Chapter 206 Yingtai Sunset (10-2)

Half a year before Zhang Yinglin took over, there was an edict to set up the Senior Advisory Council to replace the National Assembly, and appointed his son Pu Lun and Sun Jianai, a scholar of Wuyingdian University, as the president. The House of Representatives is the "Parliament of Nations" which serves as the basis for the House of Commons.The result was rejected!Because from the Empress Dowager Cixi to Zhang Zhidong and Yuan Shikai, none of them had the intention to implement a constitutional government with a bicameral system. After Zhang Yinglin took over, the charters of the Zizhengyuan and the provincial advisory bureaus have been drawn up, but the imperial court still has to look forward to it and has not promulgated it.But the call for constitutionalism has already been sung into the clouds. In Shanghai, there are many groups advocating constitutionalization. One is called the "Preparatory Constitutional Association". A two-year limit.There is also a powerful "Zhengwenshe", organized by Liang Qichao, which is also the stronghold of the royalist party. It called the constitutional editorial office to hold a congress within three years.

Except for the publication of such memorials in newspapers, the imperial court "not reported" as usual, but copied a memorial from Yu Shimei, a minister of the Ministry of Rites who had just returned from Germany and Japan, who was sent abroad to investigate constitutional government.Yu Shimei has been in the Beiyang shogunate for many years, specializing in chapters, and the text is recited at home, so even court officials who are not interested in constitutional government should read it carefully. His memorial said at the beginning: "I believe that the constitution is free in China, and there is no need to go abroad." Just looking at this sentence, it is a cold water for those who are enthusiastic about constitutionalism.

However, his articles have the magic power to make people feel calm and study the reasons carefully: "Recently, I have visited the public opinion, studied in detail, compiled and studied the history of East and West, and I know the differences between Chinese and foreign words. Both China and France are determined from top to bottom. Follow the law, and the Western law must be followed from the bottom up. This is an unheard of thing in ancient times, but it is a new theory in recent days. The ministers have taken the constitutional provisions of various countries and compared them one by one. There are laws and regulations that are unique to China. There are things that don’t need to be declared, things that don’t exist in China and don’t need to be imitated, things that are ridiculous and ridiculous, things that are ridiculous, things that are rejected by one country but allowed by another country, things that were true the day before but not the day after, It is due to the migration of the current situation, and it is also due to the differences between politics and religion."

Having said that, Yu Shimei believes that the Japanese constitution is more preferable. "Although the term "Western Country" is still in the nature of the East, it is self-righteous and profound." The following quotes an article titled "This Year's Citizens Petition for the National Assembly" published on the Shanghai Poster, attacking "Constitutionalism can be implemented. It must be because the people have experienced a period of intense movement, and without this, it will not be enough to destroy the vanguard of autocracy." He said: "Constitutions in various countries are mostly requested by the people, and if they can't get it, they will fight. There will be chaos, the reason why the husband country is established is called politics; Its potential is the most dangerous! If it is done well, it will be the restoration of Japan; if it is done badly, it will be the revolution of France."

Then I briefly described the results of the French Revolution and Japan's constitutionalism, and then discussed: "Gai France, after repeated tyranny, the people are already in deep trouble, and they want to save the nation with a constitution, but they don't know how to promote chaos. Japan should respect the king and pour out the curtain." , is based on the power of the people, so the constitution is a reward, but it still needs to be postponed repeatedly. There is a feeling of last resort, and there is an unavoidable situation, and the situation is compelling. The most important, the most lenient politics, the dignity of the country, the peace of human relations, neither the accumulation of national grievances, nor the beginning of Japan's reform. My empress dowager and the emperor listened to the court's opinions and allowed extraordinary actions. What a great grace! The decrees are extremely detailed and time-determined, and they are especially clear. How should we praise and encourage them before they are implemented? How can we allow haste to claim compensation, and seeking treatment is the same as negotiating a price?"

At this point, he changed his style of writing, and in a contemptuous tone, he scolded journalists and teachers who advocated constitutionalism: "What's more, if you talk about the constitution today, those who invite the Congress are actually for the benefit and not for the harm, and it is for the scholars and not for the people! Schools, no agriculture, no work, no business, but they can be called scholars, and they are not responsible for paying taxes and serving as soldiers, but they want to exercise the power of foreign affairs and internal governance! They dare to say "supervise the imperial court", or say "overthrow the government", read the imperial edict If you see the laws and regulations, you will sneer at them, and you will make false statements, which is almost the same as disrupting the party!" Therefore, Yu Shimei believes: "Looking at the affairs of France, you know that the beginning is huge, and it is necessary to prevent disasters and changes. ’” But he did not deny: “Looking at Japan’s affairs, we know that there are new methods of reform, and there are always human feelings.” Therefore, he warned: “Only urgent remedial measures are needed, so that there is no danger of collapse.” As for Remedy: "Only in the imperial court, strive to be prosperous and strong, promote education, employ people to administer, and uphold justice. If you don't criticize it a little bit, you can't use it as a way to incite. As for the border officials in the southeastern provinces, you should choose carefully. In general, persuasion at any time, and repression when things happen, so that the common people will not cause trouble." Finally, it comes down to the constitution, advocating "rectification of names and divisions" first, citing "the Japanese emperor's so-called 'organizational authority, which is determined by my own'; the German minister's so-called ' The law rests with the monarch, and it cannot be interpreted by the people'," implying that "the future constitution must be determined by the imperial court and cannot be determined by the Congress." It is necessary to carefully select talented people and compile them in detail. It is not necessary to draw similarities with Western methods, but it is practical and practical to be honest and correct.”

This kind of argument, in the old school, especially the young relatives who are increasingly powerful, naturally praises it. In the eyes of ordinary people, it is disgusting to get rid of the "sage" and criticize outspoken reporters and teachers. He admitted that constitutional requirements are "everything in human nature", so he did not feel much resentment.As for those who are particularly interested in the ups and downs of the officialdom, they focus on the phrase "border officials in the southeastern provinces, especially those who have the wind and know the general situation", thinking that it is aimed at Duanfang, the governor of Liangjiang, and the governor of the southeast may be There are transfers.

This article only aroused criticism and did not cause a storm, but when it spread overseas, the royalists were in an uproar.So in June, the Military Aircraft Department received a strange telegram. This telegram was sent from Nanyang, and it was an electronic performance. It was signed by "Chen Jingren, the head of the Ministry of Law", and he said he was a member of the Political News Society. To thank the world for my post." "Absurd, absurd!" Zhang Zhidong shook his head after reading the telegram: "It's the end of the world, and all kinds of strange things happen! Look, everyone, how should we deal with it?"

"If you're dismissed, it's over!" Shixu replied, "The master has no right to deal with matters, and it's extremely abominable if you just divide things up!" "Wait a minute!" Yuan Shikai had a different opinion, "Chen Jingren relies on the Zhengwenshe, so how can the Zhengwenshe rely on it and dare to be so rampant?" As soon as this remark came out, the audience fell silent.In the end, King Qing Yikuang spoke up: "There is no need to ask any more questions! In my opinion, we only ask the Political News Agency to establish a constitution within a time limit, file a case with this surnamed Chen, and issue an imperial edict. What do you think?"

Everyone knows that the Political News Agency has a relationship with Prince Su Shanqi, so Yikuang advocated "don't ask too much".But who is Chen Jingren?Why is it in Nanyang?Zhang Zhidong thought it was time to investigate. "Why don't you find a 'Jin Gentleman' first?" Shixu's words remind everyone.Immediately, I fetched the records of nobles and gentlemen in the spring and summer of the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, printed by Rongluzhai in Liulichang, and searched all the officials of the Ministry of Justice, but could not find a principal named Chen Jingren.

"Could it be a fake joke?" Zhang Zhidong said, "If there is no such person, then Huanghuang will issue an order, and no one will be targeted, then it will be nothing serious!" "Fake names are not allowed." Shixu added, "In my opinion, this person may not be found out in the Ministry of Justice, so he must be found in the Ministry of Officials." As a result, Yuan Shikai also thought of it, "Maybe it's a donation class leader," he said: "Never been to the Ministry of Justice." His guess was right. The official of the Ministry of Officials checked and replied that Chen Jingren was the head of the donation class. He was originally assigned to the Ministry of Punishment. Once the new bureaucracy was changed, he became the head of the Ministry of Law. I heard that this person is a wealthy businessman in Nanyang. As long as there is this person, it will be easy to handle.Zhang Zhidong dictated the general idea, and Junji Zhangjing drew up a draft, which was circulated in the hall.Yuan Shikai saw what was written on it: "Zhengwenshe, the head of the Ministry of Law, Chen Jingren, and others telegraphed: Please set a meeting within three years, and change the style to thank the world. However, it is necessary to discuss and prepare various affairs. The clues are complicated, and it will take a certain amount of time. The imperial court must carefully consider and weigh it properly. The time limit should be set. Why should the principal be presumed to invite you? Yu Shimei is the second member of the Qing Dynasty , how should the master wait for the income to ask for dismissal? It is absurd that Chen Jingren and others, as officials, dare to agree with each other and make troubles. .If punishment is not given, it may turn out to be an illusion, which will disturb the overall situation and hinder public order. Chen Jingren, the head of the Ministry of Justice, will be dismissed as soon as he writes it, so as to eliminate officials." "I want to change a sentence or two." Yuan Shikai wrote a few sentences with a brush, and then showed it to Zhang Zhidong. At first glance, the four characters "Yi Su Guan Chang" were ticked off, and two sentences were added: "The local officials will investigate and control them as a sign of light punishment." Zhang Zhidong immediately asked: "Mr. Chen is in Nanyang. How to order local officials to check and control?" "This is a foreshadowing." Yuan Shikai said: "If this person dares to sneak back to the mainland, he can order the local officials to act according to the order." "Ah, ah!" Zhang Zhidong couldn't help feeling ashamed. After serving as a governor for thirty years, he didn't even know this little trick in official business. Isn't it absurd? ※ ※ ※ This edict was issued face-to-face and the next day, all the newspapers in the north and south published it with headlines. Ma Xiangbo, who writes in six languages, asked to quit the society.The reasons they hold vary. Some of them are intimidated by the rhetoric that "it is an illusion, which will disturb the overall situation and hinder public order", and they are afraid of causing great disaster; Some people think that Chen Jingren is too domineering. Since he talks about freedom of speech and everyone has something to say, why should Shimei be dismissed for saying the wrong thing? At the time when the members of the Political News Agency were demanding to resign or disband the group, petition representatives from various provincial congresses instigated by the "Preparatory Constitutional Association" had arrived in Beijing one after another. Unfamiliar faces with new nouns.Sometimes disputes arise due to language barriers and different customs. Officials on the "ground" are always good at resolving disputes. This is because Su Wang Shanqi, Shangshu of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, has repeatedly issued "Tang Yu", and these representatives must be properly protected. The reason. Yuan Shikai was quite dissatisfied with King Su's attitude, but he never wanted to offend relatives and nobles, so he forbeared and said nothing.However, he is worried about the Zhengwenshe, and his hidden worries cannot be explained, because there are more and more signs that the Zhengwenshe aims to support Su, Liqing, pull Zhang, and overthrow Yuan, especially the relationship between him and Qing Wang Yikuang. One point is even more difficult to ignore. They are waiting for an opportunity day and night, trying to wipe out the Zhengwenshe in one fell swoop. opportunity finally arises!When Du Zhongjun went to Beijing to ask for his pulse, a telegram came from San Francisco, USA. "Petition" can be summarized into nine matters, of which there are five most important ones. The first point is "establishing a parliament to implement constitutional government", which has become commonplace in the Empress Dowager Cixi, and she does not consider it disobedient.Execution of eunuchs, moving the capital to the south of the Yangtze River, and changing the name of the country from the Qing Empire to the Chinese Empire are all taboos.The Empress Dowager Cixi was furious, handed over the original telegram, and ordered the Military Aircraft Department to play a meeting with the Government Affairs Office and the Constitutional Inspection Office. Yuan Shikai had a plan in his mind, but he had to make some arrangements first. He went to see Yikuang, Prince of Qing, and asked for a private conversation. "My lord," he said with a dignified expression, "I have something on my mind, and I dare not confess it directly. Does my lord know who King Su has befriended?" "I don't know very well." Yikuang replied, "This person has never talked about appearances. He is crazy. Don't pay attention to him!" "Otherwise! A lunatic will cause great trouble!" Yuan Shikai asked again: "Does your lord know that the so-called 'Constitutional Council of the Chinese Empire' is the name of the royalist party?" "Know." "Kang Youwei has a disciple named Tang Juedun, who has been in Beijing for a long time, does the prince know?" "I don't know. I haven't even heard of the name Tang Hedun." "Then it's no wonder the prince doesn't know! This Tang Juedun was ordered by Kang Liang to contact King Su, and they often meet." Yuan Shikai suddenly stopped when he said this, and his face was extremely painful. expression. This made Yikuang both surprised and suspicious, "Comfort," he asked, "Do you have any difficult words to say." "I have something to say, I can't bear it but I have to say it. If I say it, I will have a destination. Otherwise, the prince is afraid that he will bear a lot of responsibility. Yikuang was shocked, "Why did you say that?" He calmed down, and said calmly, "Wei Ting, you might as well tell me, if I should be responsible, I will be responsible." Yuan Shikai nodded, and said in a low voice: "The leader of the royalist party used to be Kang Youwei, but now he is King Su! The imperial court has ordered Kang Liang to be arrested, and King Su of Kang Liang is the leader. My lord, what should I say?" Yikuang was shocked when he heard this!I regret in my heart, I shouldn't have let Yuan Shikai speak up, now it's embarrassing!According to Yuan Shikai, Su Wang Shanqi should be in the same discipline as Kang Liang, but how can he complain about this in front of Empress Dowager Cixi?If you don't care about it, in case of any accident, Yuan Shikai will say that he had warned King Qing at that time, but he didn't say anything, so he had no choice but to ignore it.This has changed Bitong's concealment, and at least it is a punishment of disobedience. Seeing that his face was uncertain, Yuan Shikai simply said something that made him terrified, "My lord," he said, "the fire brigade run by King Su is controlled by the Department of Military Law. It also has foreign guns, and it also fires frequently. Excuse me, Does the fire brigade need this?" Yikuang's face turned yellow with fright, "What is he going to do? Is he going to rebel?" He said angrily. "My lord," Yuan Shikai shook his head and replied very calmly, "No one can answer your question." Yikuang thought to himself, isn't the fire brigade practicing martial arts and carrying guns just to take advantage of the fire to rob?If there is a disaster in the palace, the fire brigade is ordered to go into the palace to fight the fire, and accidents may happen in a short while. Turning to this thought, I couldn't help shivering. "Then what should we do?" Yikuang frowned and said, "As Shanyi, what position can he have?" "Shanyi" is Su Wang Shanqi, he is the elder, and the names of the four brothers all have a word "Shanyi", and their seniority is merged with the "Pu" generation of the emperor, so the relatives with higher seniority are all named after Shanyi and Shaner called them brothers.Although Shan Yi's seniority is low, he is a hereditary prince after all, even if he committed a serious fault, he must have solid evidence before he can be punished.Now that the matter is ambiguous and of great importance, if the Empress Dowager Cixi finds out about his attitude, she will be furious, but there is nothing she can do about it.If you keep silent, if something happens, you can't get rid of it.This is why Yikuang is in a dilemma. Yuan Shikai had already thought of his situation.Only when Yikuang finds it difficult will he follow his suggestion.So he said in a comforting tone: "Don't worry, my lord. I'm afraid that things won't be known in advance. If you know, there are always ways to prevent it. Your relatives should be preserved. If something unexpected happens, even if you have no responsibility, how can you bear to see that person?" Is the prince the successor of Duanhua and Zaiyuan?" "That's right, that's right!" Yi Kuang nodded again and again, "Nothing is a blessing!" "I'm thinking, the prince's system is noble, and the court must be treated as a gift. On the surface, there is really nothing to do. For the current plan, the only way is to cut the bottom of the pot and cut his wings!" "Take the bottom of the pot and cut his wings!" Yikuang read softly, looked up at Yuan Shikai and asked, "You mean, how many of his capable people should be removed, or removed?" "No! The Winged Kangliang Party, the Chinese Constitutional Council, is far away overseas, and it is beyond our reach. It is better to investigate and deal with the Political News Agency first! As long as the order is issued, Tang Juedun and his ilk will naturally run away upon hearing the news, and no one will follow suit. Like a reedy tongue, it confuses relatives and nobles. This is the way to preserve the virtue of loving others." These few words were spoken in a high-sounding manner, and Yi Kuang greatly appreciated them.Therefore, at the meeting on the second day of the decree, he proposed to dissolve the Zhengwen Society, and the whole audience agreed.Prince Shanqi, Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, was also present. Seeing this scene, there was only silence.After the meeting ended, they walked away humming "Master Xiandi, Baidi City" all the way.Back at the palace, before changing clothes, he called repeatedly: "Look for Wang Xiaohang! Find Wang Xiaohang!" This Wang Xiaohang's single name is according to his name, he is a bannerman of the Han army, and he has a deep connection with Su Wang's mansion.Before the reform of the Reform Movement of 1898, when he was in charge of the Ministry of Rites and made a statement, Shangshu Huaitabu and Xu Yingtao refused to pass it on for him.In a fit of rage, Wang Zhao made a statement, accusing the court official of being improper and not obeying the order to deliver the memorial for him.Moreover, the submission was delivered in person at the court, and it was declared at the same time: the two ministers would not accept it, and he had to submit it to the Metropolitan Procuratorate. Since the establishment of the Ministry, there has never been such a strange thing.Huaitabu and Xu Yingtao had no choice but to agree to play for him, and then Xu Yingtao wrote a memorial himself, saying that Wang Zhao "roared at the court and threatened him with excuses", and explained the reason for not acting on behalf of him: Wang Zhaozuo invited the emperor to travel to Japan, and Japan has the most assassins. In the past, the Russian crown prince and Li Hongzhang were assassinated.Wang Zhao put the emperor in danger, so he dared not deliver it on his behalf.He also accused Wang Zhao of "having ulterior motives, please punish him." This memorial was very powerful, and it could bring Wang Zhao death. The emperor, who had no choice but to change the law, insisted on speaking out, and did not show affection to the officials of the Ministry of Rites who were concerned about his safety. Balance, without worrying about gills and gills." Then he said: "If it is played by the Shangshu, etc., the language is too extreme to suppress the smell, that is to say, it is tied to the accumulated habits, resulting in one end of obstruction. Huaitabu and others are all discussed by the Ministry of Communications." The result. , Huaitabu, Xu Yingtao, and the two servants who were full of vacancies were all dismissed.The harshness of the treatment is unprecedented.Wang Zhaoyi became well-known all over the world for causing such a big disturbance. When the 1898 coup failed, Wang Zhao was of course included in the investigation. Fortunately, he was a native of Beijing, and with the help of Shanqi, he escaped and fled to Japan with Kang Youwei on the same boat.Two years ago, Fang Shi quietly returned to the country, under the pseudonym "Mr. Zhao", and lived in seclusion in Changping, Baoding and other places, but he often slipped to the capital, where he lived in Su Wang's mansion, and acted as Shanqi's mastermind. At this time, Wang Zhao was invited, and Shanqi told him that the Zhengwen Society was about to be dissolved by order, and asked him how to make arrangements in advance. Wang Zhao and Kang Youwei became incompatible because of adversity, because Kang Youwei revealed his fox tail in order to protect the emperor for fame and profit, and he often told people in Japan that he had obeyed the emperor's "clothes order" and ordered him to Raised troops "King Qin".Raising troops requires food and salaries, so that donations can be raised.Some people tried to prove it to Wang Zhao, but he was naturally unwilling to lie for Kang Youwei, so they became enemies.However, Wang Zhao had a good impression of Liang Qichao, so he advised Shanqi to try to preserve the Zhengwenshe. "Since the disbandment is ordered, the next step is to seize it. This responsibility will naturally fall on the Ministry of Civil Affairs. At that time, the prince will be embarrassed." "That's right!" Shan Qi suddenly realized, "It's not too late, tell them to leave quickly! I'm afraid that Lao Zhao still doesn't know about this matter at this moment, and when he finds out, it will be a big disaster if he sets up a trap. " Lao Zhao refers to Zhao Bingjun, the servant of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Everyone knows that he is Yuan Shikai's eagle dog, and he is in charge of the secret agent of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.Wang Zhao thought to himself, this Zhao Bingjun nicknamed himself "Zhi'an", and he was cunning and cunning. Once he received the order to disband the Zhengwen Society, he must follow Yuan Shikai's will, make a big deal out of a molehill, and implicate innocent people. I am afraid that petition representatives in all provinces will suffer, so Decided to go out in person. "My lord, I think I have to take care of this matter." He said, "If others go, they can't speak clearly, and if they don't understand the dangers of the event, they will miss the big deal." "It's best for you to go. However, I'm afraid of being conspicuous!" "It's okay, I can make up. I have to ask the prince for something." "What?" Shanqi asked, "Money?" "I don't need money, I need a train ticket to the south, only third-class or fourth-class, the more the better." "That's easy!" Shanqi immediately sent people to Qianmen Station to buy a hundred train tickets for the Beijing-Han Railway, and sent people to protect Wang Zhao, who was disguised, and walked around Dongheyan, Dashilan, and Bada Hutong outside Qianmen, and did not return until midnight. The next day, the imperial edict was indeed issued: "I have heard that along the river and the coast, and in the northern and southern provinces, there are political news agencies, many of which are rebellious and important criminals, amassing wealth, entangled party members, research current affairs under the guise of names, and plot to incite disturbances and disturb public order. If the ban is not strictly enforced, the overall situation may be ruined again. The Ministry of Civil Affairs, governors of various provinces, infantry commanders, and Shuntian Mansion will strictly investigate and strictly prohibit them. Suffering." Zhao Bingjun saw the words "severe punishment" and immediately ordered that if there were strangers who talked about state affairs and advocated the establishment of the constitution and behaved suspiciously, they should be arrested first.Unfortunately, he was one step too late. Tang Juedun and the petition representatives from all provinces took the train tickets given by Wang Zhao on this morning and boarded the train going south. Hiding with relatives and friends, living in seclusion, keeping silent like cicadas, Zhao Bingjun's subordinates found nothing.However, the ears of the elders are clear, because the petitions in various provinces have ended without a problem. Having said that, the superficial articles that should be explained are still in full swing. On the first day of August, a brilliant imperial edict was finally issued, specifying a nine-year period for preparations for the establishment of a constitution, that is, the issuance of the constitution in the 42nd year of Guangxu .At the same time, in this edict, the "Constitutional Outline", "Election Law Essentials", and "A list of preparations to be made year by year before the House of Representatives opens".In the outline of the constitution, the first list is "the supreme power of the monarch", with a total of thirteen items.The first paragraph: "The emperor of the Qing Dynasty ruled the Qing Empire, and he will be respected forever," and the second paragraph: "The sacred dignity of the emperor is inviolable." All financial powers belong to the emperor without interference.The only paragraph with a slight constitutional meaning is: "The power of judiciary is exercised by the emperor. Judges are originally appointed by the emperor to act on behalf of the judiciary. If they are not changed at any time by edict, the case is of great importance. Therefore, the law must be determined by the emperor. shall prevail, avoiding disputes” Although the power belongs to the people, in name only, but after all, there is a deadline for the establishment of the constitution, and the elders of the country can breathe a sigh of relief.Especially Empress Dowager Cixi, she really felt relieved, so her interest seemed particularly good.The emotions of the palace family members are completely dependent on the love and hatred of the "Lafayette", and it is mid-autumn, orange green and orange yellow, the beginning of a good year, there is a lot of fun, and in a blink of an eye, the kindness and longevity are even more lively. "Seventy is rare in life! After seventy, birthdays should be celebrated every year. Not to mention the empress dowager, let alone the constitutional period, peace is imminent." This theory of the Ministry of Internal Affairs has been widely spread, and people who walk in the inner court are all talking about it, but there is one thing that is quite controversial.This year, Empress Dowager Cixi's longevity has an embellishment that was not there in previous years: the Dalai Lama of the Yellow Sect in Tibet will bring a large number of precious tributes to the pilgrimage before the longevity period.In the prosperous times before Qianjia, this was a common thing. Since Daoguang to the present, foreign aggression and internal strife are still frequent. So very passionate about it. However, Li Lianying remonstrated repeatedly. His reason was beyond anyone's imagination. It was said that the emperor and the Dalai Lama were in the same city, and one side must be disadvantaged. One thing more is worse than one thing less. "You mean, the emperor is sick, afraid that the Dalai Lama will be overwhelmed if he comes?" "Yes!" Li Lianying replied directly: "Otherwise, why send an order to the provinces to recommend doctors?" Empress Dowager Cixi was silent.After returning to Luan, she gradually realized that Li Lianying was very protective of the emperor, and hearing what he said now was a proof of allegiance to the emperor.However, she also knew that Li Lianying, like Rong Lu, would not betray her no matter what. Others who supported the emperor would form a party to oppose her, but Li Lianying would never!And thinking about it carefully, he is not wrong. If the emperor's illness can be cured, he will still be the empress dowager. On the first floor, it would be better to share all the power with the queen than to hold it all in one's own hands. So she said: "Where did you hear the strange words! How can the emperor let a lama be killed? If there is a personal disadvantage, it must be harmful to the Dalai Lama." Li Lianying stopped when enough was enough and stopped talking.The Empress Dowager Cixi remembered one thing. The Dalai Lama had already arrived in Shanxi and was stationed in Wutai Mountain. In early June, the governor of Shanxi would appoint an appropriate person to escort him to Beijing.It's been two months so far, why hasn't it arrived? The next day, he asked about the military plan, and he returned to the world to continue to preside over the matter, so he answered: "It was hot in June and July, and there were a lot of tributes brought in. It was inconvenient to dispatch husbands and horses all the way, so I waited until Liangqiu to enter the pilgrimage. " "Isn't it autumn cool now?" "Yes! I'm leaving soon! Fortunately, Shanxi is not far from Beijing, as long as I leave, it will be fast." He wasn't telling the truth.The truth is that the Dalai Lama is unwilling to enter the pilgrimage!Because he has opinions on the etiquette system of His Majesty.According to the proposal of the Li Fan Department, the Dalai Lama had to kowtow when he met the emperor, just like any minister. However, the Dalai Lama regarded himself as a "teacher of the state" and did not want to bow down to the emperor, so he delayed his trip. Now that the Empress Dowager Cixi is urging her to ask, and Wanshou is approaching, Shixu has to find a way to persuade the Dalai Lama to come to Beijing.It was decided at the moment to trick him into Beijing, so the Military Aircraft Department sent a secret telegram to the governor of Shanxi, urging the Dalai Lama to leave. The Dalai Lama was persuaded and decided to leave as soon as the Mid-Autumn Festival was over.Unexpectedly, there were twists and turns, "Tibetan fan monks jointly sued Zhao Erfeng for killing many lives in vain, destroying temples and plundering wealth." It turns out that the political-religious disputes in Tibet are quite complicated.When Zongkapa, the ancestor of the Yellow Sect, passed away in the 17th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, he ordered that the two major disciples of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama be reincarnated from generation to generation, and be each other's mentors, to carry forward the teachings of Mahayana. The Panchen Lama was in Tibet and stationed in Shilunbu.The Dalai Lama is the thirteenth generation, and the Panchen Lama is the ninth generation. The thirteenth generation of Dalai Lamas, whose Dharma name is Ngawang Luobuzangtabukelejiamucuo, was born in May of the second year of Guangxu, and the eighth generation of Panchen Lamas shaved and conferred precepts on him.In the eighth year of Guangxu, the eighth Panchen Lama passed away, and the next year he reincarnated as the ninth Panchen Lama, whose Dharma name was Luosang Qujin. Of course, he became a disciple of the Dalai Lama. At that time, Britain had been coveting Tibet for a long time. In the 13th year of Guangxu, India was driven to invade the border of Tibet. A war broke out, and the Tibetan army suffered more than 700 casualties.Another battle was fought in the second year, and more than 10,000 Tibetan troops were defeated.Therefore, the Dalai Lama hated Britain very much, and Russia just took advantage of it and sent a spy named Dao Jiyong, who had been the teacher of the Dalai Lama.Since the First Sino-Japanese War, Tibet has been ruled by the Allied-Russian faction, and British forces have been suppressed everywhere.Unexpectedly, the Russo-Japanese War broke out and Russia had no time to look far away. The British army was able to make a comeback and invaded Lhasa under pretext in July of the 30th year of Guangxu.The Dalai Lama was shocked, and handed the seal to Kabulun of Galdan Monastery, one of the three major monasteries in former Tibet. . At that time, Youtai, the minister in Tibet, hated the Dalai Lama's arrogance, so he wrote a memorial, accusing him of running away without a trace, and asking the court to "repeal the name of the Dalai Lama" and replace him with the Panchen Lama. Photograph on behalf of. This time, the Dalai Lama's old hatred for the Panchen Lama has been combined with a new hatred.The old grudge was that two years ago, when the Panchen Lama went to Lhasa to pay homage to the Dalai Lama, his entourage was negligent and passed the Potala Palace beating drums. The Dalai Lama thought that the drum master was disrespectful and fined him 30 taels of Tibetan silver.There was a rift between the junior and junior, and the British instigated it, and the hatred between each other deepened. However, this time, the Panchen Lama took great care of his teacher's loyalty and spoke forcefully, but no one else could claim the Dalai Lama's title except him, so he had no choice but to resign himself to it. As for the Dalai Lama, he fled to Kulun at first with the intention of defecting to Russia.It's just that the Mongolian lama leader, whose Dharma name is Jebtsundamba Hutuktu, is extremely loved, and if the Dalai Lama can't live in harmony with him, it will be difficult for him to survive.The Minister of Affairs of Kulun was deeply embarrassed. He heard about the court and issued an order to the Minister of Affairs of Xining to welcome him to Xining. Xining is in Qinghai, where Tsongkhapa was born. The largest monastery is called Kumbum Monastery. When the Dalai Lama arrived in Xining, Zhuoxi was naturally here.But just like in Kulun, the Dalai Lama and Juding are at odds, and gradually they are on the same page. It turns out that in Qinghai, Mongolia, besides Jebtsundamba Hutuktu, there are also eight major Hutuktus in Lefeng, headed by Zhangjia Hutuktu, and the fourth one is named Ajia Hutuktu, who presides over Kumbum Monastery.Ajia Hutuktu naturally refused to accept the fact that the Dalai Lama was still under the influence of others. So the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, Sheng Yun, made a statement, saying that the Dalai Lama is greedy and stingy, and he has been staying for a long time and wants to return. Should he be allowed to return to Tibet?After the British army invaded Tibet, the imperial court forced Kabulun of Galdan Monastery to sign a treaty of loss of power and territory. The decent Tang Shaoyi negotiated with the British representative in India to revise it. "Reconsideration. At the same time, Ajia Hutuktu was transferred back to Beijing to manage lamas.This kind of mediation could have been barely a problem, but unexpectedly, an uproar broke out in the fighting between the two living Buddhas.It is said that Dalai and Ajia Hutuktuji are incompatible, and both want to use spells to control each other to death. This is originally an evil way prevalent in the Red Sect, but the lamas of the Yellow Sect also do it occasionally. Of course, it is unknown whether it will be effective or not.Coincidentally, the practice of the Dalai Lama seemed to be really effective this time. Ajia Hutuktu, who was not yet fifty years old, died of a minor illness.The lamas at the Kumbum Monastery knew that the two had a fight, and believed that Ajia Hutuktu died at the hands of the Dalai Lama. They searched and found clay puppets and other objects buried in the soil, which were used by the Dalai Lama to curse Ajiahu The ironclad proof of Tuktu.As a result, the public was indignant and went all the way to the Minister of Affairs in Tibet. They sent someone to question the Dalai Lama, and he admitted that he buried the puppet, but denied that he was fighting with Ajia Hutuktu, and pointed out that according to the Yellow Sect ritual, this is a ceremony to thank the great emperor for his kindness.Check the classics, as it says.Therefore, the matter of fighting skills has become an unresolved suspense. However, the Dalai Lama can't stay in Xining.At that time, the Lifan Academy arranged for him to enter Yanmen Pass and move his bed to Wutai Mountain in Shanxi. He has lived there for three years. At that time, due to the constant negotiations between Tang Shaoyi and others with the British, the treaty was finally amended, and much of the rights and interests lost by Tibet itself being forced to sign the treaty were restored. , determined to manage Kangzang, reform the land and return it to the people, and cultivate and train troops. Although they encountered constant resistance, the face of Tibet was changing, which made the Dalai Lama very disturbed.On the one hand, they are afraid that the imperial court will rule Tibet, and on the other hand, they are afraid that the Panchen Lama's status and power will overtake him and become a power faller. Therefore, he decided to invite himself into the pilgrimage.I thought that this would be the first move of the Panchen Lama, and I could consolidate my position. At the same time, I could have a look at the sights and events in Beijing, and I wished to return to Lhasa a long time ago. I don't want good things to last forever, and the Dalai Lama's mood is waning, and now I hear Zhao Erfeng's various evil deeds in Tibet, so I naturally want to see it before talking.Soon, the court ordered Ma Liang, the general of Chengdu, to investigate and deal with it, and the preliminary treatment was finally fair.After being persuaded by the governor of Shanxi, after all, we are still on our way. As soon as they entered the Zhili realm, the imperial court sent high officials to Baoding to welcome them. At this moment, the local officials had to pay special respects, and the common people looked at them with admiration. The road contended: "The Living Buddha of Tibet is here! It is a blessing to see it!" Wherever he went, he was stationed in famous temples in Xi, provided with fragrant flowers, and heavily guarded, which was quite a consolation for the Dalai Lama. As soon as he arrived in Beijing, he was even more imposing. There were quite a few lamas in Beijing, and few of them had paid homage to the Dalai Lama. At this time, they were rejoicing, their faces were like gold flying, and they gathered day and night at the Yellow Temple where he was seated. , Princes, relatives and nobles all came to pay their respects, which is a rare honor.Every time he travels, he shouts at the front and hugs at the back, followed by countless lamas in yellow clothes, making a sensation in the nine cities and alleys to watch, which makes the Dalai Lama feel that power is precious and loveable. However, something unpleasant happened soon.One of the officials of the Li Fan Department was in charge of taking care of the Dalai Lama for their court officials. His name was Luoxi Musang. Relax. "It's impossible for me to kneel and salute." The Dalai Lama refused. "This is done according to the established routine." Luo Ximusang said: "There is absolutely no intention of disrespecting the master." "There are no precedents! And that's the Panchen Lama's self-deprecation!" Luoxi Musang naturally knew what he said.In the three dynasties of Shunzhi, Kangxi, and Yongzheng, neither the Dalai Lama nor the Panchen Lama was allowed to kneel and worship. It was not until the Qianlong period that the Panchen Lama once had an audience in the Jehol Palace, and he asked himself to be a courtier. Since then, it has become a rule. "The master's words are self-evident." Luoxi Musang replied: "The Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama are brothers, and they were originally one. Besides, the two masters reincarnated, so the masters that the disciples see today are the masters since Qianjia. , why can you follow the routine in the past, but not now?" This refutation was very serious, and the Dalai Lama Gu said he said: "You mentioned the words of the Qianlong period, but I would like to ask you, have you read the "Lama Saying" written by the Emperor Qianlong?" "Working in Lifan, I have read it naturally." "So, tell me, how did Gaozong explain the Lama?" Luoxi Musang thought about it for a while, and read aloud: "I think about the meaning carefully. Gai Xifan said that "upper" means "La", and "no" means "Ma", and "Lama" means "Supreme... …'" "Wait!" the Dalai Lama cut off his words, "Since you call it 'Supreme', how can you bend your knees to others?" "There is another sentence in Yuzhi's article," said Luoxi Musang calmly, "'that is, in Chinese, monks are referred to as masters.' This is what the Supreme Master said, please don't misunderstand it!" Not only were the words not speculative, but the wording was not very polite. Gabulun, who was accompanying him, hurriedly pulled it away, "Let's discuss it another day!" He said, "Fortunately, it is too early." If the etiquette system is not established, it is impossible to have an audience.In fact, even if it is settled, we still have to wait, because the two palaces are in violation of the agreement, except for the military aircraft and the ministers who must be summoned, all the red tapes in the ritual system, as well as the pilgrimage that must be mentally dealt with, will be stopped.