does Mr. Yi Zhongtian think about this matter?

My opinion is this. The matter of Yidai Zhao was recorded in both "Three Kingdoms" and "Hou Han Shu". The record in "Three Kingdoms" is as follows: "The chariot and cavalry general Dong received the secret edict in the belt of Emperor Xian. He should punish Duke Cao, but the former master has not issued it." It's just that Liu Bei didn't get involved in this matter at the beginning. "At that time, Duke Cao calmly referred to the Former Lord and said: "Today, the only heroes are the emperor and Cao Er." It just so happened that Cao Cao didn't know what was going on at this time, and he said this to Liu Bei inexplicably, so what happened to Liu Bei?

"So he conspired with Cheng et al." It has the word "Sui Yu", which means that Liu Beicai and Dong Cheng formed an alliance.It happened that Liu Bei was sent out by Cao Cao to fight Yuan Shao again, but he "hadn't sent it out", so he didn't get involved.These two happened to be so coincidental that there was a logical problem, so the order was reversed. It was Liu Bei who participated in Dong Cheng's plot first, and then Cao Cao said that sentence again, so Liu Bei ran away.In this way, it makes sense logically, but Liu Bei's character is suspicious. Didn't you swear with Dong Cheng that you would swear a blood alliance and draw up a bond book name to get rid of that bastard?How come you just saw a well rope and ran away like a snake before things started?You should stay in the capital and wait and see for a while to see if there is a chance to make a move.So for Liu Bei, is the life of Long Live Lord or your Liu Bei's life important?Is this how you act as a loyal minister?Shouldn't loyal ministers sacrifice their lives for the country, die for the country, and share the worries of the emperor?How did you run away?There is another problem.In this way, the question focused on one question, that is, did Liu Bei intercept Yuan Shu at his own request, or did Cao Cao send him there?

The statement in "Three Kingdoms • The Legend of the First Lord" makes us feel that Cao Cao sent him there, called "meeting envoy", and this "meeting" was sent out by chance, so Liu Bei was not greedy for life and afraid of death, not treacherous, but invincible. By myself, this is a cover-up for Liu Bei.However, the records in "Three Kingdoms·Cheng Yu Biography" are different. How does "Cheng Yu Biography" record it?After Liu Bei led his troops to intercept Yuan Shu, Cheng Yu and Guo Jia got the news and immediately went to Cao Cao. Then Cheng Yu said something, what did Cheng Yu say?

"Gong did not plan the day before yesterday, and Yu waited for sincerity to be inferior. Now, if you use it as a soldier, you must have a different intention." "If you use it as a soldier, you must have a different heart."How do you understand this sentence?That is, Liu Bei not only took the initiative to ask to go out to intercept Yuan Shu - because Yuan Shu was going to join Yuan Shao at that time, but also borrowed troops from Cao Cao, and Cao Cao also borrowed troops from him. Cheng Yu said that this was evidence of Liu Bei's dissent.After hearing this, Cao Cao regretted it, and sent someone to chase him again, but he couldn't come back.Then as soon as Liu Bei arrived in Xuzhou, he killed Che Zhou, the governor of Xuzhou, and occupied Xuzhou himself. Of course, he was surprisingly lucky, and it happened that Yuan Shu died again at this time.From this we can draw a conclusion that Liu Bei took the initiative to ask to intercept Yuan Shu, and his interception of Yuan Shu was an excuse, in fact, he wanted to escape Cao Cao's control.

The fundamental reason why Liu Bei did this is that he is a hero. Since he is a hero, he will not be willing to live under the fence. He will leave sooner or later.The direct reason is that Cao Cao said that sentence, which pierced his mind, and he felt that it was impossible for him to keep a low profile.So the conclusion drawn from this should be that Cao Cao said this sentence.But why did Cao Cao say this?When Cao Cao said this, he made it clear that it was the two of us who fought for the world. Since Cao Cao thought so, he should have killed Liu Bei.Even if he didn't kill Liu Bei, he would at least put Liu Bei under house arrest. How could he let him go?Why didn't he say that Fang ran away, but still lent him the army?What is your name?Letting the tiger go back to the mountain is like adding wings to a tiger. With Cao Cao's cunning or cleverness, he shouldn't do such a stupid thing.After such an inference, we in turn feel that the whole incident is very suspicious, and the whole incident is suspicious.

The suspicious thing about the incident is that Cao Cao cooked wine with green plums, thinking that he and Liu Bei were the only heroes in the world, but since Liu Bei participated in the plot to overthrow Cao Cao, he left before the plot to eliminate Cao Cao started. Is this what a hero does?Secondly, Cao Cao hinted in front of Liu Bei that the other party was his future opponent to fight for the world when he was talking about heroes with green plums cooking wine. With Cao Cao's foresight, would he say this?What is Mr. Yi Zhongtian's opinion on these two issues? My conclusion is, first, Liu Bei is a hero, and second, Cao Cao said this sentence. Let's look at the first question first, is Liu Bei a hero?Saying that Liu Bei is a hero is hard for many people to accept. This is also influenced by it. It gives us the impression that Liu Bei is a worthless man with only two abilities. The first is that he can cry, and the second is that he can run. The so-called Liu Bei cries Jingzhou, everyone knows that after he borrowed Jingzhou, Lu Su came to ask for Jingzhou back, Liu Bei asked Zhuge Liang what to do?Zhuge Liang said it was very simple, you just cry, once you cry, Lu Su has no claim.In fact, this is untrue. First, Liu Bei is not only good at crying and running, he can do other things. Second, crying and running is not shameful, nor can it prove that he is useless or not a hero.Because we need to see why he cries and why he runs. If he wins, he will fight. If he can’t win, he will run. This is normal.Of course you have to run, right?Then crying depends on why he is crying. For example, if Guan Yu dies and he cries, it is not shameful, it is his affection!In fact, we went to see Cao Cao, will Cao Cao run away?Cao Cao didn't run away too much, right? When Cao Cao first raised his troops, he ran away when he couldn't win. Once Cao Hong lent him his horse before he ran away; Cao Cao didn't cry, even if Guo Jia died. Crying, and many of his friends such as Bao Xin died Cao Cao also cried.How come Cao Cao is not ashamed of running and crying, but Liu Bei is ashamed of running and crying?It's not fair! But no matter how you think Liu Bei is not a hero, okay, let’s look at Liu Bei’s performance as a hero, four points. The first point is that Liu Bei does not have a strong army.When Liu Bei raised his army, he was also funded by the consortium. Two big businessmen in Zhongshan, Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang, funded Liu Bei with a sum of money. Liu Bei recruited some troops, but the army is estimated to be small, because Liu Bei brought What kind of reward did this army get after going to crusade against the Yellow Turban Army?He took up the post of "Anxi Captain", that is, the county captain of Anxi County. In other words, he is now the deputy county-level public security bureau chief. It can be seen that there are not many people.Since then, Liu Bei has never had a decent army, so what we often see in history books is that Liu Bei borrowed soldiers. At that time, Liu Bei borrowed soldiers from others and also borrowed generals. It is more convenient than me to borrow money now, just open your mouth to borrow, and now we are really embarrassed to borrow money, he does not have any decent army.We know that it is a chaotic world, what are the characteristics of a chaotic world?Chaos is a hero, if you have a gun, you are the grass head king, but Liu Bei is not the grass head king if you don't have a gun. How can he be a hero?This is the first point. Second, Liu Bei has no stable territory.He was always floating there, and when he finally got a place, it was gone soon. For example, Xuzhou, Tao Qian also gave it to him, and other people also agreed that he should act as Xuzhou's government affairs, so Lu Bu took it just after he got it. gone.So he had no choice but to run here and there to seek refuge with others, and sent him to Qin Muchu, so once Liu Bei was drunk, he cried bitterly, saying that the biggest problem with me, Liu Bei, is that I have no foundation. What does the word "basic" mean?It is the base area. If I, Liu Bei, have a base area, how can those people be my opponents now. The third point is that Liu Bei has no decent military exploits.What are the three heroes fighting Lu Bu, warming wine and killing Huaxiong? Luo Guanzhong helped him fight these famous achievements, and we often see four words in the official history records of "Three Kingdoms": Defeat defeated.Of course, he also fought some victorious battles, small battles, not any famous battles.In the early days when the warlords were divided and the princes were fighting, who was it that brought peace to the world?It was Cao Cao, which warlord, such as Lu Bu, Yuan Shu, or Yuan Shao, which one was killed by Liu Bei?Moreover, Liu Bei can't fight. After Liu Bei escaped from Cao Cao and got Xuzhou, he got the news that Cao Cao was going to fight him. Liu Bei still didn't believe it. He said that Cao Cao was going to fight Yuan Shao. How could he come to fight me?When he went out and saw Cao Cao's flag was up and driving over, he turned around and ran away in fright, and everyone ignored him.How is this like a hero? Fourth, Liu Bei is not very famous.Yuan Shu once said very contemptuously, "Since the year of Shu's birth, I don't know there is Liu Bei", that is, I, Yuan Shu, have never heard of Liu Bei in my whole life.There is another thing that can prove that Liu Bei is not famous, that is, when Liu Bei was the Prime Minister of Pingyuan, Kong Rong was the Prime Minister of Beihai, and Kong Rong was surrounded by the Yellow Turban Army.Tai Shici found Liu Bei, what was Liu Bei's reaction? The record in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is: "Surprised and said: Did Kong Beihai know that there is Liu Bei in the world?" He was surprised to say that Kong Rong also knew that there was a man named Liu Bei in the world?The description of this plot in "Three Kingdoms" is: Liu "Bei Lianrong said: Kong Beihai knows there is Liu Beixie in the world?" Lianrong is a very serious face.So which of these two records is more authentic?I think it is more real in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty". We can compare these two expressions.Tai Shici said that Kong Beihai was surrounded by the Yellow Turban Army, and asked General Liu to send troops to rescue him. Liu Bei said in awe, oh, Kong Beihai also knew that there was Liu Bei!This is an expression; what is "surprised"?Ah, Kong Beihai still knows that there is Liu Bei in the world!It can be seen that there is no name, and I hope someone knows. So Liu Bei does not have a strong team, no stable territory, no decent military exploits, and no great reputation.But such a person is very popular and respected wherever he goes. Just two people are enough, one is Cao Cao. After Liu Bei defected to Cao Cao, what kind of treatment did Cao Cao give him? If you go out, you will share the same opinion, and if you sit, you will share the same table. Just take a car when you go out, and a seat when you come in, so the salary is high!Later he went to join Yuan Shao, what kind of treatment did Yuan Shao give him?Two hundred miles out of the city to meet each other.So why?There is only one answer, that is, these people all think Liu Bei is a hero, except Yuan Shu. According to the records of "Three Kingdoms", we can see that in the troubled times of the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei did not have his own territory at the beginning. Not quite a hero.In the novel, Liu Bei is even more described as a wimp, except for crying for a while and running for a while, he has no other abilities.So is the real Liu Bei a hero in history? yes.What evidence?Four proofs. First, Liu Bei has the ambition of a hero.After Liu Bei defected to Liu Biao, he once discussed the heroes of the world with Liu Biao. A man named Xu Si made an argument about a man named Chen Deng. To be polite, he said that I went to see Chen Yuanlong in Xiapi, but Chen Yuanlong didn't talk to me for a long time, and finally went to sleep on a big bed and let me sleep in a small bed.Liu Bei expressed his opinion, saying Mr. Xu, do you know why?Because you are known as a national scholar, everyone regards you as a national scholar. In such a turbulent era, a national scholar like you is needed to share the country's worries and calm the world, but what do you do all day long? Mr. Yuanlong looks down on such a person as "seeking land and housing", buying land and houses all day long, why would he talk to you?To be honest, you were lucky enough to meet Mr. Yuanlong. If you meet a villain like me, Liu Bei, I wish I could sleep upstairs and let you sleep underground!What about a big bed and a small bed! Have heroism.And what else does this example illustrate?It shows that Liu Bei has a heroic spirit.Liu Bei is not a wimp who can only run and cry as we imagined, he is also a man of temperament. The third point is that Liu Bei has the soul of a hero.We know that Liu Bei's first half of his life was very bad, and there are eight words in the history books: Five times changed their masters, and four lost their wives. Keep relying on others, and keep suffering setbacks and failures.To be honest, if it was someone else, especially a self-proclaimed hero, he would have committed suicide long ago, or at least would have been discouraged and impatient long ago.But if we look at the records in the history books, have we ever seen Liu Bei discouraged, only to see that he has been defeated repeatedly, he is not reconciled, what does this mean?It means he has the soul of a hero. The last point, Liu Bei has the righteousness of a hero.For Liu Bei, there are two completely opposite evaluations in the history books. One evaluation is the evaluation of Lu Bu's generals, because Liu Bei took refuge in Lu Bu for a short time, and Lu Bu's generals told Lu Bu at that time that Liu Bei was a man Difficult to raise repeatedly This is a capricious villain, a white-eyed wolf who can't be kept, you don't need to keep him, it's called "repetitive and difficult to keep".Another comment was made by Yuan Shao, saying Liu Xuande Hongya has faith It is said that Liu Bei is very honest and loyal, and Yuan Shao still knows how to judge people, and it is not that bad.So this evaluation is opposite, but not contradictory, why not contradictory?It's simple, it depends on who you are.Liu Bei is a person with heroic ambition, heroic spirit, and heroic soul, so he will never be willing to depend on others for a long time and forever, so he is "difficult to support repeatedly" for his object of refuge; A hero must recruit talents and unite a group of people to complete his career, so he is "Hongya has faith" in the people he relies on.The most typical example is Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei followed Liu Bei for a lifetime. Guan Yu also came to ride alone for thousands of miles. Why?It's Liu Bei's righteousness.According to historical records, the relationship between Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei appears to be brothers on the surface, but they are actually monarchs and ministers, because once Liu Bei sits in the middle when attending a formal occasion, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stand behind. It is the relationship between monarch and minister.Going home is a brotherly relationship. The records in the book are called "sleeping in the same bed", which means that Liu Bei often sleeps on the same bed with his two brothers. This is the meaning of a hero, and this is brotherhood.It's just that I didn't understand one thing, that is, where were their wives when Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei were all sleeping on the same bed? Liu Bei is a hero, Guan Yu saw it, Zhang Fei saw it, and then Zhuge Liang saw it too. It might not make sense to say that Cao Cao couldn't see it. It should be said that Cao Cao also saw it. The problem is that Cao Cao saw it. Say it. Cao Cao was able to move Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to Xu County, his territory, before everyone had reacted in the chaotic times of the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, so as to coerce the emperor to order the princes. This shows that Cao Cao is a far-sighted person. When the green plums were cooking wine, Cao Cao would say in front of Liu Bei that only he and Liu Bei are the heroes of today's world?What was he thinking when he said this?How does Mr. Yi Zhongtian analyze this matter? Why did he say it?Now we can only provide several speculative opinions for your reference, not conclusive.A speculative opinion is that Cao Cao is still not prudent enough, because after all he is a man of temperament and has the temperament of a poet. Maybe one day he drank a little too much and accidentally said something that should not be said. This possibility.The second possibility can also be understood as firepower reconnaissance, knocking mountains and shaking tigers, then I will tell you, see if you recognize it, see how you act, and see how he moves, this can also be explained.It means that neither of us should pretend to be a grandson. We both know in our hearts that neither of us is smarter or stupid than the other. We are the only heroes in the world. You can figure it out.Sure enough, Liu Bei's grandson couldn't pretend anymore, so he found a chance to sneak away. Then it's understandable for Liu Bei to escape, but we have to escape too, if you don't leave after people talk about this, you are waiting to die.But why did Cao Cao let it go?I can't figure this out, and I can only offer some speculative opinions.The first possibility is that Cao Cao is not yet a traitor, and he is not so ruthless. When Cao Cao becomes an out-and-out traitor in his later years, he will kill people without blinking an eye, including killing the first-rate Cui Yan and The wise Xun Yu.The second possibility is that Cao Cao still needs to be a witness at this time. At that time, when Cheng Yu and the others suggested that Cao Cao kill Liu Bei, Cao Cao's answer was this, saying: "When we are accepting the heroes of the world today, it is impossible to kill one person and lose the hearts of the world." Now is the time to buy people's hearts. Liu Bei is a great grandson, right? You can't find any fault with him, and everyone thinks he is a hero. If you kill him, you will lose the hearts of the people in the world. This will not work.Then the third possibility, which I personally think is the most likely one, is that although Cao Cao saw that Liu Bei had heroic ambition, heroic spirit, heroic soul, and heroic righteousness, he was a hero, but he had no use for it. He has no territory, no army, no military group of his own, and a hero who is useless is not considered a hero, and he does not need to be too guarded, and he can be dealt with when he is a decent hero in the future.I personally think that this possibility may be greater. Anyway, no matter what the reason is, in short, Cao Cao let Liu Bei go. No matter how Cao Cao calculated, man’s calculation is not as good as heaven’s calculation. What Cao Cao never thought of is that we can even say with certainty that not only Cao Cao did not think of it, but even Liu Bei himself did not think that after eight years of cooking wine with green plums, A great statesman came out of the mountains and became Liu Bei's chief of staff.At this moment, Liu Bei turned salty fish over, because it was this person who helped Liu Bei gain a place to use his skills. Not only did Liu Bei have his own territory, but the territory became bigger and bigger, and finally formed the three kingdoms with Cao Cao and Sun Quan. situation.We all know the name of this person, his name is Zhuge Liang.After Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, the balance of fate began to tilt towards Liu Bei, and what was even more unexpected was that in the same year, Guo Jia, Cao Cao's most important adviser, passed away.Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, Guo Jia passed away, and the power of Cao and Liu began to undergo major changes. The importance of Zhuge Liang's coming out of the mountain is self-evident, so is Guo Jia's death so important?What kind of person is Guo Jia?Please see the next episode - born wizards.