Chapter 149 Section 6 Letter of Supervision and Responsibility

What Li Si wrote this time is the famous "Letter of Responsibility for Action Supervision" in the future.Although the article is rather long, it is a famous article through the ages and cannot be disrespected. The original text of Gu is recorded below: A virtuous husband and lord must be able to practice the art of supervision and responsibility in a holistic way.Supervising and blaming it, the ministers dare not continue to take advantage of their masters.The separation of ministers and masters, and the righteousness of superiors and inferiors, will dare not do their best to serve as their rulers.That is why the Lord is in control of the world and has nothing to control.The extreme of being able to be poor and happy, the sage master, don't notice it!

Therefore, Shen Zi said, "If you have the world but don't do it to your will, and the commandment is to use the world as a shackle", there is nothing else, you can't supervise and blame, but care about the people of the world with your own body, such as Yao and Yuran, so it is called " Shackles" also.If a husband cannot practice Shen and Han's bright skills, practice the way of supervision and responsibility, and only use the world to adapt himself, but do nothing but work hard, and use his body to favor the people, it is the battle of the head of Guizhou, and he is not an animal in the world.If a husband favors others, he will be noble and others will be inferior; if he favors others, he will be inferior and others will be noble.Therefore, those who favor others are cheap, while those who are favored by others are expensive. From ancient times to the present, there has never been such a thing.In ancient times, those who respected the virtuous were regarded as noble; while those who did evil and unworthy were regarded as cheap.And Yao and Yu, who favored the world with their bodies, respected them because they followed suit, and they also lost their heart to respect the virtuous, and they can be called great.Isn't it appropriate to call it "shackles"?Can't be held accountable.

So Han Zi said: "A kind mother has a defeated son, but the Yan family has no qualifications for captives", why?Then it is possible to increase the punishment.Therefore, according to the law of Shang Jun, the punishment is to abandon the ashes of Taoism.The husband throws away the ashes, and the crime is light, and he is punished, and the punishment is heavy.He only knows the Lord is able to deeply supervise misdemeanors.The husband's crime is light and the supervisor is serious, but is there a serious crime?The old people dare not commit crimes.That's why Han Zi said, "The cloth and silk are common, mediocre people can't release them, and the gold is full of money, but the robbers don't fight." It is not mediocre people who have a heavy heart, ordinary profits are deep, and robbers have shallow desires; The trip is as heavy as a hundred yi.If the strokes must be punished casually, then the robbers will not stroke a hundred yi; if the punishment does not have to be done, the mediocre will not explain it.It is the old city that is five feet high, but Lou Ji does not take offense lightly; Mount Tai is a hundred feet high, and lame sheep graze on it.It is difficult for a husband's tower to reach the limit of five feet, how can it be easy for a lame sheep to be as high as a hundred feet?The situation of the steep trench is also different.The reason why the Ming Lord and Sage King can stay in the position of honor for a long time, hold great power for a long time, and those who are only good at the interests of the world is not a different way. If they can judge and punish them arbitrarily, they will be severely punished, so the world dare not commit crimes.If you don't do business today, you don't commit any crimes, and if you do something about a loving mother who loses her son, you don't understand the sage's theory.If you can't practice the art of a sage, what's the point of giving up serving the world?Not sad!

Moreover, when the frugal, benevolent and righteous people stand in the court, the joy of desolation and wanton will cease; carry on.Therefore, the master of Ming is able to get rid of these three, and use his mastery alone to control the ministers who obey him, and practice his Ming law, so he is respectful and powerful.All virtuous masters will be able to shake the world and grind the customs, abolish what they hate, and establish what they want, so they will be respected when they are born, and they will have the posthumous posthumous title of virtuous when they die.It is because Mingjun is arbitrary, so the power does not lie with the ministers.Then it can destroy the way of benevolence and righteousness, cover up the mouth of words, impede the martyrs' walks, cover up the eyes, and only see and hear from the inside, so the outside should not be used for the walks of benevolence and righteous martyrs, and the inside should not be seized by remonstrance and angry debates.Therefore, I can act alone with the heart of self-indulgence and no one dares to rebel.If this is the case, it can be said that you can understand the techniques of Shen and Han, and practice the methods of Shangjun.Those who cultivated the law and practiced it brightly but the world is in chaos have never heard of it.Therefore, it is said that "the king's way is easy to operate".Only the Lord can do it.If this is the sincerity of supervision and responsibility, then the ministers are innocent, and the world is safe when the ministers are innocent, and the world is safe and the Lord is dignified. , the country is rich and the king is happy.Therefore, if the technique of supervision and responsibility is set up, you can do whatever you want.The ministers and the common people are too late to save, so why dare to try?If this is the case, the emperor will be prepared, and it can be said that he can understand the art of the emperor and his ministers.Although Shen and Han Fusheng cannot be added.

Reading through Li Si's book, although it is hard to escape the ridicule of Ahuhai, on the other hand, it still reflects Li Si's political thought very well. The so-called supervision and responsibility, the supervisor, the inspector.Investigate the crime, and then punish it.Although the word "supervision and responsibility" was not invented by Li Si, it was put forward as an important theory and put into practice throughout the empire, but it cannot but be credited (or blamed) to Li Si. Here, Li Si was undoubtedly inspired by his brother Han Fei.By the way, the word supervision and responsibility first appeared in the Eight Classics of "Han Feizi": "The master of the way, listen to the words and supervise his use, and teach his skills... Words must be rewarded, and words must be used." It can be seen that Han Fei is Using the two characters of supervision and responsibility separately, Li Si combined the two characters of supervision and responsibility into one.This difference is not just a simple word game. After careful study, we can find that Li Si's idea is actually developed and innovated on the basis of Han Fei.

Han Fei once put forward a theory of "the shape and the name are the same", and supervision and responsibility are one of the components.The so-called homonymy of form and name can be found in the main chapter of "Han Feizi": "Therefore (Ming Jun) waits for silence, makes the name pretentious, and makes things self-determined. If you are empty, you will know the true feelings, and if you are quiet, you will know the action. Those who have words make their own names, and those who have things make their own forms, and the forms and names are the same, so the king has nothing to do, and returns to his feelings."

It can be seen by comparison that Han Fei's supervision and responsibility pay attention to stopping with silence and striking late.However, Li Si's supervision emphasized proactive attack and active intervention.Interestingly, this difference in thinking is also the difference in personality between the two. Having said that, from a theoretical point of view, Li Si's accountability system itself is not wrong, but has its own positive and profound side.It's just that this system appeared at the wrong time and was implemented by the wrong person, which added fuel to the fire and pushed the empire further into the abyss of eternal doom.

When Hu Hai received Li Si's reply, he was overjoyed, so he became stricter in supervision and responsibilities, and those who were deep in taxpayers were officials of the Ming Dynasty.Hu Hai said: "In this way, we can be said to be able to supervise and blame."Those who kill people are loyal ministers.Hu Hai said: "This can be said to be able to supervise and blame." The situation in the empire has become more and more dire from then on.In the eyes of outsiders, all of this was caused by Li Si's "Letter of Responsibilities for Supervision and Responsibility", and Li Si should bear the blame alone.Li Si's character and reputation, which he had accumulated so hard all his life, fell to the bottom all of a sudden, and there was no longer any sign of rebounding.

Li Si's once huge power has been eroded and emptied by Zhao Gao step by step.In just one year, Li Si lost the Meng brothers, Feng Quji and Feng Jie, and the trust and support of the court officials. Now, he lost the most important thing - the hearts of the people. However, Li Si still couldn't make up his mind to fight back.He can only step out of the atrium in the dead of night, look up at the sky, secretly gnash his teeth and say, if I were twenty years younger...